25:
431:
2498:
452:
2510:
1842:
439:
1111:, copyright, or other intellectual property rights in all or a portion of the data they have submitted. NCBI is not in a position to assess the validity of such claims, and therefore cannot provide comment or unrestricted permission concerning the use, copying, or distribution of the information contained in GenBank."
965:
Public databases which may be searched using the
National Center for Biotechnology Information Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (NCBI BLAST), lack peer-reviewed sequences of type strains and sequences of non-type strains. On the other hand, while commercial databases potentially contain high-quality
340:
Only original sequences can be submitted to GenBank. Direct submissions are made to GenBank using BankIt, which is a Web-based form, or the stand-alone submission program, Sequin. Upon receipt of a sequence submission, the GenBank staff examines the originality of the data and assigns an
2353:
1011:
Numerous published manuscripts have identified erroneous sequences on GenBank. These are not only incorrect species assignments (which can have different causes) but also include chimeras and accession records with sequencing errors. A recent manuscript on the quality of all
327:
Release 250.0, published in June 2022, contained over 17 trillion nucleotide bases in more than 2,45 billion sequences. GenBank is built by direct submissions from individual laboratories, as well as from bulk submissions from large-scale
1846:
1007:
resulting from continued usage of sequences of initially misidentified individuals. The authors provide recommendations how to avoid further distribution of publicly available sequences with incorrect scientific names.
466:
for release 250.0 (June 2022) state that "from 1982 to the present, the number of bases in GenBank has doubled approximately every 18 months". As of 15 June 2022, GenBank release 250.0 has over 239 million
2298:
2262:
2201:
990:
GenBank, being a public database, may contain sequences wrongly assigned to a particular species, because the initial identification of the organism was wrong. A recent article published in
2096:
2280:
1479:"Evaluation of the GenBank, EzTaxon, and BIBI Services for Molecular Identification of Clinical Blood Culture Isolates That Were Unidentifiable or Misidentified by Conventional Methods"
302:
474:
The GenBank database includes additional data sets that are constructed mechanically from the main sequence data collection, and therefore are excluded from this count.
384:(LANL) and others established the Los Alamos Sequence Database in 1979, which culminated in 1982 with the creation of the public GenBank. Funding was provided by the
2292:
2359:
369:(HTGS) data are most often submitted by large-scale sequencing centers. The GenBank direct submissions group also processes complete microbial genome sequences.
2306:
2207:
1857:
1104:
424:
290:
113:
2335:
2370:
2347:
2341:
979:
gene sequencing results analyzed with GenBank in conjunction with other freely available, quality-controlled, web-based public databases, such as the
345:
to the sequence and performs quality assurance checks. The submissions are then released to the public database, where the entries are retrievable by
1928:
1020:
further showed that 45% of the identified erroneous records lack a voucher specimen that prevents a reassessment of the species identification.
2536:
2329:
2106:
2286:
2184:
308:
GenBank and its collaborators will receive sequences produced in laboratories throughout the world from more than 500,000 formally described
2042:
1100:
1050:
2312:
397:
1055:
393:
1477:
Kyung Sun Park; Chang-Seok Ki; Cheol-In Kang; Yae-Jean Kim; Doo Ryeon Chung; Kyong Ran Peck; Jae-Hoon Song; Nam Yong Lee (May 2012).
1121:
Eric W Sayers; Mark
Cavanaugh; Karen Clark; Kim D Pruitt; Conrad L Schoch; Stephen T Sherry; Ilene Karsch-Mizrachi (7 January 2022).
2364:
2268:
2235:
2218:
2178:
1851:
342:
2166:
2154:
1034:
971:
1996:
1892:— a stand-alone software tool developed by the NCBI for submitting and updating entries to the GenBank sequence database.
2213:
997:
2556:
2133:
2050:
2018:
385:
294:
2463:
1982:
1921:
2541:
2091:
2014:
1956:
389:
366:
2071:
2546:
2514:
2241:
2195:
1879:
401:
320:. GenBank has become an important database for research in biological fields and has grown in recent years at an
2224:
1428:
Benson, D. A.; Cavanaugh, M.; Clark, K.; Karsch-Mizrachi, I.; Lipman, D. J.; Ostell, J.; Sayers, E. W. (2012).
423:
communications among bioscientists. During 1989 to 1992, the GenBank project transitioned to the newly created
420:
278:
1901:
1725:"A database of metazoan cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene sequences derived from GenBank with CO-ARBitrator"
1525:
1790:"Bird genetic databases need improved curation and error reporting to <scp>NCBI</scp>"
1601:"ACDC, a global database of amphibian cytochrome-b sequences using reproducible curation for GenBank records"
1540:
69:
Nucleotide sequences for more than 300,000 organisms with supporting bibliographic and biological annotation.
2551:
2502:
2468:
2111:
1964:
1914:
2432:
2172:
1960:
1107:
places no restrictions on the use or distribution of the GenBank data. However, some submitters may claim
891:
362:
354:
350:
2453:
2066:
1664:
Li, Xiaobing; Shen, Xuejuan; Chen, Xiao; Xiang, Dan; Murphy, Robert W.; Shen, Yongyi (6 February 2018).
937:
657:
237:
987:-e (kappa = 0.79) were more discriminative than using GenBank (kappa = 0.66) or other databases alone.
2437:
1736:
1612:
776:
358:
2427:
2354:
International
Conference on Computational Intelligence Methods for Bioinformatics and Biostatistics
2246:
2034:
845:
408:
983:-e and the BIBI databases. The results showed that analyses performed using GenBank combined with
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1807:
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321:
1367:
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1992:
1825:
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1581:
1508:
1459:
1410:
1252:
1203:
1172:
Benson D; Karsch-Mizrachi, I.; Lipman, D. J.; Ostell, J.; Wheeler, D. L.; et al. (2008).
1154:
1108:
1072:
1066:
1040:
976:
274:
244:
123:
1221:
Benson D; Karsch-Mizrachi, I.; Lipman, D. J.; Ostell, J.; Sayers, E. W.; et al. (2009).
2458:
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1815:
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1193:
1185:
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991:
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634:
468:
430:
259:
1557:
2149:
1874:
1096:
232:
108:
1599:
van den Burg, Matthijs P.; Herrando-Pérez, Salvador; Vieites, David R. (13 August 2020).
1740:
1616:
38:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
1937:
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Microsoft
Research - University of Trento Centre for Computational and Systems Biology
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2008:
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298:
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1723:
Heller, Philip; Casaletto, James; Ruiz, Gregory; Geller, Jonathan (7 August 2018).
1013:
494:
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565:
451:
377:
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157:
1624:
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managed the GenBank project in collaboration with LANL. As one of the earliest
2473:
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1988:
1002:
516:
486:
282:
1829:
1811:
1756:
1691:
1682:
1666:"Detection of Potential Problematic Cytb Gene Sequences of Fishes in GenBank"
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914:
822:
680:
1774:
1748:
1709:
1650:
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1463:
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1207:
1158:
1139:
966:
filtered sequence data, there are a limited number of reference sequences.
127:
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2000:
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1238:
1189:
93:
1820:
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2022:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1884:
1558:"Genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships of threadfin breams (
1045:
1029:
471:, 1,39 trillion nucleotide bases, from 239 million reported sequences.
309:
286:
1802:
1789:
404:, and by the end of 1983 more than 2,000 sequences were stored in it.
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2128:
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703:
538:
416:
346:
2160:
2086:
1788:
Van Den Burg, Matthijs P.; Vieites, David R. (22 September 2022).
1017:
753:
726:
588:
450:
212:
170:
1906:
434:
Genbank and EMBL: NucleotideSequences 1986/1987 Volumes I to VII.
2004:
1895:
415:
community projects on the
Internet, the GenBank project started
407:
381:
317:
186:
1910:
868:
799:
611:
165:
18:
2263:
African
Society for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology
2202:
Max Planck
Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics
196:
2281:
International
Nucleotide Sequence Database Collaboration
1898:— free, open source software for molecular biology
303:
International
Nucleotide Sequence Database Collaboration
1556:
Ogwang, Joel; Bariche, Michel; Bos, Arthur R. (2021).
1562:
spp.) from the Red Sea and eastern Mediterranean Sea"
425:
National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)
2446:
2380:
2322:
2255:
2142:
2120:
2059:
1944:
1902:
GenBank, RefSeq, TPA and UniProt: What's in a Name?
380:of the Theoretical Biology and Biophysics Group at
289:translations. It is produced and maintained by the
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226:
202:
192:
182:
156:
151:
133:
119:
107:
102:
92:
73:
65:
60:
1973:, database of protein sequences grouping together
455:Growth in GenBank base pairs, 1982 to 2018, on a
281:, annotated collection of all publicly available
2208:US National Center for Biotechnology Information
2293:International Society for Computational Biology
1381:"Recent changes in the GenBank On-line Service"
2360:ISCB Africa ASBCB Conference on Bioinformatics
1272:
1270:
1268:
1266:
2307:Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology
1922:
1858:National Center for Biotechnology Information
400:. LANL collaborated on GenBank with the firm
291:National Center for Biotechnology Information
8:
2336:European Conference on Computational Biology
1880:Example sequence record, for hemoglobin beta
1000:sequences were wrongly assigned to the fish
55:
36:. The reason given is: Recent Release 260.0.
2371:Research in Computational Molecular Biology
2348:International Conference on Bioinformatics
1929:
1915:
1907:
1069:— includes a GenBank Submission Tool
478:Top 20 organisms in GenBank (Release 250)
476:
54:
2342:Intelligent Systems for Molecular Biology
1819:
1801:
1764:
1699:
1681:
1640:
1502:
1453:
1404:
1246:
1197:
1148:
1138:
437:
429:
2330:Basel Computational Biology Conference
1088:
1063:— the Reference Sequence Database
2287:International Society for Biocuration
2185:European Molecular Biology Laboratory
1278:"GenBank release notes (Release 250)"
324:by doubling roughly every 18 months.
7:
2509:
1351:"Walter Goad, GenBank founder, dies"
1051:List of sequenced eukaryotic genomes
2313:Japanese Society for Bioinformatics
2275:European Molecular Biology network
1056:List of sequenced archaeal genomes
419:/Bionet news groups for promoting
312:. The database started in 1982 by
14:
2365:Pacific Symposium on Biocomputing
2269:Australia Bioinformatics Resource
2236:Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics
2219:Netherlands Bioinformatics Centre
2179:European Bioinformatics Institute
1357:. Los Alamos National Laboratory.
996:showed that 75% of mitochondrial
2508:
2497:
2496:
2167:Database Center for Life Science
2155:Computational Biology Department
2043:Arabidopsis Information Resource
1845: This article incorporates
1840:
1546:(archive accessed 25 March 2021)
1531:(archive accessed 25 March 2021)
1035:Human Protein Reference Database
972:Journal of Clinical Microbiology
23:
2013:Specialised genomic databases:
1300:"How to submit data to GenBank"
367:High-Throughput Genome Sequence
2214:Japanese Institute of Genetics
998:Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I
382:Los Alamos National Laboratory
318:Los Alamos National Laboratory
1:
2537:National Institutes of Health
2134:Rosalind (education platform)
2051:Zebrafish Information Network
2019:Saccharomyces Genome Database
386:National Institutes of Health
295:National Institutes of Health
2464:List of biological databases
1983:Protein Information Resource
942:
919:
896:
873:
850:
827:
804:
781:
758:
735:
708:
685:
662:
639:
616:
593:
570:
547:
520:
499:
1957:European Nucleotide Archive
1440:(Database issue): D36–D42.
1349:Hanson, Todd (2000-11-21).
390:National Science Foundation
139:; 42 years ago
2575:
1625:10.1038/s41597-020-00598-9
1325:"GenBank Submission Types"
961:Incomplete identifications
2492:
2242:Wellcome Sanger Institute
2196:J. Craig Venter Institute
402:Bolt, Beranek, and Newman
32:This article needs to be
2225:Philippine Genome Center
1683:10.3389/fgene.2018.00030
1529:eztaxon-e.ezbiocloud.net
969:A paper released in the
2469:Molecular phylogenetics
1965:China National GeneBank
2173:DNA Data Bank of Japan
1961:DNA Data Bank of Japan
1847:public domain material
1749:10.1038/sdata.2018.156
1434:Nucleic Acids Research
1385:Nucleic Acids Research
1355:Newsbulletin: obituary
1227:Nucleic Acids Research
1178:Nucleic Acids Research
869:Canis lupus familiaris
459:
443:
442:CD-ROM of Genbank v100
435:
363:Genome Survey Sequence
355:Expressed Sequence Tag
353:. Bulk submissions of
2454:Computational biology
1969:Secondary databases:
1670:Frontiers in Genetics
1578:10.1139/gen-2019-0163
1397:10.1093/nar/18.6.1517
1233:(Database): D26–D31.
1184:(Database): D25–D30.
1127:Nucleic Acids Archive
938:Rhinatrema bivittatum
658:Klebsiella pneumoniae
454:
441:
433:
398:Department of Defense
293:(NCBI; a part of the
16:DNA sequence database
2557:Biological databases
1951:Sequence databases:
1495:10.1128/JCM.00081-12
1368:LANL GenBank History
1280:. NCBI. 15 June 2022
1140:10.1093/nar/gkab1135
892:Aegilops sharonensis
394:Department of Energy
359:Sequence-tagged site
285:sequences and their
2247:Whitehead Institute
2035:Rat Genome Database
1741:2018NatSD...580156H
1617:2020NatSD...7..268V
1446:10.1093/nar/gks1195
846:Aegilops longissima
479:
409:Stanford University
349:or downloadable by
82:Nucleotide sequence
57:
2542:Genetics databases
2484:Sequence alignment
2191:Flatiron Institute
1544:pbil.univ-lyon1.fr
1526:EzTaxon-e Database
1483:J. Clin. Microbiol
1239:10.1093/nar/gkn723
1190:10.1093/nar/gkm929
477:
460:
444:
436:
2524:
2523:
2479:Sequence database
1993:Protein Data Bank
1987:Other databases:
1803:10.1111/ibi.13143
1379:Benton D (1990).
1133:(D1): D161–D164.
1073:Open science data
1041:Sequence analysis
958:
957:
823:Rattus norvegicus
727:Triticum turgidum
495:Triticum aestivum
301:) as part of the
275:sequence database
268:
267:
53:
52:
2564:
2547:Genome databases
2512:
2511:
2500:
2499:
2459:List of biobanks
2423:Stockholm format
2231:Scripps Research
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1489:(5): 1792–1795.
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1391:(6): 1517–1520.
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343:accession number
322:exponential rate
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120:Primary citation
85:Protein sequence
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109:Research center
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1572:(3): 207–216.
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2016:
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2009:Gene Ontology
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549:1.01344340096
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536:
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522:1.65771825746
518:
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501:2.15443744183
497:
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464:release notes
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35:
30:
21:
20:
2513:
2501:
2408:Nexus format
2403:NeXML format
2398:FASTQ format
2393:FASTA format
2381:File formats
2143:Institutions
1952:
1864:
1852:
1821:10261/282622
1793:
1783:
1732:
1728:
1718:
1673:
1669:
1659:
1608:
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1363:
1354:
1344:
1332:. Retrieved
1328:
1319:
1307:. Retrieved
1303:
1294:
1282:. Retrieved
1230:
1226:
1216:
1181:
1177:
1167:
1130:
1126:
1116:
1091:
1014:Cytochrome b
1010:
1001:
992:
989:
970:
968:
964:
951:
936:
928:
913:
905:
890:
882:
867:
859:
844:
836:
821:
813:
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790:
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744:
731:
725:
717:
710:1.0650671156
702:
694:
687:1.0890148966
679:
671:
664:1.1144687122
656:
648:
641:1.5517830491
633:
625:
618:2.1127939362
612:Avena sativa
610:
602:
595:2.7834633853
589:Homo sapiens
587:
579:
572:3.0614386913
566:Mus musculus
564:
556:
543:
537:
529:
508:
493:
473:
462:The GenBank
461:
406:
376:
339:
326:
307:
271:
269:
193:Download URL
134:Release date
41:
33:
2388:CRAM format
2309:(CSIR-IGIB)
1016:records of
944:5.178626132
921:5.179074907
898:5.272476906
875:5.776499164
852:5.920483689
829:6.548854408
806:6.749247504
783:6.924307246
760:7.412263902
737:9.981529154
681:Danio rerio
421:open access
378:Walter Goad
365:(GSS), and
336:Submissions
314:Walter Goad
279:open access
204:Web service
158:Data format
66:Description
2531:Categories
2474:Sequencing
2438:GTF format
2433:GFF format
2428:VCF format
2418:SAM format
2181:(EMBL-EBI)
2107:SOAP suite
2027:VectorBase
1989:BioNumbers
1975:Swiss-Prot
1611:(1): 268.
1560:Nemipterus
1084:References
1003:Nemipterus
915:Sus scrofa
704:Bos taurus
517:SARS-CoV-2
487:base pairs
396:, and the
330:sequencing
283:nucleotide
245:Standalone
74:Data types
2301:(ISCB-SC)
2271:(EMBL-AR)
2204:(MPI-CBG)
1945:Databases
1830:0019-1019
1812:1474-919X
1757:2052-4463
1692:1664-8021
1633:2052-4463
1541:leBIBI V5
1430:"GenBank"
1223:"GenBank"
1174:"GenBank"
1123:"GenBank"
1005:mesoprion
483:Organism
332:centers.
305:(INSDC).
94:Organisms
2503:Category
2373:(RECOMB)
2323:Meetings
2277:(EMBnet)
2127:Server:
2102:SAMtools
2097:PANGOLIN
2060:Software
2039:PHI-base
2031:WormBase
2001:InterPro
1775:30084847
1710:29467794
1651:32792559
1586:32678985
1513:22403421
1464:23193287
1257:18940867
1208:18073190
1159:34850943
1067:Geneious
1024:See also
977:16S rRNA
754:Zea mays
197:ncbi ftp
128:21071399
76:captured
44:May 2024
2515:Commons
2350:(InCoB)
2295:(ISCB)
2283:(INSDC)
2265:(ASBCB)
2169:(DBCLS)
2163:(COSBI)
2077:Clustal
2023:FlyBase
1997:Ensembl
1971:UniProt
1953:GenBank
1875:GenBank
1766:6080493
1737:Bibcode
1701:5808227
1642:7426930
1613:Bibcode
1504:3347139
1455:3531190
1415:2326192
1334:20 July
1309:20 July
1284:20 July
1248:2686462
1199:2238942
1150:8690257
1046:UniProt
1030:Ensembl
985:EzTaxon
981:EzTaxon
730:subsp.
544:vulgare
542:subsp.
373:History
361:(STS),
357:(EST),
310:species
297:in the
287:protein
272:GenBank
264:Unclear
260:License
183:Website
142: (
103:Contact
61:Content
56:GenBank
34:updated
2356:(CIBB)
2344:(ISMB)
2338:(ECCB)
2315:(JSBi)
2221:(NBIC)
2210:(NCBI)
2198:(JCVI)
2187:(EMBL)
2175:(DDBJ)
2129:ExPASy
2112:TopHat
2092:MUSCLE
2082:EMBOSS
2072:Bowtie
2047:GISAID
2007:, and
1979:TrEMBL
1896:EMBOSS
1890:Sequin
1885:BankIt
1828:
1810:
1773:
1763:
1755:
1708:
1698:
1690:
1676:: 30.
1649:
1639:
1631:
1584:
1566:Genome
1511:
1501:
1462:
1452:
1413:
1406:330520
1403:
1255:
1245:
1206:
1196:
1157:
1147:
1109:patent
1103:says "
1061:RefSeq
1037:(HPRD)
993:Genome
447:Growth
417:BIOSCI
392:, the
388:, the
347:Entrez
277:is an
213:eutils
152:Access
126:
2367:(PSB)
2289:(ISB)
2238:(SIB)
2227:(PGC)
2157:(CBD)
2121:Other
2087:HMMER
2067:BLAST
1849:from
1808:eISSN
1753:eISSN
1735:(1).
1688:eISSN
1629:eISSN
1018:birds
732:durum
249:BLAST
238:BLAST
227:Tools
171:ASN.1
2049:and
2015:BOLD
2005:KEGG
1981:and
1963:and
1826:ISSN
1794:Ibis
1771:PMID
1706:PMID
1647:PMID
1582:PMID
1509:PMID
1460:PMID
1411:PMID
1336:2022
1329:NCBI
1311:2022
1304:NCBI
1286:2022
1253:PMID
1204:PMID
1155:PMID
1105:NCBI
1101:UCSC
1095:The
469:loci
316:and
270:The
218:soap
187:NCBI
144:1982
137:1982
124:PMID
114:NCBI
1816:hdl
1798:doi
1761:PMC
1745:doi
1696:PMC
1678:doi
1637:PMC
1621:doi
1574:doi
1499:PMC
1491:doi
1450:PMC
1442:doi
1401:PMC
1393:doi
1243:PMC
1235:doi
1194:PMC
1186:doi
1145:PMC
1135:doi
1099:at
351:FTP
233:Web
206:URL
166:XML
98:All
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2045:,
2041:,
2037:,
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2003:,
1999:,
1995:,
1991:,
1977:,
1959:,
1955:,
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146:)
46:)
42:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.