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Following the warâs outbreak, Sugiyama was responsible for directing the Armyâs ensuing military operations. In a matter of months, the Empire of Japan conquered a broad swathe of territory in
Southeast Asia and the western Pacific including Malaya, the Dutch East Indies, Burma, and the Philippines.
960:
By the beginning of 1943, the tide of the conflict had turned against the
Japanese after their forces were decisively defeated at the battles of Midway and Guadalcanal. In the same year, Sugiyama was awarded the honorary rank of
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1002:, Sugiyama committed suicide by shooting himself four times in the chest with his revolver while seated at his desk in his office. At home, his wife also killed herself. His grave is at the
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On 3 June 1938, Sugiyama left his position as Army
Minister to become a member of Japan's Supreme War Council. In December 1938, he briefly left the Council to assume command over the
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which attempted to make Ugaki Prime
Minister. Later that year, as Under Secretary of the Army, he made an official announcement defending the actions of the military in the
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After TÅjÅ's ouster in 1944, Sugiyama again became Army
Minister in the new cabinet of Prime Minister Kuniaki Koiso. In July 1945, he was asked to take command of the
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in May 1925 and appointed
Director of the Bureau of Military Affairs in 1928. Within the same timeframe, he also became a leading figure in the Army's
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in 1912, disguised as a civilian trading company employee, and disguised as an
Imperial Japanese Navy lieutenant, joined in an inspection tour of the
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expansion into Asia and the
Pacific, General Sugiyama was one of the leading Army officers lobbying for war with the West. On September 5, 1941,
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As the war fronts collapsed on all sides, Sugiyama was relieved of his post as Chief of the
General Staff on February 21, 1944, by General
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would be completed within three months. Nonetheless, by 1 December 1941, the
Emperor ultimately gave his imperial sanction for war.
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challenged his confidence in a quick victory over the Western powers by berating him for erroneously predicting in 1937 that
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As Army Minister in 1937, Sugiyama was a driving force behind the launch of hostilities against China in retaliation for the
543:. After being named the Armyâs Chief of Staff in 1940, he became a leading advocate for expansion into Southeast Asia and
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cabinet until its dissolution in April 1945. Ten days after Japan's surrender on 2 September 1945, he committed suicide.
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During his tenure, tensions between Japanese forces and the Chinese grew more severe. When
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from positions of authority and Sugiyama was promoted to full general in November 1936.
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in 1901. He served as a junior officer with 3rd Battalion of the 14th Regiment of the
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In February 1937, Sugiyama became Army Minister in the cabinet of Prime Minister
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669:. Due to scars from that injury, he was unable to fully open his right eye.
17:
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McEvoy, William P.; Morgan, Troy D.; Tucker, Spencer C. (January 8, 2013).
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The World At Arms:The Reader's Digest Illustrated History of World War II
277:
153:
987:, which directed defenses of eastern half Japanese mainland against the
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607: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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General Sugiyama inspecting Japanese landing sites in Shanghai, 1938
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and remained in that position under the succeeding Prime Minister,
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in 1915, where he met in secret with Indian independence activists
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World War II: The Definitive Encyclopedia and Document Collection
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Fateful Choices:Ten Decisions That Changed The World (1940-1941)
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in 1910, Sugiyama served in Section 2 (Intelligence) within the
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outbreak of hostilities in the Pacific theater of World War II
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By September 3, 1940, Hajime Sugiyama succeeded the elderly
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to the post of Army Minister, Sugiyama was sidelined to the
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1280:"Land Battle for Guadalcanal (August 1942-February 1943)"
1522:
Military Commanders of World War Two: A Concise Outline
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1636:. London,UK: The Reader's Digest Association Limited.
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in March 1933. However, the failed coup d'etat of the
1977:
Japanese military personnel of the Russo-Japanese War
739:, he ultimately rose to become the first head of the
716:. In 1918, he was sent as a military observer to the
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Sugiyama (left on first row), as minister of War in
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In 1924, Sugiyama became a protege of Army Minister
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in 1913, he was posted again as military attaché to
1515:. Quantico, Virginia: The Marine Corps Association.
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1471:Downfall: the End of the Imperial Japanese Empire
863:respectively before returning in September 1939.
727:On his return to Japan, Sugiyama was promoted to
948:'s (third from left on front row) cabinet, with
841:hostilities broke out near the Marco Polo Bridge
653:, Sugiyama graduated from the 12th class of the
532:and one of Japan's military leaders for most of
1967:Japanese military personnel who died by suicide
1524:. Leicester,UK: Troubadour Publishing Limited.
976:). Shortly thereafter, he was appointed to the
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8:
1617:. London, UK & New York, NY: Routledge.
1423:Dunnigan, James F.; Nofi, Albert A. (1995).
1382:The Best War Ever:America & World War II
1229:
672:After graduating from the 22nd class of the
1952:Japanese military personnel of World War II
1591:. Santa Barbara, California: ABC,CLIO LLC.
1513:Kogun: The Japanese Army in the Pacific War
1425:Victory at Sea: World War II in the Pacific
1987:Recipients of the Order of the Golden Kite
1942:Military personnel from Fukuoka Prefecture
1696:
1451:. New York: HarperCollins Publishers Inc.
1093:Budge, The Pacific War Online Encyclopedia
720:. At the end of the war, he served on the
269:3 October 1940 â 21 February 1944
113:
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1992:Recipients of the Order of the Rising Sun
1448:Harper Encyclopedia of Military Biography
1068:Learn how and when to remove this message
665:, and was wounded in the face during the
623:Learn how and when to remove this message
82:Learn how and when to remove this message
1405:Hirohito and the Making of Modern Japan
1143:Ammenthorp, The Generals of World War II
1131:
1117:Ammenthorp, The Generals of World War II
1031:This article includes a list of general
972:(who continued to serve concurrently as
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45:This article includes a list of general
1962:Ministers of the Imperial Japanese Army
1326:Downfall The End of the Japanese Empire
1205:
1195:Hirohito and the Making of Modern Japan
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921:Sugiyama at an airfield on June 1, 1943
526:, January 1, 1880 â September 12, 1945)
1904:Inspector-General of Military Training
1799:Inspector-General of Military Training
1615:Who's Who In Twentieth-Century Warfare
1511:Hayashi, Saburo; Cox, Alvin D (1959).
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978:Inspector-general of Military Training
145:9 February 1937 â 3 June 1938
1427:. William Morrow & Company, Inc.
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760:. Subsequently, he was promoted to
718:Middle Eastern theatre of World War I
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1827:Imperial Japanese Army General Staff
872:Imperial Japanese Army General Staff
678:Imperial Japanese Army General Staff
605:adding citations to reliable sources
561:until his removal by Prime Minister
255:Chief of the Imperial Japanese Army
213:22 July 1944 â 7 April 1945
1384:. Johns Hopkins University Press.
1037:it lacks sufficient corresponding
802:Imperial Japanese Army Air Service
741:Imperial Japanese Army Air Service
51:it lacks sufficient corresponding
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1852:Commander Mongolia Garrison Army
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952:(right on front row), July 1944.
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775:In 1931, he participated in the
724:committee on military aviation.
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554:, Sugiyama served as the armyâs
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2002:Imperial Japanese Army officers
1879:Commander North China Area Army
1677:Pacific War Online Encyclopedia
1587:. In Tucker, Spencer C. (ed.).
592:needs additional citations for
27:Imperial Japanese field marshal
1772:Commander IJA 1st General Army
1632:Wright, Michael (Ed.) (1989).
1408:. New York: Harper Perennial.
1286:. ABC-CLIO, LLC. p. 106.
808:in 1936 led to a purge of the
655:Imperial Japanese Army Academy
523:Sugiyama Hajime / Sugiyama Gen
1:
1982:Suicides by firearm in Japan
1664:The Generals of World War II
1568:. London,UK: Penguin Books.
1380:Adams, Michael C.C. (1994).
1284:Japan at War:An Encyclopedia
1282:. In Perez, Louis G. (ed.).
851:Promotion to Army leadership
790:With the rise of the rival
752:Involvement in Army politics
547:against the United States.
1613:Tucker, Spencer C. (2001).
1583:Kurosawa, Fumitaka (2016).
989:anticipated Allied invasion
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2018:
1496:. London: Arms and Armor.
1492:Shokan: Hirohito's Samurai
541:Marco Polo Bridge Incident
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845:Second Sino-Japanese War
735:. A strong proponent of
484:Second Sino-Japanese War
462:Northern China Area Army
378:Order of the Golden Kite
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382:Order of the Rising Sun
66:more precise citations.
1972:People from Kitakyushu
1819:Prince Kan'in Kotohito
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1908:Aug 1936 â Feb 1937
1883:Dec 1938 â Aug 1939
1831:Oct 1940 â Feb 1944
1803:Jul 1944 â Nov 1944
1746:Jul 1944 â Apr 1945
806:February 26 incident
680:. He was posted as
601:improve this article
534:the Second World War
489:Bombing of Chongqing
127:Minister of the Army
1658:Ammenthorp, Steen.
1208:, pp. 371â372.
994:Ten days after the
714:Subhas Chandra Bose
1700:Political offices
1336:Chen, WW2 Database
996:surrender of Japan
985:First General Army
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927:Second World War's
925:On the eve of the
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897:. You can help by
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694:United States Navy
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663:Russo-Japanese War
651:Fukuoka Prefecture
559:commander-in-chief
479:Russo-Japanese War
466:First General Army
363:September 12, 1945
350:Fukuoka Prefecture
1957:Marshals of Japan
1947:Japanese generals
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1914:Hisaichi Terauchi
1911:Succeeded by
1886:Succeeded by
1872:Hisaichi Terauchi
1859:Succeeded by
1834:Succeeded by
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1759:Military offices
1749:Succeeded by
1722:Succeeded by
1686:"Sugiyama Hajima"
1660:"Sugiyama Hajime"
1585:"Hajime Sugiyama"
1575:978-0-14-311372-0
1467:Frank, Richard B.
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2:
2014:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
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1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
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1933:
1930:
1929:
1927:
1915:
1906:
1905:
1894:
1890:
1881:
1880:
1873:
1867:
1863:
1854:
1853:
1842:
1838:
1829:
1828:
1820:
1814:
1810:
1809:Shunroku Hata
1801:
1800:
1793:
1787:
1783:
1782:Kenji Doihara
1774:
1773:
1762:
1757:
1753:
1744:
1743:
1742:Army Minister
1736:
1730:
1726:
1717:
1716:
1715:Army Minister
1709:
1703:
1698:
1691:
1687:
1684:Chen, Peter.
1682:
1678:
1674:
1671:Budge, Kent.
1669:
1665:
1661:
1656:
1655:
1651:
1645:
1643:0-89577-333-3
1639:
1635:
1630:
1626:
1624:0-203-40253-7
1620:
1616:
1611:
1604:September 16,
1600:
1598:9781851099696
1594:
1590:
1586:
1581:
1577:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1553:0-203-43246-0
1549:
1546:. Routledge.
1545:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1527:
1523:
1518:
1514:
1509:
1505:
1503:1-85409-151-4
1499:
1494:
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1486:
1482:
1480:0-14-100146-1
1476:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1458:0-7858-0437-4
1454:
1450:
1449:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1434:0-688-14947-2
1430:
1426:
1421:
1417:
1415:0-06-093130-2
1411:
1407:
1406:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1391:0-8018-4697-8
1387:
1383:
1378:
1377:
1373:
1362:
1359:
1348:
1343:
1333:
1330:
1327:
1321:
1318:
1315:
1310:
1307:
1299:September 16,
1295:
1293:9781598847420
1289:
1285:
1281:
1274:
1271:
1268:, p. 63.
1267:
1262:
1259:
1255:
1250:
1247:
1244:, p. 60.
1243:
1238:
1235:
1231:
1226:
1223:
1219:
1214:
1211:
1207:
1202:
1199:
1196:
1190:
1187:
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1167:
1165:
1163:
1161:
1157:
1154:
1149:
1146:
1140:
1137:
1133:
1132:Kurosawa 2016
1128:
1126:
1124:
1120:
1114:
1111:
1107:
1102:
1100:
1096:
1090:
1087:
1080:
1072:
1069:
1061:
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1041:
1040:
1034:
1029:
1020:
1019:
1013:
1011:
1009:
1005:
1004:Tama Cemetery
1001:
1000:Allied Powers
997:
992:
990:
986:
981:
979:
975:
971:
966:
964:
963:field marshal
958:
951:
947:
946:Kuniaki Koiso
942:
938:
936:
932:
928:
919:
909:
900:
896:
893:This section
891:
888:
884:
883:
877:
875:
873:
869:
864:
862:
858:
850:
848:
846:
842:
837:
835:
831:
822:
816:Army Minister
815:
813:
811:
807:
803:
799:
795:
794:
788:
786:
782:
778:
773:
771:
767:
763:
762:major general
759:
751:
747:Rise to power
746:
744:
742:
738:
734:
730:
725:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
706:British India
703:
699:
695:
691:
687:
683:
679:
675:
670:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
648:
645:(now part of
644:
640:
639:
627:
624:
616:
606:
602:
596:
595:
590:This section
588:
584:
579:
578:
572:
570:
568:
564:
560:
557:
553:
548:
546:
542:
537:
535:
531:
530:field marshal
524:
512:
503:
497:
494:
490:
487:
486:
485:
482:
480:
477:
476:
474:
470:
467:
463:
459:
458:12th Division
456:
452:
449:
448:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
424:
413:
409:
406:
395:
391:
386:
383:
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376:
372:
362:
358:
355:
351:
347:
342:
338:
333:
329:
326:
323:
317:
314:
311:
305:
299:
296:
294:
291:
290:
288:
282:
279:
276:
272:
266:
261:
258:
257:General Staff
252:
249:
246:
240:
237:
234:
228:
225:
224:Kuniaki Koiso
222:
216:
210:
205:
202:
199:
193:
190:
187:
181:
175:
172:
170:
167:
166:
164:
158:
155:
152:
148:
142:
137:
133:
128:
124:
120:
116:
111:
102:
95:
86:
83:
75:
65:
61:
55:
54:
48:
43:
34:
33:
30:
19:
1902:
1877:
1850:
1824:
1797:
1792:OtozÅ Yamada
1770:
1740:
1713:
1690:WW2 Database
1689:
1676:
1663:
1633:
1614:
1602:. Retrieved
1588:
1565:
1562:Kershaw, Ian
1543:
1540:Keegan, John
1521:
1512:
1491:
1470:
1446:
1424:
1403:
1381:
1358:Japan portal
1332:
1325:
1320:
1313:
1309:
1297:. Retrieved
1283:
1273:
1261:
1249:
1237:
1225:
1213:
1206:Kershaw 2008
1201:
1194:
1189:
1182:
1178:
1152:
1148:
1139:
1113:
1089:
1064:
1058:October 2019
1055:
1036:
1008:Fuchū, Tokyo
993:
982:
967:
959:
955:
924:
903:
899:adding to it
894:
878:World War II
865:
854:
838:
827:
809:
791:
789:
774:
769:
755:
726:
671:
641:family from
636:
634:
619:
610:
599:Please help
594:verification
591:
555:
549:
538:
510:
509:
496:World War II
472:Battles/wars
445:
369:Tokyo, Japan
365:(1945-09-12)
320:Succeeded by
264:
243:Succeeded by
208:
196:Succeeded by
140:
78:
69:
50:
29:
18:Gen Sugiyama
1937:1945 deaths
1932:1880 births
1837:TÅjÅ Hideki
1735:TÅjÅ Hideki
1254:Wright 1989
1218:Keegan 2002
1171:Kanski 2018
1106:Tucker 2001
1050:introducing
970:Hideki TÅjÅ
798:Sadao Araki
781:coup-d'etat
779:, a failed
686:Philippines
563:Hideki Tojo
325:Hideki Tojo
308:Preceded by
298:Hideki Tojo
236:Hideki Tojo
231:Preceded by
184:Preceded by
64:introducing
1926:Categories
1889:Hayao Tada
1266:Adams 1994
1242:Adams 1994
1033:references
1014:References
393:Allegiance
47:references
1825:Chief of
743:in 1922.
698:Subic Bay
690:Singapore
550:Upon the
432:1901â1945
265:In office
209:In office
141:In office
72:July 2020
1564:(2008).
1542:(2002).
1469:(1999).
1445:(1992).
1402:(2001).
859:and the
696:base at
556:de facto
454:Commands
1324:Frank,
1046:improve
770:TÅseiha
733:colonel
684:to the
661:in the
638:samurai
274:Monarch
150:Monarch
60:improve
1640:
1621:
1595:
1572:
1550:
1528:
1500:
1477:
1455:
1431:
1412:
1388:
1290:
1035:, but
810:KÅdÅha
793:KÅdÅha
768:, the
643:Kokura
447:Gensui
420:
402:
374:Awards
346:Kokura
49:, but
1344:Books
1314:Ibid.
1193:Bix,
1183:Ibid.
1153:Ibid.
1081:Notes
1006:, in
702:major
354:Japan
278:ShÅwa
154:ShÅwa
1766:none
1638:ISBN
1619:ISBN
1606:2022
1593:ISBN
1570:ISBN
1548:ISBN
1526:ISBN
1498:ISBN
1475:ISBN
1453:ISBN
1429:ISBN
1410:ISBN
1386:ISBN
1301:2022
1288:ISBN
847:..
712:and
688:and
517:æå±± å
437:Rank
360:Died
340:Born
106:æå±± å
965:.
901:.
874:.
772:.
649:),
603:by
536:.
1928::
1688:.
1675:.
1662:.
1159:^
1122:^
1098:^
1010:.
991:.
836:.
787:.
520:,
380:,
352:,
348:,
1692:.
1679:.
1666:.
1646:.
1627:.
1608:.
1578:.
1556:.
1534:.
1506:.
1483:.
1461:.
1437:.
1418:.
1394:.
1303:.
1071:)
1065:(
1060:)
1056:(
1042:.
908:)
904:(
626:)
620:(
615:)
611:(
597:.
514:(
85:)
79:(
74:)
70:(
56:.
20:)
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