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government which continued its strong support. A majority worked in health and education, the two sectors considered most appropriate for women as they are extensions of traditional women's roles. Others worked in the police, the army, and with the airlines; in government textile, ceramic, food processing, and prefab construction factories. A few worked in private industry; a few were self-employed.
24:
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displays of outrage at unfair treatment in many feminist movements, they commanded equality, and justice—guaranteeing that women be treated no lesser than men. These educated Afghan women were determined to find ways in which they may participate in the nation's reconstruction according to their interpretations of Islam's tenets—a powerful challenge the nation still currently faces.
119:
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strict restraints directly on women, the society's most sensitive component symbolizing male honor, authorities convey their intent to subordinate personal autonomy and thereby strengthen the impression that they are capable of exercising control over all aspects of social behavior, male and female.
368:
for example, used women for entertainment while they were away. When the rise of the feminist movement was in its beginning stages, activists voiced heavily the power imbalance between men and women. Activists described the hierarchal structure that was set in place centuries ago and argued, not to
363:
Gender roles in the Afghan nation have followed defined paths for centuries. Male prerogatives reside in family economic welfare, politics, and relationships with outsiders; within the family, they are expected to be disciplinarians and providers. The earliest known recorded history from the Afghan
219:
Thirty years after 1959, women, most from urban backgrounds, functioned in the public arena with dignity, with no loss of honor to themselves or their families. Nevertheless, family pressures, traditional attitudes, and religious opposition continued to impose constraints that limited the degree to
305:
living lives of unremitting labor, valued by men solely for sexual pleasure and reproductive services is continuously changing after the rise of feminism starting in the 19th century. Among most settled rural families, women participate in agricultural work only during light harvesting periods and
326:
The current revival of conservative attitudes toward appropriate extra-domestic roles for women and the criticism of women's visibility in public has largely impacted these professional women. Islamic texts do not delineate roles for women. What they imply is open to interpretation. During public
269:
The current zealous need to protect women's morality stems from the fact that Afghan society regards women as the perpetrators of the ideals of society. As such, they symbolize honor—of family, community, and nation—and must be controlled as well as protected to maintain moral purity. By imposing
256:
Many agree that differences between men and women exist, and should be preserved through recognized standards of behavior. Disputes over the centrality of women in society are addressed minimally. Respect for women is a notable characteristic, and few wish to destroy this esteemed status nor deny
171:
Modern-day
Afghanistan adheres to the underlying principles of gender that were made during pre-colonial times. And because of rigid cultural norms, there are standards placed upon women for what is accepted female behavior, as well as differences in male attitudes toward the correct treatment of
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Although statistics indicate that by 1978 women were joining the workforce in increasing numbers, only about eight percent of the female population received an income. Most of these women lived in urban centers, and the majority were professionals, technicians, and administrators employed by the
364:
people dates back to the Lodi
Dynasty in the 15th century were men fought in battles to defend their land, honor their families, and show loyalty. Women were rarely acknowledged during these times because it was believed that women were of lesser importance. Men, during these battles, like the
342:
more positively and question male maturity and self-control. In reality, the differences between private and public behavior are significant. In private, there is a noticeable sharing of ideas and responsibilities and in many households, individual charisma and strength of character surmount
300:
The status and power of women increase as she moves from child to bride to mother to grandmother. A successful marriage with many sons is the principal goal of Afghan women, wholeheartedly shared by Afghan men. Women's nurturing roles are crucial. However, this does not imply that women are
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A family's social position depends on the public behavior of its female members. Stepping outside prescribed roles and behavioral norms in public results in moral condemnation and social ostracism. The dictates of society place a burden on both men and women to conform.
285:(acceptable male guardians such as father, brother son, and any other male with whom a woman may not marry). These restrictions severely limit women's activities, including access to education and employment outside the home. Many are largely confined to their homes.
281:, literally meaning a curtain), including veiling, is the most visible manifestation of this attitude. This concept includes an insistence on separate spaces for men and women and proscriptions against interactions between the sexes outside the
261:
values. The argument rages over definitions of precisely what constitutes honorable behavior for women in terms of modern realities, especially in light of today's monumental reconstruction needs which demand full participation from every
239:(struggle) against foreign encroachment, both military and ideological, were imbued with the belief that sexual anarchy and social ruin would result if women continued to move freely in public. These attitudes intensified under the
180:, the other functioning canon which emphasizes equality, justice, education, and community service for both men and women. Further, the dictates of Islam are themselves subject to diverse interpretations among reformists and
247:
from strongly patriarchal backgrounds, the
Taliban projected ultraconservative interpretations of Islam and apply customary practices as societal ideals. In 1996, gender issues were again at the center of heated debate.
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women care for young lambs and kids and make a wide variety of dairy products, for sale as well as family use. They spin the wool sheared by men and weave the fabric from which their tents are made. Felt-making for
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disregard it, but to modernize it to the standards of today's world. Many openly discussed how societal standards of women have altered how women were to be portrayed in their daily lives and in media.
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precludes responsible behavior. Consequently, women are untrustworthy and must be kept behind the curtain so as not to disrupt the social order. The need for their isolation, therefore, is paramount.
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conventional subordinate roles. Even moral misconduct can be largely overlooked until it becomes a matter of public knowledge. Then punishment must be severe for males and
1967:
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Such restrictions are deemed necessary by conservative males because they consider women socially immature, with less moral control and physical restraint; women's
527:, Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2021. | Series: Routledge advances in feminist studies and intersectionality: Routledge, pp. 167–177,
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612:"A History of Women in Afghanistan: Lessons Learnt for the Future or Yesterdays and Tomorrow: Women in Afghanistan. Journal of International Women's Studies"
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coverings and household rugs is also a female activity. When on the move, it is the women who put up and take down the tents. The variations are endless.
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are responsible for the production of milk products. Some specialize in handicrafts such as carpet and felt making. In contrast,
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were encouraged to assume more assertive public roles, this evolutionary movement came to a halt in 1978. Conservative
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that states a
Knowledge (XXG) editor's personal feelings or presents an original argument about a topic.
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women. Contradictions arise between traditional customary practices, many of which impinge on the
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automatically enfranchised women and guaranteed them the right to education and freedom to work.
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Women of
Afghanistan in the Post-Taliban Era: How Lives Have Changed and Where They Stand Today
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579:"One step forward and many to the side: Combating gender violence in Afghanistan, 2001–2014"
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480:"The (in)security of gender in Afghanistan's peacebuilding project: hybridity and affect"
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Gender and
International Aid in Afghanistan: The Politics and Effects of Intervention
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women plow the fields while the men herd the flocks and process the dairy products.
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Gender reform was central to the contentious issues which brought about the fall of
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women are models of reticence in public and rural women appear submissive.
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restricted to domestic work. The stereotyping of Afghan women as
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in 1929. In 1959, the male-oriented government of Prime
Minister
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which women could find self-expression and control their lives.
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17:
665:"Post-Conflict Reconstruction and Women in the Muslim World"
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personal reflection, personal essay, or argumentative essay
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Deny, attack, and reverse victim and offender (DARVO)
439:"Gender and Employment in Rural Afghanistan, 2003—5"
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637:"Gender in the Middle East: Islam State, Agency"
1968:Power and Control: Domestic Violence in America
2176:Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society
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296:Roles for Women During the Feminist Movements
199:and the end of seclusion for women. The 1964
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2221:National Coalition Against Domestic Violence
50:introducing citations to additional sources
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705:The Women of Afghanistan Under the Taliban
641:JSTOR, Annual Review of Sociology, vol. 37
484:International Feminist Journal of Politics
402:International Feminist Journal of Politics
159:Learn how and when to remove this message
1513:Effects of domestic violence on children
616:Journal of International Women's Studies
398:"Women as 'Practitioners' and 'Targets'"
40:Relevant discussion may be found on the
195:supported the voluntary removal of the
1795:Domestic violence in Christian culture
561:
478:Partis-Jennings, Hannah (March 2017).
7:
1800:Domestic violence in Islamic culture
1250:Sexual violence by intimate partners
443:Journal of Asian and African Studies
1230:Genital modification and mutilation
710:Afghan Women: Identity and Invasion
583:Women's Studies International Forum
396:Dyvik, Synne Laastad (2013-04-08).
379:Women in agriculture in Afghanistan
2226:National Domestic Violence Hotline
14:
2169:Journal of Interpersonal Violence
347:must be vindicated. As a result,
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577:Wimpelmann, Torunn (July 2015).
117:
33:relies largely or entirely on a
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1563:Management of domestic violence
1447:Domestic violence and pregnancy
1278:Domestic violence and pregnancy
215:Kabul Faculty of Medicine 1970s
176:and are alien to the spirit of
2616:British Indian Ocean Territory
1066:British Indian Ocean Territory
519:Rahman, Farhana (2020-12-29),
437:Maletta, Hector (April 2008).
1:
2685:Women's rights in Afghanistan
2183:Trauma, Violence, & Abuse
2091:What's Love Got to Do with It
1523:Parental bullying of children
1503:Adverse childhood experiences
1442:Domestic violence against men
496:10.1080/14616742.2017.1279418
384:Women's rights in Afghanistan
61:"Gender roles in Afghanistan"
1487:Social emotional development
635:Charrad M., Mounira (2011).
525:Subaltern Women’s Narratives
414:10.1080/14616742.2013.779139
2141:Contemporary Family Therapy
1390:Passive-aggressive behavior
1303:Situational couple violence
663:Ismael, Jacqueline (2011).
331:Private and Public Behavior
257:what Islam enjoins or what
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1553:Domestic violence hotlines
1477:Parental abuse by children
610:Ahmed-Ghosh, Huma (2003).
595:10.1016/j.wsif.2014.11.007
2644:
1954:The Conspiracy of Silence
1533:Stress in early childhood
1457:Intimate partner violence
1370:Major depressive disorder
1180:Abusive power and control
1094:
521:"Survival and resilience"
2365:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
2162:Journal of Family Issues
1293:Murder of pregnant women
815:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
568:: CS1 maint: location (
533:10.4324/9781003121220-15
455:10.1177/0021909607087219
2626:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
2257:Domestic violence court
2077:Sleeping with the Enemy
1076:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
366:First Battle of Panipat
2252:Battered woman defense
2190:Violence Against Women
1573:Prevention initiatives
1482:Same-sex relationships
1240:Birth control sabotage
1185:Conflict tactics scale
669:Arab Studies Quarterly
227:where women under the
216:
139:by rewriting it in an
2690:Gender in Afghanistan
1245:Reproductive coercion
214:
2540:United Arab Emirates
2049:Looking for Angelina
990:United Arab Emirates
750:Gender roles in Asia
46:improve this article
2567:limited recognition
1961:Defending Our Lives
1848:Nicola Graham-Kevan
1518:Narcissistic parent
1345:Emotional blackmail
1017:limited recognition
252:Background of Women
2216:ManKind Initiative
2063:One Minute to Nine
2056:Once Were Warriors
1823:Jacquelyn Campbell
1395:Setting up to fail
1385:Narcissistic abuse
683:– via JSTOR.
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128:is written like a
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235:leaders waging a
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2000:American Tragedy
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63: –
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57:Find sources:
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36:
35:single source
31:This article
29:
25:
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19:
16:
2605:Dependencies
2535:Turkmenistan
2500:Saudi Arabia
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2019:
2012:
2005:
1998:
1980:
1973:
1966:
1959:
1952:
1947:A Better Man
1945:
1853:Denise Hines
1744:South Africa
1739:Saudi Arabia
1558:Duluth model
1437:Bride-buying
1410:Verbal abuse
1360:Intimidation
1235:Marital rape
1200:Epidemiology
1055:Dependencies
985:Turkmenistan
950:Saudi Arabia
764:
675:(1): 23–43.
672:
668:
652:. Retrieved
640:
624:. Retrieved
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615:
586:
582:
554:, retrieved
524:
487:
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362:
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345:family honor
338:views their
336:Afghan women
334:
325:
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268:
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218:
201:Constitution
186:
170:
155:
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127:
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68:
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32:
15:
2664:Asia portal
2565:States with
2485:Philippines
2425:South Korea
2420:North Korea
2315:Afghanistan
2211:Gulabi Gang
2133:Periodicals
1992:Other films
1914:Erin Pizzey
1909:Ellen Pence
1749:South Korea
1719:Philippines
1679:New Zealand
1508:Child abuse
1452:Elder abuse
1355:Gaslighting
1340:Humiliation
1283:Dowry death
1268:Acid attack
1114:Asia portal
1015:States with
935:Philippines
875:South Korea
870:North Korea
765:Afghanistan
626:October 17,
589:: 101–109.
2679:Categories
2545:Uzbekistan
2520:Tajikistan
2435:Kyrgyzstan
2415:Kazakhstan
2335:Bangladesh
2325:Azerbaijan
2084:Submission
2021:Bordertown
1899:Anne Cools
1889:Sarah Buel
1754:Tajikistan
1609:Bangladesh
1546:Prevention
1375:Mind games
995:Uzbekistan
970:Tajikistan
885:Kyrgyzstan
865:Kazakhstan
785:Bangladesh
775:Azerbaijan
654:October 6,
556:2022-12-13
390:References
223:Except in
149:March 2011
102:March 2011
72:newspapers
2631:Hong Kong
2585:Palestine
2510:Sri Lanka
2505:Singapore
2385:Indonesia
2035:Daughters
1872:Activists
1816:Academics
1674:Lithuania
1604:Australia
1589:Argentina
1365:Isolation
1081:Hong Kong
1035:Palestine
960:Sri Lanka
955:Singapore
835:Indonesia
622:(3): 1–14
603:0277-5395
551:229430115
512:151505745
504:1461-6742
471:145692375
463:0021-9096
430:142361870
422:1461-6742
340:sexuality
308:Nuristani
283:mahrammat
266:citizen.
233:mujahidin
193:Daud Khan
182:Islamists
42:talk page
2654:Category
2575:Abkhazia
2525:Thailand
2480:Pakistan
2460:Mongolia
2455:Maldives
2450:Malaysia
2350:Cambodia
2070:Provoked
1788:Religion
1759:Thailand
1709:Paraguay
1699:Pakistan
1634:Colombia
1496:Children
1472:Misogyny
1467:Misandry
1405:Stalking
1321:Bullying
1260:Physical
1104:Category
1025:Abkhazia
975:Thailand
930:Pakistan
910:Mongolia
905:Maldives
900:Malaysia
800:Cambodia
681:41858645
649:41288625
564:citation
373:See also
2550:Vietnam
2465:Myanmar
2445:Lebanon
2375:Georgia
2330:Bahrain
2320:Armenia
2236:Respect
2014:Blinded
1809:Experts
1724:Romania
1689:Nigeria
1639:Ecuador
1614:Bolivia
1599:Albania
1594:Armenia
1582:Country
1462:Lesbian
1423:Victims
1380:Nagging
1170:Outline
1163:General
1000:Vietnam
915:Myanmar
895:Lebanon
825:Georgia
780:Bahrain
770:Armenia
312:Nomadic
303:chattel
279:Persian
245:Pushtun
241:Taliban
207:History
135:Please
86:scholar
2595:Taiwan
2530:Turkey
2495:Russia
2430:Kuwait
2410:Jordan
2400:Israel
2360:Cyprus
2345:Brunei
2340:Bhutan
2231:Refuge
2042:Enough
1769:Uganda
1764:Turkey
1729:Russia
1704:Panama
1694:Norway
1684:Norway
1664:Mexico
1649:Guyana
1619:Brazil
1430:Adults
1222:Sexual
1045:Taiwan
980:Turkey
945:Russia
880:Kuwait
860:Jordan
850:Israel
810:Cyprus
795:Brunei
790:Bhutan
679:
647:
601:
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539:
510:
502:
469:
461:
428:
420:
275:purdah
264:Afghan
88:
81:
74:
67:
59:
2636:Macau
2555:Yemen
2515:Syria
2490:Qatar
2470:Nepal
2405:Japan
2380:India
2370:Egypt
2355:China
2245:Legal
2101:Books
1932:Media
1734:Samoa
1669:Kenya
1654:India
1644:Ghana
1629:China
1624:Chile
1214:Forms
1175:Abuse
1086:Macau
1005:Yemen
965:Syria
940:Qatar
920:Nepal
855:Japan
830:India
820:Egypt
805:China
694:Books
677:JSTOR
645:JSTOR
547:S2CID
508:S2CID
467:S2CID
426:S2CID
349:urban
237:jihad
225:Kabul
178:Islam
93:JSTOR
79:books
2475:Oman
2440:Laos
2395:Iraq
2390:Iran
1714:Peru
1659:Iran
1298:Sati
925:Oman
890:Laos
845:Iraq
840:Iran
656:2022
628:2022
599:ISSN
570:link
537:ISBN
500:ISSN
459:ISSN
418:ISSN
317:yurt
229:PDPA
197:veil
65:news
2607:and
1057:and
591:doi
529:doi
492:doi
451:doi
410:doi
359:Men
48:by
2681::
673:33
671:.
667:.
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639:.
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566:}}
562:{{
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412::
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104:)
100:(
90:·
83:·
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52:.
38:.
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