218:. An organ, or part of an organ, in the pelvis is said to be "above the pelvic pain line" if it is in contact with the peritoneum, except in the case of the large intestine, where the pelvic pain line is said to be located in the middle of the sigmoid colon. GVA fibers from structures above the pain line follow the course of the sympathetic efferent fibers, and GVA fibers from structures below the pain line follow the course of the parasympathetic efferents. Pain from the latter fibers is less likely to be consciously experienced.
29:
205:
The only GVA nerves in the abdomen that do not follow the above pathway are those that innervate structures in the distal half of the sigmoid colon and the rectum. These afferent fibers, instead, follow the path of parasympathetic efferent fibers back to the vertebral column, where the afferent
172:
In the abdomen, general visceral afferent fibers usually accompany sympathetic efferent fibers. This means that a signal traveling in an afferent fiber will begin at sensory receptors in the afferent fiber's target organ, travel up to the ganglion where the sympathetic efferent fiber synapses,
189:, and finally move into the mixed spinal nerve between the division of the rami and the division of the roots of the spinal nerve. The GVA pathway then diverges from the sympathetic efferent pathway, which follows the ventral root into the spinal column, by following the dorsal root into the
197:
of the visceral afferent nerve is located. Finally, the signal continues along the dorsal root from the dorsal root ganglion to a region of gray matter in the dorsal horn of the spinal column where it is transmitted via a synapse to a neuron in the
439:
Lundberg, J. M. (March 1996). "Pharmacology of cotransmission in the autonomic nervous system: integrative aspects on amines, neuropeptides, adenosine triphosphate, amino acids and nitric oxide".
151:
Generally, they are insensitive to cutting, crushing or burning; however, excessive tension in smooth muscle and some pathological conditions produce
492:
102:, but 'visceral nervous system' and 'autonomic nervous system' are not direct synonyms and care should be taken when using these terms. Unlike the
423:
397:
328:
300:
1311:
55:
This image merely depicts pathways in a schematic fashion – it is not anatomically correct. The efferent sympathetics exit in a loop.
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42:
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111:
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1121:
1056:
684:
214:
The course of GVA fibers from organs in the pelvis, in general, depends on the organ's position relative to the
1051:
777:
343:
Mehta, Samir et al. Step-Up: A High-Yield, Systems-Based Review for the USMLE Step 1. Baltimore, MD: LWW, 2003.
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For many of these visceral afferents, their endings in the periphery and in the spinal cord contain
1241:
1086:
1081:
616:
549:
94:, glands, and blood vessels to the central nervous system. They are considered to be part of the
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182:
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137:
122:
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1103:
1016:
897:
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fibers enter the S2-S4 sensory (dorsal root) ganglia followed by the spinal cord.
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conduct sensory impulses (usually pain or reflex sensations) from the
868:
823:
588:
28:
470:
1061:
907:
474:
355:
Gray's anatomy : the anatomical basis of clinical practice
238:, specifically in the sympathetic portion of these fibres.
230:
and other neuropeptides of the tachykinin family, such as
323:. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 34–35.
1227:
1168:
1161:
1097:
1027:
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888:
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392:Baltimore: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 180.
21:
418:. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 220.
295:. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 635.
33:Scheme showing pathways of a typical spinal nerve.
486:
53:6,7. Autonomic nervous system (ANS) afferent.
8:
314:
312:
1165:
885:
878:
689:
584:
514:
493:
479:
471:
409:
407:
405:
390:Essential Clinical Anatomy: Third Edition.
384:
382:
27:
416:Essential Clinical Anatomy, Third Edition
321:Essential Clinical Anatomy, Third Edition
293:Essential Clinical Anatomy, Third Edition
283:
388:Moore, K.L., & Agur, A.M. (2007).
65:
18:
106:of the autonomic nervous system, the
7:
140:that contain GVA fibers include the
16:Part of the visceral nervous system
98:, which is closely related to the
14:
414:Moore, Keith; Anne Agur (2007).
319:Moore, Keith; Anne Agur (2007).
291:Moore, Keith; Anne Agur (2007).
22:General visceral afferent fibers
657:Oligodendrocyte progenitor cell
271:Special visceral afferent fiber
248:General visceral efferent fiber
127:general somatic afferent fibers
265:Special somatic afferent fiber
259:General somatic afferent fiber
1:
110:are not classified as either
767:Postganglionic nerve fibers
177:from the ganglion into the
1328:
762:Preganglionic nerve fibers
129:where the two meet in the
1312:Peripheral nervous system
1272:Olfactory receptor neuron
936:Neurofibril/neurofilament
353:Susan, Standring (2016).
80:general visceral afferent
60:
26:
100:autonomic nervous system
441:Pharmacological Reviews
187:white ramus communicans
96:visceral nervous system
1219:Neuromuscular junction
1082:III or Aδ or fast pain
200:central nervous system
173:continue back along a
142:glossopharyngeal nerve
62:Anatomical terminology
131:posterior grey column
1237:Meissner's corpuscle
1202:Postsynaptic density
1099:Efferent nerve fiber
1087:IV or C or slow pain
1029:Afferent nerve fiber
855:Satellite glial cell
191:dorsal root ganglion
49:Sympathetic efferent
1242:Merkel nerve ending
1277:Photoreceptor cell
1247:Pacinian corpuscle
1178:Electrical synapse
1132:Lower motor neuron
1127:Upper motor neuron
848:Internodal segment
788:Connective tissues
758:Autonomic ganglion
121:GVA fibers create
1299:
1298:
1295:
1294:
1262:Free nerve ending
1229:Sensory receptors
1157:
1156:
1072:Ib or Golgi or Aα
980:
979:
863:
862:
740:Ramus communicans
679:
678:
675:
674:
545:Commissural fiber
540:Association fiber
535:Projection fibers
425:978-0-7817-6274-8
398:978-0-7817-6274-8
330:978-0-7817-6274-8
302:978-0-7817-6274-8
222:Neurotransmitters
179:sympathetic trunk
76:
75:
71:
1319:
1192:Synaptic vesicle
1187:Chemical synapse
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886:
879:
690:
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344:
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288:
216:pelvic pain line
175:splanchnic nerve
144:(CN IX) and the
68:edit on Wikidata
43:Somatic afferent
37:Somatic efferent
31:
19:
1327:
1326:
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1318:
1317:
1316:
1302:
1301:
1300:
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1223:
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1102:
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1077:II or Aβ and Aγ
1032:
1023:
976:
966:Apical dendrite
961:Dendritic spine
940:
902:
872:
859:
843:Node of Ranvier
838:Myelin incisure
810:
782:
671:
662:Oligodendrocyte
645:Ependymal cells
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116:parasympathetic
108:afferent fibers
104:efferent fibers
92:internal organs
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1287:Taste receptor
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1257:Muscle spindle
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1252:Ruffini ending
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1214:Ribbon synapse
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1038:
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1034:Sensory neuron
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1024:
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1002:Pseudounipolar
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970:Basal dendrite
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921:Axon terminals
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773:Nerve fascicle
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502:Nervous tissue
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447:(1): 113–178.
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181:, move into a
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138:cranial nerves
125:by activating
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1147:γ motorneuron
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1142:β motorneuron
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1137:α motorneuron
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364:9780702052309
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254:Referred pain
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249:
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183:ventral ramus
180:
176:
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157:referred pain
154:
153:visceral pain
149:
147:
143:
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123:referred pain
119:
117:
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97:
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89:
85:
81:
69:
63:
59:
50:
44:
38:
30:
25:
20:
1182:Gap junction
1104:Motor neuron
898:Axon hillock
874:nerve fibers
828:Schwann cell
738:
721:
699:
617:Medium spiny
530:White matter
518:Tissue Types
444:
440:
434:
415:
389:
354:
348:
339:
320:
292:
286:
236:neurokinin B
232:neurokinin A
225:
213:
204:
193:, where the
171:
150:
135:
120:
87:
83:
79:
77:
1197:Active zone
1162:Termination
1012:Interneuron
916:Telodendron
824:Myelination
806:Endoneurium
801:Perineurium
622:Interneuron
612:Von Economo
560:Decussation
555:Nerve tract
525:Grey matter
228:substance P
146:vagus nerve
112:sympathetic
1267:Nociceptor
1007:Multipolar
956:Nissl body
833:Neurilemma
796:Epineurium
581:Cell Types
278:References
1282:Hair cell
816:Neuroglia
778:Funiculus
667:Microglia
640:Astrocyte
597:Pyramidal
550:Lemniscus
453:0031-6997
373:920806541
195:cell body
1306:Category
1067:Ia or Aα
997:Unipolar
946:Dendrite
931:Axolemma
926:Axoplasm
710:Ganglion
650:Tanycyte
602:Purkinje
589:Neuronal
572:Meninges
567:Neuropil
242:See also
148:(CN X).
1209:Autapse
1170:Synapse
1017:Renshaw
992:Bipolar
869:Neurons
722:Ventral
693:General
607:Granule
461:8685245
168:Abdomen
163:Pathway
47:3,4,5.
1062:fibers
700:Dorsal
459:
451:
422:
396:
371:
361:
327:
299:
210:Pelvis
185:via a
88:fibers
985:Types
882:Parts
751:White
732:Ramus
715:Ramus
632:Glial
273:(SVA)
267:(SSA)
261:(GSA)
250:(GVE)
66:[
908:Axon
890:Soma
746:Gray
727:Root
705:Root
457:PMID
449:ISSN
420:ISBN
394:ISBN
369:OCLC
359:ISBN
325:ISBN
297:ISBN
234:and
136:The
78:The
1122:SVE
1117:GVE
1112:GSE
1057:SVA
1052:SSA
1047:GVA
1042:GSA
685:PNS
510:CNS
159:).
114:or
84:GVA
41:2.
35:1.
1308::
826::
455:.
445:48
443:.
404:^
381:^
367:.
357:.
311:^
202:.
133:.
118:.
86:)
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760:(
494:e
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155:(
82:(
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51:.
45:.
39:.
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