490:
1124:
by the doctor", had the same deep structure. The difference in surface structures arises from the application of the passivization transformation, which was assumed to not affect meaning. This assumption was challenged in the 1960s by the discovery of examples such as "Everyone in the room knows two languages" and "Two languages are known by everyone in the room".
38:
1123:
to another level of representation called surface structure. The semantic interpretation of a sentence was represented by its deep structure, while the surface structure provided its pronunciation. For example, an active sentence such as "The doctor examined the patient" and "The patient was examined
870:
even though the examples which they encounter could have been generated by a simpler rule that targets linear order. In other words, children seem to ignore the possibility that the question rule is as simple as "switch the order of the first two words" and immediately jump to alternatives that
831:
In general, performance-based explanations deliver a simpler theory of grammar at the cost of additional assumptions about memory and parsing. As a result, the choice between a competence-based explanation and a performance-based explanation for a given phenomenon is not always obvious and can
925:
In day-to-day research, the notion that universal grammar exists motivates analyses in terms of general principles. As much as possible, facts about particular languages are derived from these general principles rather than from language-specific stipulations.
682:
Generative grammar is an umbrella term for a variety of approaches to linguistics. What unites these approaches is the goal of uncovering the cognitive basis of language by formulating and testing explicit models of humans' subconscious grammatical knowledge.
879:. This is taken as evidence that children are born knowing that grammatical rules involve hierarchical structure, even though they have to figure out what those rules are. The empirical basis of poverty of the stimulus arguments has been challenged by
741:
proposed that the two constructions are derived from the same underlying structure. By adopting this hypothesis, he was able to capture the restrictions on tags with a single rule. This kind of reasoning is commonplace in generative research.
1079:, and that it arose recently in humans as the result of a random genetic mutation. Generative-inspired biolinguistics has not uncovered any particular genes responsible for language. While some prospects were raised at the discovery of the
769:. Competence is the collection of subconscious rules that one knows when one knows a language; performance is the system which puts these rules to use. This distinction is related to the broader notion of
722:
where grammatical patterns are often described more loosely. These models are intended to be parsimonious, capturing generalizations in the data with as few rules as possible. For example, because
English
3417:
1340:...generative grammar is not so much a theory as a family or theories, or a school of thought... shared assumptions and goals, widely used formal devices, and generally accepted empirical results
851:
A major goal of generative research is to figure out which aspects of linguistic competence are innate and which are not. Within generative grammar, it is generally accepted that at least some
2680:
3098:
815:
sentences like one in (2). According to such explanations, the grammar of
English could in principle generate such sentences, but doing so in practice is so taxing on
910:
holds that humans are born with a universal set of constraints, and that all variation arises from differences in how these constraints are ranked. In a 2002 paper,
3567:
836:
by positing constraints within the grammar, it has also been argued that some or all of these constraints are in fact the result of limitations on performance.
1088:, there is not enough support for the idea that it is 'the grammar gene' or that it had much to do with the relatively recent emergence of syntactical speech.
3000:
832:
require investigating whether the additional assumptions are supported by independent evidence. For example, while many generative models of syntax explain
2673:
3221:
695:. Thus, research in the generative tradition involves formulating and testing hypotheses about the mental processes that allow humans to use language.
3075:
3682:
3377:
3054:
2887:
2666:
3090:
2649:
2473:
2327:
2273:
2222:
2156:
1484:
1395:
1367:
517:
3291:
2812:
1148:
967:
407:
3397:
3282:
3143:
3105:
2902:
1865:
1606:
1542:
1504:
1415:
1320:
1011:
894:
Within generative grammar, there are a variety of theories about what universal grammar consists of. One notable hypothesis proposed by
3662:
3603:
3231:
2827:
1940:
1703:
1672:
1583:
1456:
1746:(2013). "Deriving competing predictions from grammatical approaches and reductionist approaches to island effects". In Sprouse, Jon;
541:
basis of language by formulating and testing explicit models of humans' subconscious grammatical knowledge. Generative linguists, or
3261:
2498:
2356:
1842:
1644:
3498:
3652:
2995:
2980:
1056:
3774:
3585:
3153:
2856:
1205:, and others showed that the key insights of Montague Grammar could be incorporated into more syntactically plausible systems.
1010:
Semantics studies the rule systems that determine expressions' meanings. Within generative grammar, semantics is a species of
367:
2099:"Revisiting the poverty of the stimulus: hierarchical generalization without a hierarchical bias in recurrent neural networks"
145:
3692:
3427:
3311:
1234:
840:
608:
427:
372:
2625:
934:
Research in generative grammar spans a number of subfields. These subfields are also studied in non-generative approaches.
3794:
3202:
1132:
959:
867:
655:
402:
93:
3672:
978:
Phonology studies the rule systems which organize linguistic sounds. For example, research in phonology includes work on
3632:
3478:
3183:
2873:
2798:
1163:
855:
aspects are innate, and the term "universal grammar" is often used as a placeholder for whichever those turn out to be.
347:
213:
31:
3752:
866:
in
English. This argument starts from the observation that children only make mistakes compatible with rules targeting
3784:
2970:
1660:
781:
770:
467:
173:
1774:
607:
aspects of grammar are partly innate in humans. These assumptions are rejected in non-generative approaches such as
3047:
2866:
1144:
963:
3193:
2791:
872:
703:
510:
457:
357:
183:
3387:
2943:
2938:
1116:
888:
839:
Non-generative approaches often do not posit any distinction between competence and performance. For instance,
651:
362:
305:
120:
3024:
Any language in each category is generated by a grammar and by an automaton in the category in the same line.
1181:
Semantics emerged as a subfield of generative linguistics during the late 1970s, with the pioneering work of
1139:. In the aftermath of those disputes, a variety of other generative models of syntax were proposed including
3594:
3211:
2060:
1175:
859:
792:
462:
300:
277:
2586:
898:
holds that the fundamental syntactic operations are universal and that all variation arises from different
3367:
2954:
2892:
2817:
2565:
1974:
1269:
1189:
which consisted of interpretation rules mapping expressions from a bespoke model of syntax to formulas of
951:
766:
699:
671:
647:
600:
412:
379:
332:
248:
228:
208:
110:
88:
83:
3789:
3612:
3458:
3334:
3241:
3163:
3040:
2897:
2845:
2658:
2098:
1214:
899:
876:
762:
750:
714:
Generative grammar proposes models of language consisting of explicit rule systems, which make testable
596:
188:
2372:
Scharff C, Haesler S (December 2005). "An evolutionary perspective on FoxP2: strictly for the birds?".
2546:
Newmeyer, F. J. (1986). Has there been a 'Chomskyan revolution' in linguistics?. Language, 62(1), p.13
3558:
3407:
3324:
3301:
3133:
2990:
2965:
2822:
2783:
1807:(2013). "Islands in the grammar? Standards of evidence". In Sprouse, Jon; Hornstein, Norbert (eds.).
1275:
1254:
1249:
1219:
1060:
987:
884:
811:
By contrast, generative theories generally provide performance-based explanations for the oddness of
628:
503:
432:
342:
223:
168:
65:
2570:
1119:. In transformational grammar, rules called transformations mapped a level of representation called
1112:. Military funding to generative research was an important factor in its early spread in the 1960s.
3357:
3347:
922:
proposed that universal grammar consists solely of the capacity for hierarchical phrase structure.
719:
273:
203:
178:
150:
3528:
489:
3468:
3251:
2975:
2917:
2861:
2468:. Oxford Series in the Evolution of Language. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 135–149.
2397:
1259:
1244:
1239:
1140:
1136:
991:
955:
796:
667:
659:
493:
472:
442:
397:
352:
310:
198:
193:
862:
arguments. For example, one famous poverty of the stimulus argument concerns the acquisition of
773:
used in other cognitive sciences, with competence corresponding to Marr's computational level.
3508:
3173:
3082:
2710:
2645:
2494:
2469:
2446:
2389:
2352:
2323:
2269:
2218:
2180:
2152:
2128:
2056:
1936:
1902:(1999). "Linguistic universals and universal grammar". In Wilson, Robert; Keil, Frank (eds.).
1838:
1747:
1699:
1668:
1640:
1579:
1480:
1452:
1391:
1363:
1190:
1171:
1096:
As a distinct research tradition, generative grammar began in the late 1950s with the work of
999:
919:
907:
692:
663:
624:
337:
315:
258:
3779:
3576:
3339:
3316:
2959:
2912:
2879:
2725:
2436:
2428:
2381:
2298:
2246:
2192:
2124:
2079:
2064:
2038:
2004:
1907:
1876:
1812:
1785:
1755:
1617:
1553:
1515:
1426:
1331:
1224:
1186:
1182:
1128:
1108:
which themselves had older roots, for instance in the work of the ancient Indian grammarian
1044:
1015:
833:
812:
777:
734:
548:
437:
268:
263:
238:
233:
218:
1723:
3712:
3642:
2922:
2837:
2804:
2720:
2693:
2689:
2610:
Chomsky, Noam. 1965. Aspects of the theory of syntax. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press.
2417:"Evo-devo, deep homology and FoxP2: implications for the evolution of speech and language"
2289:
Baroni, Mario; Maguire, Simon; Drabkin, William (1983). "The
Concept of Musical Grammar".
880:
863:
852:
724:
636:
604:
776:
For example, generative theories generally provide competence-based explanations for why
2617:. In I. M. Roca (ed.), Logical Issues in Language Acquisition, 85–136. Foris, Dordrecht.
30:"Standard Theory" redirects here. For the theory of Ancient Egyptian verbal syntax, see
3488:
2933:
2715:
2697:
2441:
2416:
2317:
2026:
1899:
1743:
1301:
1229:
1202:
1194:
1120:
1072:
1052:
995:
903:
891:
architectures are able to learn hierarchical structure without an explicit constraint.
816:
715:
632:
282:
1775:"On the nature of island constraints I: Language processing and reductionist accounts"
1131:
of the late 1960s and early 1970s, Chomsky developed a revised model of syntax called
1109:
3768:
3733:
3720:
3533:
3518:
3448:
3018:
2638:
2250:
2238:
2210:
1992:
1959:
1911:
1472:
1383:
1355:
1101:
789:
785:
746:
745:
Particular theories within generative grammar have been expressed using a variety of
727:
2401:
3063:
2621:
2344:
2176:
2022:
1963:
1830:
1167:
1105:
1097:
1048:
1040:
911:
731:
643:
325:
115:
2196:
2183:(2002). "The faculty of language: what is it, who has it, and how did it evolve".
1880:
1621:
1335:
1816:
1789:
1759:
1296:
2985:
2907:
2832:
2172:
1928:
1691:
1571:
1444:
979:
915:
895:
738:
534:
477:
452:
73:
2385:
1967:
1557:
1519:
1430:
1198:
1019:
447:
130:
42:
2464:
Diller, Karl C.; Cann, Rebecca L. (2009). Rudolf Botha; Chris Knight (eds.).
2640:
I-language: An
Introduction to Linguistics as Cognitive Science, 2nd edition
1861:
1602:
1538:
1500:
1411:
1316:
1155:
1076:
943:
620:
616:
538:
422:
417:
253:
243:
135:
125:
17:
2556:
Partee, Barbara (2011). "Formal semantics: Origins, issues, early impact".
2450:
2432:
2393:
2106:
Proceedings of the 40th Annual
Conference of the Cognitive Science Society
2083:
2042:
1995:; Nakayama, Mineharu (1987). "Structure dependence in grammar formation".
998:
elements. Within generative grammar, a prominent approach to phonology is
1804:
1023:
1022:
of sentences are computed on the basis of the meanings of the individual
983:
2466:
Evidence
Against a Genetic-Based Revolution in Language 50,000 Years Ago
2558:
The Baltic
International Yearbook of Cognition, Logic and Communication
1264:
820:
37:
2514:
Koerner, E. F. K. (1978). "Towards a historiography of linguistics".
947:
906:. On the other hand, a strong hypothesis adopted in some variants of
612:
140:
942:
Syntax studies the rule systems which combine smaller units such as
698:
Like other approaches in linguistics, generative grammar engages in
2302:
2008:
2948:
1081:
986:
can be combined, as well as those that determine the placement of
1075:
has proposed that universal grammar consists solely of syntactic
2528:
Bloomfield, Leonard, 1929, 274; cited in Rogers, David, 1987, 88
1085:
800:
57:, both of which break down into additional smaller constituents.
3036:
3032:
2662:
858:
The idea that at least some aspects are innate is motivated by
843:
assume that grammatical patterns arise as the result of usage.
2119:
Gallego, Ángel (2012). "Parameters". In Boeckx, Cedric (ed.).
2029:(2002). "Empirical assessment of stimulus poverty arguments".
563:
611:. Generative linguistics includes work in core areas such as
3017:
Each category of languages, except those marked by a , is a
2615:
Nativist and functional explanations in language acquisition
2594:
The art and craft of semantics: A Festschrift for Irene Heim
2241:(1999). "Phonology". In Wilson, Robert; Keil, Frank (eds.).
1856:
1854:
642:
Generative grammar began in the late 1950s with the work of
788:
because the rules of
English only generate sentences where
566:
557:
554:
954:. Within generative syntax, prominent approaches include
827:(2) *The cat that the dog that the man fed chased meowed.
595:), tend to share certain working assumptions such as the
578:
572:
1597:
1595:
2516:
2065:"Empirical re-assessment of stimulus poverty arguments"
1170:. In the 1990s, this approach was largely replaced by
646:, though its roots include earlier approaches such as
2585:
Crnič, Luka; Pesetsky, David; Sauerland, Uli (2014).
2097:
McCoy, R. Thomas; Frank, Robert; Linzen, Tal (2018).
1954:
1952:
1533:
1531:
1529:
887:
literature. Recent work has also suggested that some
650:. The earliest version of Chomsky's model was called
587:
581:
560:
1115:
The initial version of generative syntax was called
883:
and others, leading to back-and-forth debate in the
584:
575:
569:
3744:
3704:
3623:
3547:
3439:
3273:
3124:
3115:
1717:
1715:
1174:, which was able to capture generalizations called
749:, many of which are modifications or extensions of
551:
3663:Distorted Morality – America's War on Terror?
2637:
3633:Manufacturing Consent: Noam Chomsky and the Media
631:, with additional extensions to topics including
1837:. Edinburgh University Press. pp. 108–111.
1686:
1684:
1178:which needed to be stipulated in SPE phonology.
1968:"The Argument from the Poverty of the Stimulus"
1871:. In Aronoff, Mark; Ress-Miller, Janie (eds.).
1725:Psychological background to linguistic theories
1612:. In Aronoff, Mark; Ress-Miller, Janie (eds.).
1548:. In Aronoff, Mark; Ress-Miller, Janie (eds.).
1510:. In Aronoff, Mark; Ress-Miller, Janie (eds.).
1421:. In Aronoff, Mark; Ress-Miller, Janie (eds.).
1326:. In Aronoff, Mark; Ress-Miller, Janie (eds.).
784:. In these explanations, the sentence would be
691:Generative grammar studies language as part of
3262:New Horizons in the Study of Language and Mind
2243:The MIT encyclopedia of the cognitive sciences
1904:The MIT encyclopedia of the cognitive sciences
1780:. In Sprouse, Jon; Hornstein, Norbert (eds.).
1637:Grammatical competence and parsing performance
730:obey the same restrictions that second person
662:. Other present-day generative models include
3048:
2674:
2142:
2140:
2138:
1894:
1892:
1890:
1698:. Oxford University Press. pp. 4–7, 17.
511:
8:
3568:Chomsky's Universal Grammar: An Introduction
2121:The Oxford Handbook of Linguistic Minimalism
1803:Hofmeister, Philip; Staum Casasanto, Laura;
780:speakers would judge the sentence in (1) as
3653:Power and Terror: Noam Chomsky in Our Times
2996:Counter-free (with aperiodic finite monoid)
1923:
1921:
1578:. Oxford University Press. pp. 14–15.
1350:
1348:
1154:Generative phonology originally focused on
1059:, which formalized and extended ideas from
761:Generative grammar generally distinguishes
3222:The Logical Structure of Linguistic Theory
3121:
3055:
3041:
3033:
2706:
2681:
2667:
2659:
1935:. Oxford University Press. pp. 8–11.
1639:. University of Chicago Press. p. 2.
518:
504:
60:
3683:Peace, Propaganda & the Promised Land
2592:. In Crnič, Luka; Sauerland, Uli (eds.).
2569:
2440:
1047:since the 1980s. One notable approach is
3378:The Prosperous Few and the Restless Many
2421:Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci
1979:The Oxford Handbook of Universal Grammar
1425:. Blackwell. pp. 295–296, 299–300.
36:
2129:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199549368.013.0023
1451:. Oxford University Press. p. 14.
1288:
1039:Generative grammar has been applied to
72:
2888:Linear context-free rewriting language
2316:Lerdahl, Fred; Ray Jackendoff (1983).
1835:Cognitive Linguistics: An Introduction
1809:Experimental syntax and island effects
1782:Experimental syntax and island effects
1752:Experimental syntax and island effects
654:, with subsequent iterations known as
3091:Colorless green ideas sleep furiously
2813:Linear context-free rewriting systems
2636:Isac, Daniela; Charles Reiss (2013).
2264:Irene Heim; Angelika Kratzer (1998).
1100:. However, its roots include earlier
603:distinction and the notion that some
7:
3292:American Power and the New Mandarins
1722:Dillon, Brian; Momma, Shota (2021),
1390:. Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 4–6, 8.
1185:. Montague proposed a system called
1149:Head-driven phrase structure grammar
968:Head-driven phrase structure grammar
718:predictions. This is different from
408:Conservative and innovative language
3673:Noam Chomsky: Rebel Without a Pause
3398:Objectivity and Liberal Scholarship
3283:The Responsibility of Intellectuals
3144:Current Issues in Linguistic Theory
2349:Why Only Us: Language and Evolution
1071:Recent work in generative-inspired
807:(1) *That cats is eating the mouse.
3604:The Cambridge Companion to Chomsky
3232:Lectures on Government and Binding
3021:of the category directly above it.
2587:"Introduction: Biographical Notes"
2493:. Academic Press. pp. 17–18.
2319:A Generative Theory of Tonal Music
1933:Core syntax: A minimalist approach
1696:Core syntax: A minimalist approach
1576:Core syntax: A minimalist approach
1449:Core syntax: A minimalist approach
25:
2518:. John Benjamins. pp. 21–54.
2215:Syntax: A Generative Introduction
1477:Syntax: A Generative Introduction
1388:Syntax: A Generative Introduction
1360:Syntax: A Generative Introduction
27:Research tradition in linguistics
2415:Scharff C, Petri J (July 2011).
1881:10.1002/9780470756409.ch12}
1622:10.1002/9780470756409.ch12}
1514:. Blackwell. pp. 295, 297.
1336:10.1002/9780470756409.ch12}
1330:. Blackwell. pp. 296, 311.
1158:, in a system commonly known as
1057:Generative theory of tonal music
819:that the sentence ends up being
547:
488:
3586:Noam Chomsky: A Life of Dissent
3499:9-11: Was There An Alternative?
3154:Aspects of the Theory of Syntax
2266:Semantics in generative grammar
2245:. MIT Press. pp. 639–641.
2217:. Wiley-Blackwell. p. 25.
1906:. MIT Press. pp. 476–478.
1616:. Blackwell. pp. 297–298.
1552:. Blackwell. pp. 298–300.
1026:and their syntactic structure.
49:breaks down into a noun phrase
3428:Requiem for the American Dream
3312:Counter-Revolutionary Violence
2251:10.7551/mitpress/4660.003.0026
1912:10.7551/mitpress/4660.001.0001
1811:. Cambridge University Press.
1784:. Cambridge University Press.
1754:. Cambridge University Press.
1479:. Wiley-Blackwell. p. 8.
1362:. Wiley-Blackwell. p. 5.
1235:Functional theories of grammar
841:usage-based models of language
609:usage-based models of language
1:
3693:Is the Man Who Is Tall Happy?
3203:Conditions on Transformations
2197:10.1126/science.298.5598.1569
1135:, which eventually grew into
1133:Government and binding theory
960:Government and binding theory
757:Competence versus performance
656:Government and binding theory
3184:The Sound Pattern of English
2491:Linguistic Theory in America
2489:Newmeyer, Frederick (1986).
1817:10.1017/CBO9781139035309.004
1790:10.1017/CBO9781139035309.005
1760:10.1017/CBO9781139035309.002
1742:Sprouse, Jon; Wagers, Matt;
1164:The Sound Pattern of English
348:Functional discourse grammar
214:Ethnography of communication
32:Standard Theory (Egyptology)
2644:. Oxford University Press.
2123:. Oxford University Press.
1873:The Handbook of Linguistics
1635:Pritchett, Bradley (1992).
1614:The Handbook of Linguistics
1550:The Handbook of Linguistics
1512:The Handbook of Linguistics
1423:The Handbook of Linguistics
1328:The Handbook of Linguistics
847:Innateness and universality
710:Explicitness and generality
533:is a research tradition in
468:Second-language acquisition
3811:
2903:Deterministic context-free
2828:Deterministic context-free
2537:Hockett, Charles, 1987, 41
2386:10.1016/j.conb.2005.10.004
1981:. Oxford University Press.
1875:. Blackwell. p. 299.
1558:10.1002/9780470756409.ch12
1520:10.1002/9780470756409.ch12
1431:10.1002/9780470756409.ch12
1145:Lexical-functional grammar
964:Lexical-functional grammar
946:into larger units such as
146:Syntax–semantics interface
29:
3194:Remarks on Nominalization
3070:
3014:
2976:Nondeterministic pushdown
2704:
1833:; Green, Melanie (2006).
1667:. MIT Press. p. 28.
1302:Dictionary.com Unabridged
982:rules which govern which
537:that aims to explain the
458:Philosophy of linguistics
358:Interactional linguistics
3728:Valeria Wasserman (wife)
3388:World Orders Old and New
1773:Phillips, Colin (2013).
1117:transformational grammar
889:recurrent neural network
652:Transformational grammar
3753:Chomsky–Foucault debate
3595:The Anti-Chomsky Reader
3212:Reflections on Language
2626:"What do linguists do?"
2151:. Wiley. pp. 1–3.
2149:Doing optimality theory
2147:McCarthy, John (1992).
902:-specifications in the
860:poverty of the stimulus
704:linguistic prescription
3775:Generative linguistics
3368:Letters from Lexington
3252:The Minimalist Program
2981:Deterministic pushdown
2857:Recursively enumerable
2433:10.1098/rstb.2011.0001
1305:(Online). August 2024.
1270:Phrase structure rules
868:hierarchical structure
767:linguistic performance
700:linguistic description
672:Tree-adjoining grammar
648:structural linguistics
295:Theoretical frameworks
249:Philosophy of language
229:History of linguistics
58:
45:in which the sentence
3613:The Kingdom of Speech
3459:Middle East Illusions
3335:Manufacturing Consent
3242:Knowledge of Language
3164:Cartesian Linguistics
2374:Curr. Opin. Neurobiol
2084:10.1515/tlir.19.1-2.9
2072:The Linguistic Review
2043:10.1515/tlir.19.1-2.9
2031:The Linguistic Review
1215:Cognitive linguistics
1193:. Subsequent work by
763:linguistic competence
751:context free grammars
189:Conversation analysis
40:
3795:Cognitive musicology
3408:Hegemony or Survival
3325:The Fateful Triangle
3302:For Reasons of State
3134:Syntactic Structures
2966:Tree stack automaton
1866:"Generative Grammar"
1607:"Generative Grammar"
1543:"Generative Grammar"
1505:"Generative Grammar"
1416:"Generative Grammar"
1321:"Generative Grammar"
1276:Syntactic Structures
1255:Generative semantics
1250:Generative principle
1220:Cognitive revolution
1162:after the 1968 book
1061:Schenkerian analysis
885:language acquisition
799:of their associated
629:language acquisition
433:Internet linguistics
343:Construction grammar
3358:Deterring Democracy
3348:Necessary Illusions
3106:Political positions
2874:range concatenation
2799:range concatenation
2613:Hurford, J. (1990)
2268:. Wiley-Blackwell.
1104:approaches such as
720:traditional grammar
368:Systemic functional
163:Applied linguistics
105:General linguistics
3785:Grammar frameworks
3469:Imperial Ambitions
2181:Fitch, W. Tecumseh
2057:Legate, Julie Anne
1748:Hornstein, Norbert
1260:Generative systems
1245:Generative metrics
1240:Generative lexicon
1141:relational grammar
1018:models of how the
797:grammatical number
668:Categorial grammar
660:Minimalist program
531:Generative grammar
473:Theory of language
443:Origin of language
398:Autonomy of syntax
353:Grammaticalization
199:Discourse analysis
194:Corpus linguistics
59:
53:and a verb phrase
3762:
3761:
3543:
3542:
3509:Making the Future
3174:Language and Mind
3083:Chomsky hierarchy
3030:
3029:
3009:
3008:
2971:Embedded pushdown
2867:Context-sensitive
2792:Context-sensitive
2726:Abstract machines
2711:Chomsky hierarchy
2651:978-0-19-953420-3
2475:978-0-19-954586-5
2427:(1574): 2124–40.
2343:Berwick, Robert;
2329:978-0-262-62107-6
2275:978-0-631-19713-3
2224:978-0-631-22543-0
2158:978-1-4051-5136-8
1486:978-0-631-22543-0
1397:978-0-631-22543-0
1369:978-0-631-22543-0
1191:intensional logic
1172:Optimality theory
1000:Optimality Theory
920:W. Tecumseh Fitch
908:Optimality Theory
693:cognitive science
687:Cognitive science
664:Optimality theory
625:psycholinguistics
528:
527:
316:Distributionalism
259:Psycholinguistics
16:(Redirected from
3802:
3755:
3737:
3729:
3724:
3716:
3697:
3687:
3677:
3667:
3657:
3647:
3637:
3616:
3607:
3598:
3589:
3580:
3577:Decoding Chomsky
3571:
3562:
3536:
3523:
3513:
3503:
3493:
3483:
3473:
3463:
3453:
3432:
3422:
3412:
3402:
3392:
3382:
3372:
3362:
3352:
3342:
3340:Edward S. Herman
3329:
3319:
3317:Edward S. Herman
3306:
3296:
3286:
3266:
3256:
3246:
3236:
3226:
3216:
3206:
3197:
3188:
3178:
3168:
3158:
3148:
3138:
3122:
3108:
3101:
3099:Honorary degrees
3094:
3085:
3078:
3057:
3050:
3043:
3034:
3025:
3022:
2986:Visibly pushdown
2960:Thread automaton
2908:Visibly pushdown
2876:
2833:Visibly pushdown
2801:
2788:(no common name)
2707:
2694:formal languages
2683:
2676:
2669:
2660:
2655:
2643:
2632:
2630:
2598:
2597:
2591:
2582:
2576:
2575:
2573:
2553:
2547:
2544:
2538:
2535:
2529:
2526:
2520:
2519:
2511:
2505:
2504:
2486:
2480:
2479:
2461:
2455:
2454:
2444:
2412:
2406:
2405:
2369:
2363:
2362:
2340:
2334:
2333:
2313:
2307:
2306:
2286:
2280:
2279:
2261:
2255:
2254:
2235:
2229:
2228:
2207:
2201:
2200:
2169:
2163:
2162:
2144:
2133:
2132:
2116:
2110:
2109:
2103:
2094:
2088:
2087:
2078:(1–2): 151–162.
2069:
2053:
2047:
2046:
2019:
2013:
2012:
1989:
1983:
1982:
1972:
1956:
1947:
1946:
1925:
1916:
1915:
1896:
1885:
1884:
1870:
1858:
1849:
1848:
1827:
1821:
1820:
1800:
1794:
1793:
1779:
1770:
1764:
1763:
1739:
1733:
1732:
1730:
1719:
1710:
1709:
1688:
1679:
1678:
1657:
1651:
1650:
1632:
1626:
1625:
1611:
1599:
1590:
1589:
1568:
1562:
1561:
1547:
1535:
1524:
1523:
1509:
1497:
1491:
1490:
1469:
1463:
1462:
1441:
1435:
1434:
1420:
1408:
1402:
1401:
1380:
1374:
1373:
1352:
1343:
1342:
1325:
1313:
1307:
1306:
1293:
1225:Digital infinity
1187:Montague grammar
1183:Richard Montague
1129:Linguistics wars
1012:formal semantics
864:yes-no questions
813:center embedding
594:
593:
590:
589:
586:
583:
580:
577:
574:
571:
568:
565:
562:
559:
556:
553:
520:
513:
506:
492:
438:LGBT linguistics
428:Internationalism
403:Compositionality
264:Sociolinguistics
239:Neurolinguistics
234:Interlinguistics
219:Ethnomethodology
61:
21:
3810:
3809:
3805:
3804:
3803:
3801:
3800:
3799:
3765:
3764:
3763:
3758:
3751:
3740:
3732:
3727:
3723:(deceased wife)
3719:
3713:William Chomsky
3711:
3700:
3690:
3680:
3670:
3660:
3650:
3643:Last Party 2000
3640:
3630:
3619:
3610:
3601:
3592:
3583:
3574:
3565:
3556:
3549:
3539:
3526:
3516:
3506:
3496:
3486:
3476:
3466:
3456:
3446:
3435:
3425:
3415:
3405:
3395:
3385:
3375:
3365:
3355:
3345:
3332:
3322:
3309:
3299:
3289:
3280:
3269:
3259:
3249:
3239:
3229:
3219:
3209:
3200:
3191:
3181:
3171:
3161:
3151:
3141:
3131:
3117:
3111:
3104:
3097:
3088:
3081:
3074:
3066:
3061:
3031:
3026:
3023:
3016:
3010:
3005:
2927:
2871:
2850:
2796:
2777:
2700:
2698:formal grammars
2690:Automata theory
2687:
2652:
2635:
2628:
2620:
2607:
2605:Further reading
2602:
2601:
2589:
2584:
2583:
2579:
2571:10.1.1.826.5720
2555:
2554:
2550:
2545:
2541:
2536:
2532:
2527:
2523:
2513:
2512:
2508:
2501:
2488:
2487:
2483:
2476:
2463:
2462:
2458:
2414:
2413:
2409:
2371:
2370:
2366:
2359:
2342:
2341:
2337:
2330:
2315:
2314:
2310:
2288:
2287:
2283:
2276:
2263:
2262:
2258:
2237:
2236:
2232:
2225:
2209:
2208:
2204:
2171:
2170:
2166:
2159:
2146:
2145:
2136:
2118:
2117:
2113:
2101:
2096:
2095:
2091:
2067:
2055:
2054:
2050:
2027:Scholz, Barbara
2021:
2020:
2016:
1991:
1990:
1986:
1970:
1958:
1957:
1950:
1943:
1927:
1926:
1919:
1900:Pesetsky, David
1898:
1897:
1888:
1868:
1860:
1859:
1852:
1845:
1829:
1828:
1824:
1802:
1801:
1797:
1777:
1772:
1771:
1767:
1744:Phillips, Colin
1741:
1740:
1736:
1728:
1721:
1720:
1713:
1706:
1690:
1689:
1682:
1675:
1659:
1658:
1654:
1647:
1634:
1633:
1629:
1609:
1601:
1600:
1593:
1586:
1570:
1569:
1565:
1545:
1537:
1536:
1527:
1507:
1499:
1498:
1494:
1487:
1471:
1470:
1466:
1459:
1443:
1442:
1438:
1418:
1410:
1409:
1405:
1398:
1382:
1381:
1377:
1370:
1354:
1353:
1346:
1323:
1315:
1314:
1310:
1295:
1294:
1290:
1285:
1211:
1166:by Chomsky and
1121:deep structures
1094:
1069:
1037:
1032:
1008:
976:
940:
932:
881:Geoffrey Pullum
877:tree structures
853:domain-specific
849:
759:
712:
689:
680:
637:music cognition
605:domain-specific
550:
546:
524:
483:
482:
393:
385:
384:
296:
288:
287:
283:Writing systems
174:Anthropological
164:
156:
155:
106:
98:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3808:
3806:
3798:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3767:
3766:
3760:
3759:
3757:
3756:
3748:
3746:
3742:
3741:
3739:
3738:
3730:
3725:
3717:
3708:
3706:
3702:
3701:
3699:
3698:
3688:
3678:
3668:
3658:
3648:
3638:
3627:
3625:
3621:
3620:
3618:
3617:
3608:
3599:
3590:
3581:
3572:
3563:
3553:
3551:
3545:
3544:
3541:
3540:
3538:
3537:
3524:
3514:
3504:
3494:
3489:Gaza in Crisis
3484:
3474:
3464:
3454:
3443:
3441:
3437:
3436:
3434:
3433:
3423:
3413:
3403:
3393:
3383:
3373:
3363:
3353:
3343:
3330:
3320:
3307:
3297:
3287:
3277:
3275:
3271:
3270:
3268:
3267:
3257:
3247:
3237:
3227:
3217:
3207:
3198:
3189:
3179:
3169:
3159:
3149:
3139:
3128:
3126:
3119:
3113:
3112:
3110:
3109:
3102:
3095:
3086:
3079:
3071:
3068:
3067:
3062:
3060:
3059:
3052:
3045:
3037:
3028:
3027:
3015:
3012:
3011:
3007:
3006:
3004:
3003:
3001:Acyclic finite
2998:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2951:Turing Machine
2946:
2944:Linear-bounded
2941:
2936:
2934:Turing machine
2930:
2928:
2926:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2893:Tree-adjoining
2890:
2885:
2882:
2877:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2853:
2851:
2849:
2848:
2843:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2818:Tree-adjoining
2815:
2810:
2807:
2802:
2794:
2789:
2786:
2780:
2778:
2776:
2775:
2772:
2769:
2766:
2763:
2760:
2757:
2754:
2751:
2748:
2745:
2742:
2739:
2736:
2732:
2729:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2705:
2702:
2701:
2688:
2686:
2685:
2678:
2671:
2663:
2657:
2656:
2650:
2633:
2618:
2611:
2606:
2603:
2600:
2599:
2577:
2548:
2539:
2530:
2521:
2506:
2499:
2481:
2474:
2456:
2407:
2380:(6): 694–703.
2364:
2357:
2335:
2328:
2308:
2303:10.2307/854248
2297:(2): 175–208.
2291:Music Analysis
2281:
2274:
2256:
2239:Clements, Nick
2230:
2223:
2211:Carnie, Andrew
2202:
2164:
2157:
2134:
2111:
2089:
2048:
2014:
2009:10.2307/415004
1993:Crain, Stephen
1984:
1960:Lasnik, Howard
1948:
1942:978-0199243709
1941:
1917:
1886:
1850:
1843:
1822:
1795:
1765:
1734:
1731:(Course notes)
1711:
1705:978-0199243709
1704:
1680:
1674:978-0262514620
1673:
1652:
1645:
1627:
1591:
1585:978-0199243709
1584:
1563:
1525:
1492:
1485:
1473:Carnie, Andrew
1464:
1458:978-0199243709
1457:
1436:
1403:
1396:
1384:Carnie, Andrew
1375:
1368:
1356:Carnie, Andrew
1344:
1308:
1297:"Generativist"
1287:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1280:
1279:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1230:Formal grammar
1227:
1222:
1217:
1210:
1207:
1203:Tanya Reinhart
1195:Barbara Partee
1093:
1090:
1073:biolinguistics
1068:
1067:Biolinguistics
1065:
1053:Ray Jackendoff
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1007:
1004:
996:suprasegmental
975:
972:
939:
936:
931:
928:
848:
845:
834:island effects
829:
828:
817:working memory
809:
808:
790:demonstratives
758:
755:
747:formal systems
711:
708:
688:
685:
679:
676:
633:biolinguistics
526:
525:
523:
522:
515:
508:
500:
497:
496:
485:
484:
481:
480:
475:
470:
465:
463:Prescriptivism
460:
455:
450:
445:
440:
435:
430:
425:
420:
415:
410:
405:
400:
394:
391:
390:
387:
386:
383:
382:
377:
376:
375:
370:
365:
360:
355:
350:
345:
340:
330:
329:
328:
323:
318:
313:
308:
297:
294:
293:
290:
289:
286:
285:
280:
271:
266:
261:
256:
251:
246:
241:
236:
231:
226:
221:
216:
211:
206:
201:
196:
191:
186:
181:
176:
171:
165:
162:
161:
158:
157:
154:
153:
148:
143:
138:
133:
128:
123:
118:
113:
107:
104:
103:
100:
99:
97:
96:
91:
86:
80:
77:
76:
70:
69:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3807:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3772:
3770:
3754:
3750:
3749:
3747:
3743:
3735:
3734:Aviva Chomsky
3731:
3726:
3722:
3721:Carol Chomsky
3718:
3714:
3710:
3709:
3707:
3703:
3695:
3694:
3689:
3685:
3684:
3679:
3675:
3674:
3669:
3665:
3664:
3659:
3655:
3654:
3649:
3645:
3644:
3639:
3635:
3634:
3629:
3628:
3626:
3622:
3615:
3614:
3609:
3606:
3605:
3600:
3597:
3596:
3591:
3588:
3587:
3582:
3579:
3578:
3573:
3570:
3569:
3564:
3561:
3560:
3555:
3554:
3552:
3546:
3535:
3532:(2015), with
3531:
3530:
3525:
3521:
3520:
3515:
3511:
3510:
3505:
3501:
3500:
3495:
3491:
3490:
3485:
3481:
3480:
3479:Interventions
3475:
3471:
3470:
3465:
3461:
3460:
3455:
3451:
3450:
3449:Class Warfare
3445:
3444:
3442:
3438:
3430:
3429:
3424:
3420:
3419:
3418:Failed States
3414:
3410:
3409:
3404:
3400:
3399:
3394:
3390:
3389:
3384:
3380:
3379:
3374:
3370:
3369:
3364:
3360:
3359:
3354:
3350:
3349:
3344:
3341:
3338:(1988), with
3337:
3336:
3331:
3327:
3326:
3321:
3318:
3315:(1973), with
3314:
3313:
3308:
3304:
3303:
3298:
3294:
3293:
3288:
3284:
3279:
3278:
3276:
3272:
3264:
3263:
3258:
3254:
3253:
3248:
3244:
3243:
3238:
3234:
3233:
3228:
3224:
3223:
3218:
3214:
3213:
3208:
3204:
3199:
3195:
3190:
3186:
3185:
3180:
3176:
3175:
3170:
3166:
3165:
3160:
3156:
3155:
3150:
3146:
3145:
3140:
3136:
3135:
3130:
3129:
3127:
3123:
3120:
3114:
3107:
3103:
3100:
3096:
3092:
3087:
3084:
3080:
3077:
3073:
3072:
3069:
3065:
3058:
3053:
3051:
3046:
3044:
3039:
3038:
3035:
3020:
3019:proper subset
3013:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2931:
2929:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2875:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2854:
2852:
2847:
2846:Non-recursive
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2800:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2781:
2779:
2773:
2770:
2767:
2764:
2761:
2758:
2755:
2752:
2749:
2746:
2743:
2740:
2737:
2734:
2733:
2731:
2730:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2708:
2703:
2699:
2695:
2691:
2684:
2679:
2677:
2672:
2670:
2665:
2664:
2661:
2653:
2647:
2642:
2641:
2634:
2627:
2623:
2622:Marantz, Alec
2619:
2616:
2612:
2609:
2608:
2604:
2595:
2588:
2581:
2578:
2572:
2567:
2563:
2559:
2552:
2549:
2543:
2540:
2534:
2531:
2525:
2522:
2517:
2510:
2507:
2502:
2500:0-12-517152-8
2496:
2492:
2485:
2482:
2477:
2471:
2467:
2460:
2457:
2452:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2434:
2430:
2426:
2422:
2418:
2411:
2408:
2403:
2399:
2395:
2391:
2387:
2383:
2379:
2375:
2368:
2365:
2360:
2358:9780262034241
2354:
2351:. MIT Press.
2350:
2346:
2345:Chomsky, Noam
2339:
2336:
2331:
2325:
2322:. MIT Press.
2321:
2320:
2312:
2309:
2304:
2300:
2296:
2292:
2285:
2282:
2277:
2271:
2267:
2260:
2257:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2234:
2231:
2226:
2220:
2216:
2212:
2206:
2203:
2198:
2194:
2191:: 1569–1579.
2190:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2177:Chomsky, Noam
2174:
2168:
2165:
2160:
2154:
2150:
2143:
2141:
2139:
2135:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2115:
2112:
2107:
2100:
2093:
2090:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2066:
2062:
2061:Yang, Charles
2058:
2052:
2049:
2044:
2040:
2037:(1–2): 9–50.
2036:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2023:Pullum, Geoff
2018:
2015:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1988:
1985:
1980:
1976:
1969:
1965:
1964:Lidz, Jeffrey
1961:
1955:
1953:
1949:
1944:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1924:
1922:
1918:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1895:
1893:
1891:
1887:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1867:
1863:
1862:Wasow, Thomas
1857:
1855:
1851:
1846:
1844:0-7486-1832-5
1840:
1836:
1832:
1831:Vyvyan, Evans
1826:
1823:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1799:
1796:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1776:
1769:
1766:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1738:
1735:
1727:
1726:
1718:
1716:
1712:
1707:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1687:
1685:
1681:
1676:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1656:
1653:
1648:
1646:0-226-68442-3
1642:
1638:
1631:
1628:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1608:
1604:
1603:Wasow, Thomas
1598:
1596:
1592:
1587:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1567:
1564:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1544:
1540:
1539:Wasow, Thomas
1534:
1532:
1530:
1526:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1506:
1502:
1501:Wasow, Thomas
1496:
1493:
1488:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1468:
1465:
1460:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1440:
1437:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1417:
1413:
1412:Wasow, Thomas
1407:
1404:
1399:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1379:
1376:
1371:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1351:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1322:
1318:
1317:Wasow, Thomas
1312:
1309:
1304:
1303:
1298:
1292:
1289:
1282:
1278:
1277:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1212:
1208:
1206:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1179:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1160:SPE Phonology
1157:
1156:rewrite rules
1152:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1125:
1122:
1118:
1113:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1102:structuralist
1099:
1091:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1083:
1078:
1074:
1066:
1064:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1034:
1029:
1027:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1016:compositional
1013:
1005:
1003:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
985:
981:
973:
971:
969:
965:
961:
957:
953:
949:
945:
937:
935:
929:
927:
923:
921:
917:
913:
909:
905:
901:
897:
892:
890:
886:
882:
878:
874:
869:
865:
861:
856:
854:
846:
844:
842:
837:
835:
826:
825:
824:
822:
818:
814:
806:
805:
804:
802:
798:
794:
791:
787:
786:ungrammatical
783:
779:
774:
772:
771:Marr's levels
768:
764:
756:
754:
752:
748:
743:
740:
736:
733:
729:
728:tag questions
726:
721:
717:
709:
707:
705:
701:
696:
694:
686:
684:
677:
675:
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
640:
638:
634:
630:
626:
622:
618:
614:
610:
606:
602:
598:
592:
544:
543:generativists
540:
536:
532:
521:
516:
514:
509:
507:
502:
501:
499:
498:
495:
491:
487:
486:
479:
476:
474:
471:
469:
466:
464:
461:
459:
456:
454:
451:
449:
446:
444:
441:
439:
436:
434:
431:
429:
426:
424:
421:
419:
416:
414:
413:Descriptivism
411:
409:
406:
404:
401:
399:
396:
395:
389:
388:
381:
380:Structuralism
378:
374:
371:
369:
366:
364:
363:Prague circle
361:
359:
356:
354:
351:
349:
346:
344:
341:
339:
336:
335:
334:
331:
327:
324:
322:
319:
317:
314:
312:
309:
307:
304:
303:
302:
299:
298:
292:
291:
284:
281:
279:
275:
272:
270:
267:
265:
262:
260:
257:
255:
252:
250:
247:
245:
242:
240:
237:
235:
232:
230:
227:
225:
222:
220:
217:
215:
212:
210:
209:Documentation
207:
205:
202:
200:
197:
195:
192:
190:
187:
185:
184:Computational
182:
180:
177:
175:
172:
170:
167:
166:
160:
159:
152:
149:
147:
144:
142:
139:
137:
134:
132:
129:
127:
124:
122:
119:
117:
114:
112:
109:
108:
102:
101:
95:
92:
90:
87:
85:
82:
81:
79:
78:
75:
71:
67:
63:
62:
56:
52:
48:
44:
39:
33:
19:
3790:Noam Chomsky
3691:
3681:
3671:
3661:
3651:
3641:
3631:
3611:
3602:
3593:
3584:
3575:
3566:
3557:
3529:On Palestine
3527:
3517:
3507:
3497:
3487:
3477:
3467:
3457:
3447:
3426:
3416:
3406:
3396:
3386:
3376:
3366:
3356:
3346:
3333:
3323:
3310:
3300:
3290:
3260:
3250:
3240:
3230:
3220:
3210:
3182:
3172:
3162:
3152:
3142:
3132:
3118:bibliography
3076:Bibliography
3064:Noam Chomsky
2955:Nested stack
2898:Context-free
2823:Context-free
2784:Unrestricted
2639:
2614:
2593:
2580:
2561:
2557:
2551:
2542:
2533:
2524:
2515:
2509:
2490:
2484:
2465:
2459:
2424:
2420:
2410:
2377:
2373:
2367:
2348:
2338:
2318:
2311:
2294:
2290:
2284:
2265:
2259:
2242:
2233:
2214:
2205:
2188:
2184:
2173:Hauser, Marc
2167:
2148:
2120:
2114:
2108:: 2093–2098.
2105:
2092:
2075:
2071:
2051:
2034:
2030:
2017:
2000:
1996:
1987:
1978:
1975:Roberts, Ian
1932:
1929:Adger, David
1903:
1872:
1834:
1825:
1808:
1798:
1781:
1768:
1751:
1737:
1724:
1695:
1692:Adger, David
1664:
1655:
1636:
1630:
1613:
1575:
1572:Adger, David
1566:
1549:
1511:
1495:
1476:
1467:
1448:
1445:Adger, David
1439:
1422:
1406:
1387:
1378:
1359:
1339:
1327:
1311:
1300:
1291:
1274:
1180:
1176:conspiracies
1168:Morris Halle
1159:
1153:
1126:
1114:
1106:glossematics
1098:Noam Chomsky
1095:
1080:
1070:
1049:Fred Lerdahl
1041:music theory
1038:
1014:, providing
1009:
994:, and other
977:
941:
933:
924:
912:Noam Chomsky
893:
873:constituents
857:
850:
838:
830:
810:
775:
760:
744:
713:
702:rather than
697:
690:
681:
644:Noam Chomsky
641:
542:
530:
529:
326:Glossematics
320:
306:Constituency
278:interpreting
116:Lexicography
54:
50:
46:
18:Generativist
3676:(2003) (TV)
3624:Filmography
3550:works about
3440:Collections
3125:Linguistics
2964:restricted
1661:Marr, David
1147:(LFG), and
1020:denotations
980:phonotactic
966:(LFG), and
916:Marc Hauser
896:Hagit Borer
739:Paul Postal
735:declarative
716:falsifiable
601:performance
535:linguistics
478:Terminology
453:Orthography
373:Usage-based
274:Translating
169:Acquisition
74:Linguistics
43:syntax tree
3769:Categories
3736:(daughter)
3534:Ilan Pappé
1283:References
1199:Irene Heim
1137:Minimalism
1127:After the
1030:Extensions
956:Minimalism
871:rearrange
821:unparsable
725:imperative
678:Principles
597:competence
448:Orismology
333:Functional
321:Generative
311:Dependency
131:Pragmatics
121:Morphology
111:Diachronic
2918:Star-free
2872:Positive
2862:Decidable
2797:Positive
2721:Languages
2566:CiteSeerX
1805:Sag, Ivan
1151:(HPSG).
1077:recursion
1024:morphemes
1006:Semantics
974:Phonology
952:sentences
944:morphemes
930:Subfields
795:with the
737:tags do,
621:phonology
617:semantics
539:cognitive
423:Iconicity
418:Etymology
338:Cognitive
301:Formalist
254:Phonetics
244:Philology
136:Semantics
126:Phonology
3715:(father)
3548:Academic
3285:" (1967)
3274:Politics
3205:" (1973)
3196:" (1970)
2716:Grammars
2624:(2019).
2451:21690130
2402:11350165
2394:16266802
2347:(2015).
2213:(2002).
2063:(2002).
1997:Language
1966:(2017).
1931:(2003).
1864:(2003).
1750:(eds.).
1694:(2003).
1663:(1982).
1605:(2003).
1574:(2003).
1541:(2003).
1503:(2003).
1475:(2002).
1447:(2003).
1414:(2003).
1386:(2002).
1358:(2002).
1319:(2003).
1209:See also
1045:analysis
984:phonemes
970:(HPSG).
658:and the
224:Forensic
204:Distance
151:Typology
66:a series
64:Part of
3780:Grammar
3745:Related
3559:Chomsky
2939:Decider
2913:Regular
2880:Indexed
2838:Regular
2805:Indexed
2442:3130369
2185:Science
1977:(ed.).
1265:Parsing
1092:History
948:phrases
904:lexicon
900:feature
778:English
599:–
179:Applied
89:History
84:Outline
3705:Family
3696:(2013)
3686:(2004)
3666:(2003)
3656:(2002)
3646:(2001)
3636:(1992)
3522:(2012)
3519:Occupy
3512:(2012)
3502:(2011)
3492:(2010)
3482:(2007)
3472:(2005)
3462:(2003)
3452:(1996)
3431:(2017)
3421:(2006)
3411:(2003)
3401:(1997)
3391:(1994)
3381:(1993)
3371:(1993)
3361:(1991)
3351:(1989)
3328:(1983)
3305:(1973)
3295:(1969)
3265:(2000)
3255:(1995)
3245:(1986)
3235:(1981)
3225:(1975)
3215:(1975)
3187:(1968)
3177:(1968)
3167:(1966)
3157:(1965)
3147:(1964)
3137:(1957)
3116:Select
2991:Finite
2923:Finite
2768:Type-3
2759:Type-2
2741:Type-1
2735:Type-0
2648:
2568:
2497:
2472:
2449:
2439:
2400:
2392:
2355:
2326:
2272:
2221:
2155:
1939:
1841:
1702:
1671:
1665:Vision
1643:
1582:
1483:
1455:
1394:
1366:
1110:Pāṇini
988:stress
938:Syntax
732:future
670:, and
627:, and
613:syntax
494:Portal
392:Topics
141:Syntax
2949:PTIME
2629:(PDF)
2590:(PDF)
2398:S2CID
2102:(PDF)
2068:(PDF)
2003:(3).
1973:. In
1971:(PDF)
1869:(PDF)
1778:(PDF)
1729:(PDF)
1610:(PDF)
1546:(PDF)
1508:(PDF)
1419:(PDF)
1324:(PDF)
1082:FOXP2
1035:Music
793:agree
94:Index
2696:and
2646:ISBN
2495:ISBN
2470:ISBN
2447:PMID
2390:PMID
2353:ISBN
2324:ISBN
2270:ISBN
2219:ISBN
2153:ISBN
1937:ISBN
1839:ISBN
1700:ISBN
1669:ISBN
1641:ISBN
1580:ISBN
1481:ISBN
1453:ISBN
1392:ISBN
1364:ISBN
1086:gene
1051:and
1043:and
992:tone
950:and
918:and
801:noun
765:and
635:and
276:and
269:Text
2437:PMC
2429:doi
2425:366
2382:doi
2299:doi
2247:doi
2193:doi
2189:298
2125:doi
2080:doi
2039:doi
2005:doi
1908:doi
1877:doi
1813:doi
1786:doi
1756:doi
1618:doi
1554:doi
1516:doi
1427:doi
1332:doi
1063:.
1055:'s
875:in
782:odd
3771::
2692::
2564:.
2560:.
2445:.
2435:.
2423:.
2419:.
2396:.
2388:.
2378:15
2376:.
2293:.
2187:.
2179:;
2175:;
2137:^
2104:.
2076:18
2074:.
2070:.
2059:;
2035:18
2033:.
2025:;
2001:63
1999:.
1962:;
1951:^
1920:^
1889:^
1853:^
1714:^
1683:^
1594:^
1528:^
1347:^
1338:.
1299:.
1201:,
1197:,
1143:,
1002:.
990:,
962:,
958:,
914:,
823:.
803:.
753:.
706:.
674:.
666:,
639:.
623:,
619:,
615:,
564:ər
555:dʒ
68:on
55:VP
51:NP
41:A
3281:"
3201:"
3192:"
3093:"
3089:"
3056:e
3049:t
3042:v
2884:—
2842:—
2809:—
2774:—
2771:—
2765:—
2762:—
2756:—
2753:—
2750:—
2747:—
2744:—
2738:—
2682:e
2675:t
2668:v
2654:.
2631:.
2596:.
2574:.
2562:6
2503:.
2478:.
2453:.
2431::
2404:.
2384::
2361:.
2332:.
2305:.
2301::
2295:2
2278:.
2253:.
2249::
2227:.
2199:.
2195::
2161:.
2131:.
2127::
2086:.
2082::
2045:.
2041::
2011:.
2007::
1945:.
1914:.
1910::
1883:.
1879::
1847:.
1819:.
1815::
1792:.
1788::
1762:.
1758::
1708:.
1677:.
1649:.
1624:.
1620::
1588:.
1560:.
1556::
1522:.
1518::
1489:.
1461:.
1433:.
1429::
1400:.
1372:.
1334::
591:/
588:s
585:t
582:s
579:ɪ
576:v
573:ɪ
570:t
567:ə
561:n
558:ɛ
552:ˈ
549:/
545:(
519:e
512:t
505:v
47:S
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
