1379:(Thus, in the Architectural FORUM for March 1946, appears an advertisement beginning as follows: "Otis elevators Otis escalators." From this it is seen that the word "escalators" is used generically or descriptively and without any trademark significance just as is the word "elevators." Also, in the same magazine for January 1946, on page 184 thereof, appears the advertisement of the Otis Elevator Company with the name "OTIS," in a circle, prominently displayed near the middle of the page, beneath which is this notation in bold letters "THE MEANING OF THE OTIS TRADEMARK." Beneath this, in part, is the following: "To the millions of daily passengers on the Otis elevators and escalators, the Otis trademark or name plate means safe, convenient, energy-saving transportation. To thousands of building owners and managers, the Otis trademark means the utmost in safe, efficient economical elevator and escalator operation." It is obvious to me from this advertisement that the trademark emphasis is on the word "Otis" and its significant mark because here, again, the word "escalator" or "escalators" is written in small letters and in the same manner and same context as the word "elevator" or "elevators" which obviously has no trademark significance.)
1610:, p.512 (S.D.N.Y 1921) ("Disregarding this, however, it was too late in the autumn of 1915 to reclaim the word which had already passed into the public domain. If the consuming public had once learned to know 'Aspirin' as the accepted name for the drug, perhaps it is true that an extended course of education might have added to it some proprietary meaning, but it would be very difficult to prove that it had been done in 17 months, and in any case the plaintiff does not try to prove it. Yet, had it not been indifferent to the results of selling to the consumer, it could have protected itself just as well at the time when consumers began to buy directly as in 1915. Nothing would have been easier than to insist that the tablet makers should market the drug in small tin boxes bearing the plaintiff's name, or to take over the sale just as it did later. Instead of this, they allowed the manufacturing chemists to build up this part of the demand without regard to the trade-mark. Having made that bed, they must be content to lie in it. Hence it appears to me that nothing happening between October, 1915, and March, 1917, will serve to turn the word into a trade-mark.").
590:
619:
177:
701:
2377:
53:
150:
1510:
780:. This process typically occurs over a period of time in which a mark is not used as a trademark (i.e., where it is not used to exclusively identify the products or services of a particular business), where a mark falls into disuse entirely, or where the trademark owner does not enforce its rights through
729:
the original company has failed to prevent such use. Once it has become an appellative, the word cannot be registered any more; this is why companies try hard not to let their trademark become too common, a phenomenon that could otherwise be considered a successful move since it would mean that the
760:
rights that attach to the use or registration of the mark, as long as the mark continues to exclusively identify the owner as the commercial origin of the applicable products or services. If the mark does not perform this essential function and it is no longer possible to legally enforce rights in
947:
following the expiration of Lego's last major patents in 1978. Lego manuals and catalogs throughout the 1980s included a message imploring customers to preserve the brand name by "referring to bricks as 'LEGO Bricks or Toys', and not just 'LEGOS'." In the early 2000s, the company acquired the
845:
Trademark owners may take various steps to reduce the risk, including educating businesses and consumers on appropriate trademark use, avoiding use of their marks in a generic manner, and systematically and effectively enforcing their trademark rights. If a trademark is associated with a new
952:
in order to redirect customers to the Lego.com website and deliver a similar message. Despite these efforts, many children and adults in the United States continue to use "Legos" as the plural form of "Lego," but competing and interchangeable products, such as those manufactured by
921:(meaning 'ungoogleable') on its list of new Swedish words from 2012. The Language Council chose to remove the word to avoid a legal process, but in return wrote that "e decide together which words should be and how they are defined, used and spelled".
1005:". Although a geographical indication for specialty food or drink may be generic, it is not a trademark because it does not serve to identify exclusively a specific commercial enterprise and therefore cannot constitute a genericized trademark.
1008:
The extension of protection for geographical indications is somewhat controversial. A geographical indication may have been registered as a trademark elsewhere; for example, if "Parma Ham" was part of a trademark registered in
2406:
639:
based on a drug's chemical structure. This circumvents the problem of a trademarked name entering common use by providing a generic name as soon as a novel pharmaceutical enters the market. For example,
1071:
produced in Parma but sliced outside the Parma region. The
European Court ruled that pre-packaged ham must be produced, sliced, and packaged in Parma in order to be labeled for sale as "Parma ham".
2391:
850:, the trademark owner may also consider developing a generic term for the product to be used in descriptive contexts, to avoid inappropriate use of the "house" mark. Such a term is called a
2511:
511:
Trademark owners can inadvertently contribute to genericization by failing to provide an alternative generic name for their product or service or using the trademark in similar fashion to
671:. However, U.S. court rulings in 1918 and 1921 found the terms to be genericized, stating the company's failure to reinforce the brand's connection with their product as the reason.
1089:" to "generic" (used primarily as a common name for the product or service rather than an indication of source). Among distinctive trademarks the scale goes from strong to weak:
1496:
773:
and can be commercially exploited by anyone. Nevertheless, there exists the possibility of a trademark becoming a revocable generic term in German (and
European) trademark law.
241:
2704:
730:
company gained an exceptional recognition. An example of trademark erosion is the verb "to hoover" (used with the meaning of "vacuum cleaning"), which originated from the
1746:
1882:
539:" in multiple advertisements without any trademark significance. Therefore, trademark owners go to extensive lengths to avoid genericization and trademark erosion.
436:
2580:
2421:
901:
struck a balance between acknowledging widespread use of the verb coinage and preserving the particular search engine's association with the coinage, defining
508:. A trademark thus popularized is at risk of being challenged or revoked, unless the trademark owner works sufficiently to correct and prevent such broad use.
1282:"Under some circumstances, terms that are not originally generic can become generic over time (a process called "genericity"), and thus become unprotected."
2694:
962:
226:
1439:
1145:
695:
42:
1191:
2699:
2411:
532:
2684:
1715:
1626:
1511:"U.S. Food and Drug Administration Approves Abilify® (aripiprazole) as the First Medication for Add-On Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)"
2090:
2253:
344:
2840:
842:
Generic use of a trademark presents an inherent risk to the effective enforcement of trademark rights and may ultimately lead to genericization.
1250:
589:
682:
was genericized in the U.S. when the first competing generic version was approved by the FDA in
November 2011. In this same context, the term
2776:
2714:
2210:
302:
2761:
618:
2452:
1293:
359:
261:
1685:
2689:
740:
is an example of a brand that successfully fought trademark erosion, having managed to replace excessive use of its name with the term "
429:
1909:
70:
1942:
567:
due to a lack of alternative names in common use: as a result, consumers may not realize that the term is a brand name rather than a
1366:
932:
attempted to prevent the genericization of its core trademark through an extensive public relations campaign advising consumers to "
136:
2326:
624:
Aspirin for sale in the U.S., where the store brand can also be sold as aspirin since the trademark was ruled generic a century ago
2306:
2158:
957:, are often referred to simply as building blocks or construction blocks. The company has successfully put legal pressure on the
391:
216:
339:
117:
2709:
2595:
1002:
474:
1859:
89:
528:
422:
74:
492:, becoming so widely used for similar products or services that it is no longer associated with the trademark owner, e.g.,
2766:
2487:
2331:
1991:
1655:
854:
and is frequently used immediately after the trademark to provide a description of the product or service. For example, "
96:
2575:
1492:
2226:
877:
television commercial jingle from, "I am stuck on Band-Aids, 'cause Band-Aid's stuck on me" to "I am stuck on Band-Aid
2871:
2771:
2756:
2730:
2492:
2296:
2246:
776:
The process by which trademark rights are diminished or lost as a result of common use in the marketplace is known as
485:
756:
Whether or not a mark is popularly identified as genericized, the owner of the mark may still be able to enforce the
2835:
2605:
2321:
103:
63:
2861:
2437:
2276:
1086:
1080:
891:
246:
2502:
2482:
912:
785:
85:
1485:
1114:
not just suggesting, but actually describing the product or service yet still understood as indicating source
2590:
2457:
1772:
1170:
998:
982:
251:
221:
211:
1723:
1607:
810:
However, in highly inflected languages, a tradename may have to carry case endings in usage. An example is
2866:
2830:
2817:
2802:
2534:
2472:
2447:
2442:
2316:
2239:
789:
322:
2467:
2477:
2351:
2099:
944:
924:
Where a trademark is used generically, a trademark owner may need to take aggressive measures to retain
168:
2040:
Svensson, Anders (2024). "Orden som försvinner i tysthet" [The words that silently disappear].
1391:
176:
2633:
2565:
2519:
2462:
2416:
2311:
870:
911:
ending) as a verb meaning "use the Google search engine to obtain information on the
Internet". The
678:
in the pharmaceutical industry refers to products whose patent protection has expired. For example,
2735:
2570:
2336:
1053:
are examples of geographical indications. Compare
Russian use of "Шампанское" (= Shampanskoye) for
700:
478:
312:
1315:
2797:
2792:
2618:
2555:
2281:
1463:
1165:
1120:
having almost entirely reference to the product or service but capable of becoming "distinctive".
804:
731:
396:
1301:
977:
has experienced mixed success with preventing the genericization of their trademarked software,
484:
A trademark is prone to genericization, or "genericide", when a brand name acquires substantial
206:
186:
2180:
2016:
1693:
1277:
981:. This is shown via recurring use of "photoshop" as a noun, verb, or general adjective for all
110:
2613:
2206:
2125:
2049:
1917:
1584:
1547:
1348:
1199:
636:
547:
Genericization may be specific to certain professions and other subpopulations. For example,
2876:
2740:
2623:
2396:
1574:
1537:
1155:
1130:
1030:
885:
has gone to lengths to prevent this process, discouraging publications from using the term '
811:
761:
relation to the mark, the mark may have become generic. In many legal systems (e.g., in the
307:
1108:
having primarily trademark significance but with suggestion as to the nature of the product
725:. It happens when a trademark becomes so common that it starts being used as a common name
2812:
2807:
2638:
2628:
2401:
2361:
1827:
1336:
978:
958:
925:
897:
865:
Another common practice among trademark owners is to follow their trademark with the word
317:
158:
2092:
Monopolising Names? The
Protection of Geographical Indications in the European Community
2560:
2356:
2341:
2301:
1542:
1525:
1026:
994:
940:
568:
556:
516:
364:
327:
256:
201:
2855:
2346:
2199:
1464:"International Nonproprietary Names Programme and Classification of Medical Products"
1140:
1050:
1018:
903:
886:
821:
770:
762:
386:
281:
1566:
2524:
1849:
1819:
1102:
existing words with little if any reference to the nature of the product or service
1038:
831:
807:, unless the mark itself is possessive or plural (e.g., "Friendly's" restaurants).
741:
656:
641:
635:
are somewhat protected from genericization due to the modern practice of assigning
524:
512:
501:
470:
412:
381:
376:
349:
271:
231:
2150:
2529:
2291:
1064:
1042:
954:
718:
649:
644:, the nonproprietary name for Abilify, was well-documented since its invention.
535:
cited the company's own use of the term "escalator" alongside the generic term "
497:
371:
297:
266:
52:
1967:
1663:
1526:"Focus on Aripiprazole: A Review of its use in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry"
795:
One risk factor that may lead to genericization is the use of a trademark as a
2585:
1579:
1160:
1068:
974:
632:
560:
548:
489:
466:
31:
2053:
1921:
1352:
1223:
1203:
686:
refers to the process of a brand drug losing market exclusivity to generics.
2366:
2262:
1794:
1054:
1022:
933:
847:
816:
745:
722:
564:
552:
520:
462:
332:
276:
196:
1747:"Nokia Lumia 800 ensiesittelyssä Microsoftin Hello Helsinki! -tapahtumassa"
1588:
1551:
1415:
17:
2539:
1854:
1798:
1416:"Phoroptor® by Reichert®: Celebrating 100 Years of Making Vision Clearer"
1150:
1034:
874:
826:
757:
737:
668:
645:
536:
493:
408:
354:
191:
35:
598:
for sale in Canada, next to generic store equivalent described as "ASA (
2067:
855:
781:
766:
704:
679:
660:
595:
149:
2659:
1135:
1010:
882:
859:
800:
664:
236:
154:
1883:"Xerox Ad Pretends We Care About Its Trademark Rights to Term Xerox"
1017:, Italy, might be unable to use this name in Canada. Wines (such as
2227:
American
Proprietary Eponyms, a project by R. Krause, December 1997
1536:(3). Canadian Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry: 250–260.
2654:
1943:"Susan Williams: The Most Famous LEGO Employee That Never Existed"
1530:
Journal of the
Canadian Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
1251:"15 Product Trademarks That Have Become Victims Of Genericization"
1046:
1014:
929:
699:
505:
148:
1513:(Press release). Bristol-Myers Squibb Company. November 20, 2007.
862:-brand fasteners" for Velcro brand name hook-and-loop fasteners.
2664:
2231:
2098:(Pro Gradu). Faculty of Law, Helsinki University. Archived from
1085:
A trademark is said to fall somewhere along a scale from being "
1061:
796:
469:
that, because of its popularity or significance, has become the
2235:
1337:"Entertainment Title Duplication Cases: A Process of Evolution"
1096:
original words with no meaning as to the nature of the product
949:
46:
1001:
by third parties outside the EU by enforcing laws regarding "
858:
tissues" ("facial tissues" being the generic descriptor) or "
652:, was approved for human use under the brand name Coumadin.
610:
cid) tablets", since the trademark is still recognized there
2017:"How Mattel Is Challenging Lego's Building Brick Dominance"
481:, usually against the intentions of the trademark's owner.
2126:"'Barmy' ruling bans Asda from undercutting its Parma ham"
1067:
chain to prevent it using the description "Parma ham" on
1060:
In the 1990s, the Parma consortium successfully sued the
667:, introduced in 1898. Both were originally trademarks of
531:. In rejecting an appeal from Otis, an examiner from the
1567:"Milestone 2: Warfarin: from rat poison to clinical use"
943:
has worked to prevent the genericization of its plastic
655:
Examples of genericization before the modern system of
1947:
BrickNerd - All things LEGO and the LEGO fan community
1486:"NDA 21-436: Letter to Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd"
1013:
by a
Canadian manufacturer, then ham manufacturers in
915:
received a complaint from Google for its inclusion of
1850:"Google gets ungoogleable off Sweden's new word list"
1497:
United States
Department of Health and Human Services
30:"Genericide" redirects here. Not to be confused with
1773:"A cost effective way to protect against genericide"
2785:
2749:
2723:
2677:
2647:
2604:
2548:
2510:
2501:
2430:
2384:
2269:
77:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2198:
889:' in reference to Web searches. In 2006, both the
2179:Cornell Law School Legal Information Institute, "
1192:"Trade Names Come and Go and Now There's — Exxon"
2124:Owen, Richard; Elliott, Valerie (21 May 2003).
1524:Greenaway, Masa’il; Elbe, Dean (August 2009).
27:Common terms used to name products or services
2422:Uniform Domain-Name Dispute-Resolution Policy
2247:
1318:. European Union Intellectual Property Office
966:
916:
430:
8:
1649:
1647:
473:for, or synonymous with, a general class of
1656:"Sometimes a trademark is too 'successful'"
997:has actively sought to restrict the use of
227:Integrated circuit layout design protection
2507:
2254:
2240:
2232:
1620:
1618:
1616:
1316:"Invalidity and revocation (cancellation)"
1146:List of generic and genericized trademarks
696:List of generic and genericized trademarks
523:" was cancelled following a petition from
437:
423:
164:
43:List of generic and genericized trademarks
1578:
1541:
533:United States Patent and Trademark Office
137:Learn how and when to remove this message
1367:"Haughton Elevator Company v. Seeberger"
985:throughout the Internet and mass media.
869:to help define the word as a trademark.
663:, introduced to the market in 1897, and
1910:"Building a Legal Case, Block by Block"
1795:"Google calls in the 'language police'"
1627:"'Genericide': When brands get too big"
1182:
345:Limitations and exceptions to copyright
289:
167:
2151:"Asda slams 'ham-fisted' Parma ruling"
898:Merriam Webster Collegiate Dictionary
303:Artificial intelligence and copyright
7:
1565:Lim, Gregory B. (14 December 2017).
1484:Temple, Robert (November 15, 2002).
1245:
1243:
262:Supplementary protection certificate
75:adding citations to reliable sources
2690:International Trademark Association
2070:. Adobe. Adobe Systems Incorporated
1662:. LexisNexis Canada. Archived from
1654:Schofield, John (26 January 2017).
963:Institute for Language and Folklore
769:) a generic mark forms part of the
1722:. 3Com Corporation. Archived from
1692:. 29 November 2012. Archived from
881:, 'cause Band-Aid's stuck on me."
582:Aspirin with and without trademark
25:
1862:from the original on 17 June 2019
1745:Microsoft Oy (10 November 2011).
1294:"How Long Does a Trademark Last?"
1228:LII / Legal Information Institute
2375:
2201:Dictionary of Trade Name Origins
2159:British Broadcasting Corporation
2048:] (in Swedish). No. 3.
1992:"Please -- it's LEGO, not Legos"
1793:Duffy, Jonathan (20 June 2003).
1625:Marsden, Rhodri (10 June 2011).
1392:"The Life and Death of the Luer"
936:" instead of "xerox" documents.
617:
588:
392:Outline of intellectual property
217:Indigenous intellectual property
175:
51:
2710:Deutsches Patent- und Markenamt
2596:Protected designation of origin
1848:Fanning, Sean (26 March 2013).
1003:protected designation of origin
989:Protected designation of origin
153:A sign in a supermarket using "
62:needs additional citations for
2089:Rovamo, Oskari (August 2006).
2068:"General trademark guidelines"
1881:Carton, Bruce (30 June 2010).
1824:Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary
1300:. Hyra IP, PLC. Archived from
1190:Shenker, Israel (1972-11-20).
674:A different sense of the word
1:
2741:Unregistered trademark symbol
2576:Electronic registration marks
2183:" (last visited Feb. 3, 2024)
1828:Merriam-Webster, Incorporated
648:, originally introduced as a
1603:Bayer Co. v. United Drug Co.
1493:Food and Drug Administration
873:changed the lyrics of their
157:" generically, rather than "
2731:Registered trademark symbol
1941:Cooper, John (2023-08-18).
1466:. World Health Organization
1278:"Overview of Trademark Law"
1057:-type wine made in Russia.
340:Idea–expression distinction
2893:
2322:Initial interest confusion
2181:Abercrombie Classification
1908:Austen, Ian (2005-02-02).
1078:
693:
519:'s trademark of the word "
40:
29:
2826:
2373:
1580:10.1038/nrcardio.2017.172
1571:Nature Reviews Cardiology
1081:Trademark distinctiveness
971:from their dictionaries.
892:Oxford English Dictionary
529:Haughton Elevator Company
1276:Fisher, William (n.d.).
1075:Scale of distinctiveness
999:geographical indications
913:Swedish Language Council
2591:Geographical indication
1753:(in Finnish). Microsoft
1716:"Trademarks and Brands"
1371:The Trade-Mark Reporter
1171:Counteraction principle
907:(all lower case, with -
838:Avoiding genericization
717:, is a special case of
557:Port-a-Cath (portacath)
252:Plant genetic resources
222:Industrial design right
212:Geographical indication
2831:Category:Trademark law
2818:World Trademark Review
2803:Trademark infringement
2535:Unregistered trademark
2317:Functionality doctrine
1093:"Fanciful" or "coined"
967:
917:
790:trademark infringement
707:
515:. In one example, the
323:Criticism of copyright
247:Plant breeders' rights
162:
2566:Collective trademarks
2352:Reputation parasitism
2307:Coexistence agreement
2197:Room, Adrian (1983).
2046:The Language Magazine
1280:. Harvard Law School.
871:Johnson & Johnson
703:
553:Phoroptor (phoropter)
517:Otis Elevator Company
455:genericized trademark
169:Intellectual property
152:
2571:Defensive trademarks
2520:Registered trademark
2417:Community Trade Mark
2367:Well-known trademark
2312:Confusing similarity
2105:on 18 September 2018
1686:"Generic Trademarks"
1444:www.macmillan.org.uk
1117:"Merely descriptive"
1029:), cheeses (such as
734:company brand name.
637:nonproprietary names
549:Luer-Lok (Luer lock)
71:improve this article
2777:Washington Redskins
2736:Service mark symbol
2619:Hologram trademarks
2556:Certification marks
2337:Secondary liability
2327:Good faith doctrine
1968:"1985 Lego Catalog"
1726:on 10 February 2009
1440:"Implantable ports"
1347:(110). 1963-10-01.
1341:Indiana Law Journal
1304:on 25 January 2010.
965:to remove the noun
313:Copyright abolition
86:"Generic trademark"
2872:Product management
2798:Trademark examiner
2793:Trademark attorney
1996:The Globe and Mail
1914:The New York Times
1660:The Lawyer's Daily
1608:272 F. 505
1396:www.mddionline.com
1292:Hyra, Clifford D.
1196:The New York Times
1166:Trademark dilution
983:photo manipulation
928:to the trademark.
852:generic descriptor
744:", at that time a
708:
575:In pharmaceuticals
459:proprietary eponym
453:, also known as a
405:Higher categories:
397:Outline of patents
163:
2849:
2848:
2841:WP:MOS/Trademarks
2673:
2672:
2624:Motion trademarks
2614:Colour trademarks
2287:Generic trademark
2212:978-0-7102-0174-4
1751:Microsoft TechNet
1696:on 30 August 2017
930:Xerox Corporation
711:Trademark erosion
690:Trademark erosion
571:or generic term.
559:have genericized
543:In subpopulations
451:generic trademark
447:
446:
147:
146:
139:
121:
16:(Redirected from
2884:
2862:Brand management
2639:Sound trademarks
2634:Shape trademarks
2629:Scent trademarks
2606:Non-conventional
2508:
2412:Singapore Treaty
2397:Madrid Agreement
2392:Paris Convention
2379:
2378:
2256:
2249:
2242:
2233:
2216:
2204:
2184:
2177:
2171:
2170:
2168:
2166:
2147:
2141:
2140:
2138:
2136:
2121:
2115:
2114:
2112:
2110:
2104:
2097:
2086:
2080:
2079:
2077:
2075:
2064:
2058:
2057:
2037:
2031:
2030:
2028:
2027:
2013:
2007:
2006:
2004:
2003:
1988:
1982:
1981:
1979:
1978:
1972:www.retroist.com
1963:
1957:
1956:
1954:
1953:
1938:
1932:
1931:
1929:
1928:
1905:
1899:
1898:
1896:
1894:
1887:Legal Blog Watch
1878:
1872:
1871:
1869:
1867:
1845:
1839:
1838:
1836:
1834:
1816:
1810:
1809:
1807:
1805:
1790:
1784:
1783:
1781:
1779:
1769:
1763:
1762:
1760:
1758:
1742:
1736:
1735:
1733:
1731:
1712:
1706:
1705:
1703:
1701:
1682:
1676:
1675:
1673:
1671:
1651:
1642:
1641:
1639:
1637:
1622:
1611:
1605:
1599:
1593:
1592:
1582:
1562:
1556:
1555:
1545:
1521:
1515:
1514:
1507:
1501:
1500:
1490:
1481:
1475:
1474:
1472:
1471:
1460:
1454:
1453:
1451:
1450:
1436:
1430:
1429:
1427:
1426:
1412:
1406:
1405:
1403:
1402:
1388:
1382:
1381:
1363:
1357:
1356:
1333:
1327:
1326:
1324:
1323:
1312:
1306:
1305:
1289:
1283:
1281:
1273:
1267:
1266:
1264:
1262:
1255:Consumer Reports
1247:
1238:
1237:
1235:
1234:
1220:
1214:
1213:
1211:
1210:
1187:
1156:Proper adjective
1131:Brand management
993:Since 2003, the
970:
926:exclusive rights
920:
705:Kawasaki Jet Ski
621:
592:
486:market dominance
439:
432:
425:
308:Brand protection
242:Peasants' rights
179:
165:
142:
135:
131:
128:
122:
120:
79:
55:
47:
21:
2892:
2891:
2887:
2886:
2885:
2883:
2882:
2881:
2852:
2851:
2850:
2845:
2822:
2813:Trademark troll
2808:Trademark share
2781:
2745:
2719:
2669:
2643:
2600:
2561:Chartered marks
2544:
2497:
2426:
2402:Madrid Protocol
2380:
2376:
2371:
2362:Parallel import
2277:Distinctiveness
2265:
2260:
2223:
2213:
2196:
2193:
2191:Further reading
2188:
2187:
2178:
2174:
2164:
2162:
2149:
2148:
2144:
2134:
2132:
2123:
2122:
2118:
2108:
2106:
2102:
2095:
2088:
2087:
2083:
2073:
2071:
2066:
2065:
2061:
2039:
2038:
2034:
2025:
2023:
2015:
2014:
2010:
2001:
1999:
1990:
1989:
1985:
1976:
1974:
1965:
1964:
1960:
1951:
1949:
1940:
1939:
1935:
1926:
1924:
1907:
1906:
1902:
1892:
1890:
1880:
1879:
1875:
1865:
1863:
1847:
1846:
1842:
1832:
1830:
1818:
1817:
1813:
1803:
1801:
1792:
1791:
1787:
1777:
1775:
1771:
1770:
1766:
1756:
1754:
1744:
1743:
1739:
1729:
1727:
1714:
1713:
1709:
1699:
1697:
1690:The Lingua File
1684:
1683:
1679:
1669:
1667:
1666:on 20 July 2021
1653:
1652:
1645:
1635:
1633:
1631:The Independent
1624:
1623:
1614:
1601:
1600:
1596:
1564:
1563:
1559:
1523:
1522:
1518:
1509:
1508:
1504:
1488:
1483:
1482:
1478:
1469:
1467:
1462:
1461:
1457:
1448:
1446:
1438:
1437:
1433:
1424:
1422:
1420:AMETEK Reichert
1414:
1413:
1409:
1400:
1398:
1390:
1389:
1385:
1365:
1364:
1360:
1335:
1334:
1330:
1321:
1319:
1314:
1313:
1309:
1291:
1290:
1286:
1275:
1274:
1270:
1260:
1258:
1249:
1248:
1241:
1232:
1230:
1222:
1221:
1217:
1208:
1206:
1189:
1188:
1184:
1179:
1127:
1083:
1077:
991:
979:Adobe Photoshop
959:Swedish Academy
945:building blocks
840:
754:
698:
692:
631:Pharmaceutical
629:
628:
627:
626:
625:
622:
613:
612:
611:
593:
584:
583:
577:
545:
443:
407:
403:
318:Copyright troll
207:Farmers' rights
187:Authors' rights
143:
132:
126:
123:
80:
78:
68:
56:
45:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2890:
2888:
2880:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2854:
2853:
2847:
2846:
2844:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2827:
2824:
2823:
2821:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2789:
2787:
2783:
2782:
2780:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2762:Debian–Mozilla
2759:
2753:
2751:
2747:
2746:
2744:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2727:
2725:
2721:
2720:
2718:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2681:
2679:
2675:
2674:
2671:
2670:
2668:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2651:
2649:
2645:
2644:
2642:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2610:
2608:
2602:
2601:
2599:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2581:Font trademark
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2552:
2550:
2546:
2545:
2543:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2516:
2514:
2505:
2499:
2498:
2496:
2495:
2490:
2488:United Kingdom
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2453:European Union
2450:
2445:
2440:
2434:
2432:
2428:
2427:
2425:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2388:
2386:
2382:
2381:
2374:
2372:
2370:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2357:Cybersquatting
2354:
2349:
2344:
2342:Nominative use
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2302:Priority right
2299:
2297:Concurrent use
2294:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2273:
2271:
2267:
2266:
2261:
2259:
2258:
2251:
2244:
2236:
2230:
2229:
2222:
2221:External links
2219:
2218:
2217:
2211:
2192:
2189:
2186:
2185:
2172:
2142:
2116:
2081:
2059:
2042:Språktidningen
2032:
2008:
1983:
1958:
1933:
1900:
1873:
1840:
1811:
1785:
1764:
1737:
1707:
1677:
1643:
1612:
1594:
1557:
1516:
1502:
1476:
1455:
1431:
1407:
1383:
1358:
1328:
1307:
1284:
1268:
1257:. 19 July 2014
1239:
1215:
1181:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1174:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1126:
1123:
1122:
1121:
1118:
1115:
1112:
1109:
1106:
1103:
1100:
1097:
1094:
1079:Main article:
1076:
1073:
995:European Union
990:
987:
839:
836:
778:genericization
753:
752:Legal concepts
750:
715:genericization
694:Main article:
691:
688:
684:genericization
623:
616:
615:
614:
594:
587:
586:
585:
581:
580:
579:
578:
576:
573:
569:medical eponym
544:
541:
445:
444:
442:
441:
434:
427:
419:
416:
415:
402:
401:
400:
399:
389:
384:
379:
374:
369:
368:
367:
365:Right to quote
362:
357:
352:
342:
337:
336:
335:
328:Bioprospecting
325:
320:
315:
310:
305:
300:
292:
291:
290:Related topics
287:
286:
285:
284:
279:
274:
269:
264:
259:
257:Related rights
254:
249:
244:
239:
234:
229:
224:
219:
214:
209:
204:
202:Database right
199:
194:
189:
181:
180:
172:
171:
145:
144:
59:
57:
50:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2889:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2867:Trademark law
2865:
2863:
2860:
2859:
2857:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2828:
2825:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2790:
2788:
2784:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2754:
2752:
2748:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2728:
2726:
2722:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2682:
2680:
2676:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2652:
2650:
2646:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2611:
2609:
2607:
2603:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2553:
2551:
2547:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2517:
2515:
2513:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2500:
2494:
2493:United States
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2435:
2433:
2429:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2389:
2387:
2383:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2347:Disparagement
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2274:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2263:Trademark law
2257:
2252:
2250:
2245:
2243:
2238:
2237:
2234:
2228:
2225:
2224:
2220:
2214:
2208:
2205:. Routledge.
2203:
2202:
2195:
2194:
2190:
2182:
2176:
2173:
2161:. 20 May 2003
2160:
2156:
2152:
2146:
2143:
2131:
2127:
2120:
2117:
2101:
2094:
2093:
2085:
2082:
2069:
2063:
2060:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2036:
2033:
2022:
2018:
2012:
2009:
1997:
1993:
1987:
1984:
1973:
1969:
1962:
1959:
1948:
1944:
1937:
1934:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1904:
1901:
1888:
1884:
1877:
1874:
1861:
1857:
1856:
1851:
1844:
1841:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1815:
1812:
1800:
1796:
1789:
1786:
1778:September 28,
1774:
1768:
1765:
1752:
1748:
1741:
1738:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1711:
1708:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1681:
1678:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1650:
1648:
1644:
1632:
1628:
1621:
1619:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1604:
1598:
1595:
1590:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1561:
1558:
1553:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1520:
1517:
1512:
1506:
1503:
1498:
1494:
1487:
1480:
1477:
1465:
1459:
1456:
1445:
1441:
1435:
1432:
1421:
1417:
1411:
1408:
1397:
1393:
1387:
1384:
1380:
1377:: 326. 1950.
1376:
1372:
1368:
1362:
1359:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1332:
1329:
1317:
1311:
1308:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1288:
1285:
1279:
1272:
1269:
1256:
1252:
1246:
1244:
1240:
1229:
1225:
1219:
1216:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1186:
1183:
1176:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1141:Generic brand
1139:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1128:
1124:
1119:
1116:
1113:
1111:"Descriptive"
1110:
1107:
1104:
1101:
1098:
1095:
1092:
1091:
1090:
1088:
1082:
1074:
1072:
1070:
1066:
1063:
1058:
1056:
1052:
1051:Scotch whisky
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1006:
1004:
1000:
996:
988:
986:
984:
980:
976:
972:
969:
964:
960:
956:
951:
946:
942:
937:
935:
931:
927:
922:
919:
914:
910:
906:
905:
900:
899:
894:
893:
888:
884:
880:
876:
872:
868:
863:
861:
857:
853:
849:
843:
837:
835:
833:
829:
828:
823:
822:genitive case
819:
818:
813:
808:
806:
802:
798:
793:
791:
787:
783:
779:
774:
772:
771:public domain
768:
764:
763:United States
759:
751:
749:
747:
743:
739:
735:
733:
728:
724:
720:
716:
712:
706:
702:
697:
689:
687:
685:
681:
677:
672:
670:
666:
662:
658:
657:generic drugs
653:
651:
647:
643:
638:
634:
620:
609:
605:
601:
597:
591:
574:
572:
570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
542:
540:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
513:generic terms
509:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
482:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
440:
435:
433:
428:
426:
421:
420:
418:
417:
414:
410:
406:
398:
395:
394:
393:
390:
388:
387:Public domain
385:
383:
380:
378:
375:
373:
370:
366:
363:
361:
358:
356:
353:
351:
348:
347:
346:
343:
341:
338:
334:
331:
330:
329:
326:
324:
321:
319:
316:
314:
311:
309:
306:
304:
301:
299:
296:
295:
294:
293:
288:
283:
282:Utility model
280:
278:
275:
273:
270:
268:
265:
263:
260:
258:
255:
253:
250:
248:
245:
243:
240:
238:
235:
233:
230:
228:
225:
223:
220:
218:
215:
213:
210:
208:
205:
203:
200:
198:
195:
193:
190:
188:
185:
184:
183:
182:
178:
174:
173:
170:
166:
160:
156:
151:
141:
138:
130:
127:December 2022
119:
116:
112:
109:
105:
102:
98:
95:
91:
88: –
87:
83:
82:Find sources:
76:
72:
66:
65:
60:This article
58:
54:
49:
48:
44:
37:
33:
19:
2549:Non-standard
2525:Service mark
2286:
2200:
2175:
2163:. Retrieved
2154:
2145:
2133:. Retrieved
2129:
2119:
2107:. Retrieved
2100:the original
2091:
2084:
2072:. Retrieved
2062:
2045:
2041:
2035:
2024:. Retrieved
2020:
2011:
2000:. Retrieved
1998:. 2005-09-06
1995:
1986:
1975:. Retrieved
1971:
1961:
1950:. Retrieved
1946:
1936:
1925:. Retrieved
1913:
1903:
1891:. Retrieved
1886:
1876:
1864:. Retrieved
1853:
1843:
1831:. Retrieved
1823:
1814:
1802:. Retrieved
1788:
1776:. Retrieved
1767:
1755:. Retrieved
1750:
1740:
1728:. Retrieved
1724:the original
1719:
1710:
1698:. Retrieved
1694:the original
1689:
1680:
1668:. Retrieved
1664:the original
1659:
1634:. Retrieved
1630:
1602:
1597:
1570:
1560:
1533:
1529:
1519:
1505:
1479:
1468:. Retrieved
1458:
1447:. Retrieved
1443:
1434:
1423:. Retrieved
1419:
1410:
1399:. Retrieved
1395:
1386:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1361:
1344:
1340:
1331:
1320:. Retrieved
1310:
1302:the original
1297:
1287:
1271:
1259:. Retrieved
1254:
1231:. Retrieved
1227:
1224:"genericide"
1218:
1207:. Retrieved
1195:
1185:
1105:"Suggestive"
1084:
1059:
1049:liquor, and
1007:
992:
973:
941:Lego Company
938:
923:
908:
902:
896:
890:
878:
866:
864:
851:
844:
841:
832:elative case
827:Facebookista
825:
815:
809:
794:
777:
775:
755:
742:game console
736:
726:
714:
710:
709:
683:
675:
673:
654:
642:aripiprazole
630:
607:
603:
599:
546:
510:
483:
471:generic term
458:
454:
450:
448:
413:Property law
404:
382:Pirate Party
377:Patent troll
360:Paraphrasing
350:Fair dealing
272:Trade secret
232:Moral rights
133:
124:
114:
107:
100:
93:
81:
69:Please help
64:verification
61:
2767:Stolichnaya
2586:Ghost marks
2530:Trade dress
2483:Philippines
2292:Passing off
1298:Patents 101
1099:"Arbitrary"
1087:distinctive
1065:supermarket
955:Mega Brands
817:Microsoftin
786:passing off
765:but not in
758:proprietary
721:related to
719:antonomasia
676:genericized
633:trade names
498:bubble wrap
372:Orphan work
298:Abandonware
267:Trade dress
18:Genericized
2856:Categories
2026:2023-12-19
2002:2023-12-19
1977:2023-12-15
1966:Retroist.
1952:2023-12-15
1927:2023-12-15
1720:3Com Legal
1470:2023-12-21
1449:2023-12-19
1425:2023-12-19
1401:2023-12-19
1322:2023-12-21
1233:2023-12-19
1209:2023-12-18
1177:References
1161:Synecdoche
1069:prosciutto
975:Adobe Inc.
948:Legos.com
918:ogooglebar
805:possessive
723:trademarks
650:rat poison
565:physicians
561:mind share
490:mind share
467:brand name
97:newspapers
41:See also:
32:Gendercide
2836:Case laws
2772:Ugg boots
2757:Budweiser
2458:Hong Kong
2438:Australia
2165:20 August
2135:5 October
2130:The Times
2074:2 January
2054:1654-5028
1922:0362-4331
1893:20 August
1889:. Law.com
1833:20 August
1804:20 August
1757:2 January
1700:29 August
1670:20 August
1636:20 August
1353:0019-6665
1261:20 August
1204:0362-4331
1055:champagne
1031:Roquefort
1027:Champagne
934:photocopy
848:invention
830:" is the
820:" is the
814:, where "
746:neologism
606:alicylic
521:escalator
463:trademark
333:Biopiracy
277:Trademark
197:Copyright
2750:Disputes
2540:Wordmark
2512:Standard
2385:Treaties
2332:Fair use
2282:Dilution
2270:Concepts
2155:BBC News
2109:28 March
1866:13 April
1860:Archived
1855:BBC News
1820:"Google"
1799:BBC News
1730:28 March
1589:29238065
1552:19718428
1151:Metonymy
1125:See also
1035:Parmesan
1019:Bordeaux
961:and the
895:and the
887:googling
875:Band-Aid
738:Nintendo
669:Bayer AG
659:include
646:Warfarin
537:elevator
494:linoleum
479:services
475:products
409:Property
355:Fair use
192:Copyleft
36:Genocide
2877:Eponyms
2786:Related
2724:Symbols
2648:Related
2468:Ireland
2431:Country
2021:Fortune
1543:2732733
856:Kleenex
812:Finnish
782:actions
767:Germany
680:Lipitor
661:aspirin
596:Aspirin
527:-based
502:thermos
461:, is a
159:gelatin
111:scholar
2678:Bodies
2660:Emblem
2443:Canada
2209:
2052:
1920:
1606:,
1587:
1550:
1540:
1351:
1202:
1136:Eponym
1041:, and
1011:Canada
904:google
883:Google
860:Velcro
801:plural
732:Hoover
665:heroin
563:among
555:, and
525:Toledo
237:Patent
155:Jell-O
113:
106:
99:
92:
84:
2705:ICANN
2700:USPTO
2695:EUIPO
2655:Brand
2503:Types
2473:Japan
2463:India
2448:China
2407:TRIPS
2103:(PDF)
2096:(PDF)
2044:[
1489:(PDF)
1047:Pisco
1039:Gouda
1015:Parma
879:brand
867:brand
824:and "
713:, or
602:cetyl
506:taser
118:JSTOR
104:books
2715:CIPO
2685:WIPO
2665:Logo
2478:Oman
2207:ISBN
2167:2018
2137:2009
2111:2010
2076:2013
2050:ISSN
1918:ISSN
1895:2018
1868:2024
1835:2018
1806:2018
1780:2020
1759:2013
1732:2010
1702:2017
1672:2018
1638:2018
1585:PMID
1548:PMID
1349:ISSN
1263:2018
1200:ISSN
1062:Asda
1043:Feta
1025:and
1023:Port
968:lego
939:The
797:verb
784:for
411:and
90:news
1575:doi
1538:PMC
1045:),
950:URL
803:or
788:or
727:and
488:or
477:or
465:or
457:or
73:by
34:or
2858::
2157:.
2153:.
2128:.
2019:.
1994:.
1970:.
1945:.
1916:.
1912:.
1885:.
1858:.
1852:.
1826:.
1822:.
1797:.
1749:.
1718:.
1688:.
1658:.
1646:^
1629:.
1615:^
1583:.
1573:.
1569:.
1546:.
1534:18
1532:.
1528:.
1495:,
1491:.
1442:.
1418:.
1394:.
1375:40
1373:.
1369:.
1345:39
1343:.
1339:.
1296:.
1253:.
1242:^
1226:.
1198:.
1194:.
1037:,
1033:,
1021:,
909:le
834:.
799:,
792:.
748:.
551:,
504:,
500:,
496:,
449:A
2255:e
2248:t
2241:v
2215:.
2169:.
2139:.
2113:.
2078:.
2056:.
2029:.
2005:.
1980:.
1955:.
1930:.
1897:.
1870:.
1837:.
1808:.
1782:.
1761:.
1734:.
1704:.
1674:.
1640:.
1591:.
1577::
1554:.
1499:.
1473:.
1452:.
1428:.
1404:.
1355:.
1325:.
1265:.
1236:.
1212:.
608:a
604:s
600:a
438:e
431:t
424:v
161:"
140:)
134:(
129:)
125:(
115:·
108:·
101:·
94:·
67:.
38:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.