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Genia Chef

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315:, where he developed his post-historical style (Manifesto of Post-Historicism, 1996). At that time Genia Chef created works in which he staged familiar figures from Russian history such as Leo Tolstoy, Maxim Gorky or V.I.Lenin in landscapes of the Spanish Mediterranean coast. Often historical figures like Lenin, Stalin, Hitler, Mussolini are depoliticized and portrayed as extras in world history. On the occasion of an exhibition in the former studio of Antonio Canova in Rome, Genia Chef wrote his Manifesto of Neo-Mythology entitled "Viva Canova! (1995). The mixture of post-historical and neo-mythological concepts characterizes his work of this period ( ex."The Birth of Myths", 1993). A comprehensive solo exhibition at the State Russian Museum in St. Petersburg entitled "Glory of a New Century" in 2011 presents numerous key works from both creative periods. In 2013, Genia Chef is represented in the Official Programme of the 55th Venice Biennale (Palazzo Bembo, Collateral Events) with the multimedia installation "Dead House". Here, the artist thematizes the murder of the Russian Tsar's family, which remains an important aspect of his work (several museum exhibitions in Russia, 2017-2019). In 2015, Genia Chef and his friend, the writer 319:, show the project "Pavilion Telluria" during the 56th Venice Biennale in Palazzo Rocca Contarini Corfù. Genia Chef's "Archive of Transitional Conditions" consists of more than 200 small-format works that form a kind of visual diary. In their performance on the occasion of the exhibition opening, both artists compete against each other: Genia Chef as knight with lance and shield, Vladimir Sorokin as Neanderthal with notebook and wooden stick. The confrontation symbolizes the clash of different historical epochs. In more recent times Genia Chef has been interested in the idea of the "New Renaissance Man", the creator who forms a symbiosis of scientist and artist. Inspired by the research of the Russian academician Vladimir Skulachev on "Life without Aging", Genia Chef and Skulachev's son Maxim have developed the concept of an "Academy of Immortality". 323: 295:. Chief editor of the experimental magazine was Yuri Sobolev, a figure of the Moscow underground art scene and author of the animated films "Once upon a time there was a Kosyavin", "Butterfly" and "The Glass Harmonica". Evgeny Scheffer took the artist name Genia Chef when he began in the 1970s-80s to take part in exhibitions of the Moscow nonconformist artists in Malaya Gruzinskaya Street. Here he exhibited with artists like Viktor Pivovarov, Francisco Infante, 35: 20: 155: 311:). He illustrated numerous books, including E.A.Poe and American Romantic Tales. During this period his nonconformist painting was influenced by modern Western art movements. After moving to the Federal Republic of Germany in 1985, the artist devoted himself entirely to painting. He spent much time in the Spanish artists' village of 299:, Andrei Roiter, Semyon Faibisovich and Konstantin Khudyakov. After studying at the Moscow Polygraphic Institute, Genia Chef lived mainly from book illustrations, as did other nonconformist artists in the USSR of the time (e.g. 247:, Vladimir Scheffer was granted permission for the family to return to Moscow. Chef then studied from 1967 to 1971 at the Art School for Children in Moscow. He was later a student from 1972 to 1977 at 251:, his professors were Andrei Dmitrijewitsch Gontscharow (graphic art) and Dmitri Dmitrijewitsch Zhilinski (painting). Genia Chef received first prize for his M.A. diploma for his illustrations to 763: 741: 215:, an art movement that combines elements of traditional painting with aesthetic experiments and interprets current events in the form of a new mythology. Germany. 1473: 1044: 978:
Richard Faber, Das ewige Rom oder: die Stadt und der Erdkreis. Zur Archäologie "abendländischer" Globalisierung, Verlag Koenigshausen Neumann, 2001 (book cover),
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in Moscow. During the World War II he became a victim of Stalinist purges for political reasons and was banished to the Gulag in
1295:В.Моев, Упразднитель времени. Женя Шеф о себе, о кризисе авангардизма и о новом Ренессансе, Литературная Газета, Москва, 11/1998 1075:В.Моев, Упразднитель времени. Женя Шеф о себе, о кризисе авангардизма и о новом Ренессансе, Литературная Газета, Москва, 11/1998 463: 452: 1100: 322: 724: 698: 117: 67: 59: 1502: 1252: 1227: 89: 956:
Mikhail Epstein, Aleksandr Genis, Russian Postmodernism: New Perspectives on Post-Soviet Culture, Berghahn Books, 1999
260: 812:, Museum of Fine Arts Kaluga, Russia and later travelling exhibition through museums of the Moscow region (solo show) 48: 96: 52: 779: 1301:
F.Miralles, Imaginativo Genia Chef – las dictaturas, la historiay el ordenador, La Vanguardia, Barcelona, 7/1999
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F.Miralles, Imaginativo Genia Chef – las dictaturas, la historiay el ordenador, La Vanguardia, Barcelona, 7/1999
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Genia Chef was born in 1954 in Aktjubinsk, Kazakhstan, as Evgeny Scheffer. His father, Vladimir Scheffer, was a
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Festival of International Contemporary Art, Trieste, Italy  
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Palazzo Bembo, Collateral Events, 55th Venice Biennale
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he Parts: Collage & Assemblage in the Norton and Nancy Dodge Collection of Nonconformist Art from the Sov
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Russian Art in the New Millennium, Edward Lucie-Smith and Sergei Reviakin, Unicorn Publishing, London 2022,
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During his studies, Genia Chef began working as an illustrator for the Soviet popular science magazine "
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in cooperation witt Wladimir Sorokin), Palazzo Rocca Contarini Corfu, during the 56th Venice Biennale
962:, Nothing Lasts Forever Anymore, Parsifal Ediciones, Barcelona 1999 (book cover and illustrations), 860: 268: 180: 1467: 1038: 560:
Stiftung Starke, Berlin and Museum of Contemporary Art, Skopje, Northern Macedonia (solo show);
74: 207:, 28 January 1954) is a German-Russian artist (painting, graphic art, installations) living in 1455: 1445: 1408: 1397: 1396:Стародубцева З.Б. Русские художники за рубежом. 1970-2010-е годы, изд. БуксМАрт, Москва 2020, 1383: 1373: 1363: 1349: 1327: 1316: 1305: 1176: 1175:Стародубцева З.Б. Русские художники за рубежом. 1970-2010-е годы, изд. БуксМАрт, Москва, 2020 1162: 1152: 1142: 1128: 1106: 1096: 1085: 1026: 1016: 990: 979: 963: 608:
Kolodzei Art Foundation, Leepa-Rattner Museum of Art, Tarpon Springs, USA      
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House of Latin America, Monte Carlo, Monaco solo show (Patronage of Prince Louis de Polignac)
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Edward Lucie-Smith, Visions of Hellfire, Critic's Diary, London, ArtReview, September 2002
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F. Miralles, Genia Chef, voluntad moralizante y estetica, La Vanguardia, Barcelona, 6/1989
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Edward Lucie-Smith, Visions of Hellfire, Critic's Diary, London, ArtReview, September 2002
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F. Miralles, Genia Chef, voluntad moralizante y estetica, La Vanguardia, Barcelona, 6/1989
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Russian Art of the Soviet and Post-Soviet Periods from the Wayne F.Yakes, M.D.Collection.
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J.M.Cadena, Las revoluciones olvidadas de Genia Chef, El Periodico, Barcelona, 6/1999
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J.M.Cadena, Las revoluciones olvidadas de Genia Chef, El Periodico, Barcelona, 6/1999
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Illustrations in the monthly Avantgarde magazine „Znanie-sila“, Moscow, 1976–1981
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J.Croghan, Realistic Painting in An Imaginery Landscape, American Artist,12/1995
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J.Croghan, Realistic Painting in An Imaginary Landscape, American Artist,12/1995
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Alexander Genis, USA From A to Z, Uralskij Universitet Publ., Ekaterinburg, 1997
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Erich Kästner, Ausgewählte Prosa u. Gedichte, Raduga, Moscow, 1985 (book cover)
1459: 1030: 975:, Buddha's Little Finger, Penguin, NY, 2000 and Mondadori, Milano (book cover) 494:
State Russian Museum, St.Petersburg and Monasterio di Santa Chiara, San Marino
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Masters of Russian Realism: Oleg Vassiliev - Genia Chef - Komar and Melamid.
1439: 1362:, hrsg. von Mathias Winzen und Georgy Nikitsch, Wienand Verlag, Köln 2004, 1141:, hrsg. von Mathias Winzen und Georgy Nikitsch, Wienand Verlag, Köln 2004, 1095:
Edward Lucie-Smith, The Glory of Angels, Harper Design Pub., London, 2000,
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Michael Lederer, Cadaqués, Parsifal Ediciones, Barcelona 2014 (book cover)
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It's the Real Thing: Soviet and Post-Soviet Sots Art and American Pop Art.
856: 1286:Н.Козлова, От революции к эротике, Новое Русское Слово, Нью-Йорк, 7/1994 1066:Н.Козлова, От революции к эротике, Новое Русское Слово, Нью-Йорк, 7/1994 778:
Genia Chef, Ilya Kabakov, Oleg Vassiliev. The Blinding Light of History.
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Lexikon der phantastischen Künstler. Hrsg. Gerhard Habarta, Wien, 2010
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Lexikon der phantastischen Künstler. Hrsg. Gerhard Habarta, Wien, 2010
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Genia Chef, Glory of a New Century, Palace Ed., St.Petersburg, 2011,
1283:В.Завалишин, Сумерки лжепророка, Русская Жизнь, Сан Франсиско, 5/1994 1063:В.Завалишин, Сумерки лжепророка, Русская Жизнь, Сан Франсиско, 5/1994 706:um, St.Petersburg (solo show) 208: 1271:
R.Santos Torroella, Genia Chef y la perestroika, ABC, Madrid, 6/1989
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Genia Chef, Glory of a New Century, Palace Ed., St.Petersburg, 2011,
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R.Santos Torroella, Genia Chef y la perestroika, ABC, Madrid, 6/1989
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L.Prudovsky, Genia Chef – Manierist i Kosmopolit, Ogonyok, 13/1992
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L.Prudovsky, Genia Chef – Manierist i Kosmopolit, Ogonyok, 13/1992
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Jesus Christ in Christian Art and Culture 14th to 20th Centuries.
1342:, hrsg. von Präsident des Abgeordnetenhauses Berlin, Berlin 2003 1121:, hrsg. von Präsident des Abgeordnetenhauses Berlin, Berlin 2003 467:
Kolodzei Art Foundation, Kennan Institute, Washington, D.C., USA
287:", which provided a platform for nonconformist artists such as 932:
Mihail Eminescu, Luceafarul, Detskaya Literatura, Moscow, 1979
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from the article and its talk page, especially if potentially
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Experimental Art Foundation, Adelaide, Australia (solo show);
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Michael Lederer, The Great Game, PalmArt Press, Berlin 2012,
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Edward Lucie-Smith, Art Tomorrow, Terrail ed., Paris, 2002
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Edward Lucie-Smith, Art Tomorrow, Terrail ed., Paris, 2002
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Zimmerli Art Museum, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, USA
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Gorkom of Graphic Artists,  Malaya Gruzinskaya, Moscow
255:. In 1985 Chef moved to West Germany and by invitation of 1280:
Constantin Boym, Regressive Design, Metropolis, NY, 5/1993
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Constantin Boym, Regressive Design, Metropolis, NY, 5/1993
872: 1289:А.Генис, Третий Рим Жени Шефа, Панорама, Нью-Йорк, 1/1995 1069:А.Генис, Третий Рим Жени Шефа, Панорама, Нью-Йорк, 1/1995 935:
K.K.Sluchevsky, Poetry, Detskaya Literatura, Moscow, 1983
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Times of Change. The Art of 1960-85 in the Soviet Union.
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Genia Chef, On the Edge of the World, Novosibirsk, 2019
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Edward Lucie-Smith: . Harper Design Pub., London 2000,
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The International Who's Who 2000, Europa Publ., London
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Genia Chef, On the Edge of the World, Novosibirsk, 2019
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The International Who's Who 2000, Europa Publ., London
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Kunsthalle Baden-Baden, Germany and Novy Manezh, Moscow
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Ideal Landscapes: Artists from the Former Soviet Union.
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Vil Lipatov, The Stoletov Dossier, Raduga, Moscow 1983
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University of New Mexico Art Museum, Albuquerque, USA
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The Hurricane of Time: Art of the 1960s through 2000.
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Vsevolod Garshin, Amapola Roja, Raduga, Moscow, 1984
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The Body Implied: The Vanishing Figure in Soviet Art
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Finding Freedom: 40 Years of Soviet and Russian Art.
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Old Symbols, New Icons in Russian Contemporary Art.
1312:, Library of Congress Catalog Card number 35-10257 1092:, Library of Congress Catalog Card number 35-10257 798:Installation "Desintegration of the Black Square". 604:John Natsoulas Art Center, Davis/California, USA; 375:Galeria Maria Salvat, Barcelona, Spain (solo show) 843:as part of the travelling exhibition ART-PROJECT 832:State Art Museum Novosibirsk, Russia (solo show) 941:E.A.Poe, Prose and Poetry, Raduga, Moscow, 1983 479:Art Foundation, Villa Ormond, San Remo, Italy; 326:Exhibition project Nibelungenlied by Genia Chef 263:, Austria from 1988 to 1993. His professor was 505:P.M.M.K Museum of Modern Art, Ostende, Belgium 424:Italian Cultural Institute, Berlin (solo show) 403:de Saisset Museum, Santa Clara/California, USA 947:American Romantic Tales, Raduga, Moscow, 1984 801:APS Mdina Cathedral Contemporary Art Biennale 8: 1215:Who is Who in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland 662:Born in the USSR - Russian Art from Germany 549:Remembrance: Russian Post-Modern Nostalgia. 1472:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 1043:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 759:, as part of the Festival White Nights, Ce 415:Stuart Levy Fine Art, New York (solo show) 340:First Exhibition of the Avantgard Artists. 66:about living persons that is unsourced or 483:Museum-Center Luis Buñuel, Calanda, Spain 349:Exhibitions of the Nonconformist Artists, 137:Learn how and when to remove this message 1011:Chef, Genia; Vollkommer, Rainer (2020). 455:Staatl. Russisches Museum, St.Petersburg 16:Russian artist living in Berlin, Germany 1430: 1192: 821:Columbus State University, Georgia, USA 591:White Space Gallery, London (solo show) 1465: 1036: 899:nstallation EVAPhrodite (Original Sin) 413:Neo-Mythology and Regressive Projects. 267:. In 1993 the Academy awarded him its 863:, Königswinter; Neues Museum,Schloss 664:. Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Berlin 564:, Bunker under Alexanderplatz, Berlin 465:ective on Non-Conformist Russian Art. 399:Stuart Levy Fine Art, New York, USA; 7: 444:Weisman Art Museum, Minneapolis, USA 771:ntral Exhibition Hall, Perm, Russia 690:State Russian Museum, St.Petersburg 655:State Russian Museum, St.Petersburg 619:State Russian Museum, St.Petersburg 551:Yeshiva University Museum, New York 433:New Academy, St. Petersburg, Russia 291:, who is considered a precursor of 211:. He is considered the founder of P 1508:Academy of Fine Arts Vienna alumni 644:Installation "My Personal Temple". 14: 1441:Russian art in the new millennium 571:HA KYPOPT! Russische Kunst Heute! 431:Neo-Academism and Electronic Art. 1360:HA KYPOPT! Russische Kunst Heute 1139:HA KYPOPT! Russische Kunst Heute 847:, Museum of Architecture, Moscow 153: 33: 678:Fort Collins Museum of Art, USA 1513:Russian expatriates in Germany 628:Palazzo della Ragione, Mantova 1: 889:Nationalmuseum Burg Esztergom 369:Municipal Museum Ulm, Germany 1438:Lucie-Smith, Edward (2022). 1205:, no. 234, 1 September 1937. 542:Palazzo Forti, Verona, Italy 360:Municipal Museum Olot, Spain 249:Moscow Polygraphic Institute 231:. In 1961, five years after 44:biography of a living person 1444:. Sergei Reviakin. London. 261:Academy of Fine Arts Vienna 71:must be removed immediately 1529: 859:, Xanten, Germany, Castle 271:degree, together with its 162:This biographical section 828:On the Edge of the World. 626:Meditazione sulla Realta. 512:The Sum is Greater Than t 501:Between Earth and Heaven. 734:Installation Dead House, 245:Twentieth Party Congress 1340:Blumen aus Niemandsland 1119:Blumen aus Niemandsland 887:; Palais Palffy, Wien; 839:Academy of Immortality, 697:Glory of a New Century. 598:Glory of a New Century. 422:Promenaden in Arkadien. 331:Exhibitions (selection) 879:, Das WORMSER, Worms; 766:11 August 2020 at the 744:11 August 2020 at the 388:Monumental Propaganda. 327: 58:Please help by adding 24: 1015:(in German). Berlin. 540:Artists of the Ideal. 325: 175:by revising it to be 22: 1346:M°A°I°S 5 – Paradies 1232:zimmerli.rutgers.edu 1125:M°A°I°S 5 – Paradies 738:Personal Structures. 642:II Moscow Biennale, 293:Moscow Conceptualism 259:, he studied at the 64:Contentious material 1503:Artists from Moscow 914:Zimmerli Art Museum 885:Kulturmodell Passau 789:Pavillon Telluria ( 587:m, Athens, Greece; 562:M°A°I°S V. Paradies 269:Master of Fine Arts 1199:Cover photograph, 924:Book Illustrations 919:New Brunswick, USA 867:, Bendorf; Castle 701:State Russian Muse 589:Danses de la Mort. 582:Gods Becoming Men. 328: 25: 1451:978-1-913491-72-7 1413:978-1-913491-72-7 1402:978-5-907043-69-5 1388:978-3-86384-054-9 1181:978-5-907043-69-5 1167:978-3-86384-054-9 1022:978-3-945867-36-5 995:978-3-941524-12-5 984:978-3-8260-2034-6 968:978-84-87265-99-0 757:Russisches Berlin 727:eum, Boulder, USA 671:Shattered Utopia. 602:Western Biennale. 462:A 25 Year Retrosp 451:Play and Passion. 273:Fueger Gold Prize 239:'s crimes in his 233:Nikita Khrushchev 198: 197: 147: 146: 139: 121: 47:needs additional 1520: 1478: 1477: 1471: 1463: 1435: 1425:www.geniachef.de 1264: 1263: 1261: 1259: 1249: 1243: 1242: 1240: 1238: 1224: 1218: 1212: 1206: 1197: 1048: 1042: 1034: 877:Nibelungenmuseum 869:Pfalzgrafenstein 646:Vinsavod, Moscow 558:Foreign Visions. 317:Vladimir Sorokin 193: 190: 184: 157: 156: 149: 142: 135: 131: 128: 122: 120: 79: 60:reliable sources 37: 36: 29: 1528: 1527: 1523: 1522: 1521: 1519: 1518: 1517: 1483: 1482: 1481: 1464: 1452: 1437: 1436: 1432: 1421: 1268: 1267: 1257: 1255: 1251: 1250: 1246: 1236: 1234: 1226: 1225: 1221: 1213: 1209: 1198: 1194: 1189: 1035: 1023: 1010: 1007: 960:Michael Lederer 926: 873:Museum Heylshof 871:Kaub am Rhein; 857:SiegfriedMuseum 854:NIBELUNGENLIED, 768:Wayback Machine 746:Wayback Machine 653:Power of Water. 584:Frissiras Museu 527:Shock and Show. 333: 297:Anatoly Zveryev 281: 279:Artistic career 253:Edgar Allan Poe 225:photojournalist 221: 213:ost-Historicism 205:Evgeny Scheffer 194: 188: 185: 173:help improve it 170: 158: 154: 143: 132: 126: 123: 80: 78: 57: 38: 34: 17: 12: 11: 5: 1526: 1524: 1516: 1515: 1510: 1505: 1500: 1495: 1485: 1484: 1480: 1479: 1450: 1429: 1428: 1427: 1420: 1419:External links 1417: 1416: 1415: 1405: 1394: 1391: 1380: 1378:978-3848263073 1370: 1357: 1343: 1337: 1334: 1324: 1313: 1302: 1299: 1296: 1293: 1290: 1287: 1284: 1281: 1278: 1275: 1272: 1266: 1265: 1244: 1219: 1207: 1191: 1190: 1188: 1185: 1184: 1183: 1173: 1170: 1159: 1157:978-3848263073 1149: 1136: 1122: 1116: 1113: 1103: 1093: 1082: 1079: 1076: 1073: 1070: 1067: 1064: 1061: 1058: 1055: 1052: 1049: 1021: 1013:Nibelungenlied 1006: 1003: 1002: 1001: 998: 987: 976: 973:Wiktor Pelewin 970: 957: 954: 951: 948: 945: 942: 939: 936: 933: 930: 925: 922: 921: 920: 902: 892: 881:Harburg Castle 848: 833: 822: 813: 804: 792: 783: 772: 754: 728: 711: 691: 679: 665: 656: 647: 634: 620: 609: 592: 576: 565: 552: 543: 534: 521: 506: 495: 484: 468: 456: 445: 434: 425: 416: 404: 391: 382: 376: 370: 361: 352: 343: 332: 329: 305:Oleg Vassiliev 280: 277: 257:Rudolf Hausner 220: 217: 196: 195: 161: 159: 152: 145: 144: 68:poorly sourced 41: 39: 32: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 1525: 1514: 1511: 1509: 1506: 1504: 1501: 1499: 1496: 1494: 1493:Living people 1491: 1490: 1488: 1475: 1469: 1461: 1457: 1453: 1447: 1443: 1442: 1434: 1431: 1426: 1423: 1422: 1418: 1414: 1410: 1406: 1403: 1399: 1395: 1392: 1389: 1385: 1381: 1379: 1375: 1371: 1369: 1368:3-87909-835-2 1365: 1361: 1358: 1355: 1354:3-00-013874-9 1351: 1347: 1344: 1341: 1338: 1335: 1333: 1332:9782879392493 1329: 1325: 1322: 1321:0-06-178777-9 1318: 1314: 1311: 1310:1 85743 050 6 1307: 1303: 1300: 1297: 1294: 1291: 1288: 1285: 1282: 1279: 1276: 1273: 1270: 1269: 1254: 1248: 1245: 1233: 1229: 1223: 1220: 1216: 1211: 1208: 1204: 1203: 1196: 1193: 1186: 1182: 1178: 1174: 1171: 1168: 1164: 1160: 1158: 1154: 1150: 1148: 1147:3-87909-835-2 1144: 1140: 1137: 1134: 1133:3-00-013874-9 1130: 1126: 1123: 1120: 1117: 1114: 1112: 1111:9782879392493 1108: 1104: 1102: 1098: 1094: 1091: 1090:1-85743-050-6 1087: 1083: 1080: 1077: 1074: 1071: 1068: 1065: 1062: 1059: 1056: 1053: 1050: 1046: 1040: 1032: 1028: 1024: 1018: 1014: 1009: 1008: 1004: 999: 997:(book cover). 996: 992: 988: 985: 981: 977: 974: 971: 969: 965: 961: 958: 955: 952: 949: 946: 943: 940: 937: 934: 931: 928: 927: 923: 918: 915: 912: 909: 906: 903: 900: 896: 893: 890: 886: 882: 878: 874: 870: 866: 862: 858: 855: 852: 849: 846: 842: 841: 837: 834: 831: 830: 826: 823: 820: 817: 814: 811: 808: 805: 802: 800: 796: 793: 790: 787: 784: 781: 780: 776: 773: 770: 769: 765: 762: 758: 755: 753: 752: 748: 747: 743: 740: 735: 732: 729: 726: 725: 721: 719: 715: 712: 710: 709: 705: 704: 700: 699: 695: 692: 689: 687: 683: 680: 677: 676: 672: 669: 666: 663: 660: 657: 654: 651: 648: 645: 641: 638: 635: 632: 631: 627: 624: 621: 618: 617: 613: 610: 607: 603: 599: 596: 593: 590: 586: 583: 580: 577: 574: 572: 569: 566: 563: 559: 556: 553: 550: 547: 544: 541: 538: 535: 533: 532: 528: 525: 522: 519: 517: 514: 510: 507: 504: 503: 499: 496: 493: 492: 488: 485: 482: 478: 475: 472: 469: 466: 464: 460: 457: 454: 453: 449: 446: 443: 442: 438: 435: 432: 429: 426: 423: 420: 417: 414: 411: 410: 405: 402: 398: 395: 392: 389: 386: 383: 380: 377: 374: 371: 368: 365: 362: 359: 356: 353: 350: 347: 344: 341: 338: 335: 334: 330: 324: 320: 318: 314: 310: 306: 302: 298: 294: 290: 286: 278: 276: 274: 270: 266: 262: 258: 254: 250: 246: 242: 241:Secret Speech 238: 237:Joseph Stalin 234: 230: 226: 218: 216: 214: 210: 206: 202: 192: 182: 178: 174: 168: 167: 166:like a résumé 160: 151: 150: 141: 138: 130: 119: 116: 112: 109: 105: 102: 98: 95: 91: 88: –  87: 83: 82:Find sources: 76: 72: 69: 65: 61: 55: 54: 50: 45: 40: 31: 30: 27: 21: 1440: 1433: 1359: 1345: 1339: 1256:. 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