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The genioglossus is often used as a proxy to test the function of the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII), by asking a patient to stick out their tongue. Peripheral damage to the hypoglossal nerve can result in deviation of the tongue to the damaged side. If the tongue protrudes directly forward instead of
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The left and right genioglossus muscles protrude the tongue (anteriorly, out of the mouth) and deviate it towards the opposite side. When acting together, the muscles protrude the tongue directly forward and depress the center of the tongue at its back.
596:
Mu, Liancai; Sanders, Ira (2000). "Neuromuscular specializations of the pharyngeal dilator muscles: II. Compartmentalization of the canine genioglossus muscle".
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Contraction of the genioglossus stabilizes and enlarges the portion of the upper airway that is most vulnerable to collapse. Relaxation of the genioglossus and
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336:. Given this connection, the mandible can be pulled forward to maximise the airway space, and prevent the tongue from sinking backwards under
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243:. The muscle is paired, having a left and right portion, which are divided at the midline of the tongue by a septum made of
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Genioglossus is the fan-shaped extrinsic tongue muscle that forms the majority of the body of the
215:. It is a fan-shaped muscle that comprises the bulk of the body of the tongue. It arises from the
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231:. The genioglossus is the major muscle responsible for protruding (or sticking out) the tongue.
263:, but some fibers originate directly from the hyoid bone and connect vertically to the tongue.
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The canine genioglossus muscle has been divided into horizontal and oblique compartments.
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den Herder, Cindy; Schmeck, Joachim; Appelboom, Dick J K; de Vries, Nico (2004).
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deviating to either side, then the hypoglossal nerves are likely not injured.
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568:"genioglossus - definition of genioglossus in English | Oxford Dictionaries"
329:
617:
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28:
1078:
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661:
520:"Risks of general anaesthesia in people with obstructive sleep apnoea"
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10.1002/1097-0185(20001101)260:3<308::aid-ar70>3.0.co;2-n
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Drake, Richard L.; Vogl, Wayne; Tibbitts, Adam W.M. Mitchell (2005).
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Muscles of the tongue from below, with genioglossus visible at top
440:(40th ed.). London: Churchill Livingstone. pp. 503–5.
404:. Philadelphia: Elsevier/Churchill Livingstone. pp. 991–2.
357:
665:
438:
Gray's anatomy : the anatomical basis of clinical practice
854:
491:
M. J. T. Fitzgerald; Gregory
Gruener; Estomih Mtui (2012).
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Susan
Standring; Neil R. Borley; et al., eds. (2008).
364:) meaning "tongue." The earliest recorded mention is by
227:, and the bottom of the tongue. It is innervated by the
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at Human
Anatomy Online, SUNY Downstate Medical Center
470:(2nd ed.). New Delhi: Jaypee Bros. p. 348.
132:, and its superior fibers draw the tip back and down
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299:Blood is supplied to the sublingual branch of the
287:, as are all muscles of the tongue except for the
352:The name derives from the Greek words γένειον (
211:is one of the paired extrinsic muscles of the
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255:The large part of the muscle arises from the
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494:Clinical Neuroanatomy and Neuroscience
283:The genioglossus is innervated by the
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18:
989:Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi
646:Roche Lexicon - illustrated navigator
229:hypoglossal nerve (cranial nerve XII)
7:
459:
457:
497:. Saunders/Elsevier. p. 216.
368:in the early seventeenth century.
14:
65:Superior part of mental spine of
642:"Anatomy diagram: 25420.000-1"
275:and the bottom of the tongue.
1:
572:Oxford Dictionaries | English
124:Inferior fibers protrude the
1240:Muscles of the head and neck
945:Levator palpebrae superioris
757:Levator palpebrae superioris
340:and obstructing the airway.
128:, middle fibers depress the
402:Gray's anatomy for students
328:muscles, especially during
1261:
1074:Depressor labii inferioris
648:. Elsevier. Archived from
191:Anatomical terms of muscle
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1041:
1006:
906:
781:
189:
42:
33:Extrinsic muscles of the
26:
1016:Levator labii superioris
635:Anatomy figure: 34:02-01
536:10.1136/bmj.329.7472.955
464:Singh, Inderbir (2009).
334:obstructive sleep apnea
305:external carotid artery
271:Its insertions are the
223:; it inserts onto the
1205:Inferior longitudinal
1200:Superior longitudinal
1069:Depressor anguli oris
940:Corrugator supercilii
598:The Anatomical Record
467:Essentials of anatomy
320:Clinical significance
148:musculus genioglossus
984:Depressor septi nasi
933:depressor supercilii
16:Muscle of the tongue
1011:Levator anguli oris
332:, is implicated in
796:sphenomandibularis
303:, a branch of the
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1084:Transversus menti
953:
952:
928:Orbicularis oculi
911:Occipitofrontalis
885:Temporoparietalis
840:
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578:on March 26, 2017
504:978-0-7020-4042-9
477:978-81-8448-461-8
447:978-0-8089-2371-8
411:978-0-443-06612-2
285:hypoglossal nerve
245:connective tissue
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113:Hypoglossal nerve
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1132:Palatopharyngeus
1046:Orbicularis oris
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360:", and γλῶσσα (
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1179:Styloglossus
1162:Genioglossus
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650:the original
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580:. Retrieved
576:the original
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295:Blood supply
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257:mental spine
254:
238:
217:mental spine
209:genioglossus
208:
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160:A05.1.04.101
147:
87:and body of
37:. Left side.
22:Genioglossus
1102:Soft palate
1021:Zygomaticus
916:occipitalis
774:Masticatory
705:Extraocular
356:) meaning "
338:anaesthesia
279:Innervation
137:Identifiers
1234:Categories
1210:Transverse
1167:Hyoglossus
1056:Buccinator
825:masseteric
791:Temporalis
582:2017-03-26
380:References
273:hyoid bone
225:hyoid bone
1193:Intrinsic
1155:Extrinsic
921:frontalis
878:posterior
863:Auricular
803:Pterygoid
330:REM sleep
267:Insertion
235:Structure
79:Insertion
1215:Vertical
1079:Mentalis
1051:Risorius
967:Procerus
873:superior
868:anterior
830:temporal
786:Masseter
740:inferior
735:superior
723:superior
718:inferior
618:11066041
554:15499112
311:Function
261:mandible
221:mandible
67:mandible
1120:levator
972:Nasalis
808:lateral
750:lateral
713:Oblique
695:of the
693:Muscles
354:geneion
348:History
259:of the
219:of the
120:Actions
55:Details
1245:Tongue
1147:Tongue
1115:tensor
899:eyelid
846:Facial
820:Fascia
813:medial
745:medial
730:Rectus
616:
552:
545:524108
542:
501:
474:
444:
408:
362:glōssa
251:Origin
241:tongue
213:tongue
130:tongue
126:tongue
96:Artery
85:tongue
61:Origin
35:tongue
1031:minor
1026:major
999:Mouth
895:Scalp
195:[
184:46690
143:Latin
108:Nerve
89:hyoid
959:Nose
697:head
614:PMID
550:PMID
499:ISBN
472:ISBN
442:ISBN
406:ISBN
358:chin
207:The
172:2117
155:TA98
855:Ear
606:doi
602:260
540:PMC
532:doi
528:329
524:BMJ
179:FMA
167:TA2
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69:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
