338:," marriages of convenience made at a distance through photographs. By establishing marital bonds at a distance, women seeking to emigrate to the United States were able to gain a passport, and Japanese workers in America were able to gain a partner of their own nationality. Because of that provision, which helped close the gender gap within the community from a ratio of 7 men to every woman in 1910 to less than 2 to 1 by 1920, the Japanese American population continued to grow despite the Agreement's limits on immigration. The Gentlemen's Agreement was never written into a law passed by the US Congress, but was an informal agreement between the United States and Japan, enacted via unilateral action by President Roosevelt. It was nullified by the
157:
93:
326:, Secretary of Commerce and Labor, was sent to investigate the issue and to force the rescission of the policies. He was unsuccessful since local officials wanted Japanese exclusion. Roosevelt tried to pressure the school board, but it would not budge. On February 15, 1907, the parties came to a compromise. If Roosevelt could ensure the suspension of Japanese immigration, the school board would allow Japanese American students to attend public schools. The Japanese government did not want to harm its national pride or to suffer humiliation like the Qing government in 1882 in China from the
265:, thus effectively eliminating new Japanese immigration to the United States. In exchange, the United States agreed to accept the presence of Japanese immigrants already residing there; to permit the immigration of wives, children, and parents; and to avoid legal discrimination against Japanese American children in California schools. There was also a strong desire on the part of the Japanese government to resist being treated as inferiors. Japan did not want the United States to pass any legislation such as had happened to the Chinese under the
80:
4386:
312:
so long as the separate facilities were substantially equal. Tokyo newspapers denounced the segregation as an insult to
Japanese pride and honor. The Japanese government wanted to protect its reputation as a world power. Government officials became aware that a crisis was at hand, and intervention
172:, but the Japanese government practiced strict policies of isolation that thwarted Japanese emigration. In 1868, the Japanese government lessened restrictions, and Japanese immigration to the United States began. Anti-Chinese sentiment motivated American entrepreneurs to recruit Japanese laborers.
281:
At the time, there were 93 Japanese students spread across 23 elementary schools. For decades, policies segregated
Japanese schools, but they were not enforced as long as there was room and white parents did not complain. The Japanese and Korean Exclusion League appeared before the school board
330:. The Japanese government agreed to stop granting passports to laborers who were trying to enter the United States unless such laborers were coming to occupy a formerly-acquired home; to join a parent, spouse, or child; or to assume active control of a previously acquired farming enterprise.
321:
President
Roosevelt had three objectives to resolve the situation: showing Japan that the policies of California did not reflect the ideals of the entire country, forcing San Francisco to remove the segregation policies, and reaching a resolution to the Japanese immigration problem.
175:
Most
Japanese immigrants wanted to reside in America permanently and came in family groups, in contrast to the Chinese immigrants, most of whom were young men who soon returned to China. Japanese immigrants assimilated to American social norms, such as those on clothing. Many joined
139:
whereby Japan would not allow laborers further emigration to the United States and the United States would not impose restrictions on
Japanese immigrants already present in the country. The goal was to reduce tensions between the two Pacific nations such as those that followed the
289:
Many
Japanese Americans argued with the school board that the segregation of schools went against the Treaty of 1894, which did not expressly address education but indicated that Japanese in America would receive equal rights. Under the controlling decisions of the
2510:
939:
2480:
1554:
282:
multiple times to complain. The school board dismissed its claims because it was fiscally infeasible to create new facilities to accommodate only 93 students. After the 1906 fire, the school board sent the 93 Japanese students to the
333:
Concessions were agreed in a note consisting of six points a year later. The agreement was followed by the admission of students of
Japanese ancestry into public schools. The adoption of the 1907 Agreement spurred the arrival of
2495:
2284:
234:
in 1905, Japan demanded treatment as an equal. The result was a series of six notes communicated between Japan and the United States from late 1907 to early 1908. The immediate cause of the
Agreement was anti-Japanese
877:
4441:
1980:
867:
1571:
2220:
1975:
882:
286:
and renamed it "The
Oriental Public School for Chinese, Japanese, and Koreans." Transportation was limited after the earthquake, and many students could not attend the Oriental Public School.
2770:
2351:
1685:
258:. At the time, Japanese immigrants made up approximately 1% of the population of California, many of whom had immigrated under a treaty in 1894 that had assured free immigration from Japan.
2398:
2046:
3788:
2963:
852:
3903:
3374:
1990:
1782:
1606:
1632:
1985:
872:
1320:
4421:
3481:
2715:
2947:
1509:
974:
2190:
144:
and the segregation of
Japanese students in public schools. The agreement was not a treaty and so was not voted on by the United States Congress. It was superseded by the
2423:
2133:
1652:
2459:
2006:
1221:
1009:
3827:
3281:
3050:
2979:
2720:
2336:
1948:
1943:
1678:
1539:
3438:
2930:
2165:
2145:
1929:
3454:
1095:
2883:
2851:
2500:
2490:
1130:
1034:
196:
3841:
3495:
2695:
2356:
1090:
934:
862:
778:
4456:
3461:
1162:
954:
2730:
2485:
2388:
2128:
1960:
1601:
1559:
1110:
4044:
2956:
1671:
1226:
944:
1142:
4446:
4436:
3762:
3679:
3672:
3665:
3267:
3080:
2940:
2710:
2428:
2170:
1722:
1466:
3574:
959:
3944:
3937:
3834:
3619:
3014:
2872:
2200:
1938:
1934:
1524:
1029:
999:
255:
252:
2403:
1216:
1014:
914:
1004:
4431:
3811:
2371:
2195:
2031:
1275:
1105:
356:
1125:
3258:
2578:
1260:
1199:
654:
409:
266:
2408:
1476:
1342:
904:
3581:
3431:
949:
857:
2573:
1908:
1471:
909:
1586:
1481:
1392:
1085:
1073:
484:
3657:
3650:
3643:
3636:
3235:
3043:
2886:
2244:
2071:
2011:
3198:
1347:
1189:
1080:
1053:
4426:
4416:
4339:
3862:
3711:
3697:
2185:
1549:
1019:
351:
4451:
3884:
2913:
2346:
1534:
1270:
964:
543:
442:
1315:
1068:
273:, who had a positive opinion of Japan, accepted the Agreement as proposed by Japan to avoid more formal immigration restrictions.
4112:
3951:
3876:
3804:
3776:
3725:
3332:
2986:
2925:
2844:
2543:
2433:
2066:
1694:
1581:
1544:
1488:
1414:
808:
244:
141:
2454:
2449:
1647:
471:
For the Sake of Our Japanese Brethren: Assimilation, Nationalism, and Protestantism Among the Japanese of Los Angeles, 1895-1942
4011:
3888:
3795:
3536:
3360:
3353:
3346:
3297:
3274:
3154:
2905:
2553:
2314:
2252:
2096:
1772:
1459:
1387:
771:
1211:
1184:
1157:
1137:
1063:
989:
979:
969:
156:
3769:
3608:
3251:
2875:
2705:
2268:
2210:
1529:
1454:
1179:
1041:
670:
Masuda, Hajimu, “Rumors of War: Immigration Disputes and the Social Construction of American-Japanese Relations, 1905–1913,”
984:
818:
4276:
3732:
3601:
3591:
2894:
2755:
2639:
2505:
2361:
2228:
1627:
1591:
3175:
1372:
835:
4132:
3755:
3628:
3103:
3035:
3028:
2205:
2138:
2016:
1449:
1367:
1255:
1194:
361:
4389:
4001:
3820:
3311:
3304:
3112:
3073:
2837:
2086:
1409:
1280:
291:
1404:
1167:
1152:
1046:
840:
823:
847:
4466:
4284:
2775:
2765:
2750:
2644:
2629:
2525:
2081:
1838:
1787:
1767:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1576:
1429:
1382:
1357:
764:
750:
305:
1100:
4204:
4148:
4068:
3991:
3855:
3748:
3741:
3567:
3214:
2515:
2108:
1883:
1596:
1290:
1240:
262:
3394:
3140:
1878:
830:
4260:
4228:
4086:
3869:
3516:
2993:
2817:
2745:
2568:
2118:
2091:
2026:
1777:
1434:
1236:
192:
132:
1352:
128:
1439:
1424:
1058:
4078:
3971:
3560:
3447:
3415:
3367:
3064:
2563:
1970:
1965:
1888:
1873:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1833:
1812:
1797:
1514:
1327:
1120:
366:
339:
301:
201:
145:
1399:
645:
The Politics of Prejudice: The Anti-Japanese Movement in California and the Struggle for Japanese Exclusion
4461:
4411:
4300:
4252:
4196:
4156:
3981:
3408:
3288:
3096:
2811:
2236:
1337:
994:
887:
803:
283:
4172:
3543:
2298:
2041:
2036:
1802:
1024:
746:
327:
1663:
4236:
4220:
4212:
4104:
3228:
3000:
2897:
2690:
2660:
2634:
2624:
2619:
2609:
2366:
2341:
1265:
1147:
169:
1913:
511:
4365:
4292:
4180:
4021:
3961:
3205:
3147:
3089:
2599:
2306:
2076:
1863:
1727:
1419:
1362:
1295:
261:
In the Agreement, Japan agreed not to issue passports for Japanese citizens wishing to work in the
236:
4308:
3930:
3553:
3221:
3168:
2860:
2604:
2393:
2175:
1332:
1250:
1204:
897:
892:
710:
702:
563:
309:
296:
270:
231:
510:
See U.S. State Department, "Japanese-American Relations at the Turn of the Century, 1900–1922"
434:
401:
391:
216:
exclusion by League members of Japanese employees and the hiring of firms that employ Japanese,
4323:
4188:
3509:
3325:
3318:
3182:
2760:
2735:
2614:
2594:
2418:
2261:
2123:
1633:
South Korean-Japanese Agreement on Cooperation in the Field of Environmental Protection (1993)
1310:
1305:
1300:
813:
650:
539:
533:
490:
438:
405:
248:
625:
4356:
4316:
4164:
4123:
3424:
2725:
2700:
2376:
1807:
1792:
1566:
1519:
694:
604:
4268:
4140:
3848:
3007:
2740:
2665:
1893:
1444:
1285:
136:
3575:"Progressive Cause Greater Than Any Individual" (1912 post-assassination-attempt speech)
4331:
4244:
3896:
3718:
3704:
3119:
3057:
2790:
2780:
2548:
2276:
1903:
1637:
1115:
975:
US-Japanese Convention Revising Certain Portions of Existing Commercial Treaties (1878)
643:
576:
What's What in the Labor Movement: A Dictionary of Labor Affairs and Labor Terminology.
429:
Walls and Mirrors: Mexican Americans, Mexican Immigrants, and the Politics of Ethnicity
427:
323:
741:
4405:
4375:
3502:
3488:
2670:
2291:
724:
714:
335:
227:
98:
1555:
Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security between the United States and Japan (1960)
4060:
4052:
3401:
3189:
3021:
2795:
2558:
1898:
1377:
188:
181:
393:
The Asian American Educational Experience: A Source Book for Teachers and Students
560:
Discrimination against the Japanese in California: a Review of the Real Situation
387:
3161:
3133:
2971:
2511:
Border Security, Economic Opportunity, and Immigration Modernization Act of 2013
2021:
1955:
1096:
Treaty of Friendship, Commerce and Navigation between Argentina and Japan (1898)
698:
3923:
3126:
2785:
940:
Treaty of Friendship, Commerce and Navigation Austria-Hungary and Japan (1869)
240:
1388:
Japan-Manchukuo-Soviet Protocol for Cession of North Manchuria Railway (1935)
191:
as an entering wedge by Japan. By 1905, Japanese Americans lived not only in
4095:
3339:
2520:
2475:
1868:
1817:
1091:
Treaty of Friendship, Commerce and Navigation between Chile and Japan (1897)
935:
Treaty of Friendship, Commerce and Navigation between Spain and Japan (1868)
924:
793:
397:
177:
1981:
Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act (IIRIRA) (1996)
1163:
Additional Agreement of the Japan-China Treaty relating to Manchuria (1905)
955:
Treaty of Friendship, Commerce and Navigation between Peru and Japan (1873)
685:
Inui, Kiyo Sue (1925). "The Gentlemen's Agreement. How It Has Functioned".
222:
a propaganda campaign to inform Congress and the President of the "menace".
2413:
2381:
2113:
2103:
1617:
1499:
1572:
Treaty on Basic Relations Between Japan and the Republic of Korea (1965)
489:. Stanford University School of Education. pp. 1–11. Archived from
742:"The 1906 San Francisco Earthquake and the Avoidance of War with Japan"
706:
342:, which legally banned all Asians from migrating to the United States.
213:
extension of the Chinese Exclusion Act to include Japanese and Koreans,
161:
219:
pressuring the School Board to segregate Japanese from white children,
2829:
2771:
National Korean American Service & Education Consortium (NAKASEC)
2179:
1991:
American Competitiveness and Workforce Improvement Act (ACWIA) (1998)
1986:
Nicaraguan Adjustment and Central American Relief Act (NACARA) (1997)
1642:
878:
Treaty of Peace, Amity and Commerce between Portugal and Japan (1860)
868:
Treaty of Amity and Commerce between the Netherlands and Japan (1858)
388:"Historical Perspectives on the Schooling of Asian/Pacific Americans"
756:
679:
The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of Race, Ethnicity, and Nationalism
1000:
Declaration of Amity and Commerce between Thailand and Japan (1887)
1976:
Immigration and Nationality Technical Corrections Act (INTCA) 1994
1217:
Treaty of Commerce and Navigation between Japan and the USA (1911)
1015:
Treaty of Commerce and Navigation between Japan and the USA (1894)
574:
Waldo R. Browne (ed.), "Japanese-American Passport Agreement," in
155:
85:
1111:
Japan-Greece Treaty of Friendship, Commerce and Navigation (1899)
1005:
Treaty of Friendship and Commerce between Mexico and Japan (1888)
1106:
Japan-Thailand Friendship, Commerce and Navigation Treaty (1898)
726:
An Uncertain Friendship: Theodore Roosevelt and Japan, 1906-1909
2833:
2047:
Ending Discriminatory Bans on Entry to The United States (2021)
1667:
1126:
Japan-China Additional Treaty of Commerce and Navigation (1903)
760:
2007:
American Competitiveness in the 21st Century Act (AC21) (2000)
1200:
Japan-China Agreement relating to Manchuria and Jiandao (1909)
687:
Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science
1607:
Treaty of Peace and Friendship between Japan and China (1978)
1477:
Japan-Thailand Offensive and Defensive Alliance Treaty (1941)
960:
Engagement between Japan and China respecting Formosa of 1874
905:
Treaty of Amity and Commerce between Belgium and Japan (1866)
883:
Treaty of Amity and Commerce between Prussia and Japan (1861)
1030:
Japan-Brazil Treaty of Amity, Commerce and Navigation (1895)
950:
Treaty of Amity and Commerce between Hawaii and Japan (1871)
873:
Treaty of Amity and Commerce between France and Japan (1858)
858:
Treaty of Amity and Commerce between Russia and Japan (1859)
915:
Russo-Japanese Provisional Treaty of Karafuto Island (1867)
910:
Treaty of Amity and Commerce between Italy and Japan (1866)
230:, and since Japan's decisive victory against Russia in the
36:
To reduce tensions between the two powerful Pacific nations
1510:
Security Treaty between the United States and Japan (1951)
1086:
Japan–Netherlands Treaty of Commerce and Navigation (1896)
853:
Treaty of Amity and Commerce (United States–Japan) (1859)
187:
As the Japanese population in California grew, they were
1348:
German–Japanese Treaty of Commerce and Navigation (1927)
1081:
Franco–Japanese Treaty of Commerce and Navigation (1896)
1054:
German–Japanese Treaty of Commerce and Navigation (1896)
1222:
Anglo-Japanese Treaty of Commerce and Navigation (1911)
1020:
Italo–Japanese Treaty of Commerce and Navigation (1894)
1010:
Anglo-Japanese Treaty of Commerce and Navigation (1894)
4442:
Foreign relations of the Republic of China (1912–1949)
486:
The Japanese Question: San Francisco Education in 1906
2012:
Legal Immigration Family Equity Act (LIFE Act) (2000)
2716:
Coalition for Humane Immigrant Rights of Los Angeles
1316:
Treaty concerning solution of Shandong issues (1922)
1069:
Japan–China Treaty of Commerce and Navigation (1896)
168:
Chinese immigration to California boomed during the
4122:
4036:
3913:
3689:
3618:
3526:
3471:
3384:
2924:
2804:
2679:
2653:
2587:
2534:
2468:
2442:
2325:
2219:
2154:
2059:
1999:
1922:
1826:
1760:
1736:
1715:
1702:
1615:
1497:
1235:
923:
792:
535:
Encyclopedia of American Recessions and Depressions
386:Nakanishi, Donald T.; Nishida, Tina Yamano (1995).
71:
63:
55:
40:
32:
24:
1545:Treaty of Peace between Japan and Indonesia (1958)
863:Anglo-Japanese Treaty of Amity and Commerce (1858)
723:
667:(U of Washington Press, 1967) pp 146–166, 210–228.
642:
626:"The 'Gentlemen's' Agreement – Exclusion by Class"
426:
1602:Basic Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation (1976)
2460:United States Border Patrol interior checkpoints
1550:Japan–South Vietnam Reparations Agreement (1959)
945:Sino-Japanese Friendship and Trade Treaty (1871)
1653:American–Japanese–Korean trilateral pact (2023)
456:
454:
119:
2721:Coalition for Comprehensive Immigration Reform
2399:List of people deported from the United States
1535:Japan–Philippines Reparations Agreement (1956)
1530:Treaty of Peace between Japan and Burma (1954)
1525:Treaty of Peace between Japan and India (1952)
1455:Japan-Manchukuo-China Joint Declaration (1940)
1042:Treaty for returning Fengtian Peninsula (1895)
113:
3712:Theodore Roosevelt Center and Digital Library
2845:
2146:Trump administration family separation policy
1679:
772:
16:Informal agreement between Japan and the U.S.
8:
2196:Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS)
1261:Sino-Japanese Joint Defence Agreement (1918)
985:Japan-Hawaii Labor Immigration Treaty (1884)
819:Dutch-Japan Treaty of Peace and Amity (1854)
649:. Berkeley: University of California Press.
586:
584:
313:was necessary to maintain diplomatic peace.
19:
4422:History of immigration to the United States
3842:Theodore Roosevelt United States Courthouse
2696:California Coalition for Immigration Reform
1592:Japan-North Vietnam Joint Communiqué (1973)
1415:Japan-Netherlands Shipping Agreement (1936)
624:Cullinane, Michael Patrick (January 2014).
2852:
2838:
2830:
2731:Federation for American Immigration Reform
1712:
1686:
1672:
1664:
1648:Australian-Japanese Security Treaty (2022)
1190:Japan–Russia Secret Agreements (1907–1916)
836:Japan-Netherlands Additional Treaty (1856)
779:
765:
757:
209:was established to promote four policies:
18:
3568:"Citizenship in a Republic" (1910 speech)
2506:Uniting American Families Act (2000–2013)
2501:Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act 2007
2491:Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act 2006
2434:Unaccompanied minors from Central America
2191:U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services
1961:Immigration Reform and Control Act (1986)
1540:Soviet–Japanese Joint Declaration of 1956
1450:Japan-China Basic Relations Treaty (1940)
1227:North Pacific Fur Seal Convention of 1911
804:Japan-US Treaty of Peace and Amity (1854)
3455:Smithsonian–Roosevelt African expedition
2711:Center for Migration Studies of New York
1854:Immigration Act 1917 (Asian Barred Zone)
1723:Nationality law in the American Colonies
1467:Treaty between Thailand and Japan (1940)
1271:Covenant of the League of Nations (1919)
677:Masuda Hajimu, “Gentlemen's Agreement,”
2645:"Faithful Patriot" (2018–present)
2201:Executive Office for Immigration Review
1489:Japanese Instrument of Surrender (1945)
1410:Canada-Japan New Trade Agreement (1935)
1343:Soviet–Japanese Basic Convention (1925)
809:Anglo-Japanese Friendship Treaty (1854)
378:
3664:United States presidential elections:
2661:California DREAM Act (2006–2010)
1472:Soviet–Japanese Neutrality Pact (1941)
1276:Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye (1919)
730:. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
483:McFarland, Daniel; Eng, Aimee (2006).
357:List of United States immigration laws
251:would be required to attend separate,
3931:"Speak softly, and carry a big stick"
3462:"River of Doubt" Amazonian expedition
1909:Alien Fiancées and Fiancés Act (1946)
1560:U.S.–Japan Status of Forces Agreement
848:Japan-Russia Additional Treaty (1858)
578:New York: B.W. Huebsch, 1921; p. 261.
300:, 1896), a state did not violate the
247:passed a regulation whereby children
7:
3828:Roosevelt Memorial, Portland, Oregon
3583:Theodore Roosevelt: An Autobiography
2630:"Return to Sender" (2006–2007)
1935:Immigration and Nationality Act 1952
1628:US-Japanese Fishery Agreement (1991)
1577:Ogasawara Reversion Agreement (1968)
1358:Japan-China Customs Agreement (1930)
1143:Japan–Korea Agreement of August 1904
207:Japanese and Korean Exclusion League
195:but throughout San Francisco, while
3074:Northern Securities Company breakup
2887:Vice President of the United States
2316:Department of State v. Muñoz (2024)
2286:DHS v. Regents of the Univ. of Cal.
2171:Immigration and Customs Enforcement
1773:Act to Encourage Immigration (1864)
1587:Japan–China Joint Communiqué (1972)
1368:Shanghai Ceasefire Agreement (1932)
3863:Theodore Roosevelt Memorial Bridge
3554:"The Strenuous Life" (1899 speech)
2404:Mexico–United States border crisis
2186:U.S. Customs and Border Protection
1597:Japan–China Trade Agreement (1974)
1582:Okinawa Reversion Agreement (1971)
1281:Treaty of Neuilly-sur-Seine (1919)
747:U.S.-Japanese understanding (1907)
592:What's What in the Labor Movement,
590:Browne (ed.), "Picture Bride," in
433:. U. of California Press. p.
14:
3044:United States Reclamation Service
2914:New York City Police Commissioner
2625:"Streamline" (2005–present)
2347:Central American migrant caravans
1894:Bracero Program (1942–1964)
1064:Yamagata–Lobanov Agreement (1896)
965:Treaty of Saint Petersburg (1875)
831:Japan-US Additional Treaty (1855)
4385:
4384:
4113:Barnes vs. Roosevelt libel trial
3953:Terrible Teddy, the Grizzly King
3805:Theodore Roosevelt Memorial Park
3777:Mount Rushmore Anniversary coins
3726:Theodore Roosevelt National Park
3635:Republican National Convention:
3482:Birthplace, boyhood home replica
3347:State of the Union Address, 1901
3282:Department of Commerce and Labor
2409:Mexico–United States border wall
1884:Filipino Repatriation Act (1935)
1695:Immigration to the United States
1435:Van Mook-Kotani Agreement (1938)
245:San Francisco Board of Education
142:Pacific Coast race riots of 1907
91:
78:
4447:1907 in international relations
4437:Treaties of the Empire of Japan
3537:Theodore Roosevelt bibliography
3155:Federal Employers Liability Act
3051:National Wildlife Refuge System
2906:Assistant Secretary of the Navy
2166:Department of Homeland Security
1373:Japan-Manchukuo Protocol (1932)
3770:Theodore Roosevelt Association
3425:"Bull Moose" Progressive Party
3375:Federal judiciary appointments
3022:Devils Tower National Monument
2876:President of the United States
2706:Center for Immigration Studies
2635:"Jump Start" (2006–2008)
2620:"Front Line" (2004–2005)
2270:Chamber of Commerce v. Whiting
2211:Office of Refugee Resettlement
1966:American Homecoming Act (1989)
1515:Treaty of San Francisco (1951)
1440:Arita-Craigie Agreement (1939)
1425:Hart-Ishizawa Agreement (1937)
1328:Washington Naval Treaty (1922)
1256:Lansing–Ishii Agreement (1917)
1195:Root–Takahira Agreement (1908)
1180:Franco-Japanese Treaty of 1907
1121:Anglo-Japanese Alliance (1902)
1059:Komura-Weber Memorandum (1896)
1:
4457:Japan–United States relations
4432:Treaties of the United States
4205:Cornelius V. S. Roosevelt III
3835:Proposed presidential library
3733:Theodore Roosevelt Wilderness
3602:Theodore Roosevelt Cyclopedia
3489:Sagamore Hill Home and Museum
3243:Gentlemen's Agreement of 1907
2756:Minuteman Civil Defense Corps
2600:"Peter Pan" (1960–1962)
2362:Eugenics in the United States
1430:India-Japan Agreement of 1937
1405:Chin-Doihara Agreement (1935)
1383:India-Japan Agreement of 1934
1175:Gentlemen's Agreement of 1907
1153:Taft–Katsura agreement (1905)
995:Convention of Tientsin (1885)
538:. ABC-CLIO. pp. 358–59.
352:Japan–United States relations
205:newspaper. In that year, the
110:Gentlemen's Agreement of 1907
20:Gentlemen's Agreement of 1907
3756:Roosevelt Park (San Antonio)
3629:1898 New York state election
3104:Food and Drug Administration
3036:United States Forest Service
3029:Muir Woods National Monument
2424:Illegal immigrant population
2206:Board of Immigration Appeals
2042:Executive Order 13780 (2017)
2037:Executive Order 13769 (2017)
1930:UN Refugee Convention (1951)
1844:Gentlemen's Agreement (1907)
1101:Nishi–Rosen Agreement (1898)
1025:Treaty of Shimonoseki (1895)
665:Theodore Roosevelt and Japan
226:Tensions had been rising in
3821:Theodore Roosevelt Monument
3305:Inland Waterways Commission
2980:Booker T. Washington dinner
2640:"Phalanx" (2010–2016)
2615:"Endgame" (2003–2012)
2486:McCain–Kennedy (2005)
2476:DREAM Act (2001–2010)
2455:Canada–United States border
2450:Mexico–United States border
2017:H-1B Visa Reform Act (2004)
1879:Tydings–McDuffie Act (1934)
1266:Treaty of Versailles (1919)
1148:Treaty of Portsmouth (1905)
630:Immigrants & Minorities
425:David G. Gutiérrez (1995).
292:United States Supreme Court
120:
44:February 15, 1907
4483:
3719:White House Roosevelt Room
2776:Negative Population Growth
2766:National Immigration Forum
2751:Migration Policy Institute
2526:US Citizenship Act of 2021
2082:Temporary protected status
1864:Emergency Quota Act (1921)
1420:Anti-Comintern Pact (1936)
1363:London Naval Treaty (1930)
1353:Kellogg–Briand Pact (1928)
1338:Klaipėda Convention (1924)
1251:Japan-China Treaty of 1915
1212:Japan–Korea Treaty of 1910
1185:Japan–Korea Treaty of 1907
1158:Japan–Korea Treaty of 1905
1138:Japan–Korea Treaty of 1904
990:Japan–Korea Treaty of 1885
980:Japan–Korea Treaty of 1882
970:Japan–Korea Treaty of 1876
699:10.1177/000271622512200123
306:United States Constitution
4427:Japanese-American history
4417:1907 in the United States
4350:
4317:Robert Barnhill Roosevelt
4277:Elliott Bulloch Roosevelt
3856:Theodore Roosevelt Bridge
3749:Roosevelt National Forest
3742:Theodore Roosevelt Island
3268:College football meetings
2867:
2109:Security Advisory Opinion
1643:Japan-Korea GSOMIA (2016)
1400:He–Umezu Agreement (1935)
1333:Treaty of Lausanne (1923)
1291:Gongota Agreement of 1920
893:Agreement of Paris (1864)
263:Continental United States
114:
4452:History of San Francisco
4261:Martha Bulloch Roosevelt
4229:Joseph Willard Roosevelt
3870:Theodore Roosevelt Award
3176:Hay–Bunau-Varilla Treaty
2994:Newlands Reclamation Act
2818:Missing in Brooks County
2746:Mexicans Without Borders
2246:US v. Bhagat Singh Thind
2119:National Origins Formula
1803:Chinese Exclusion (1882)
1778:Civil Rights Act of 1866
1311:Nine-Power Treaty (1922)
1306:Four-Power Treaty (1921)
1301:Treaty of Trianon (1921)
814:Treaty of Shimoda (1855)
722:Neu, Charles E. (1967).
681:(Wiley-Blackwell, 2015).
133:United States of America
121:Nichibei Shinshi Kyōyaku
4079:League to Enforce Peace
3561:League to Enforce Peace
3448:Boone and Crockett Club
3416:Battle of San Juan Hill
3275:Bureau of Investigation
3065:Conference of Governors
2097:Central American Minors
2027:Secure Fence Act (2006)
1889:Nationality Act of 1940
1839:Naturalization Act 1906
1813:Immigration Act of 1891
1798:Immigration Act of 1882
1788:Naturalization Act 1870
1768:Naturalization Law 1802
1744:Naturalization Act 1790
1567:Tokyo Convention (1963)
1520:Treaty of Taipei (1952)
1296:Treaty of Sèvres (1920)
751:Encyclopædia Britannica
641:Daniels, Roger (1999).
610:. Retrieved 2014-07-03.
605:"Gentlemen's Agreement"
558:Herbert Buell Johnson,
367:Immigration Act of 1917
362:Root–Takahira Agreement
340:Immigration Act of 1924
302:Equal Protection Clause
160:Japanese Day parade on
146:Immigration Act of 1924
4324:Anna Eleanor Roosevelt
4309:James Alfred Roosevelt
4301:James Stephens Bulloch
4269:Anna "Bamie" Roosevelt
4253:Theodore Roosevelt Sr.
4157:Theodore Roosevelt III
3983:Teddy, the Rough Rider
3763:Roosevelt Study Center
3409:Battle of Las Guasimas
3289:Bureau of Corporations
3236:1906 Nobel Peace Prize
3097:Pure Food and Drug Act
2812:Borderland (TV series)
2666:Arizona SB 1070 (2010)
2139:Unaccompanied children
1914:Luce–Celler Act (1946)
1704:Relevant colonial era,
1445:Tripartite Pact (1940)
1286:Svalbard Treaty (1920)
888:London Protocol (1862)
469:Brian Masaru Hayashi,
284:Chinese Primary School
277:Segregation of schools
197:anti-Japanese rhetoric
165:
164:'s Second Avenue, 1909
4366:William Howard Taft →
4332:Gracie Hall Roosevelt
4237:Edith Roosevelt Derby
4197:Theodore Roosevelt IV
4173:Ethel Carow Roosevelt
3545:The Naval War of 1812
3439:Assassination attempt
3340:White House West Wing
2389:Immigration reduction
2300:Niz-Chavez v. Garland
1904:War Brides Act (1945)
1783:14th Amendment (1868)
1638:Kyoto Protocol (1997)
1116:Boxer Protocol (1901)
674:33 (Jan. 2009), 1–37.
328:Chinese Exclusion Act
267:Chinese Exclusion Act
189:viewed with suspicion
159:
4221:Kermit Roosevelt Jr.
4213:Quentin Roosevelt II
4105:Roosevelt Republican
3609:Archival collections
3395:Spanish–American War
3312:Bureau of the Census
3229:Treaty of Portsmouth
3141:Aldrich–Vreeland Act
3001:Transfer Act of 1905
2898:Governor of New York
2691:Arizona Border Recon
2671:Alabama HB 56 (2011)
2535:Immigration stations
2469:Proposed legislation
2367:Guest worker program
2342:Brooks County, Texas
2254:US v. Brignoni-Ponce
1971:Immigration Act 1990
1874:Immigration Act 1924
1859:Immigration Act 1918
1849:Immigration Act 1907
1834:Immigration Act 1903
663:Esthus, Raymond A.
532:Daniel Leab (2014).
317:Federal intervention
4293:Cornelius Roosevelt
4181:Archibald Roosevelt
4149:Alice Lee Roosevelt
4045:Political positions
3963:Roosevelt in Africa
3904:U.S. postage stamps
3812:Monument Assemblage
3496:Maltese Cross Cabin
3206:Roosevelt Corollary
3148:Tillman Act of 1907
3113:Meat Inspection Act
3090:Coal strike of 1902
2957:Second inauguration
2610:"Gatekeeper" (1994)
2537:and points of entry
2429:Reverse immigration
2308:Sanchez v. Mayorkas
2221:Supreme Court cases
2077:Visa Waiver Program
2072:Permanent residence
1899:Magnuson Act (1943)
1728:Plantation Act 1740
1378:Tanggu Truce (1933)
672:Diplomatic History,
608:Densho Encyclopedia
249:of Japanese descent
21:
4357:← William McKinley
4245:Theodora Roosevelt
4141:Edith Kermit Carow
4133:Alice Hathaway Lee
4013:Theodore Roosevelt
4005:, 2014 documentary
3965:, 1910 documentary
3879:Theodore Roosevelt
3222:Russo-Japanese War
3215:Occupation of Cuba
3169:Big stick ideology
2941:First inauguration
2861:Theodore Roosevelt
2394:Immigration reform
2230:US v. Wong Kim Ark
2176:U.S. Border Patrol
2092:Green Card Lottery
2060:Visas and policies
2022:Real ID Act (2005)
1956:Refugee Act (1980)
1708:international laws
1697:and related topics
310:racial segregation
297:Plessy v. Ferguson
271:Theodore Roosevelt
232:Russo-Japanese War
199:was common in the
166:
129:informal agreement
28:Informal agreement
4467:Emigration policy
4399:
4398:
4285:Corinne Roosevelt
4189:Quentin Roosevelt
4015:, 2022 miniseries
3995:, 1997 miniseries
3595:magazine articles
3326:Perdicaris affair
3319:Great White Fleet
3199:Venezuelan crisis
3183:Panama Canal Zone
2827:
2826:
2761:Minuteman Project
2736:Improve The Dream
2654:State legislation
2605:"Babylift" (1975)
2579:Washington Avenue
2574:Sullivan's Island
2496:STRIVE Act (2007)
2419:March for America
2372:Human trafficking
2262:Zadvydas v. Davis
2124:Expedited removal
2055:
2054:
1706:United States and
1661:
1660:
787:Treaties of Japan
656:978-0-520-21950-2
411:978-0-415-90872-6
170:Gold Rush of 1852
106:
105:
4474:
4392:
4388:
4387:
4378:
4369:
4360:
4343:
4335:
4327:
4319:
4312:
4304:
4296:
4288:
4280:
4272:
4264:
4256:
4248:
4240:
4232:
4224:
4216:
4208:
4200:
4192:
4184:
4176:
4168:
4165:Kermit Roosevelt
4160:
4152:
4144:
4136:
4115:
4108:
4099:
4090:
4087:A Guest of Honor
4081:
4072:
4063:
4056:
4047:
4027:
4017:
4007:
3997:
3987:
3977:
3973:The Rough Riders
3967:
3957:
3947:
3940:
3933:
3926:
3906:
3899:
3892:
3872:
3865:
3858:
3851:
3844:
3837:
3830:
3823:
3814:
3807:
3798:
3796:Portland, Oregon
3791:
3784:
3779:
3772:
3765:
3758:
3751:
3744:
3735:
3728:
3721:
3714:
3707:
3700:
3682:
3675:
3668:
3660:
3653:
3646:
3639:
3631:
3611:
3604:
3597:
3587:
3577:
3570:
3563:
3556:
3549:
3539:
3519:
3512:
3505:
3498:
3491:
3484:
3464:
3457:
3450:
3441:
3434:
3427:
3418:
3411:
3404:
3397:
3377:
3370:
3368:White House desk
3363:
3356:
3349:
3342:
3335:
3328:
3321:
3314:
3307:
3300:
3291:
3284:
3277:
3270:
3261:
3254:
3252:Army War College
3245:
3238:
3231:
3224:
3217:
3208:
3201:
3192:
3185:
3178:
3171:
3164:
3157:
3150:
3143:
3136:
3129:
3122:
3115:
3106:
3099:
3092:
3083:
3076:
3067:
3060:
3053:
3046:
3039:
3031:
3024:
3017:
3010:
3003:
2996:
2989:
2982:
2975:
2966:
2959:
2950:
2943:
2917:
2909:
2901:
2890:
2879:
2854:
2847:
2840:
2831:
2726:Community Change
2701:CASA of Maryland
2681:Non-governmental
2595:"Wetback" (1954)
2521:RAISE Act (2017)
2481:H.R. 4437 (2005)
1869:Cable Act (1922)
1818:Geary Act (1892)
1808:Scott Act (1888)
1713:
1688:
1681:
1674:
1665:
1485:
1463:
1396:
1324:
1208:
1171:
1134:
1077:
1050:
1038:
901:
844:
827:
794:Bakumatsu period
781:
774:
767:
758:
731:
729:
718:
660:
648:
637:
611:
601:
595:
588:
579:
572:
566:
556:
550:
549:
529:
523:
520:
514:
508:
502:
501:
499:
498:
480:
474:
467:
461:
458:
449:
448:
432:
422:
416:
415:
383:
125:
123:
117:
116:
97:
95:
94:
84:
82:
81:
51:
49:
22:
4482:
4481:
4477:
4476:
4475:
4473:
4472:
4471:
4402:
4401:
4400:
4395:
4383:
4376:← Garret Hobart
4374:
4363:
4354:
4346:
4338:
4330:
4322:
4315:
4307:
4299:
4291:
4283:
4275:
4267:
4259:
4251:
4247:(granddaughter)
4243:
4239:(granddaughter)
4235:
4227:
4219:
4211:
4203:
4195:
4187:
4179:
4171:
4163:
4155:
4147:
4139:
4131:
4118:
4111:
4102:
4093:
4084:
4077:
4066:
4059:
4050:
4043:
4032:
4020:
4010:
4000:
3990:
3980:
3970:
3960:
3950:
3943:
3936:
3929:
3922:
3915:
3909:
3902:
3895:
3875:
3868:
3861:
3854:
3849:Roosevelt River
3847:
3840:
3833:
3826:
3819:
3810:
3803:
3794:
3787:
3782:
3775:
3768:
3761:
3754:
3747:
3740:
3731:
3724:
3717:
3710:
3703:
3696:
3685:
3678:
3671:
3663:
3656:
3649:
3642:
3634:
3627:
3614:
3607:
3600:
3590:
3580:
3573:
3566:
3559:
3552:
3542:
3535:
3528:
3522:
3515:
3510:Pine Knot cabin
3508:
3501:
3494:
3487:
3480:
3473:
3467:
3460:
3453:
3446:
3437:
3432:New Nationalism
3430:
3423:
3414:
3407:
3400:
3393:
3386:
3380:
3373:
3366:
3359:
3352:
3345:
3338:
3331:
3324:
3317:
3310:
3303:
3298:Keep Commission
3296:
3287:
3280:
3273:
3266:
3257:
3250:
3241:
3234:
3227:
3220:
3213:
3204:
3197:
3188:
3181:
3174:
3167:
3160:
3153:
3146:
3139:
3132:
3125:
3118:
3111:
3102:
3095:
3088:
3079:
3072:
3063:
3056:
3049:
3042:
3034:
3027:
3020:
3013:
3008:Antiquities Act
3006:
2999:
2992:
2985:
2978:
2969:
2962:
2955:
2946:
2939:
2928:
2920:
2912:
2904:
2893:
2882:
2871:
2863:
2858:
2828:
2823:
2800:
2741:Mexica Movement
2684:
2682:
2675:
2649:
2583:
2536:
2530:
2516:SAFE Act (2015)
2464:
2438:
2377:Human smuggling
2352:Economic impact
2330:
2328:
2321:
2215:
2159:
2157:
2150:
2051:
1995:
1923:1950–1999
1918:
1827:1900–1949
1822:
1793:Page Act (1875)
1756:
1732:
1709:
1707:
1705:
1698:
1692:
1662:
1657:
1620:
1611:
1502:
1493:
1479:
1457:
1390:
1318:
1243:
1231:
1202:
1165:
1128:
1071:
1044:
1032:
927:
919:
895:
838:
821:
796:
788:
785:
738:
721:
684:
657:
640:
623:
620:
618:Further reading
615:
614:
602:
598:
589:
582:
573:
569:
557:
553:
546:
531:
530:
526:
521:
517:
509:
505:
496:
494:
482:
481:
477:
473:(1995) pp 41-55
468:
464:
460:Daniels, (1999)
459:
452:
445:
424:
423:
419:
412:
385:
384:
380:
375:
348:
319:
279:
269:. US President
243:. In 1906, the
154:
137:Empire of Japan
111:
92:
90:
79:
77:
47:
45:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4480:
4478:
4470:
4469:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4449:
4444:
4439:
4434:
4429:
4424:
4419:
4414:
4404:
4403:
4397:
4396:
4394:
4393:
4380:
4379:
4371:
4370:
4361:
4351:
4348:
4347:
4345:
4344:
4336:
4328:
4320:
4313:
4305:
4297:
4289:
4281:
4273:
4265:
4257:
4249:
4241:
4233:
4225:
4217:
4209:
4201:
4193:
4185:
4177:
4169:
4161:
4153:
4145:
4137:
4128:
4126:
4120:
4119:
4117:
4116:
4109:
4100:
4091:
4082:
4075:
4074:
4073:
4057:
4048:
4040:
4038:
4034:
4033:
4031:
4030:
4029:
4028:
4018:
4008:
4003:The Roosevelts
3998:
3988:
3978:
3968:
3958:
3941:
3934:
3927:
3919:
3917:
3911:
3910:
3908:
3907:
3900:
3897:Roosevelt Road
3893:
3873:
3866:
3859:
3852:
3845:
3838:
3831:
3824:
3817:
3816:
3815:
3801:
3800:
3799:
3792:
3780:
3773:
3766:
3759:
3752:
3745:
3738:
3737:
3736:
3722:
3715:
3708:
3705:Mount Rushmore
3701:
3693:
3691:
3687:
3686:
3684:
3683:
3676:
3669:
3661:
3654:
3647:
3640:
3632:
3624:
3622:
3616:
3615:
3613:
3612:
3605:
3598:
3588:
3578:
3571:
3564:
3557:
3550:
3540:
3532:
3530:
3524:
3523:
3521:
3520:
3513:
3506:
3499:
3492:
3485:
3477:
3475:
3469:
3468:
3466:
3465:
3458:
3451:
3444:
3443:
3442:
3435:
3421:
3420:
3419:
3412:
3405:
3390:
3388:
3382:
3381:
3379:
3378:
3371:
3364:
3357:
3350:
3343:
3336:
3329:
3322:
3315:
3308:
3301:
3294:
3293:
3292:
3278:
3271:
3264:
3263:
3262:
3259:Roosevelt Hall
3248:
3247:
3246:
3239:
3232:
3218:
3211:
3210:
3209:
3195:
3194:
3193:
3186:
3172:
3165:
3158:
3151:
3144:
3137:
3130:
3123:
3120:Expediting Act
3116:
3109:
3108:
3107:
3093:
3086:
3085:
3084:
3070:
3069:
3068:
3061:
3058:Roosevelt Arch
3054:
3047:
3040:
3032:
3025:
3018:
3015:Pelican Island
3011:
3004:
2997:
2983:
2976:
2967:
2964:Foreign policy
2960:
2953:
2952:
2951:
2936:
2934:
2922:
2921:
2919:
2918:
2910:
2902:
2891:
2880:
2868:
2865:
2864:
2859:
2857:
2856:
2849:
2842:
2834:
2825:
2824:
2822:
2821:
2814:
2808:
2806:
2802:
2801:
2799:
2798:
2793:
2791:Save Our State
2788:
2783:
2781:No More Deaths
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2687:
2685:
2680:
2677:
2676:
2674:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2657:
2655:
2651:
2650:
2648:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2591:
2589:
2585:
2584:
2582:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2540:
2538:
2532:
2531:
2529:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2472:
2470:
2466:
2465:
2463:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2446:
2444:
2440:
2439:
2437:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2414:Labor shortage
2411:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2385:
2384:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2333:
2331:
2327:Related issues
2326:
2323:
2322:
2320:
2319:
2312:
2304:
2296:
2282:
2278:Barton v. Barr
2274:
2266:
2258:
2250:
2242:
2234:
2225:
2223:
2217:
2216:
2214:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2173:
2168:
2162:
2160:
2155:
2152:
2151:
2149:
2148:
2143:
2142:
2141:
2136:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2100:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2063:
2061:
2057:
2056:
2053:
2052:
2050:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2003:
2001:
1997:
1996:
1994:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1952:
1951:
1949:Section 287(g)
1946:
1944:Section 212(f)
1932:
1926:
1924:
1920:
1919:
1917:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1830:
1828:
1824:
1823:
1821:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1764:
1762:
1758:
1757:
1755:
1754:
1740:
1738:
1734:
1733:
1731:
1730:
1725:
1719:
1717:
1710:
1703:
1700:
1699:
1693:
1691:
1690:
1683:
1676:
1668:
1659:
1658:
1656:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1624:
1622:
1613:
1612:
1610:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1563:
1562:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1506:
1504:
1495:
1494:
1492:
1491:
1486:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1247:
1245:
1233:
1232:
1230:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1039:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1002:
997:
992:
987:
982:
977:
972:
967:
962:
957:
952:
947:
942:
937:
931:
929:
921:
920:
918:
917:
912:
907:
902:
890:
885:
880:
875:
870:
865:
860:
855:
850:
845:
833:
828:
816:
811:
806:
800:
798:
790:
789:
786:
784:
783:
776:
769:
761:
755:
754:
744:
737:
736:External links
734:
733:
732:
719:
682:
675:
668:
661:
655:
638:
619:
616:
613:
612:
596:
580:
567:
551:
544:
524:
515:
503:
475:
462:
450:
443:
417:
410:
377:
376:
374:
371:
370:
369:
364:
359:
354:
347:
344:
336:picture brides
324:Victor Metcalf
318:
315:
278:
275:
224:
223:
220:
217:
214:
153:
150:
104:
103:
102:
101:
88:
73:
69:
68:
65:
61:
60:
57:
53:
52:
42:
38:
37:
34:
30:
29:
26:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4479:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4462:1907 treaties
4460:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4412:1907 in Japan
4410:
4409:
4407:
4391:
4382:
4381:
4377:
4373:
4372:
4368:
4367:
4362:
4359:
4358:
4353:
4352:
4349:
4341:
4337:
4333:
4329:
4325:
4321:
4318:
4314:
4310:
4306:
4303:(grandfather)
4302:
4298:
4295:(grandfather)
4294:
4290:
4286:
4282:
4278:
4274:
4270:
4266:
4262:
4258:
4254:
4250:
4246:
4242:
4238:
4234:
4230:
4226:
4222:
4218:
4214:
4210:
4206:
4202:
4198:
4194:
4190:
4186:
4182:
4178:
4174:
4170:
4166:
4162:
4158:
4154:
4150:
4146:
4143:(second wife)
4142:
4138:
4134:
4130:
4129:
4127:
4125:
4121:
4114:
4110:
4106:
4101:
4097:
4092:
4089:
4088:
4083:
4080:
4076:
4070:
4069:Nature fakers
4065:
4064:
4062:
4058:
4054:
4049:
4046:
4042:
4041:
4039:
4035:
4026:
4025:, 2024 series
4024:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4009:
4006:
4004:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3979:
3976:
3974:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3959:
3956:
3954:
3949:
3948:
3946:
3942:
3939:
3935:
3932:
3928:
3925:
3921:
3920:
3918:
3912:
3905:
3901:
3898:
3894:
3890:
3886:
3882:
3880:
3874:
3871:
3867:
3864:
3860:
3857:
3853:
3850:
3846:
3843:
3839:
3836:
3832:
3829:
3825:
3822:
3818:
3813:
3809:
3808:
3806:
3802:
3797:
3793:
3790:
3789:New York City
3786:
3785:
3781:
3778:
3774:
3771:
3767:
3764:
3760:
3757:
3753:
3750:
3746:
3743:
3739:
3734:
3730:
3729:
3727:
3723:
3720:
3716:
3713:
3709:
3706:
3702:
3699:
3695:
3694:
3692:
3688:
3681:
3677:
3674:
3670:
3667:
3662:
3659:
3655:
3652:
3648:
3645:
3641:
3638:
3633:
3630:
3626:
3625:
3623:
3621:
3617:
3610:
3606:
3603:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3579:
3576:
3572:
3569:
3565:
3562:
3558:
3555:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3541:
3538:
3534:
3533:
3531:
3525:
3518:
3514:
3511:
3507:
3504:
3503:Elkhorn Ranch
3500:
3497:
3493:
3490:
3486:
3483:
3479:
3478:
3476:
3470:
3463:
3459:
3456:
3452:
3449:
3445:
3440:
3436:
3433:
3429:
3428:
3426:
3422:
3417:
3413:
3410:
3406:
3403:
3399:
3398:
3396:
3392:
3391:
3389:
3383:
3376:
3372:
3369:
3365:
3362:
3358:
3355:
3351:
3348:
3344:
3341:
3337:
3334:
3330:
3327:
3323:
3320:
3316:
3313:
3309:
3306:
3302:
3299:
3295:
3290:
3286:
3285:
3283:
3279:
3276:
3272:
3269:
3265:
3260:
3256:
3255:
3253:
3249:
3244:
3240:
3237:
3233:
3230:
3226:
3225:
3223:
3219:
3216:
3212:
3207:
3203:
3202:
3200:
3196:
3191:
3187:
3184:
3180:
3179:
3177:
3173:
3170:
3166:
3163:
3159:
3156:
3152:
3149:
3145:
3142:
3138:
3135:
3131:
3128:
3124:
3121:
3117:
3114:
3110:
3105:
3101:
3100:
3098:
3094:
3091:
3087:
3082:
3078:
3077:
3075:
3071:
3066:
3062:
3059:
3055:
3052:
3048:
3045:
3041:
3037:
3033:
3030:
3026:
3023:
3019:
3016:
3012:
3009:
3005:
3002:
2998:
2995:
2991:
2990:
2988:
2984:
2981:
2977:
2973:
2968:
2965:
2961:
2958:
2954:
2949:
2948:historic site
2945:
2944:
2942:
2938:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2927:
2923:
2915:
2911:
2907:
2903:
2899:
2896:
2892:
2888:
2885:
2881:
2877:
2874:
2870:
2869:
2866:
2862:
2855:
2850:
2848:
2843:
2841:
2836:
2835:
2832:
2820:
2819:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2809:
2807:
2805:Documentaries
2803:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2688:
2686:
2683:organizations
2678:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2658:
2656:
2652:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2592:
2590:
2586:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2549:Castle Garden
2547:
2545:
2542:
2541:
2539:
2533:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2473:
2471:
2467:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2447:
2445:
2441:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2383:
2380:
2379:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2337:2006 protests
2335:
2334:
2332:
2324:
2318:
2317:
2313:
2311:
2309:
2305:
2303:
2301:
2297:
2294:
2293:
2292:Wolf v. Vidal
2288:
2287:
2283:
2281:
2279:
2275:
2273:
2271:
2267:
2264:
2263:
2259:
2257:
2255:
2251:
2249:
2247:
2243:
2241:
2239:
2235:
2233:
2231:
2227:
2226:
2224:
2222:
2218:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2181:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2163:
2161:
2158:organizations
2153:
2147:
2144:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2131:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2069:
2068:
2065:
2064:
2062:
2058:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2004:
2002:
1998:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1941:
1940:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1927:
1925:
1921:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1831:
1829:
1825:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1765:
1763:
1759:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1742:
1741:
1739:
1735:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1720:
1718:
1714:
1711:
1701:
1696:
1689:
1684:
1682:
1677:
1675:
1670:
1669:
1666:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1625:
1623:
1619:
1614:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1561:
1558:
1557:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1507:
1505:
1501:
1496:
1490:
1487:
1483:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1461:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1394:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1322:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1248:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1206:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1169:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1132:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1075:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1048:
1043:
1040:
1036:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1001:
998:
996:
993:
991:
988:
986:
983:
981:
978:
976:
973:
971:
968:
966:
963:
961:
958:
956:
953:
951:
948:
946:
943:
941:
938:
936:
933:
932:
930:
926:
922:
916:
913:
911:
908:
906:
903:
899:
894:
891:
889:
886:
884:
881:
879:
876:
874:
871:
869:
866:
864:
861:
859:
856:
854:
851:
849:
846:
842:
837:
834:
832:
829:
825:
820:
817:
815:
812:
810:
807:
805:
802:
801:
799:
795:
791:
782:
777:
775:
770:
768:
763:
762:
759:
752:
748:
745:
743:
740:
739:
735:
728:
727:
720:
716:
712:
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
688:
683:
680:
676:
673:
669:
666:
662:
658:
652:
647:
646:
639:
635:
631:
627:
622:
621:
617:
609:
606:
603:Imai, Shiho.
600:
597:
593:
587:
585:
581:
577:
571:
568:
565:
561:
555:
552:
547:
545:9781598849462
541:
537:
536:
528:
525:
519:
516:
513:
507:
504:
493:on 2007-07-04
492:
488:
487:
479:
476:
472:
466:
463:
457:
455:
451:
446:
444:9780520916869
440:
436:
431:
430:
421:
418:
413:
407:
403:
399:
395:
394:
389:
382:
379:
372:
368:
365:
363:
360:
358:
355:
353:
350:
349:
345:
343:
341:
337:
331:
329:
325:
316:
314:
311:
308:by requiring
307:
303:
299:
298:
293:
287:
285:
276:
274:
272:
268:
264:
259:
257:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
233:
229:
228:San Francisco
221:
218:
215:
212:
211:
210:
208:
204:
203:
198:
194:
190:
185:
183:
179:
173:
171:
163:
158:
151:
149:
147:
143:
138:
134:
130:
126:
122:
100:
99:United States
89:
87:
76:
75:
74:
70:
66:
62:
58:
54:
43:
39:
35:
31:
27:
23:
4364:
4355:
4135:(first wife)
4085:
4061:Ananias Club
4053:Bully pulpit
4022:
4012:
4002:
3993:Rough Riders
3992:
3982:
3972:
3962:
3952:
3878:
3698:Bibliography
3592:
3582:
3544:
3529:and speeches
3402:Rough Riders
3242:
3190:Panama Canal
2987:Conservation
2816:
2796:Utah Compact
2559:Ellis Island
2544:Angel Island
2315:
2307:
2299:
2290:
2289: /
2285:
2277:
2269:
2260:
2253:
2245:
2237:
2229:
2000:21st century
1937: /
1843:
1761:19th century
1750: /
1746: /
1737:18th century
1716:Colonial era
1174:
725:
690:
686:
678:
671:
664:
644:
633:
629:
607:
599:
591:
575:
570:
559:
554:
534:
527:
518:
506:
495:. Retrieved
491:the original
485:
478:
470:
465:
428:
420:
396:. New York:
392:
381:
332:
320:
295:
288:
280:
260:
225:
206:
200:
186:
182:Presbyterian
174:
167:
131:between the
109:
107:
3985:, 1940 film
3975:, 1927 film
3955:, 1901 film
3585:(1913 book)
3547:(1882 book)
3162:Kinkaid Act
3134:Hepburn Act
2972:Square Deal
2916:(1895–1897)
2908:(1897–1898)
2900:(1899–1900)
2878:(1901–1909)
2554:East Boston
2238:Ozawa v. US
2067:Visa policy
2032:DACA (2012)
1503:(1945–1989)
1498:During the
1480: [
1458: [
1391: [
1319: [
1244:(1913–1945)
1237:World War I
1203: [
1166: [
1129: [
1072: [
1045: [
1033: [
928:(1868–1912)
896: [
839: [
822: [
797:(1854–1868)
693:: 188–198.
400:. pp.
4406:Categories
4231:(grandson)
4223:(grandson)
4215:(grandson)
4207:(grandson)
4199:(grandson)
4175:(daughter)
4151:(daughter)
3924:Teddy bear
3127:Elkins Act
3081:court case
2926:Presidency
2786:NumbersUSA
2588:Operations
2569:San Ysidro
2329:and events
2156:Government
522:Neu (1967)
497:2008-03-01
373:References
253:segregated
241:California
184:churches.
152:Background
48:1907-02-15
4279:(brother)
4096:Muckraker
3620:Elections
3593:The Forum
3517:Gravesite
2564:Otay Mesa
2443:Geography
2129:Detention
925:Meiji era
715:143253107
398:Routledge
202:Chronicle
193:Chinatown
178:Methodist
56:Effective
4390:Category
4334:(nephew)
4287:(sister)
4271:(sister)
4263:(mother)
4255:(father)
3527:Writings
3472:Life and
2931:timeline
2382:Coyotaje
2114:E-Verify
2104:US-VISIT
1618:Cold War
1500:Cold War
346:See also
237:nativism
135:and the
4326:(niece)
4311:(uncle)
4037:Related
4023:Elkhorn
3916:culture
3914:Popular
3783:Statues
3333:Cabinet
2357:Effects
1621:(1989–)
707:1016465
594:p. 375.
562:(1907)
304:of the
256:schools
162:Seattle
127:was an
72:Parties
46: (
33:Context
4124:Family
3690:Legacy
3387:events
2889:(1901)
2310:(2021)
2302:(2021)
2295:(2020)
2280:(2020)
2272:(2011)
2265:(2001)
2256:(1975)
2248:(1923)
2240:(1922)
2232:(1898)
2180:BORTAC
2134:Family
2087:Asylum
753:Online
713:
705:
653:
564:online
542:
512:online
441:
408:
115:日米紳士協約
96:
83:
64:Expiry
41:Signed
4342:(dog)
4191:(son)
4183:(son)
4167:(son)
4159:(son)
3945:Films
3938:Books
3881:(1906
3474:homes
3385:Other
1616:Post-
1484:]
1462:]
1395:]
1323:]
1207:]
1170:]
1133:]
1076:]
1049:]
1037:]
900:]
843:]
826:]
711:S2CID
703:JSTOR
86:Japan
4340:Pete
3889:1984
3885:1961
3877:USS
3680:1912
3673:1904
3666:1900
3658:1916
3651:1912
3644:1904
3637:1900
3361:1908
3354:1906
2895:33rd
2884:25th
2873:26th
1939:1965
1752:1798
1748:1795
651:ISBN
636:(4).
540:ISBN
439:ISBN
406:ISBN
180:and
108:The
67:1924
59:1907
25:Type
749:on
695:doi
691:122
239:in
4408::
3887:,
3883:,
3038:,
1482:ja
1460:ja
1393:ja
1321:ja
1241:II
1205:ja
1168:ja
1131:ja
1074:ja
1047:ja
1035:ja
898:ja
841:ja
824:ja
709:.
701:.
689:.
634:31
632:.
628:.
583:^
453:^
437:.
435:43
404:.
402:21
390:.
148:.
118:,
4107:"
4103:"
4098:"
4094:"
4071:"
4067:"
4055:"
4051:"
3891:)
2974:"
2970:"
2933:)
2929:(
2853:e
2846:t
2839:v
2182:)
2178:(
1687:e
1680:t
1673:v
1239:–
780:e
773:t
766:v
717:.
697::
659:.
548:.
500:.
447:.
414:.
334:"
294:(
124:)
112:(
50:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
