246:
428:' of Welsh tradition. Vortigern ordered his daughter to bring her child to Germanus and name the bishop as its father. The scheme having failed, Vortigern was cursed by Germanus and the council of Britons, and fled into Wales followed by Germanus and the clergy. They pursued him to a castle on the river Teifi, where they fasted and prayed for three days and three nights. Finally, fire fell from heaven consuming the castle, the guilty king, and his company. While the story appears to have no historical basis, it does indicate in what reverence Germanus was held in the Church in that part of the land.
295:
375:, which was likely in some sort of tomb or basilica. Some translators use the word "shrine"; this word, which is not the original Latin, would have suggested that the cult of Saint Alban had been established before Germanus' visit to Britain. That night, Germanus claimed that Saint Alban came to him in a dream, revealing the details of his martyrdom. Some scholars have even interpreted the relevant passage in a postscript to the
266:, where he studied eloquence and civil law. He practiced there before the tribunal of the prefect for some years with great success. His high birth and brilliant talents brought him into contact with the court, and he married Eustachia, a lady highly esteemed in imperial circles. The emperor sent him back to Gaul, appointing him one of the six dukes, entrusted with the government of the Gallic provinces. He resided at Auxerre.
274:
and appealed to the prefect Julius for permission to confer the tonsure on
Germain. This being granted, Amator, who felt that his own life was drawing to a close, returned. When the duke came to the church, Amator caused the doors to be barred and gave him the tonsure against his will, telling him to live as one destined to be his successor, and forthwith made him a deacon.
459:
64:
848:
334:
of Paris. Germanus and Lupus confronted the
British clergy at a public meeting before a huge crowd in Britain. The Pelagians were described as being 'conspicuous for riches, brilliant in dress and surrounded by a fawning multitude'. The bishops debated and, despite having no popular support, Germanus
362:
is the traditional location. The enemy approaching, the former general put himself at the head of the
Christians. He led them into a vale between two high mountains, and ordered his troops shout when he gave them a sign. When the Saxon pirates came near them, he cried out thrice, Alleluia, which was
410:
Germanus may have made a second visit to
Britain in the mid 430s or mid 440s, though this is contested by some scholars who suggest it may be a 'doublet' or variant version of the visit that has been mistaken as describing a different visit and erroneously included as such by Constantius, according
393:
originated within the circle of
Germanus at Auxerre. Germanus then deposited some of the bones of continental saints in the basilica, and took a sample of the earth at the site of Alban's martyrdom, which still bore the marks of the martyr's blood. Some have advanced arguments for the antiquity of
273:
by hanging hunting trophies on a certain tree, which in earlier times had been the scene of pagan worship. Amator remonstrated with him in vain. One day when the duke was absent, the bishop had the tree cut down and the trophies burnt. Fearing the anger of the duke, who wished to kill him, he fled
342:
power'. This use of the word tribune may imply the existence of some form of post-Roman government system. However, in
Constantius' lifetime tribune had acquired a looser definition, and often was used to indicate any military officer, whether part of the Imperial army or part of a town militia.
277:
When in a short time Amator died, Germain was unanimously chosen to fill the vacant see, being consecrated 7 July, 418. His education now served him in good stead in the government of the diocese, which he administered with great sagacity. He distributed his goods among the poor, practised great
411:
to whom
Germanus was joined by Severus, Bishop of Trier and met Elafius, "one of the leading men of the country". Germanus is said to have cured Elafius' enfeebled son by a miracle that served to persuade the population that Gaulish Catholicism rather than Pelagianism was the true faith.
402:), while others suggest it was a rather artificial creation from the final years of Roman Britain, or soon after. Some have, in fact, concluded that Germanus, himself, was responsible for the creation as well as the promotion of the cult although this has been disputed by others.
363:
followed by the whole army of
Britons. The sound echoed from the hills with a noise so loud that the barbarians, judging from the shout that they were facing a mighty army, flung down their arms and ran away, leaving behind their baggage and booty.
175:. He abandoned a career as a high-ranking government official to devote his formidable energy towards the promotion of the church and the protection of his "flock" in dangerous times, personally confronting, for instance, the barbarian king "
253:
Germanus was the son of
Rusticus and Germanilla, and his family was one of the noblest in Gaul in the latter portion of the fourth century. He received the very best education provided by the distinguished schools of
972:
Higham, Nicholas J (2014) “Constantius, Germanus and fifth century
Britain” in 'Early Medieval Europe' 22 (2), pp. 113-37; cf Thornhill, Philip "Saint Alban and the end of Roman Britain" (Revised Version
195:. The saint was said to have revealed the story of his martyrdom to Germanus in a dream or holy vision, and Germanus ordered this to be written down for public display. Germanus is venerated as a
776:. In the film, before he dies the Bishop recites his last words as a prophecy and founds the last legion of Britain, entrusting them with their standard: a silver dragon with a purple tail.
330:. On the way to Britain they passed through Nanterre, where Germanus noticed in the crowd which met them a young girl, whom he bade live as one espoused to Christ, and who later became St.
385:, possibly to be engraved on the walls or illustrated placards at a church site, either in Britain, or in Auxerre. It has been suggested that this account formed the basis of the
528:, Germanus is listed under July 31. He is described as 'passing at Ravenna, a bishop who defended Britain against the Pelagian heresy and travelled to make peace for Armorica'.
381:
as implying the saint's name was unknown before it was revealed to Germanus but other scholars have disputed this. When Germanus awoke, he had the account written down in
245:
785:, although his second and final mission to Britain took place twenty years before the year in which the movie is set. He is portrayed by Italian actor
676:
in Ireland in about 440, visited Britain in about 462, then returned to Ireland and was appointed Bishop of Man in 466, and died on the Isle of Man
450:
Based on the scanty evidence, some scholars have argued that his death should be dated to 442 or 448, and others that it should be dated to c. 437.
310:
Around 429, about twenty years after the Roman administration had been ejected from Britain, a Gaulish assembly of bishops chose Germanus and
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557:
467:
650:
389:, the foundational text of all information about Saint Alban: while this is fundamentally unprovable the evidence is strong that the
318:
was rife among the British clergy, led by a British bishop's son named Agricola. Germanus went to combat the threat and satisfy the
1264:
618:, though this may have been a different man of a similar name. In the medieval tradition Germanus was frequently conflated with the
553:
772:
based on the novel, Germanus dies in Britain after his arrival on the island to lead the Romans and Britons against the barbarian
1299:
974:
1284:
1197:
Wood, I. N. (1984) "The End of Roman Britain: Continental evidence and parallels", in M. Lapidge & D. Dumville (eds.)
1036:
Wood, I. N. (1984) "The End of Roman Britain: Continental evidence and parallels", in M. Lapidge & D. Dumville (eds.)
812:
MacErlean, Andrew. "St. Germain." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 6. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1909. 26 Jan. 2013
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561:
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38:
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network. His journey to Britain is commemorated in his dedications at Siouville and at Saint-Germain-les-Vaux in the
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1180:. New York: Harper Torchbooks (A translation of the "Life of St Germanus" appears on pp. 283–320)
371:
Immediately after the debate with the Pelagians, Germanus gave thanks for his victory at the grave of
1279:
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of circa 829 it is during this second visit, around 447, that Germanus is said to have condemned for
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221:
994:
Sharpe, Richard (2001). Henigand, M.; Lindley, P. (eds.). "The late antique passion of St Alban".
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323:
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116:
230:, which may possibly have been written or commissioned by Germanus. Constantius was a friend of
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in or around 429 AD, and the records of this visit provide valuable information on the state of
447:. Germanus had famously confronted Goar, the king of the Alans, so Constantius's Life relates.
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204:
188:
168:
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583:
liturgical calendar for Wales, he is commemorated on August 3, July 31 being designated for
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In Wales, Germanus is remembered as an early influence on the Celtic Church. In the current
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Constantius also recounts the miraculous healing of the blind daughter of 'a man with
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191:. He also played an important part in the establishment and promotion of the Cult of
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and Fisher argued that Saint Garmon is a different Saint Germanus, who was born in
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237:, who accompanied Germanus to Britain, which provided him with a link to Germanus.
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17:
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A view of Auxerre's old town with the Abbey of Saint Germanus in the background.
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518:
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552:. A few other churches in England are dedicated to the saint, including
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while petitioning the Roman government for leniency for the citizens of
757:(2000) where he helps Patrick achieve his mission to convert the Irish.
592:
432:
339:
335:
was able to defeat the Pelagians using his superior rhetorical skills.
97:
81:
63:
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231:
37:"St. Germain d'Auxerre" redirects here. For the Parisian church, see
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466:
Saint Germanus' tomb continues to be venerated in the church of the
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Butler, Rev. Alban, "St. Germanus, Bishop of Auxerre, Confessor",
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50:
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
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Germanus is traditionally credited with the establishment of the
1122:. London: The Honourable Society of the Cymmrodorion. p. 77
497:. His cult is clearly distinguished from that of the homonymous
319:
263:
176:
172:
1081:"St Germanus the Bishop of Auxerre", Orthodox Church in America
1049:
Anthony A. Barrett, "Saint Germanus and the British Missions",
925:, "Alban and the Anglo-Saxon Church", in Robert Runcie (ed),
843:
MacErlean, Andrew. "St. Genevieve." The Catholic Encyclopedia
278:
austerities, and built a large monastery dedicated to Saints
870:"Saint Alban and the Cult of Saints in Late Antique Britain"
474:
on the Sunday nearest to or preceding his festival in July.
167:
378 – c. 442–448 AD) was a western Roman clergyman who was
224:
around 480, and a brief passage added onto the end of the
548:
bears his name and was in late Saxon times the seat of a
748:' (1992–2005) and the series "The Golden Eagle" (2005) .
948:
BUCEMA Bulletin du centre d'études médiévales d'Auxerre
210:
The principal source for the events of his life is the
1192:
Saint Germanus of Auxerre and the End of Roman Britain
1022:
Saint Germanus of Auxerre and the End of Roman Britain
354:
raiders, at a mountainous site near a river, of which
322:
that the British church would not break away from the
286:, whither he was wont to retire in his spare moments.
346:
Germanus led the native Britons to a victory against
269:
At length he incurred the displeasure of the bishop,
513:to the west of the city, both situated on the late
424:
and other crimes Guorthigern, identified with the '
122:
104:
91:
75:
70:
48:
1094:, 2004, Vatican Press (Typis Vaticanis), page 425.
725:Germanus's visit to Britain is the subject of the
927:Cathedral and City: St Albans Ancient and Modern,
1201:. Woodbridge, Suffolk: Boydell; pp. 1 – 25.
1040:. Woodbridge, Suffolk: Boydell; pp. 1 – 25.
481:of Saint Germanus of Auxerre spread in northern
183:he is best remembered for his journey to combat
845:Vol. 6. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1909
706:
1147:. London: Thomas Nelson and Sons. p. 94.
1185:The Settlements of the Celtic Saints in Wales
894:Constantius of Lyon; Trans. Vermaat, Robert.
622:Saint Garmon, who is commemorated in several
8:
207:churches, which commemorate him on 31 July.
1116:Baring-Gould, Sabine; Fisher, John (1911).
1016:
1014:
807:
805:
803:
314:, to visit the island. It was alleged that
45:
1119:The Lives of the British Saints, Volume 3
695:refers to Germanus in his humorous poem,
576:in Norfolk reflects a church dedication.
439:, against whom AĂ«tius had dispatched the
918:
916:
823:
821:
819:
564:, in Cornwall, as well as the church at
1032:
1030:
799:
709:And then with his stout Episcopal staff
27:5th century Bishop of Auxerre and saint
1215:"St. Germain, Bishop of Auxerre"
715:The heretics all, both short and tall,
501:. He is associated with the church at
414:According to a legend recorded in the
896:"The text of the Vita sancti Germani"
505:in the east of Paris and the cult of
30:For other people named Germanus, see
7:
1212:MacErlean, Andrew Alphonsus (1913).
1187:. Cardiff: University of Wales Press
367:Germanus and the Cult of Saint Alban
249:Statue of Saint Germanus of Auxerre.
1070:, p.37, Elliot Stock, London, 1895
779:Germanus appears in the 2004 film
629:and church dedications, including
572:. The name of the civil parish of
25:
751:Germanus appears in the TV movie
846:
712:So thoroughly whacked and banged
687:Fictional portrayals of Germanus
558:St Germanus' Church, Faulkbourne
468:Abbey of Saint-Germain d'Auxerre
62:
1068:The History of the Welsh Church
740:Germanus appears many times in
306:being taught by Saint Germanus.
554:St Germain's Church, Edgbaston
1:
944:"Germanus, Alban and Auxerre"
754:St. Patrick: The Irish Legend
677:
666:
164:
1290:5th-century Christian saints
718:They rather had been hanged.
603:(Anglican) parish church by
398:of Saint Alban (for example
1275:5th-century bishops in Gaul
1141:Belloc, Hilaire (c. 1912).
1104:National Calendar for Wales
524:In the 2004 edition of the
1316:
1106:, accessed 6 February 2012
697:The Pelagian Drinking Song
189:post-Roman British society
36:
29:
1008:Higham, Nick 2014 op.cit.
639:Llanarmon Dyffryn Ceiriog
562:St Germanus' Church, Rame
487:Saint-Germain l'Auxerrois
161:Saint Germain l'Auxerrois
145:Germanus Antissiodorensis
61:
39:Saint-Germain l'Auxerrois
32:Germanus (disambiguation)
1265:Bishops of Sodor and Man
1144:The four men / a farrago
762:Valerio Massimo Manfredi
701:The four men / a farrago
612:Diocese of Sodor and Man
298:Stained glass window at
1237:The American Cyclopædia
1190:Thompson, E. A. (1984)
1020:Thompson, E. A. (1984)
929:Martyn Associates, 1977
900:vortigernstudies.org.uk
830:The Lives of the Saints
499:Saint Germanus of Paris
312:Lupus, Bishop of Troyes
169:bishop of Autissiodorum
113:Eastern Orthodox Church
1300:Manx religious leaders
1199:Gildas: New Approaches
1038:Gildas: New Approaches
984:Wood, Ian 2009, op.cit
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463:
307:
250:
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100:, Western Roman Empire
1285:Romano-British saints
1221:Catholic Encyclopedia
1194:. Woodbridge: Boydell
1092:Martyrologium Romanum
1024:. Woodbridge: Boydell
643:Llanarmon Mynydd Mawr
574:Wiggenhall St Germans
461:
297:
248:
109:Roman Catholic Church
1183:Bowen, E. G. (1954)
1176:Hoare, F. R. (1965)
659:Sabine Baring-Gould
300:Gloucester Cathedral
282:on the banks of the
86:Western Roman Empire
1178:The Western Fathers
996:Alban and St Albans
607:, opened in 1884.
485:, hence the church
445:punitive expedition
262:, and then went to
222:Constantius of Lyon
137:Germanus of Auxerre
128:31 July (universal)
56:Germanus of Auxerre
1295:Gallo-Roman saints
1270:Bishops of Auxerre
942:Wood, Ian (2009).
744:series of novels '
665:(northern France)
597:St German's Church
585:Ignatius of Loyola
464:
417:Historia Brittonum
308:
251:
117:Anglican Communion
18:Germain of Auxerre
868:Garcia, Michael.
746:A Dream of Eagles
655:Castle Caereinion
556:, in Birmingham,
526:Roman Martyrology
280:Cosmas and Damian
134:
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105:Venerated in
16:(Redirected from
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532:In Great Britain
290:Visit to Britain
171:in Late Antique
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