281:("East Fresian News") from 1881 to 1971. It connected the 20,000 immigrants from East Friesland (Ostfriesland), Germany, to each other across the Midwest, and to their old homeland. In Germany East Friesland was often a topic of ridicule regarding backward rustics, but editor Leupke Hündling shrewdly combined stories of proud memories of Ostfriesland. By mixing local American and local German news, letters, poetry, fiction, and dialogue, the German-language newspaper allowed immigrants to honor their origins and celebrate their new life as highly prosperous farmers with much larger farms than were possible back in Ostfriesland. During both world wars, when Germany came under heavy attack, the paper stressed its humanitarian role, mobilizing readers to help the people of East Friesland with relief funds. Younger generations could usually speak German but not read it, so the subscription base dwindled away as the target audience Americanized itself.
294:
249:
language newspapers in the U.S. The papers were owned and operated in the U.S., with no control from
Germany. As Wittke emphasizes, the German-American press was "essentially an American press published in a foreign tongue." The papers reported on major political and diplomatic events involving Germany, with pride but from the viewpoint of its American readers. For example, during the latter half of the 19th century, at least 176 different German-language publications began operations in the city of Cincinnati alone. Many of these publications folded within a year, while a select few, such as the
218:
168:
447:
320:, and anguished over the anti-German America hysteria during World War I. He provided lengthy commentary attacking the National Catholic Welfare Conference, and the anti-Catholic elements in the presidential campaign of 1928. He called for more equitable Catholic treatment of African-Americans, and was an early advocate of liturgical reform. After 1945, only a few new German publications have been started. One example is
82:(1754-1799) became editor and ridiculed the Patriots as "slaves of Congress and the scum of the population which were turning society upside down so that a shoemaker had become a general and a fisherman an admiral." The circulation was largely limited to soldiers, and when the war ended the father was reduced to poverty and the son went into exile and set up a German newspaper in the province of New Brunswick, Canada.
208:
published an article regarding his service as a correspondent for
America to the German states saying, "His writings during and after the Civil War did more to create understanding and appreciation of the American situation in Germany and to float U.S. bonds in Europe than the combined efforts of all
248:
in
Chicago, promoted middle-class values and encouraged German ethnic loyalty among their readership. The Germans were proud of their language, supported many German-language public and private schools, and conducted their church services in German. They published at least two-thirds of all foreign
203:
wrote passionately against slavery and for
Lincoln. Raster published anti-slavery pamphlets and was the editor of the most influential German language newspaper in America at the time. He helped secure the votes of German-Americans across the United States for Abraham Lincoln. When Raster died the
284:
Tens of thousands of German families immigrated directly to the
Dakotas. They patronized 64 papers that operated between the 1870s and 1969, when the last German-language newspaper closed. The papers' roles evolved from preserving the language, heritage, and links to the old country, to promoting
229:
As for any immigrant population, the development of a foreign-language press helped immigrants more easily learn about their new home, maintain connections to their native land, and unite immigrant communities. By the late 19th century, Germania published over 800 regular publications. The most
269:
Nicholas E. Gonner (1835-1892), a
Catholic immigrant from Luxembourg, founded the Catholic Publishing Company of Dubuque, Iowa. His son Nicholas E. Gonner, Jr., (1870-1922) took over in 1892, editing two German language weeklies, an English language weekly, and the
36:
308:(in English) was a major conservative voice read closely by church leaders and intellectuals from 1894 until 1934. His father Edward Preuss was the editor of the most important German Catholic newspaper in the United States,
104:
In the period 1772 to the early 1840s, few
Germans immigrated to Pennsylvania, so there was little infusion of advanced journalistic technique from Germany. The numerous small newspapers focused increasingly on the local
266:) to prepare students and teachers in German language training. By the late 19th century, the Germania Publishing Company was established in Milwaukee; it was a publisher of books, magazines, and newspapers in German.
1116:
195:
became an influential voice for the German-Americans of southern
Illinois. Grimm was influential in supporting Abraham Lincoln for the 1860 nomination and in explaining the issues of the war to his readers.
751:
Peter
Conolly-Smith, "Transforming an Ethnic Readership Through "Word and Image": William Randolph Hearst's Deutsches Journal and New York's German-Language Press, 1895–1918", Volume 19, Number 1, 2009 in
255:, lasted nearly a century. Other cities experienced similar turnover among immigrant publications, especially from opinion press, which published little news and focused instead on editorial commentary.
51:(also spelled Sauer or Saur) (1693-1758) who emigrated to Philadelphia in 1724 and began publishing German language books, Bibles, and religious pamphlets in 1738. In 1739 he started a monthly paper,
43:
Pennsylvania was the population, religious, cultural, and intellectual center of German
America. While few Germans lived in Philadelphia itself, it was a convenient center for publications.
1121:
1106:
191:
in St. Louis (1864-1905). Franz Grimm, exiled editor of the 'Blätter der Zeit' in Brunswick, Germany, resettled across from St. Louis in Belleville, Illinois, where his
1126:
109:
community, and changed the language from high German to the local dialect. By 1802, Pennsylvanian Germans published newspapers not only in Philadelphia, but also in
441:
342:
990:
593:
187:(1827 - 1905) in St. Louis, a major center of German culture in the west. He was a leader of the German American community as part owner and editor of the
1101:
312:
from 1877 to his death in 1902; Arthur then took it over. He was intensely loyal to the Vatican, and denounced all forms of modernism, especially the "
1111:
470:
1096:
630:
134:
19:
includes newspapers, magazines, and the newer media, with coverage of the reporters, editors, commentators, producers and other key personnel. The
63:. It was one of the most influential pre-Revolutionary newspapers in the colonies. Sower emphasized news and controversy regarding the numerous
85:
Most of the German press in colonial Pennsylvania supported the Patriot cause in the American Revolution. The most important figure was editor
78:") sect opposed slavery and promoted pacifism. However, during the American Revolution he enthusiastically supported the Loyalist cause. His son
293:
867:
661:
499:
Donald F. Durnbaugh, "Christopher Sauer Pennsylvania-German Printer: His Youth in Germany and Later Relationships with Europe."
955:
840:
621:
317:
1029:
Rowan, Steven. "The German press in St. Louis and Missouri in the nineteenth century: The establishment of a tradition."
515:
Ralph Frasca, "'To Rescue the Germans Out of Sauer's Hands': Benjamin Franklin's German-Language Printing Partnerships."
1010:
Der Wanderer of St. Paul: The First Decade, 1867-1877: a Mirror of the German-Catholic Immigrant Experience in Minnesota
183:
had fled to America after the failure of the liberal revolution in Germany. Well educated, many became editors such as
1001:
Herbert, Etzler T. "German-American Newspapers in Texas with Special Reference to the 'Texas Volksblatt,' 1877-1889."
71:
1083:
offers full-text digital access to 24 German-language newspaper titles—over 150,000 pages, with more added annually.]
428:
277:
Germany was a large country with many diverse subregions which contributed immigrants. Dubuque was the base of the
262:, brought their strong support of education, establishing German-language schools and teacher training seminaries (
619:
McCann, Mary Agnes (1920). "The Most Reverend John Baptist Purcell, D.D., Archbishop of Cincinnati (1800-1883)".
388:
232:
48:
167:
130:
122:
478:
414:
251:
244:
110:
114:
79:
549:
520:
504:
394:
313:
238:
118:
325:
139:
676:
642:
126:
106:
64:
1022:
Richter, Anton H. "'Gebt ihr den Vorzug': The German-Language Press of North and South Dakota."
898:
Anton H. Richter, "'Gebt ihr den Vorzug': The German-Language Press of North and South Dakota."
304:(1871-1934) was a leading Catholic theologian and journalist. He was a layman in St Louis. His
67:
religious sects; he angered the large Lutheran community by regularly ridiculing its formalism.
217:
991:"Chronicling America's Historic German Newspapers and the Growth of the American Ethnic Press"
929:
Arthur Preuss: Journalist and Voice of German and Conservative Catholics in America, 1871-1934
863:
857:
634:
594:"Chronicling America's Historic German Newspapers and the Growth of the American Ethnic Press"
86:
44:
1061:
1056:
Waldenrath, Alexander. "The German Language Newspress in Pennsylvania during World War I."
359:
321:
20:
687:
Harvey Saalberg, "Dr. Emil Preetorius, Editor-in-Chief Of The 'Westliche Post' 1864-1905,"
844:
365:
337:
205:
184:
24:
978:
Groen, Henry John. "A Note on the German-American Newspapers of Cincinnati before 1860."
446:
1039:
Saalberg, Harvey. "The Westliche Post of St. Louis: German-Language Daily, 1857–1938."
398:
377:
200:
180:
973:
Translating America: An Immigrant Press Visualizes American Popular Culture, 1895–1918
882:
Matthew Lindaman, "Heimat in the heartland: The significance of an ethnic newspaper."
431:(*1965), founder and publisher of the Pennsylvania German newspaper "Hiwwe wie Driwwe"
1090:
404:
383:
301:
156:
74:(1721-1784) took over the business and as a leader of the German Baptist Brethren ("
758:
Translating America: An Ethnic Press Visualizes Popular American Culture, 1895–1918
753:
98:
1044:
837:
705:
47:
tried and failed to set up the German language newspaper. The first publisher was
371:
354:
544:
John B. Stoudt "The German Press in Pennsylvania and the American Revolution."
101:
legend, to provide a context for patriot support in the conflict with Britain.
638:
259:
35:
950:
Bergquist, James M. "The German-American Press," in Sally M. Miller, ed.,
952:
The Ethnic Press in the United States: A Historical Analysis and Handbook
1034:
983:
966:
916:
887:
646:
274:
the only Catholic daily newspaper ever published in the United States.
975:(Smithsonian Books, 2004). 414 pp. focus on German American newspapers
700:
Hanno Hardt, "A German-American Editor Supports the Union, 1860–62."
89:, an immigrant from Germany. He published a German translation of the
1080:
75:
775:
The Winning of the Midwest: Social and Political Conflict, 1888–1896
961:
Conley, Rory T. "Arthur Preuss, German-Catholic Exile in America."
911:
Rory T. Conley, "Arthur Preuss, German-Catholic Exile in America."
445:
216:
166:
34:
716:"Inventory of the Hermann Raster Papers". The Newberry Library.
677:
https://www.worldcat.org/title/alte-und-neue-welt/oclc/13922253
97:
Miller often wrote about Swiss history and myth, such as the
1117:
German-language newspapers published in the United States
1049:
Shore, Elliott, Ken Fones-Wolf, and James P. Danky, eds.
27:
publications one by one closed down for lack of readers.
565:: A Revolutionary Journalist's Use of the Swiss Past,"
425:
magazine; an outspoken liberal isolationist in politics
380:(1827 – 1891), 19th century editor and political figure
53:
Der Hoch-Deutsch Pennsylvanische Geschichts-Schreiber
1031:
The Papers of the Bibliographical Society of America
945:
The German Language Press of the Americas, 1732-1968
477:. The Pennsylvania State University. Archived from
55:("High German Pennsylvania Annalist"), later named
1081:"Chronicling America" from the Library of Congress
666:. The S. J. Clarke Publishing Company. p. 12.
368:(1823 – 1895), 19th century publisher and sheriff
225:building as it stood following its 1873 expansion
1122:German-language mass media in the United States
663:Cincinnati, the Queen City, 1788-1912, Volume 2
442:German language newspapers in the United States
343:German language newspapers in the United States
328:newspaper, which has been established in 1997.
546:Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography
517:Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography
501:Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography
151:J. G. Wesselhoeft in Philadelphia established
23:were thoroughly assimilated by the 1920s, and
1041:Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly
702:Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly
8:
1017:The ethnic press: shaping the American dream
386:(1851 – 1915), German Catholic newspapers;
133:. The oldest German Catholic newspaper, the
689:Bulletin of the Missouri Historical Society
1107:History of mass media in the United States
230:prestigious daily newspapers, such as the
1127:German emigrants to the Thirteen Colonies
814:The German Language Press of the Americas
258:German Americans in many cities, such as
155:in 1834 and expanded it with the help of
997:. National Endowment for the Humanities.
631:American Catholic Historical Association
297:German newspapers in North America, 1922
292:
147:Early Press with nationwide distribution
39:Front page of Sower's almanac (1739 ed.)
943:Arndt, Karl JR, and May E. Olson, eds.
600:. National Endowment for the Humanities
462:
471:"A History of Pennsylvania Newspapers"
374:(1840 – 1902), 19th century cartoonist
788:The German-Language Press in America.
7:
1068:The German-language Press In America
980:Monatshefte für deutschen Unterricht
826:The German-Language Press in America
762:The German-Language Press in America
740:The German-Language Press in America
580:The German Language Press in America
567:Yearbook of German-American Studies,
533:The German Language Press in America
884:Journal of American ethnic history
324:(Kutztown, PA), the nation's only
285:assimilation and Americanization.
14:
1102:American journalists by ethnicity
1051:The German-American Radical Press
1003:Southwestern Historical Quarterly
801:The German-American Radical Press
209:the U.S. ministers and consuls."
1112:Catholicism in the United States
1097:Journalism in the United States
859:Germany and the Americas: vol 2
561:A. G.. Roeber, "Henry Miller's
622:The Catholic Historical Review
397:(1882 – 1958) reporter at the
318:Catholic University of America
59:("Pennsylvania reports") and
1:
362:(1878 - 1965), CBS radio news
411:reporter; railroad financier
143:, began publishing in 1837.
1053:(U of Illinois Press, 1992)
95:Philadelphische Staatsbote.
91:Declaration of Independence
31:Early press in Pennsylvania
1143:
838:"Deutsch-Athen Revisited…"
799:Shore, "Introduction." in
173:Der Deutsche Correspondent
17:German American journalism
862:. ABC-CLIO. p. 458.
389:New Yorker Staats-Zeitung
279:Ostfriesische Nachrichten
233:New Yorker Staats-Zeitung
223:New Yorker Staats-Zeitung
93:(1776) in his newspaper
61:Die Germantauner Zeitung
57:Pennsylvanische Berichte
989:Grohsgal, Leah Weinry.
756:; Peter Conolly-Smith,
725:"Honor Herman Raster."
691:(1968) 24#2 pp 103-112.
592:Grohsgal, Leah Weinry.
569:1990, Vol. 25, pp 57-76
417:(1872 – 1949) owner of
415:Oswald Garrison Villard
401:; three Pulitzer Prizes
316:" heresy, promoted the
252:Cincinnati Freie Presse
245:Illinois Staats-Zeitung
1043:45#3 (1968): 452-472.
1033:99#3 (2005): 459-467.
971:Conolly-Smith, Peter.
704:42#3 (1965): 457-460.
454:
419:New York Evening Post,
298:
242:in St. Louis, and the
226:
176:
135:Cincinnati Archdiocese
40:
963:US Catholic Historian
947:(3 vol. Munich, 1973)
913:US Catholic Historian
760:(2004); Carl Wittke,
660:Clark, S. J. (1912).
449:
296:
220:
170:
80:Christopher Sower III
38:
1058:Pennsylvania History
1024:South Dakota History
900:South Dakota History
856:Thomas Adam (2005).
395:Herbert Bayard Swope
239:Anzeiger des Westens
72:Christopher Sower II
1026:10 (1980): 189-209.
1005:57 (1954): 423-431.
902:10 (1980): 189-209.
326:Pennsylvania German
193:Belleviller Zeitung
140:Der Wahrheitsfreund
1019:(Peter Lang, 2010)
1012:(Peter Lang, 1996)
843:2008-12-07 at the
455:
306:Fortnightly Review
299:
227:
177:
153:Alte und Neue Welt
107:Pennsylvania Dutch
65:Pennsylvania Dutch
41:
548:59 (1938): 74-90
519:(1997): 329-350.
475:libraries.psu.edu
213:Late 19th century
87:John Henry Miller
49:Christopher Sower
45:Benjamin Franklin
1134:
1008:Kulas, S. John.
998:
932:
927:Rory T. Conley,
925:
919:
909:
903:
896:
890:
880:
874:
873:
853:
847:
834:
828:
822:
816:
810:
804:
797:
791:
784:
778:
773:Richard Jensen,
771:
765:
749:
743:
736:
730:
723:
717:
714:
708:
698:
692:
685:
679:
674:
668:
667:
657:
651:
650:
616:
610:
609:
607:
605:
589:
583:
582:(1957) pp 27, 31
576:
570:
559:
553:
542:
536:
529:
523:
513:
507:
503:(1958): 316-340
497:
491:
490:
488:
486:
467:
360:H. V. Kaltenborn
322:Hiwwe wie Driwwe
264:Töchter-Institut
21:German Americans
1142:
1141:
1137:
1136:
1135:
1133:
1132:
1131:
1087:
1086:
1077:
1060:(1975): 25-41.
1015:Rhodes, Leara.
988:
982:(1945): 67-71.
965:(1994): 41-62.
940:
938:Further reading
935:
926:
922:
915:(1994): 41-62.
910:
906:
897:
893:
886:(2004): 78-98.
881:
877:
870:
855:
854:
850:
845:Wayback Machine
835:
831:
823:
819:
811:
807:
798:
794:
785:
781:
772:
768:
750:
746:
737:
733:
727:Chicago Tribune
724:
720:
715:
711:
699:
695:
686:
682:
675:
671:
659:
658:
654:
618:
617:
613:
603:
601:
591:
590:
586:
577:
573:
560:
556:
543:
539:
535:(1957) pp 19-20
530:
526:
514:
510:
498:
494:
484:
482:
469:
468:
464:
460:
440:See listing at
438:
409:Chicago Tribune
366:Anton C. Hesing
351:
338:German American
334:
291:
215:
206:Chicago Tribune
189:Westliche Post,
185:Emil Preetorius
165:
149:
33:
25:German language
12:
11:
5:
1140:
1138:
1130:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1089:
1088:
1085:
1084:
1076:
1075:External links
1073:
1072:
1071:
1066:Wittke, Carl.
1064:
1054:
1047:
1037:
1027:
1020:
1013:
1006:
999:
986:
976:
969:
959:
948:
939:
936:
934:
933:
920:
904:
891:
875:
868:
848:
829:
817:
805:
792:
779:
766:
744:
731:
718:
709:
693:
680:
669:
652:
611:
584:
571:
554:
537:
524:
508:
492:
481:on 8 July 2015
461:
459:
456:
451:Westliche Post
437:
434:
433:
432:
429:Michael Werner
426:
412:
407:(1835 – 1900)
402:
399:New York World
392:
381:
378:Hermann Raster
375:
369:
363:
357:
350:
347:
346:
345:
340:
333:
330:
290:
287:
272:Daily Tribune,
214:
211:
201:Hermann Raster
199:Forty-Eighter
181:Forty-Eighters
164:
161:
148:
145:
32:
29:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1139:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1094:
1092:
1082:
1079:
1078:
1074:
1069:
1065:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1052:
1048:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1025:
1021:
1018:
1014:
1011:
1007:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
987:
985:
981:
977:
974:
970:
968:
964:
960:
957:
953:
949:
946:
942:
941:
937:
930:
924:
921:
918:
914:
908:
905:
901:
895:
892:
889:
885:
879:
876:
871:
869:9781851096282
865:
861:
860:
852:
849:
846:
842:
839:
833:
830:
827:
821:
818:
815:
809:
806:
802:
796:
793:
789:
783:
780:
776:
770:
767:
763:
759:
755:
748:
745:
741:
738:Carl Wittke,
735:
732:
728:
722:
719:
713:
710:
707:
703:
697:
694:
690:
684:
681:
678:
673:
670:
665:
664:
656:
653:
648:
644:
640:
636:
632:
628:
624:
623:
615:
612:
599:
595:
588:
585:
581:
575:
572:
568:
564:
558:
555:
551:
547:
541:
538:
534:
531:Carl Wittke,
528:
525:
522:
518:
512:
509:
506:
502:
496:
493:
480:
476:
472:
466:
463:
457:
452:
448:
444:
443:
435:
430:
427:
424:
420:
416:
413:
410:
406:
405:Henry Villard
403:
400:
396:
393:
391:
390:
385:
384:Herman Ridder
382:
379:
376:
373:
370:
367:
364:
361:
358:
356:
353:
352:
349:Personalities
348:
344:
341:
339:
336:
335:
331:
329:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
302:Arthur Preuss
295:
288:
286:
282:
280:
275:
273:
267:
265:
261:
256:
254:
253:
247:
246:
241:
240:
235:
234:
224:
219:
212:
210:
207:
202:
197:
194:
190:
186:
182:
174:
169:
162:
160:
158:
157:William Radde
154:
146:
144:
142:
141:
136:
132:
128:
124:
120:
116:
112:
108:
102:
100:
96:
92:
88:
83:
81:
77:
73:
68:
66:
62:
58:
54:
50:
46:
37:
30:
28:
26:
22:
18:
1067:
1057:
1050:
1040:
1030:
1023:
1016:
1009:
1002:
994:
979:
972:
962:
951:
944:
928:
923:
912:
907:
899:
894:
883:
878:
858:
851:
832:
825:
820:
813:
808:
800:
795:
787:
782:
777:(1971) ch. 5
774:
769:
761:
757:
754:Project MUSE
747:
739:
734:
729:12 Aug. 1891
726:
721:
712:
701:
696:
688:
683:
672:
662:
655:
626:
620:
614:
602:. Retrieved
597:
587:
579:
574:
566:
562:
557:
545:
540:
532:
527:
516:
511:
500:
495:
483:. Retrieved
479:the original
474:
465:
450:
439:
422:
418:
408:
387:
309:
305:
300:
289:20th century
283:
278:
276:
271:
268:
263:
257:
250:
243:
237:
231:
228:
222:
198:
192:
188:
178:
175:in Baltimore
172:
171:Building of
152:
150:
138:
103:
99:William Tell
94:
90:
84:
69:
60:
56:
52:
42:
16:
15:
453:in St Louis
372:Thomas Nast
355:Roger Ebert
314:Americanism
1091:Categories
563:Staatsbote
436:Newspapers
131:Norristown
123:Harrisburg
958:pp 131–60
639:0008-8080
604:10 August
485:10 August
260:Milwaukee
163:Civil War
111:Lancaster
1035:in JSTOR
984:in JSTOR
967:in JSTOR
917:in JSTOR
888:in JSTOR
841:Archived
824:Wittke,
786:Wittke,
647:25011687
578:Wittke,
421:and the
332:See also
310:Amerika,
70:The son
995:neh.gov
954:(1987)
931:(1998).
812:Arndt,
764:(1957).
706:extract
633:: 183.
598:neh.gov
115:Reading
1070:(1973)
1062:online
1045:online
956:online
866:
742:(1957)
645:
637:
550:online
521:online
505:online
423:Nation
236:, the
129:, and
119:Easton
76:Dunker
643:JSTOR
629:(2).
458:Notes
179:Many
864:ISBN
836:See
790:p. 6
635:ISSN
606:2015
487:2015
221:The
127:York
137:'s
1093::
993:.
641:.
625:.
596:.
473:.
159:.
125:,
121:,
117:,
113:,
872:.
803:.
649:.
627:6
608:.
552:.
489:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
