986:
boundaries of the two postwar German states. Migration followed a sponsorship system predominantly led by churches, leading to an influx of German immigrants to existing German neighbourhoods in cities like
Toronto, Vancouver, and Winnipeg, as well as rural townships in the Prairies. Alexander Freund remarks that "or postwar Canadians the great influx of German-speaking immigrants after the war posed, at least potentially, a personal confrontation with the recent past that could be difficult to navigate." There were also tensions between Germans and other European immigrants, some of whom had suffered under German occupation in Europe. Postwar Canadians "did not distinguish between Germans and Nazis", and this perspective was bolstered by decades of American
2038:
children by 1910 attended schools taught entirely in
English. From 1900 to 1930, German Catholics generally voted for the Liberal ticket (rather than the Provincial Rights and Conservative tickets), seeing Liberals as more willing to protect religious minorities. Occasionally they voted for Conservatives or independent candidates who offered greater support for public funding of parochial schools. Nazi Germany made a systematic effort to proselytize among Saskatchewan's Germans in the 1930s. Fewer than 1% endorsed their message, but some did migrate back to Germany before anti-Nazi sentiment became overwhelming in 1939.
825:
61:
1880:
1772:
2300:
1808:
2009:
2099:) from August 6 to 9. This followed the format of a typical Turner event by also including theatrical and athletic events, as well as band concerts. Another festival was held the following year in the nearby community of Waterloo, which had an audience of 2000 people. It was followed in 1866 by an even larger event, organized by the German Club of Hamilton, which had 5000 attendees and featured choirs from both Ontario and the United States.
1556:
930:, indicate "A Lutheran minister was pulled out of his house... he was dragged through the streets. German clubs were ransacked through the course of the war. It was just a really nasty time period." A document in the Archives of Canada makes the following comment: "Although ludicrous to modern eyes, the whole issue of a name for Berlin highlights the effects that fear, hatred and nationalism can have upon a society in the face of war."
1013:
1736:
1592:
1700:
761:
596:
1628:
1120:
1073:
1916:
1520:
1484:
2286:
745:. For this reason, some historiographers such as George Elmore Reaman use the term "Pennsylvania German", in order to distinguish them from migrants originating in Holland. Another complicating factor in assigning definite ethnic identities or origins to many migrants is that a number spent sometimes as long as several generations living in intermediary places such as Pennsylvania,
1664:
1844:
886:, Ontario exhibited a strong German culture, and people of German origin made up a third of the population in 1911. Lutherans were the primary religious group. There were then nearly three times as many Lutherans as Mennonites. The latter, who had moved here from Pennsylvania in the first half of the 1800s, resided primarily in the rural areas and small communities.
1952:
2680:
2386:
995:
veterans' organizations, was formed with the exclusion of German or other inter-cultural perspectives on the war, emphasizing instead themes of heroism and sacrifice by
Canadian soldiers. Some German-Canadians "withdrew into a 'culture of grievance.'" As time went on, Canadian perspectives broadened around controversial Allied actions such as the
2710:
2650:
2740:
571:
the 19th and 20th centuries were prone to using ambiguous terms such as "Pennsylvania Dutch". This term is sometimes described as a "misnomer" for
Germans, but in its usage by English colonial authorities, "Dutch" was often an umbrella term which included people whose Germanic ancestry was in regions as widely separated as
990:
which portrayed
Germans in an unsympathetic light. Pressure increased on Germans to assimilate. German-Canadians began to create advocacy organizations to promote their interests, such as the Trans-Canada Alliance for German Canadians, which was founded in 1951 by social democrats but was soon taken
985:
Between 1945 and 1994, some 400,000 German-speaking immigrants arrived in Canada; approximately 270,000 of these arrived by the early 1960s. Around a third of postwar German immigrants were from various parts of
Eastern Europe and formerly German or German-ruled territories which fell outside of the
570:
in general, and in
English, "Dutch" was sometimes used as a shorthand for any broadly Germanic people. Early Anglophone historians and contemporary travellers in Canada rarely mentioned the ethnic identity, primary language, or place of origin of early settlers at all, and even later historians in
2154:
produced a number of works on folklore in
Ontario during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, including communities whose traditions and beliefs were based in the Pennsylvania German cultural milieu. With widespread social change in the 20th century, these traditional beliefs began to decline,
2028:
In
Saskatchewan the German settlers came directly from Russia, or, after 1914 from the Dakotas. They came not as large groups but as part of a chain of family members, where the first immigrants would find suitable locations and send for the others. They formed compact German-speaking communities
804:
The German
Protestants developed the Lutheran Church along Canadian lines. In Waterloo County, Ontario, with large German elements that arrived after 1850, the Lutheran churches played major roles in the religious, cultural and social life of the community. After 1914 English became the preferred
898:
in the Waterloo County area and some cultural sanctions on the community, primarily in Berlin, Ontario (now Kitchener). Mennonites in the area were pacifist and so would not enlist. Immigrants from Germany found it morally difficult to fight against a country that was a significant part of their
2037:
established their villages in a 40-mile-wide tract east of Regina. The Germans operated parochial schools primarily to maintain their religious faith; often they offered only an hour of German language instruction a week, but they always had extensive coverage of religion. Most German Catholic
2024:
in western Canada. Over a quarter of people in Saskatchewan are German-Canadians. German bloc settlements include the areas around Strasbourg, Bulyea, Leader, Burstall, Fox Valley, Eatonia, St. Walburg, Paradise Hill, Loon Lake, Goodsoil, Pierceland, Meadow Lake, Edenwold, Windthorst, Lemberg,
994:
Going into the 1960s, Canadian nationalism and ethnic politics revolved increasingly around the Anglophone-Francophone divide, leaving little place for other groups, including the Germans. As the war became more distant, the Canadian national narrative, guided by historians, journalists, and
820:
in April 1835. The secular organization's purpose was to bring together the German community in the city and act as a unified voice, help sick and needy members of the community, and maintain customs and traditions. The Society is still active and celebrated its 180th anniversary in 2015.
2741:"Ethnic Origin (264), Single and Multiple Ethnic Origin Responses (3), Generation Status (4), Age Groups (10) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2011 National Household Survey"
2203:
painted on barns in Pennsylvania were historically absent from German barns in Ontario, as barns were usually unpainted. There was, however, a strong belief in rituals and objects associated with both good and bad luck; good luck is associated with charms and symbols such as the
2387:"Ethnic Origin (279), Single and Multiple Ethnic Origin Responses (3), Generation Status (4), Age (12) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data"
933:
Across Canada, internment camps opened in 1915 and 8,579 "enemy aliens" were held there until the end of the war. Many were German-speaking immigrants from Austria, Hungary, Germany, and Ukraine. Only 3,138 were classed as prisoners of war; the rest were civilians.
800:
By 1871, nearly 55% of the population of Waterloo County had German origins. Especially in Berlin, German was the dominant language spoken. Research indicates that there was no apparent conflict between the Germans from Europe and those who came from Pennsylvania.
684:. Following the defeat of British forces, about 2,200 of them settled in Canada once their terms of service had expired or they had been released from American captivity. For example, a group from the Brunswick Regiment settled southwest of
791:
The same geographic area also attracted new German migrants from Europe, roughly 50,000 between the 1830 and 1860. Research indicates that there was no apparent conflict between the Germans from Europe and those who came from Pennsylvania.
2108:(German-Canadian Choir Federation) in Hamilton in 1873 and the Canadian Choir Federation in Berlin in 1893. Major song and music festivals were held by German communities throughout Ontario in Toronto, Hamilton, Waterloo, Bowmanville,
2711:"Ethnic Origin (247), Single and Multiple Ethnic Origin Responses (3) and Sex (3) for the Population of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2006 Census - 20% Sample Data"
863:. Their increase accelerated in the 1920s, when the United States imposed quotas on Central and Eastern European immigration. Soon, Canada imposed its own limits, however, and prevented most of those trying to flee the
727:", who preferred British rule for religious reasons. These groups were formed on the basis of belief rather than ethnicity, but a number had their origin in Germany or in ethnic German communities in places such as
2122:
were organized by Berlin's Concordia Club; one 1879 festival which was organized by the club attracted 12,000 visitors. Anti-German sentiment, which arose during the First World War, led to an interruption in the
2651:"Data tables, 1996 Census Population by Ethnic Origin (188) and Sex (3), Showing Single and Multiple Responses (3), for Canada, Provinces, Territories and Census Metropolitan Areas, 1996 Census (20% Sample Data)"
914:
Several streets in Toronto that had previously been named for Liszt, Humboldt, Schiller, Bismarck, etc. were changed to names with strong British associations, such as Balmoral. There were anti-German riots in
2129:, along with other German cultural institutions, and attempts to re-establish the tradition during the mid-20th century postwar period were largely unsuccessful due to social changes. The last significant
2681:"Ethnic Origin (232), Sex (3) and Single and Multiple Responses (3) for Population, for Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2001 Census - 20% Sample Data"
2155:
though some persisted in reduced form. These communities were deeply religious, but also commonly had spiritual beliefs described by George Elmore Reaman as "mystic". Their folkloric traditions included
676:, a state in what is now northwestern Germany. Thousands of soldiers fighting for the British were members of regiments hired from various small German states. These soldiers were collectively known as "
805:
language for sermons and publications. Absent a seminary, the churches trained their own ministers, but there was a doctrinal schism in the 1860s. While the anglophone Protestants promoted the
5901:
5884:
6108:
230:
226:
2854:
3018:
772:. Many of their families' ancestors had been from southern Germany or Switzerland. In the early 1800s, they began to move to what is now southwestern Ontario and settled around the
2025:
Qu'appelle, Neudorf, Grayson, Langenburg, Kerrobert, Unity, Luseland, Macklin, Humboldt, Watson, Cudworth, Lampman, Midale, Tribune, Consul, Rockglen, Shaunavon and Swift Current.
3099:
2539:"1981 Census of Canada : volume 1 - national series : population = Recensement du Canada de 1981 : volume 1 - série nationale : population. Ethnic origin"
4462:
3817:
White, Clinton O. (September 1997). "The Politics of Elementary Schools in a German-American Roman Catholic Settlement in Canada's Province of Saskatchewan, 1903â1925".
943:
6600:
3048:
2175:. They had a complex set of beliefs around thunder and lightning and their cause and avoidance, as well as particular beliefs around fires caused by lightning. The
518:, "Germany" and "Germans" were ambiguous terms which could at times encompass peoples and territories not only in the modern state of Germany, but also modern-day
4405:
Waters, Tony (Summer 1995). "Towards a Theory of Ethnic Identity and Migration: The Formation of Ethnic Enclaves by Migrant Germans in Russia and North America".
3991:
Fair, Ross (2012). "Chapter 4: Model Farmers, Dubious Citizens: Reconsidering the Pennsylvania Germans of Upper Canada, 1786â1834". In Freund, Alexander (ed.).
3976:
Entz, Werner. "The Suppression of the German Language Press in September 1918 (with special reference to the secular German language press in western Canada)."
2353:
2057:(Turner clubs) were active in both Canada and the United States, and were associated with communities of German continental immigrants in urban centres such as
2029:
built around their Catholic or Lutheran churches, and continuing old-world customs. They were farmers who grew wheat and sugar beets. Arrivals from Russia,
6160:
2171:, blessings, and particular times of the year, such as specific holidays. The moon and its phases were also important to them, as well as the signs of the
2081:) movement, which began in Germany at the start of the 19th century, spread to the United States by the 1840s, and to Canada by 1862, when the first major
6621:
4467:
2511:"1971 Census of Canada : population : vol. I - part 3 = Recensement du Canada 1971 : population : vol. I - partie 3. Ethnic groups"
2473:"1961 Census of Canada : population : vol. I - part 2 = 1961 Recensement du Canada : population : vol. I - partie 2. Ethnic groups"
4529:
3193:
2240:
3073:
4447:
Worsfold, Elliot. "Cast Down, But Not Forsaken: The Second World War Experience and Memory of German-Canadian Lutherans in Southwestern Ontario."
2862:
4562:
3113:
6278:
4328:
4091:
4060:
3804:
White, Clinton O. (1994). "Pre-World War I Saskatchewan German Catholic thought concerning the perpetuation of their language and religion".
3762:
3140:
904:
852:
622:, the continental Protestants were encouraged to migrate to Nova Scotia between 1750 and 1752 to counterbalance the large number of Catholic
4115:
Lorenzkowski, Barbara (2012). "Germania in Canada â Nation and Ethnicity at the German Peace Jubilees of 1871". In Freund, Alexander (ed.).
6626:
6516:
6072:
4878:
4301:
2783:
3026:
6636:
6521:
6122:
6081:
4217:
2245:
1419:
1411:
6631:
4538:
996:
6243:
5791:
5649:
5351:
4309:
4136:
4008:
3943:
3781:
3696:
3610:
2163:, health and health problems, wild and domestic animals, crops, certain herbs and other plants believed to have special properties,
1051:
692:. In this, they formed part of a larger population movement composed of several waves of migration northward from the newly-founded
643:
3960:
660:
In the late 18th century, British colonies in North America were significantly affected by the outbreak and subsequent loss of the
4171:
2328:
974:
if they were deemed to be "enemy aliens". For Germans, that applied especially to single males who had some association with the
4221:
900:
6486:
5611:
4407:
4017:
Foster, Lois, and Anne Seitz. "Official attitudes to Germans during World War II: some Australian and Canadian comparisons."
2051:
The choral tradition is historically very prominent within German music in Canada. In the latter part of the 19th century,
6311:
6092:
5731:
5228:
4522:
975:
712:
639:
599:
4397:
Maxwell, Alexander, and Sacha E. Davis. "Germanness beyond Germany: collective identity in German diaspora communities."
4552:
3844:
3826:
3651:"Troubling Memories in Nation-building: World War II Memories and Germans' Inter-ethnic Encounters in Canada after 1945"
978:. No compensation was paid to them after the war. In Ontario, the largest internment centre for German Canadians was at
3983:
Fair, Ross. "'Theirs was a deeper purpose': The Pennsylvania Germans of Ontario and the Craft of the Homemaking Myth."
2191:("thunder wedge"); it was associated with the splitting of trees by lightning. People who were regarded as witches and
4381:
4120:
4083:
6491:
3714:
Heick, Wilfrid H. (December 1964). "Becoming an Indigenous Church: The Lutheran Church in Waterloo County, Ontario".
2252:
1151:
Note2: 1996-present census populations are undercounts, due to the creation of the "Canadian" ethnic origin category.
1104:
Note2: 1996-present census populations are undercounts, due to the creation of the "Canadian" ethnic origin category.
488:
Note2: 1996-present census populations are undercounts, due to the creation of the "Canadian" ethnic origin category.
824:
708:, obscuring particular ethnic and religious identities, as well as their exact motivations for migrating to Canada.
610:
when France colonized the area, but large-scale migration from Germany began only under British rule, when Governor
6268:
5949:
4100:
Keyserlingk, Robert H. "The Canadian Government's Attitude Towards Germans and German Canadians in World War Two."
3913:
Bausenhart, Werner A. (1972). "The Ontario German Language Press and Its Suppression by Order-in-Council in 1918".
3166:
916:
817:
661:
2199:. Accounts of witch doctors often associate them with charms, or healing of both people and livestock. The famous
642:
in Halifax, is on land which was set aside for the German-speaking community in 1756. The church was designated a
6547:
6191:
6140:
5748:
5105:
4107:
Keyserlingk, Robert H. 'Agents within the Gates': The Search for Nazi Subversives in Canada during World War II"
4026:
Coming Home to the Third Reich: Return Migration of German Nationals from the United States and Canada, 1933-1941
3853:
3733:
3579:
1775:
673:
631:
6087:
4390:
Bassler, Gerhard P. "Silent or silenced co-founders of Canada? Reflections on the history of German Canadians."
2116:, Port Elgin, Bridgeport, Elmira, and, most often out of all of these, in Berlin. Three of the most spectacular
4736:
4515:
2341:
2225:
1147:
Note1: 1981 Canadian census did not include multiple ethnic origin responses, thus population is an undercount.
1100:
Note1: 1981 Canadian census did not include multiple ethnic origin responses, thus population is an undercount.
927:
908:
785:
665:
484:
Note1: 1981 Canadian census did not include multiple ethnic origin responses, thus population is an undercount.
205:
221:, there are 3,322,405 Canadians with full or partial German ancestry. Some immigrants came from what is today
2778:
704:. In traditional Canadian historiography, these migrants are often grouped together under the broad label of
6392:
5954:
5584:
5090:
4757:
4557:
4472:
705:
567:
175:
4036:
Journal of International Migration and Integration/Revue de l'integration et de la migration internationale
3650:
3201:
2151:
753:, who originated in the Palatinate (today a part of Germany) but had been settled for a time in Ireland by
6012:
5847:
5834:
5535:
5061:
4873:
4029:
655:
635:
515:
6324:
5572:
4596:
3074:"ARCHIVED - Did You Know That⊠- ARCHIVED - Canada and the First World War - Library and Archives Canada"
6542:
6380:
6022:
6017:
5997:
5642:
5616:
5439:
5218:
5186:
5138:
5051:
5043:
4484:
3620:
Clark, Jessica; Isern, Thomas D. (Spring 2010). "Germans from Russia in Saskatchewan: An Oral History".
2333:
1883:
895:
773:
60:
35:
6404:
6368:
5966:
1022:
6341:
1879:
1771:
6426:
6358:
6346:
6135:
5829:
5606:
5480:
5434:
5393:
5325:
5158:
5148:
5123:
5095:
4993:
4934:
4924:
4914:
4762:
1811:
959:
855:
in Russia. The farmers were used to the harsh conditions of farming in southern Imperial Russia (now
724:
615:
234:
218:
6564:
3728:
3574:
1132:
1085:
6511:
6385:
6351:
6226:
6037:
6002:
5419:
5371:
5366:
5335:
5289:
5176:
5133:
5113:
5078:
5028:
5023:
5006:
4929:
4909:
4899:
4894:
4853:
4843:
4665:
4242:"The Unbounded German Nation: Dr. Otto Hahn and German Emigration to Canada in the 1870s and 1880s"
2313:
872:
619:
576:
2829:
2012:
People who have self-identified as having German ancestors are the plurality in many parts of the
6537:
6506:
6496:
6290:
6253:
6211:
6027:
5971:
5906:
5857:
5824:
5812:
5807:
5779:
5743:
5598:
5540:
5454:
5444:
5424:
5409:
5383:
5274:
5259:
5213:
5208:
5181:
5118:
5073:
5013:
4919:
4868:
4858:
4822:
4783:
4778:
4741:
4718:
4706:
4701:
4691:
4660:
4613:
4581:
4436:
4428:
4263:
4195:
3884:
3865:
3637:
2323:
2096:
2066:
848:
781:
732:
677:
514:
is used in reference to the German language and people. Before the modern era and especially the
167:
6172:
4574:
4353:
2622:
2594:
2566:
2538:
2510:
2472:
2008:
1033:
1807:
30:
This article is about Canadians of German ancestry. For the newspaper whose name translates as
6285:
6221:
6201:
6196:
6145:
6130:
6077:
6049:
6032:
5976:
5916:
5911:
5817:
5530:
5525:
5520:
5513:
5508:
5485:
5475:
5470:
5449:
5414:
5388:
5376:
5361:
5330:
5304:
5245:
5240:
5233:
5223:
5128:
5083:
5033:
5001:
4904:
4863:
4827:
4608:
4603:
4324:
4305:
4284:
4167:
4132:
4087:
4066:
4056:
4039:
4004:
3939:
3922:
3830:
3777:
3758:
3702:
3692:
3662:
3606:
3093:
2205:
2062:
2021:
2013:
860:
611:
476:
764:
The Waterloo Pioneer Tower honours the Mennonite Germans who helped populate Waterloo County.
6501:
6481:
6459:
6363:
6273:
6258:
6248:
6231:
6186:
6178:
6054:
6007:
5992:
5926:
5894:
5867:
5862:
5772:
5635:
5567:
5557:
5490:
5356:
5299:
5294:
5201:
5196:
5018:
4968:
4963:
4793:
4713:
4696:
4686:
4670:
4586:
4477:
4420:
4253:
4210:
Ethnic Elites, Propaganda, Recruiting and Intelligence in German-Canadian Ontario, 1914â1918
4187:
4124:
3996:
3857:
3738:
3629:
3584:
2347:
2318:
2271:
2209:
2058:
1559:
967:
954:
949:
746:
123:
2991:
2917:
6319:
6216:
6206:
6167:
5839:
5753:
5736:
5709:
5552:
5545:
5429:
5309:
5279:
5191:
5171:
5066:
4983:
4978:
4973:
4948:
4848:
4645:
4630:
4618:
4416:
4052:
3964:
2109:
2088:
1555:
971:
883:
839:
started to attract in 1896 and draw large numbers of other German immigrants, mostly from
777:
750:
502:
238:
187:
171:
163:
131:
127:
107:
103:
4499:
Nonprofit organization in Nova Scotia that promotes German Canadian heritage and cultures
3957:
3674:
Giesinger, Adam (Summer 1984). "The Germans from Russia Who Pioneered in Saskatchewan".
2432:
5959:
5944:
5921:
5877:
5843:
5784:
5681:
5579:
5166:
5143:
5056:
4788:
4635:
4625:
2291:
851:
of Dutch-Prussian ancestry were especially prominent since they were persecuted by the
840:
836:
523:
95:
1735:
6615:
6414:
6297:
5889:
5872:
5851:
5697:
4507:
4440:
4267:
4208:
3641:
3600:
2305:
2195:
both existed in these communities. Accounts of witches sometimes associate them with
2071:
1739:
979:
806:
693:
143:
4275:
Tötösy de Zepetnek, Steven (1995). "Early German-Canadian Ethnic Minority Writing".
1591:
6263:
5765:
2192:
1699:
1595:
963:
899:
heritage. Low enlistment rates fueled anti-Germany sentiment that precipitated the
844:
760:
742:
728:
701:
697:
595:
1128:
1081:
4034:
Grams, Grant W. "The Deportation of German Nationals from Canada, 1919 to 1939."
2433:"Historical statistics of Canada, section A: Population and migration - ARCHIVED"
749:, Holland, or England, despite an ultimate origin in Germany. One example is the
510:
6593:
6041:
2176:
2144:
2092:
2053:
1703:
864:
829:
689:
572:
551:
539:
527:
242:
147:
4424:
3907:
The German Canadian Mosaic Today and Yesterday. Identities, Roots, and Heritage
1627:
17:
6397:
6334:
5758:
3633:
2281:
2168:
2148:
1915:
1519:
1483:
1438:
769:
669:
607:
561:
4288:
4070:
3926:
3834:
3791:
Wagner, Jonathan F. (May 1978). "The Deutscher Bund Canada in Saskatchewan".
3666:
6155:
5688:
3971:
The Swastika and the Maple Leaf. Fascist Movements in Canada in the Thirties
3898:
Bassler, Gerhard P. "The Enemy Alien Experience in Newfoundland 1914-1918."
3706:
2213:
1951:
1663:
876:
754:
720:
580:
217:
ancestry or Germans who emigrated to and reside in Canada. According to the
210:
1843:
4128:
4000:
1143:
Canadians of German descent percentage of the total population (1871â2016)
6419:
6409:
5562:
4591:
2200:
2030:
1631:
987:
868:
813:
685:
627:
623:
4049:
The Irish Palatines In Ontario: Religion, Ethnicity, and Rural Migration
6474:
6469:
6464:
6441:
6431:
5658:
4496:
4432:
4258:
4241:
4164:
Les Allemands du Québec: Parcours et discours d'une communauté méconnue
2156:
2034:
1919:
1523:
1487:
920:
856:
584:
547:
531:
506:
222:
214:
159:
99:
4199:
4080:
The History of the Pioneer German Language Press of Ontario, 1835â1918
3952:
Becker, Anthony. "The Germans in Western Canada, A Vanishing People."
3869:
3602:
Waterloo County to 1972: an annotated bibliography of regional history
1127:
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on
1080:
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on
867:
from moving to Canada. Many of the Mennonites settled in the areas of
6557:
6552:
6329:
6236:
4178:
Milnes, Humphrey (JanuaryâMarch 1954). "German Folklore in Ontario".
4117:
Beyond the Nation?: Immigrants' Local Lives in Transnational Cultures
3993:
Beyond the Nation?: Immigrants' Local Lives in Transnational Cultures
3755:
The German Canadians 1750â1937: Immigration, Settlement & Culture
3141:"First World War internment camps a dark chapter in Canadian history"
2172:
2113:
1667:
716:
543:
535:
519:
111:
4475:
including German books and periodicals and digitized issues of the
4191:
3861:
66:
German Canadians as percent of population by census division (2021)
6373:
4569:
2196:
2164:
1847:
823:
759:
681:
594:
555:
4367:
The Trans-Canada Alliance of German Canadians, A Study in Culture
3676:
Journal of the American Historical Society of Germans from Russia
2102:
The continued success of these events led to the founding of the
731:. These people are sometimes referred to by the Anglicized term "
6569:
6436:
5627:
3842:
Wintemberg, W. J. (1899). "Items of German-Canadian Folk-Lore".
2160:
668:
and its overseas empire were ruled by the German-descended King
269:
5631:
4511:
2779:
Little Dutch (Deutsch) Church National Historic Site of Canada
1113:
1066:
1006:
4346:
The Deutsche Zeitung fĂŒr Canada: A Nazi Newspaper in Winnipeg
3689:
Geschichte der Deutschen Gesellschaft zu Montreal (1835â1985)
2179:
had some prominence as a cultural object, and was called the
982:, which housed 750 who had been born in Germany and Austria.
859:) and so were some of the most successful in adapting to the
602:- oldest German church in Canada (1756), Halifax, Nova Scotia
952:
saw a renewal of anti-German sentiment in Canada. Under the
264:
3599:
Bloomfield, Elizabeth; Foster, Linda; Forgay, Jane (1993).
3522:
3520:
3507:
3505:
3456:
3454:
3452:
3450:
3448:
3446:
3444:
3442:
3440:
4490:
4463:
German Clubs, Communities and Businesses in Canada and USA
3080:. 30 June 2016. Archived from the original on 30 June 2016
2797:
2795:
2793:
4491:
German Canadian Club "Hansa Haus" in Mississauga, Ontario
4382:
Refractions of Germany in Canadian literature and culture
3936:
German Immigration and Assimilation in Ontario, 1783â1918
3019:"First World War ripped away Canada's 'age of innocence'"
816:, immigrants and Canadians of German-descent founded the
736:
4339:
A History of Migration from Germany to Canada, 1850-1939
3954:
Bulletin of the Canadian Catholic Historical Association
3539:
3537:
3535:
3283:
3281:
3279:
2020:
There are several German ethnic-bloc settlements in the
1096:
Canadians of German descent total population (1871â2016)
4358:
Wagner, Jonathan. âThe Deutscher Bund Canada, 1934-9.â
4298:
A History of Migration from Germany to Canada 1850â1939
3691:(in German). Montreal, QC: German Society of Montreal.
2426:
1029:
741:. This term has led to their confusion with modern-day
225:, while larger numbers came from German settlements in
4502:
3893:
Germany and the America: Culture, Politics and History
2942:
2897:
2895:
2882:
2880:
2739:
Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2019-01-23).
2709:
Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2020-05-01).
2679:
Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2013-12-23).
2649:
Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2019-06-04).
2621:
Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2013-04-03).
2593:
Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2013-04-03).
2565:
Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2013-04-03).
2537:
Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2013-04-03).
2509:
Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2013-04-03).
2504:
2502:
2500:
2498:
2496:
2494:
2492:
2471:
Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2013-04-03).
2466:
2464:
2462:
2460:
2458:
2456:
2454:
2452:
2431:
Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (1999-07-29).
2424:
2422:
2420:
2418:
2416:
2414:
2412:
2410:
2408:
2406:
2385:
Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2019-06-17).
2236:
There are two German international schools in Canada:
4468:
University of Alberta's History of Germans in Alberta
3776:(revised ed.). Toronto: McClelland and Stewart.
3757:. Translated by Bassler, Gerhard P. Jesperson Press.
3727:
Kallmann, Helmut; Kemp, Walter P. (7 February 2006).
991:
over by right-wing elements of the German community.
634:
of Nova Scotia retain their German heritage, such as
2824:
2822:
2774:
2772:
768:
The largest group fleeing the United States was the
6584:
6530:
6452:
6310:
6121:
6101:
6065:
5985:
5937:
5800:
5724:
5717:
5708:
5665:
5597:
5501:
5463:
5402:
5344:
5318:
5267:
5258:
5157:
5104:
5042:
4992:
4956:
4947:
4887:
4836:
4815:
4808:
4771:
4750:
4729:
4679:
4653:
4644:
4545:
4392:
Canadian Ethnic Studies= Etudes Ethniques au Canada
4102:
Canadian ethnic studies= Ătudes ethniques au Canada
3900:
Canadian Ethnic Studies= Etudes Ethniques au Canada
3605:. Waterloo: Waterloo Regional Heritage Foundation.
2595:"1986 Census of Canada: Ethnic Diversity In Canada"
153:
137:
117:
89:
72:
51:
3753:Lehmann, Heinz (1986). Bassler, Gerhard P. (ed.).
3049:"Kitchener mayor notes 100th year of name change"
2734:
2732:
2730:
2704:
2702:
2700:
2674:
2672:
2670:
2588:
2586:
999:, which some German-Canadians found encouraging.
944:German evacuation from Central and Eastern Europe
3995:. University of Toronto Press. pp. 79â106.
3098:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
2644:
2642:
2616:
2614:
2560:
2558:
2532:
2530:
2380:
2378:
2376:
2374:
784:) and in the northern part of what later became
962:opened and interned those who had been born in
4321:Les Mercenaires allemands au QuĂ©bec, 1776â1783
894:Before and during World War I, there was some
6295:
5643:
4523:
2567:"Census Canada 1986 Profile of ethnic groups"
2354:List of German language newspapers of Ontario
8:
6591:
5763:
5695:
5679:
5672:
3460:
2186:
2180:
2130:
2124:
2117:
2103:
2082:
2076:
809:and prohibition, the Lutherans stood apart.
253:
195:
44:
6601:Flight and expulsion of Germans (1944â1950)
4487:A history of Germans in Brantford, Ontario.
2912:
2910:
559:
5721:
5714:
5650:
5636:
5628:
5264:
4953:
4812:
4650:
4530:
4516:
4508:
4497:German Canadian Association of Nova Scotia
4493:German-Canadian Cultural Centre in the GTA
3555:
3526:
3511:
3484:
3383:
2861:. Region of Waterloo. 2013. Archived from
2159:, rituals, and beliefs about the weather,
1408:
1162:
252:
59:
43:
4369:( Windsor: Tolle Lege Enterprises (1985).
4257:
4186:(263). American Folklore Society: 35â43.
3909:(Ottawa: German-Canadian Congress, 1991).
3885:Kitchener, Ontario § Further reading
3395:
1052:Learn how and when to remove this message
882:By the early 1900s, the northern part of
638:. The first German church in Canada, the
4350:Manitoba Historical Society Transactions
4149:(Canadian Historical Association, 1985).
2966:
2623:"1991 Census: The nation. Ethnic origin"
2007:
711:Another broad grouping of migrants were
6181:(including German, Swiss and Austrians)
6175:(including German, Swiss and Austrians)
2978:
2918:"Religion in Waterloo North (Pre 1911)"
2901:
2886:
2830:"HistoricPlaces.ca - HistoricPlaces.ca"
2813:
2370:
3543:
3496:
3472:
3431:
3371:
3359:
3347:
3335:
3323:
3311:
3299:
3287:
3270:
3258:
3246:
3234:
3222:
3091:
3023:Kitchener Post, Waterloo Region Record
2801:
2763:
2241:Alexander von Humboldt Schule Montréal
630:churches, and village names along the
4227:from the original on 30 November 2020
3419:
3407:
2954:
2253:bilingual German-English K-12 schools
204:
7:
4302:University of British Columbia Press
3573:Bassler, Gerhard P. (30 July 2013).
3192:MacKinnon, Dianne (16 August 2011).
2943:Bloomfield, Foster & Forgay 1993
2784:Canadian Register of Historic Places
2272:Westgate Mennonite Collegiate (6-12)
903:in 1916. The city was renamed after
90:Regions with significant populations
4218:Memorial University of Newfoundland
3622:American Review of Canadian Studies
2246:German International School Toronto
2224:For a more comprehensive list, see
923:during the first years of the war.
497:Historiography of Germans in Canada
4539:Ethnic origins of people in Canada
4485:History of Ours: the German People
4078:Kalbfleisch, Herbert Karl (1968).
3973:(Fitzhenry & Whiteside, 1975).
3167:"INTERNMENT IN CANADA: WW1 VS WW2"
2135:in Canada were held in the 1980s.
1475:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1439:
1164:German Canadian Population History
796:Late 19th and early 20th centuries
735:", which derives from the endonym
25:
6622:Canadian people of German descent
3655:Histoire Sociale / Social History
3139:Tahirali, Jesse (3 August 2014).
828:A family of German immigrants to
4154:Encyclopedia of Canada's Peoples
3017:D'Amato, Louisa (28 June 2014).
2329:German inventors and discoverers
2298:
2284:
1950:
1914:
1878:
1842:
1806:
1770:
1734:
1698:
1662:
1626:
1590:
1554:
1518:
1482:
1118:
1071:
1023:too many charts, tables, or data
1011:
680:", since many of them came from
644:National Historic Site of Canada
233:; others came from parts of the
85:of the total Canadian population
4352:, Series 3, Number 33, 1976-77
2859:Waterloo Region Museum Research
2259:Donwood Elementary School (Kâ5)
901:Berlin to Kitchener name change
4408:International Migration Review
4319:Wilhelmy, Jean-Pierre (2009).
3772:Reaman, George Elmore (1957).
2998:. University of Waterloo. 2015
2265:Chief Peguis Junior High (6â8)
2262:Princess Margaret School (Kâ5)
2105:Deutsch-kanadischer SĂ€ngerbund
1:
4341:(Vancouver: UBC Press, 2006).
3774:The Trail of the Black Walnut
875:, and the area just north of
640:Little Dutch (Deutsch) Church
600:Little Dutch (Deutsch) Church
4473:Multicultural Canada website
4207:Robinson, Curtis B. (2019).
4180:Journal of American Folklore
4166:. Montréal: Méridien, 2003.
3845:Journal of American Folklore
3827:University of Nebraska Press
3120:. Government of Canada. 2015
2981:, pp. 186â194, 198â204.
2268:River East Collegiate (9â12)
907:, famously pictured on the "
6627:European diaspora in Canada
6082:Alsatians and Lotharingians
4240:Sauer, Angelika E. (2007).
4121:University of Toronto Press
4084:University of Toronto Press
3934:Bausenhart, Werner (1989).
3687:GĂŒrttler, Karin R. (1985).
3194:"Canadian Internment Camps"
3025:. Kitchener. Archived from
2787:. Retrieved 17 April 2021.
2075:("singer festival", plural
1405:Provinces & territories
1392:
1389:
1380:
1377:
1368:
1365:
1356:
1353:
1344:
1341:
1332:
1329:
1320:
1317:
1308:
1305:
1296:
1293:
1284:
1281:
1272:
1269:
1260:
1257:
1248:
1245:
1236:
1233:
1224:
1221:
1212:
1209:
1200:
1197:
1188:
1185:
6653:
6637:German diaspora by country
4879:Trinidadian and Tobagonian
4425:10.1177/019791839502900208
4385:(Walter de Gruyter, 2003).
4360:Canadian Historical Review
4323:(in French). Septentrion.
4216:(PhD thesis). St. John's:
4109:Canadian Historical Review
4047:Heald, Carolyn A. (2009).
3985:Canadian Historical Review
3882:
3649:Freund, Alexander (2006).
3171:ALL ABOUT CANADIAN HISTORY
2992:"Waterloo Region Pre-1914"
2338:German Canadian Club Hansa
2223:
941:
938:Second World War and later
818:German Society of Montreal
662:American Revolutionary War
653:
206:[ËdÉÊtÊkaËnaËdiÌŻÉ]
29:
6632:German diaspora in Canada
4888:Central and South America
4296:Wagner, Jonathan (2005).
4156:(1999) extensive coverage
4055:: Global Heritage Press.
4019:Ethnic and Racial Studies
3854:American Folklore Society
3734:The Canadian Encyclopedia
3634:10.1080/02722010903536946
3580:The Canadian Encyclopedia
1776:Newfoundland and Labrador
1432:
1429:
1426:
1423:
1418:
1400:Geographical distribution
1032:or elaborating them with
674:Prince-Elector of Hanover
473:
282:â
158:
142:
122:
94:
77:
58:
4503:German Canadian Congress
3461:Kallmann & Kemp 2006
3078:Collectionscamnada.gc.ca
2342:Waterloo County, Ontario
2255:in Winnipeg, Manitoba:
2226:List of German Canadians
2016:(areas coloured in grey)
928:Waterloo County, Ontario
909:Lord Kitchener Wants You
786:Waterloo County, Ontario
713:religious nonconformists
52:
6102:Multinational dimension
5352:Nordic and Scandinavian
4277:Canadian Ethnic Studies
4246:Canadian Ethnic Studies
3978:Canadian Ethnic Studies
3969:Betcherman, Lita-Rose.
3915:Canadian Ethnic Studies
3806:Canadian Ethnic Studies
3114:"Anti-German Sentiment"
2212:, and the finding of a
2185:("lightning stone") or
738:Pennsilfaanisch Deitsch
737:
706:United Empire Loyalists
568:West Germanic languages
176:Luxembourgish Canadians
6592:
6296:
6023:Bosnia and Herzegovina
5764:
5696:
5680:
5673:
3384:Clark & Isern 2010
3198:Renfrew County Museums
2187:
2181:
2131:
2125:
2118:
2104:
2083:
2077:
2017:
1412:province and territory
1177:% of total population
1020:This section contains
970:, and particularly in
911:" recruiting posters.
833:
765:
656:United Empire Loyalist
618:in 1749. Known as the
606:A few Germans came to
603:
560:
550:. For example, in the
516:unification of Germany
509:
196:
191:
4399:German Studies Review
4147:The Germans in Canada
4129:10.3138/9781442694866
4021:14.4 (1991): 474â492.
4001:10.3138/9781442694866
3883:Further information:
3819:Great Plains Research
2334:German Mills, Ontario
2152:William J. Wintemberg
2147:, archaeologist, and
2011:
1884:Northwest Territories
960:prisoner-of-war camps
896:anti-German sentiment
827:
763:
598:
566:was used to refer to
154:Related ethnic groups
36:Der Deutsche Canadier
27:Canadian ethnic group
6522:United Arab Emirates
5830:Transylvanian Saxons
4451:106.1 (2014): 57-76.
4123:. pp. 107â136.
4038:11 (2010): 219-237.
3987:87#4 (December 2006)
3905:Bassler, Gerhard P.
3793:Saskatchewan History
3350:, pp. 150, 154.
3273:, pp. 131, 149.
1812:Prince Edward Island
1410:German Canadians by
976:Nazi Party of Canada
616:Halifax, Nova Scotia
235:German Confederation
6109:Central and Eastern
6013:Italy (South Tyrol)
4152:Magocsi, Paul, ed.
4028:(McFarland, 2021).
3938:. New York: Legas.
3118:Canadian War Museum
2996:Waterloo Region WWI
2865:on 27 February 2017
2855:"Waterloo Township"
2745:www12.statcan.gc.ca
2715:www12.statcan.gc.ca
2685:www12.statcan.gc.ca
2655:www12.statcan.gc.ca
2627:www12.statcan.gc.ca
2599:www12.statcan.gc.ca
2571:www12.statcan.gc.ca
2543:www12.statcan.gc.ca
2515:www12.statcan.gc.ca
2477:www12.statcan.gc.ca
2437:www12.statcan.gc.ca
2391:www12.statcan.gc.ca
2314:Foreign Protestants
1415:
1167:
672:, who was also the
626:. Family surnames,
620:Foreign Protestants
257:
48:
32:The German Canadian
6254:Pennsylvania Dutch
4582:Canadian ethnicity
4401:39.1 (2016): 1-15.
4344:Wagner, Jonathan.
4337:Wagner, Jonathan.
4259:10.1353/ces.0.0005
4145:McLaughlin, K. M.
3980:8.2 (1976): 56-70.
3963:2017-11-20 at the
3891:Adam, Thomas, ed.
3575:"German Canadians"
3173:. 23 February 2016
2324:Hessian (soldiers)
2097:Kitchener, Ontario
2067:Erie, Pennsylvania
2018:
1420:Province/Territory
1409:
1163:
997:bombing of Dresden
926:News reports from
849:Russian Mennonites
834:
766:
733:Pennsylvania Dutch
650:Loyalist migration
604:
256:Population History
168:Austrian Canadians
6609:
6608:
6580:
6579:
6117:
6116:
5917:Russian Mennonite
5625:
5624:
5593:
5592:
5254:
5253:
4943:
4942:
4804:
4803:
4394:22.1 (1990): 38+.
4362:58#2 (June 1977).
4330:978-2-89664-554-1
4104:16.1 (1984): 16+.
4093:978-1-4875-8906-6
4062:978-1-897446-37-9
3902:20.3 (1988): 42+.
3764:978-1-55081-308-1
2834:Historicplaces.ca
2206:sign of the cross
2063:Buffalo, New York
2022:Canadian Prairies
2014:Prairie provinces
2001:
2000:
1397:
1396:
1140:
1139:
1093:
1092:
1062:
1061:
1054:
861:Canadian Prairies
755:the British Crown
612:Edward Cornwallis
494:
493:
477:Statistics Canada
181:
180:
47:Germano-Canadiens
16:(Redirected from
6644:
6597:
6548:Papua New Guinea
6386:KapitaĂŻ and Koba
6352:KapitaĂŻ and Koba
6301:
6179:Los Lagos Region
6161:British Columbia
5769:
5722:
5715:
5701:
5685:
5676:
5652:
5645:
5638:
5629:
5403:Southeast Europe
5265:
4954:
4813:
4651:
4587:French Canadians
4532:
4525:
4518:
4509:
4478:Berliner Journal
4444:
4334:
4315:
4292:
4271:
4261:
4252:(1â2): 129â144.
4236:
4234:
4232:
4226:
4215:
4203:
4161:
4142:
4097:
4074:
4051:(2nd ed.).
4024:Grams, Grant W.
4014:
3949:
3930:
3873:
3838:
3813:
3800:
3787:
3768:
3749:
3747:
3745:
3739:Historica Canada
3723:
3710:
3683:
3670:
3645:
3616:
3595:
3593:
3591:
3585:Historica Canada
3559:
3553:
3547:
3541:
3530:
3524:
3515:
3509:
3500:
3494:
3488:
3482:
3476:
3470:
3464:
3458:
3435:
3429:
3423:
3417:
3411:
3405:
3399:
3393:
3387:
3381:
3375:
3369:
3363:
3357:
3351:
3345:
3339:
3333:
3327:
3321:
3315:
3309:
3303:
3297:
3291:
3285:
3274:
3268:
3262:
3256:
3250:
3244:
3238:
3232:
3226:
3220:
3214:
3213:
3211:
3209:
3204:on 22 March 2017
3200:. Archived from
3189:
3183:
3182:
3180:
3178:
3163:
3157:
3156:
3154:
3152:
3136:
3130:
3129:
3127:
3125:
3110:
3104:
3103:
3097:
3089:
3087:
3085:
3070:
3064:
3063:
3061:
3059:
3045:
3039:
3038:
3036:
3034:
3029:on 15 March 2017
3014:
3008:
3007:
3005:
3003:
2988:
2982:
2976:
2970:
2964:
2958:
2952:
2946:
2940:
2934:
2933:
2931:
2929:
2914:
2905:
2899:
2890:
2884:
2875:
2874:
2872:
2870:
2851:
2845:
2844:
2842:
2840:
2826:
2817:
2811:
2805:
2804:, p. xviii.
2799:
2788:
2776:
2767:
2761:
2755:
2754:
2752:
2751:
2736:
2725:
2724:
2722:
2721:
2706:
2695:
2694:
2692:
2691:
2676:
2665:
2664:
2662:
2661:
2646:
2637:
2636:
2634:
2633:
2618:
2609:
2608:
2606:
2605:
2590:
2581:
2580:
2578:
2577:
2562:
2553:
2552:
2550:
2549:
2534:
2525:
2524:
2522:
2521:
2506:
2487:
2486:
2484:
2483:
2468:
2447:
2446:
2444:
2443:
2428:
2401:
2400:
2398:
2397:
2382:
2348:Berliner Journal
2319:German Americans
2308:
2303:
2302:
2301:
2294:
2289:
2288:
2287:
2210:four-leaf clover
2190:
2184:
2134:
2128:
2121:
2107:
2086:
2080:
2059:Cincinnati, Ohio
1954:
1918:
1882:
1846:
1810:
1774:
1738:
1702:
1666:
1630:
1594:
1560:British Columbia
1558:
1522:
1486:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1441:
1416:
1168:
1153:
1122:
1121:
1114:
1106:
1075:
1074:
1067:
1057:
1050:
1046:
1043:
1037:
1030:cleaning them up
1015:
1014:
1007:
955:War Measures Act
950:Second World War
776:, especially in
740:
565:
490:
271:
266:
258:
208:
203:
199:
192:Deutsch-Kanadier
184:German Canadians
164:German Americans
73:Total population
63:
53:Deutsch-Kanadier
49:
45:German Canadians
21:
6652:
6651:
6647:
6646:
6645:
6643:
6642:
6641:
6612:
6611:
6610:
6605:
6576:
6526:
6448:
6306:
6173:Los RĂos Region
6113:
6097:
6061:
5986:Southern Europe
5981:
5955:North Schleswig
5938:Northern Europe
5933:
5796:
5737:Sudeten Germans
5704:
5661:
5656:
5626:
5621:
5589:
5497:
5464:Southern Europe
5459:
5398:
5345:Northern Europe
5340:
5314:
5250:
5153:
5100:
5038:
4988:
4939:
4883:
4832:
4800:
4767:
4751:Southern Africa
4746:
4725:
4675:
4640:
4631:Irish Canadians
4541:
4536:
4459:
4454:
4449:Ontario History
4417:SAGE Publishing
4404:
4376:
4365:Wieden, Fritz.
4331:
4318:
4312:
4295:
4274:
4239:
4230:
4228:
4224:
4213:
4206:
4177:
4162:Meune, Manuel.
4159:
4139:
4114:
4094:
4077:
4063:
4053:Milton, Ontario
4046:
4011:
3990:
3965:Wayback Machine
3946:
3933:
3912:
3887:
3881:
3879:Further reading
3876:
3841:
3816:
3803:
3790:
3784:
3771:
3765:
3752:
3743:
3741:
3726:
3716:Ontario History
3713:
3699:
3686:
3673:
3661:(77): 129â155.
3648:
3619:
3613:
3598:
3589:
3587:
3572:
3568:
3563:
3562:
3556:Wintemberg 1899
3554:
3550:
3542:
3533:
3527:Wintemberg 1899
3525:
3518:
3512:Wintemberg 1899
3510:
3503:
3495:
3491:
3485:Wintemberg 1899
3483:
3479:
3471:
3467:
3459:
3438:
3430:
3426:
3418:
3414:
3406:
3402:
3394:
3390:
3382:
3378:
3370:
3366:
3358:
3354:
3346:
3342:
3334:
3330:
3322:
3318:
3310:
3306:
3298:
3294:
3286:
3277:
3269:
3265:
3257:
3253:
3245:
3241:
3233:
3229:
3221:
3217:
3207:
3205:
3191:
3190:
3186:
3176:
3174:
3165:
3164:
3160:
3150:
3148:
3138:
3137:
3133:
3123:
3121:
3112:
3111:
3107:
3090:
3083:
3081:
3072:
3071:
3067:
3057:
3055:
3047:
3046:
3042:
3032:
3030:
3016:
3015:
3011:
3001:
2999:
2990:
2989:
2985:
2977:
2973:
2965:
2961:
2953:
2949:
2945:, p. xiii.
2941:
2937:
2927:
2925:
2922:Waterloo Region
2916:
2915:
2908:
2900:
2893:
2885:
2878:
2868:
2866:
2853:
2852:
2848:
2838:
2836:
2828:
2827:
2820:
2812:
2808:
2800:
2791:
2777:
2770:
2766:, p. xvii.
2762:
2758:
2749:
2747:
2738:
2737:
2728:
2719:
2717:
2708:
2707:
2698:
2689:
2687:
2678:
2677:
2668:
2659:
2657:
2648:
2647:
2640:
2631:
2629:
2620:
2619:
2612:
2603:
2601:
2592:
2591:
2584:
2575:
2573:
2564:
2563:
2556:
2547:
2545:
2536:
2535:
2528:
2519:
2517:
2508:
2507:
2490:
2481:
2479:
2470:
2469:
2450:
2441:
2439:
2430:
2429:
2404:
2395:
2393:
2384:
2383:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2304:
2299:
2297:
2290:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2251:There are also
2234:
2229:
2222:
2141:
2049:
2044:
2033:, and Romanian
2006:
1407:
1402:
1387:
1375:
1363:
1351:
1339:
1327:
1315:
1303:
1291:
1279:
1267:
1255:
1243:
1231:
1219:
1207:
1195:
1183:
1165:
1161:
1156:
1155:
1154:
1149:
1145:
1144:
1141:
1136:
1123:
1119:
1109:
1108:
1107:
1102:
1098:
1097:
1094:
1089:
1076:
1072:
1058:
1047:
1041:
1038:
1027:
1016:
1012:
1005:
946:
940:
892:
890:First World War
884:Waterloo County
798:
778:Berlin, Ontario
751:Irish Palatines
664:. At the time,
658:
652:
593:
499:
486:
482:
481:
480:
255:
254:German Canadian
251:
239:Austria-Hungary
231:Imperial Russia
201:
197:Deutschkanadier
172:Swiss Canadians
108:Atlantic Canada
104:Waterloo Region
81:
68:
67:
54:
46:
42:
39:
28:
23:
22:
18:German Canadian
15:
12:
11:
5:
6650:
6648:
6640:
6639:
6634:
6629:
6624:
6614:
6613:
6607:
6606:
6604:
6603:
6598:
6588:
6586:
6582:
6581:
6578:
6577:
6575:
6574:
6573:
6572:
6565:German Samoans
6562:
6561:
6560:
6555:
6545:
6540:
6534:
6532:
6528:
6527:
6525:
6524:
6519:
6514:
6509:
6504:
6499:
6494:
6489:
6484:
6479:
6478:
6477:
6472:
6467:
6456:
6454:
6450:
6449:
6447:
6446:
6445:
6444:
6439:
6434:
6424:
6423:
6422:
6417:
6412:
6402:
6401:
6400:
6390:
6389:
6388:
6378:
6377:
6376:
6366:
6361:
6356:
6355:
6354:
6344:
6339:
6338:
6337:
6332:
6322:
6316:
6314:
6308:
6307:
6305:
6304:
6303:
6302:
6288:
6283:
6282:
6281:
6276:
6271:
6266:
6261:
6256:
6246:
6241:
6240:
6239:
6229:
6224:
6219:
6214:
6209:
6204:
6199:
6194:
6189:
6184:
6183:
6182:
6176:
6165:
6164:
6163:
6158:
6148:
6143:
6138:
6133:
6127:
6125:
6119:
6118:
6115:
6114:
6112:
6111:
6105:
6103:
6099:
6098:
6096:
6095:
6093:United Kingdom
6090:
6085:
6075:
6069:
6067:
6066:Western Europe
6063:
6062:
6060:
6059:
6058:
6057:
6047:
6046:
6045:
6035:
6030:
6025:
6015:
6010:
6005:
6000:
5995:
5989:
5987:
5983:
5982:
5980:
5979:
5974:
5969:
5964:
5963:
5962:
5960:Potato Germans
5957:
5947:
5941:
5939:
5935:
5934:
5932:
5931:
5930:
5929:
5924:
5919:
5914:
5909:
5899:
5898:
5897:
5895:North Caucasus
5892:
5882:
5881:
5880:
5875:
5870:
5865:
5860:
5855:
5837:
5832:
5822:
5821:
5820:
5810:
5804:
5802:
5801:Eastern Europe
5798:
5797:
5795:
5794:
5789:
5788:
5787:
5777:
5776:
5775:
5770:
5761:
5756:
5746:
5741:
5740:
5739:
5732:Czech Republic
5728:
5726:
5725:Central Europe
5719:
5712:
5706:
5705:
5703:
5702:
5693:
5692:
5691:
5682:Reichsdeutsche
5677:
5674:Bundesdeutsche
5669:
5667:
5663:
5662:
5657:
5655:
5654:
5647:
5640:
5632:
5623:
5622:
5620:
5619:
5614:
5609:
5603:
5601:
5595:
5594:
5591:
5590:
5588:
5587:
5582:
5577:
5576:
5575:
5570:
5565:
5555:
5550:
5549:
5548:
5543:
5538:
5533:
5528:
5518:
5517:
5516:
5505:
5503:
5502:Western Europe
5499:
5498:
5496:
5495:
5494:
5493:
5483:
5478:
5473:
5467:
5465:
5461:
5460:
5458:
5457:
5452:
5447:
5442:
5437:
5432:
5427:
5422:
5417:
5412:
5406:
5404:
5400:
5399:
5397:
5396:
5391:
5386:
5381:
5380:
5379:
5374:
5369:
5364:
5359:
5348:
5346:
5342:
5341:
5339:
5338:
5333:
5328:
5322:
5320:
5319:Eastern Europe
5316:
5315:
5313:
5312:
5307:
5302:
5297:
5292:
5287:
5282:
5277:
5271:
5269:
5268:Central Europe
5262:
5256:
5255:
5252:
5251:
5249:
5248:
5243:
5238:
5237:
5236:
5226:
5221:
5216:
5211:
5206:
5205:
5204:
5199:
5194:
5189:
5184:
5179:
5174:
5163:
5161:
5155:
5154:
5152:
5151:
5146:
5141:
5136:
5131:
5126:
5121:
5116:
5110:
5108:
5106:Southeast Asia
5102:
5101:
5099:
5098:
5093:
5088:
5087:
5086:
5076:
5071:
5070:
5069:
5064:
5054:
5048:
5046:
5040:
5039:
5037:
5036:
5031:
5026:
5021:
5016:
5011:
5010:
5009:
4998:
4996:
4990:
4989:
4987:
4986:
4981:
4976:
4971:
4966:
4960:
4958:
4951:
4945:
4944:
4941:
4940:
4938:
4937:
4932:
4927:
4922:
4917:
4912:
4907:
4902:
4897:
4891:
4889:
4885:
4884:
4882:
4881:
4876:
4871:
4866:
4861:
4856:
4851:
4846:
4840:
4838:
4834:
4833:
4831:
4830:
4825:
4819:
4817:
4810:
4806:
4805:
4802:
4801:
4799:
4798:
4797:
4796:
4791:
4781:
4775:
4773:
4769:
4768:
4766:
4765:
4760:
4754:
4752:
4748:
4747:
4745:
4744:
4739:
4737:South Sudanese
4733:
4731:
4727:
4726:
4724:
4723:
4722:
4721:
4711:
4710:
4709:
4704:
4699:
4694:
4683:
4681:
4677:
4676:
4674:
4673:
4668:
4663:
4657:
4655:
4654:Horn of Africa
4648:
4642:
4641:
4639:
4638:
4636:Black Loyalist
4633:
4628:
4626:Newfoundlander
4623:
4622:
4621:
4616:
4611:
4601:
4600:
4599:
4594:
4584:
4579:
4578:
4577:
4572:
4567:
4566:
4565:
4549:
4547:
4543:
4542:
4537:
4535:
4534:
4527:
4520:
4512:
4506:
4505:
4500:
4494:
4488:
4482:
4470:
4465:
4458:
4457:External links
4455:
4453:
4452:
4445:
4402:
4395:
4387:
4386:
4375:
4374:Historiography
4372:
4371:
4370:
4363:
4356:
4342:
4335:
4329:
4316:
4310:
4293:
4272:
4237:
4204:
4192:10.2307/536806
4175:
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4150:
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4137:
4112:
4105:
4098:
4092:
4075:
4061:
4043:
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4032:
4022:
4015:
4009:
3988:
3981:
3974:
3967:
3950:
3944:
3931:
3921:(1â2): 35â48.
3910:
3903:
3896:
3888:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3874:
3862:10.2307/533769
3839:
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3788:
3782:
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3724:
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3684:
3671:
3646:
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3611:
3596:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3561:
3560:
3548:
3546:, p. 192.
3531:
3516:
3501:
3499:, p. 195.
3489:
3477:
3475:, p. 191.
3465:
3436:
3424:
3412:
3400:
3396:Giesinger 1984
3388:
3376:
3374:, p. 147.
3364:
3362:, p. 153.
3352:
3340:
3338:, p. 154.
3328:
3326:, p. 145.
3316:
3314:, p. 142.
3304:
3302:, p. 141.
3292:
3290:, p. 139.
3275:
3263:
3261:, p. 130.
3251:
3249:, p. 136.
3239:
3237:, p. 135.
3227:
3225:, p. 134.
3215:
3184:
3158:
3131:
3105:
3065:
3040:
3009:
2983:
2971:
2969:, p. 108.
2959:
2947:
2935:
2906:
2891:
2876:
2846:
2818:
2816:, p. 371.
2806:
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2292:Germany portal
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2221:
2220:Notable people
2218:
2182:gewitter-stein
2140:
2137:
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2045:
2043:
2040:
2005:
2002:
1999:
1998:
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905:Lord Kitchener
891:
888:
853:Tsarist regime
841:Eastern Europe
837:Western Canada
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794:
651:
648:
592:
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524:Czech Republic
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140:
139:
135:
134:
120:
119:
115:
114:
96:Western Canada
92:
91:
87:
86:
75:
74:
70:
69:
65:
64:
56:
55:
40:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6649:
6638:
6635:
6633:
6630:
6628:
6625:
6623:
6620:
6619:
6617:
6602:
6599:
6596:
6595:
6590:
6589:
6587:
6583:
6571:
6568:
6567:
6566:
6563:
6559:
6556:
6554:
6551:
6550:
6549:
6546:
6544:
6541:
6539:
6536:
6535:
6533:
6529:
6523:
6520:
6518:
6515:
6513:
6510:
6508:
6505:
6503:
6500:
6498:
6495:
6493:
6490:
6488:
6485:
6483:
6480:
6476:
6473:
6471:
6468:
6466:
6463:
6462:
6461:
6458:
6457:
6455:
6451:
6443:
6440:
6438:
6435:
6433:
6430:
6429:
6428:
6425:
6421:
6418:
6416:
6415:Dar es Salaam
6413:
6411:
6408:
6407:
6406:
6403:
6399:
6396:
6395:
6394:
6391:
6387:
6384:
6383:
6382:
6379:
6375:
6372:
6371:
6370:
6367:
6365:
6362:
6360:
6357:
6353:
6350:
6349:
6348:
6345:
6343:
6340:
6336:
6333:
6331:
6328:
6327:
6326:
6323:
6321:
6318:
6317:
6315:
6313:
6309:
6300:
6299:
6298:Colonia Tovar
6294:
6293:
6292:
6289:
6287:
6284:
6280:
6277:
6275:
6272:
6270:
6267:
6265:
6262:
6260:
6257:
6255:
6252:
6251:
6250:
6249:United States
6247:
6245:
6242:
6238:
6235:
6234:
6233:
6230:
6228:
6225:
6223:
6220:
6218:
6215:
6213:
6210:
6208:
6205:
6203:
6200:
6198:
6195:
6193:
6190:
6188:
6185:
6180:
6177:
6174:
6171:
6170:
6169:
6166:
6162:
6159:
6157:
6154:
6153:
6152:
6149:
6147:
6144:
6142:
6139:
6137:
6134:
6132:
6129:
6128:
6126:
6124:
6120:
6110:
6107:
6106:
6104:
6100:
6094:
6091:
6089:
6086:
6083:
6079:
6076:
6074:
6071:
6070:
6068:
6064:
6056:
6053:
6052:
6051:
6048:
6043:
6039:
6036:
6034:
6031:
6029:
6026:
6024:
6021:
6020:
6019:
6016:
6014:
6011:
6009:
6006:
6004:
6001:
5999:
5996:
5994:
5991:
5990:
5988:
5984:
5978:
5975:
5973:
5970:
5968:
5965:
5961:
5958:
5956:
5953:
5952:
5951:
5948:
5946:
5945:Baltic states
5943:
5942:
5940:
5936:
5928:
5925:
5923:
5920:
5918:
5915:
5913:
5910:
5908:
5905:
5904:
5903:
5900:
5896:
5893:
5891:
5888:
5887:
5886:
5883:
5879:
5876:
5874:
5871:
5869:
5866:
5864:
5861:
5859:
5856:
5853:
5849:
5845:
5841:
5838:
5836:
5833:
5831:
5828:
5827:
5826:
5823:
5819:
5816:
5815:
5814:
5811:
5809:
5806:
5805:
5803:
5799:
5793:
5790:
5786:
5783:
5782:
5781:
5778:
5774:
5771:
5768:
5767:
5762:
5760:
5757:
5755:
5752:
5751:
5750:
5747:
5745:
5742:
5738:
5735:
5734:
5733:
5730:
5729:
5727:
5723:
5720:
5716:
5713:
5711:
5707:
5700:
5699:
5698:Volksdeutsche
5694:
5690:
5687:
5686:
5684:
5683:
5678:
5675:
5671:
5670:
5668:
5664:
5660:
5659:German people
5653:
5648:
5646:
5641:
5639:
5634:
5633:
5630:
5618:
5617:New Zealander
5615:
5613:
5610:
5608:
5605:
5604:
5602:
5600:
5596:
5586:
5583:
5581:
5578:
5574:
5571:
5569:
5566:
5564:
5561:
5560:
5559:
5556:
5554:
5551:
5547:
5544:
5542:
5539:
5537:
5534:
5532:
5529:
5527:
5524:
5523:
5522:
5519:
5515:
5512:
5511:
5510:
5507:
5506:
5504:
5500:
5492:
5489:
5488:
5487:
5484:
5482:
5479:
5477:
5474:
5472:
5469:
5468:
5466:
5462:
5456:
5453:
5451:
5448:
5446:
5443:
5441:
5438:
5436:
5433:
5431:
5428:
5426:
5423:
5421:
5418:
5416:
5413:
5411:
5408:
5407:
5405:
5401:
5395:
5392:
5390:
5387:
5385:
5382:
5378:
5375:
5373:
5370:
5368:
5365:
5363:
5360:
5358:
5355:
5354:
5353:
5350:
5349:
5347:
5343:
5337:
5334:
5332:
5329:
5327:
5324:
5323:
5321:
5317:
5311:
5308:
5306:
5303:
5301:
5298:
5296:
5293:
5291:
5288:
5286:
5283:
5281:
5278:
5276:
5273:
5272:
5270:
5266:
5263:
5261:
5257:
5247:
5244:
5242:
5239:
5235:
5232:
5231:
5230:
5227:
5225:
5222:
5220:
5217:
5215:
5212:
5210:
5207:
5203:
5200:
5198:
5195:
5193:
5190:
5188:
5185:
5183:
5180:
5178:
5175:
5173:
5170:
5169:
5168:
5165:
5164:
5162:
5160:
5156:
5150:
5147:
5145:
5142:
5140:
5137:
5135:
5132:
5130:
5127:
5125:
5122:
5120:
5117:
5115:
5112:
5111:
5109:
5107:
5103:
5097:
5094:
5092:
5089:
5085:
5082:
5081:
5080:
5077:
5075:
5072:
5068:
5065:
5063:
5060:
5059:
5058:
5055:
5053:
5050:
5049:
5047:
5045:
5041:
5035:
5032:
5030:
5027:
5025:
5022:
5020:
5017:
5015:
5012:
5008:
5005:
5004:
5003:
5000:
4999:
4997:
4995:
4991:
4985:
4982:
4980:
4977:
4975:
4972:
4970:
4967:
4965:
4962:
4961:
4959:
4955:
4952:
4950:
4946:
4936:
4933:
4931:
4928:
4926:
4923:
4921:
4918:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4892:
4890:
4886:
4880:
4877:
4875:
4872:
4870:
4867:
4865:
4862:
4860:
4857:
4855:
4852:
4850:
4847:
4845:
4842:
4841:
4839:
4835:
4829:
4826:
4824:
4821:
4820:
4818:
4816:North America
4814:
4811:
4807:
4795:
4792:
4790:
4787:
4786:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4777:
4776:
4774:
4770:
4764:
4761:
4759:
4758:South African
4756:
4755:
4753:
4749:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4735:
4734:
4732:
4728:
4720:
4717:
4716:
4715:
4712:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4690:
4689:
4688:
4685:
4684:
4682:
4678:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4662:
4659:
4658:
4656:
4652:
4649:
4647:
4643:
4637:
4634:
4632:
4629:
4627:
4624:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4607:
4606:
4605:
4602:
4598:
4595:
4593:
4590:
4589:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4580:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4568:
4564:
4561:
4560:
4559:
4558:First Nations
4556:
4555:
4554:
4551:
4550:
4548:
4544:
4540:
4533:
4528:
4526:
4521:
4519:
4514:
4513:
4510:
4504:
4501:
4498:
4495:
4492:
4489:
4486:
4483:
4480:
4479:
4474:
4471:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4461:
4460:
4456:
4450:
4446:
4442:
4438:
4434:
4430:
4426:
4422:
4418:
4414:
4410:
4409:
4403:
4400:
4396:
4393:
4389:
4388:
4384:
4383:
4379:Antor, Heinz
4378:
4377:
4373:
4368:
4364:
4361:
4357:
4355:
4351:
4347:
4343:
4340:
4336:
4332:
4326:
4322:
4317:
4313:
4311:9780774812153
4307:
4303:
4299:
4294:
4290:
4286:
4283:(1): 99â122.
4282:
4278:
4273:
4269:
4265:
4260:
4255:
4251:
4247:
4243:
4238:
4223:
4219:
4212:
4211:
4205:
4201:
4197:
4193:
4189:
4185:
4181:
4176:
4173:
4169:
4165:
4158:
4155:
4151:
4148:
4144:
4140:
4138:9781442694866
4134:
4130:
4126:
4122:
4118:
4113:
4110:
4106:
4103:
4099:
4095:
4089:
4085:
4081:
4076:
4072:
4068:
4064:
4058:
4054:
4050:
4045:
4044:
4041:
4037:
4033:
4031:
4027:
4023:
4020:
4016:
4012:
4010:9781442694866
4006:
4002:
3998:
3994:
3989:
3986:
3982:
3979:
3975:
3972:
3968:
3966:
3962:
3959:
3955:
3951:
3947:
3945:0-921252-10-2
3941:
3937:
3932:
3928:
3924:
3920:
3916:
3911:
3908:
3904:
3901:
3897:
3894:
3890:
3889:
3886:
3878:
3871:
3867:
3863:
3859:
3855:
3851:
3847:
3846:
3840:
3836:
3832:
3828:
3824:
3820:
3815:
3811:
3807:
3802:
3798:
3794:
3789:
3785:
3783:0-7710-7351-8
3779:
3775:
3770:
3766:
3760:
3756:
3751:
3740:
3736:
3735:
3730:
3729:"SĂ€ngerfeste"
3725:
3722:(4): 249â260.
3721:
3717:
3712:
3708:
3704:
3700:
3698:2-9800421-0-2
3694:
3690:
3685:
3681:
3677:
3672:
3668:
3664:
3660:
3656:
3652:
3647:
3643:
3639:
3635:
3631:
3627:
3623:
3618:
3614:
3612:9780969693604
3608:
3604:
3603:
3597:
3586:
3582:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3570:
3565:
3558:, p. 45.
3557:
3552:
3549:
3545:
3540:
3538:
3536:
3532:
3529:, p. 50.
3528:
3523:
3521:
3517:
3514:, p. 46.
3513:
3508:
3506:
3502:
3498:
3493:
3490:
3487:, p. 48.
3486:
3481:
3478:
3474:
3469:
3466:
3462:
3457:
3455:
3453:
3451:
3449:
3447:
3445:
3443:
3441:
3437:
3433:
3428:
3425:
3421:
3416:
3413:
3409:
3404:
3401:
3397:
3392:
3389:
3385:
3380:
3377:
3373:
3368:
3365:
3361:
3356:
3353:
3349:
3344:
3341:
3337:
3332:
3329:
3325:
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3317:
3313:
3308:
3305:
3301:
3296:
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3284:
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3272:
3267:
3264:
3260:
3255:
3252:
3248:
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3219:
3216:
3203:
3199:
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3172:
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3146:
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3119:
3115:
3109:
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3095:
3079:
3075:
3069:
3066:
3054:
3050:
3044:
3041:
3028:
3024:
3020:
3013:
3010:
2997:
2993:
2987:
2984:
2980:
2975:
2972:
2968:
2967:GĂŒrttler 1985
2963:
2960:
2956:
2951:
2948:
2944:
2939:
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2307:
2306:Canada portal
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2219:
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2215:
2211:
2207:
2202:
2198:
2194:
2193:witch doctors
2189:
2188:donder-keidel
2183:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2153:
2150:
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2100:
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2064:
2060:
2056:
2055:
2046:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2032:
2026:
2023:
2015:
2010:
2003:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1953:
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1941:
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1932:
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1773:
1769:
1768:
1764:
1761:
1758:
1755:
1752:
1749:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1740:New Brunswick
1737:
1733:
1732:
1728:
1725:
1722:
1719:
1716:
1713:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1701:
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1561:
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1527:
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1516:
1512:
1509:
1506:
1503:
1500:
1497:
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1489:
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1474:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1442:
1437:
1436:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1404:
1399:
1385:
1384:
1373:
1372:
1361:
1360:
1349:
1348:
1337:
1336:
1325:
1324:
1313:
1312:
1301:
1300:
1289:
1288:
1277:
1276:
1265:
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1253:
1252:
1241:
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1229:
1228:
1217:
1216:
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1204:
1193:
1192:
1181:
1180:
1176:
1173:
1170:
1169:
1158:
1152:
1148:
1134:
1133:MediaWiki.org
1130:
1125:
1116:
1115:
1105:
1101:
1087:
1086:MediaWiki.org
1083:
1078:
1069:
1068:
1056:
1053:
1045:
1042:February 2023
1035:
1031:
1025:
1024:
1018:
1009:
1008:
1002:
1000:
998:
992:
989:
983:
981:
980:Camp Petawawa
977:
973:
969:
965:
961:
957:
956:
951:
945:
937:
935:
931:
929:
924:
922:
918:
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910:
906:
902:
897:
889:
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885:
880:
878:
874:
870:
866:
862:
858:
854:
850:
846:
842:
838:
831:
826:
822:
819:
815:
810:
808:
807:Social Gospel
802:
795:
793:
789:
787:
783:
779:
775:
771:
762:
758:
756:
752:
748:
744:
739:
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
709:
707:
703:
699:
695:
694:United States
691:
688:and south of
687:
683:
679:
675:
671:
667:
666:Great Britain
663:
657:
649:
647:
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
617:
613:
609:
601:
597:
591:Early history
590:
588:
586:
582:
579:(and broader
578:
574:
569:
564:
563:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
512:
508:
504:
503:modern German
496:
489:
485:
479:
478:
472:
468:
465:
462:
461:
457:
454:
451:
450:
446:
443:
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439:
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432:
429:
428:
424:
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410:
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399:
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391:
388:
385:
384:
380:
377:
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373:
369:
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347:
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341:
340:
336:
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318:
314:
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308:
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297:
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228:
224:
220:
216:
212:
207:
198:
193:
189:
185:
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
152:
149:
145:
144:Protestantism
141:
136:
133:
129:
125:
121:
116:
113:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
88:
84:
80:
76:
71:
62:
57:
50:
37:
33:
19:
6393:South Africa
6150:
5766:Walddeutsche
5585:Luxembourger
5536:Scotch-Irish
5284:
5062:Anglo-Indian
4957:Central Asia
4874:Puerto Rican
4680:North Africa
4476:
4448:
4412:
4406:
4398:
4391:
4380:
4366:
4359:
4349:
4345:
4338:
4320:
4297:
4280:
4276:
4249:
4245:
4229:. Retrieved
4209:
4183:
4179:
4172:2-89415293-0
4163:
4153:
4146:
4116:
4108:
4101:
4079:
4048:
4035:
4025:
4018:
3992:
3984:
3977:
3970:
3953:
3935:
3918:
3914:
3906:
3899:
3895:(3 vol 2006)
3892:
3849:
3843:
3822:
3818:
3809:
3805:
3796:
3792:
3773:
3754:
3742:. Retrieved
3732:
3719:
3715:
3688:
3679:
3675:
3658:
3654:
3628:(1): 71â85.
3625:
3621:
3601:
3588:. Retrieved
3578:
3566:Bibliography
3551:
3492:
3480:
3468:
3427:
3415:
3403:
3391:
3379:
3367:
3355:
3343:
3331:
3319:
3307:
3295:
3266:
3254:
3242:
3230:
3218:
3206:. Retrieved
3202:the original
3197:
3187:
3175:. Retrieved
3170:
3161:
3149:. Retrieved
3147:. Bell Media
3144:
3134:
3122:. Retrieved
3117:
3108:
3082:. Retrieved
3077:
3068:
3056:. Retrieved
3052:
3043:
3031:. Retrieved
3027:the original
3022:
3012:
3000:. Retrieved
2995:
2986:
2979:Lehmann 1986
2974:
2962:
2950:
2938:
2926:. Retrieved
2921:
2902:Lehmann 1986
2887:Bassler 2013
2867:. Retrieved
2863:the original
2858:
2849:
2837:. Retrieved
2833:
2814:Lehmann 1986
2809:
2782:
2759:
2748:. Retrieved
2744:
2718:. Retrieved
2714:
2688:. Retrieved
2684:
2658:. Retrieved
2654:
2630:. Retrieved
2626:
2602:. Retrieved
2598:
2574:. Retrieved
2570:
2546:. Retrieved
2542:
2518:. Retrieved
2514:
2480:. Retrieved
2476:
2440:. Retrieved
2436:
2394:. Retrieved
2390:
2346:
2250:
2235:
2142:
2101:
2087:was held in
2070:
2052:
2050:
2027:
2019:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1596:Saskatchewan
1414:(2001â2016)
1150:
1146:
1103:
1099:
1048:
1039:
1028:Please help
1021:
993:
984:
953:
947:
932:
925:
913:
893:
881:
845:Plautdietsch
835:
811:
803:
799:
790:
767:
743:Dutch people
729:Pennsylvania
710:
702:Lower Canada
659:
614:established
605:
500:
487:
483:
474:
213:citizens of
183:
182:
82:
78:
41:Ethnic group
31:
6594:Ostsiedlung
6543:New Zealand
6517:Philippines
6359:Ivory Coast
6244:Puerto Rico
6197:El Salvador
6088:Netherlands
6042:Gottscheers
5842:(including
5792:Switzerland
5440:Montenegrin
5219:Azerbaijani
5187:Palestinian
5139:Singaporean
5052:Bangladeshi
4772:West Africa
4730:East Africa
4481:, 1880â1916
4419:: 515â544.
4160:(in French)
4111:66#2 (1985)
4082:. Toronto:
3829:: 251â272.
3812:(2): 15â30.
3799:(2): 41â50.
3544:Reaman 1957
3497:Reaman 1957
3473:Reaman 1957
3432:Wagner 1978
3372:Freund 2006
3360:Freund 2006
3348:Freund 2006
3336:Freund 2006
3324:Freund 2006
3312:Freund 2006
3300:Freund 2006
3288:Freund 2006
3271:Freund 2006
3259:Freund 2006
3247:Freund 2006
3235:Freund 2006
3223:Freund 2006
2802:Reaman 1957
2764:Reaman 1957
2145:antiquarian
2132:SĂ€ngerfeste
2126:SĂ€ngerfeste
2119:SĂ€ngerfeste
2093:Canada West
2078:SĂ€ngerfeste
2054:Turnvereine
1704:Nova Scotia
1174:Population
1129:Phabricator
1082:Phabricator
865:Third Reich
830:Quebec City
774:Grand River
690:Quebec City
632:South Shore
573:Switzerland
552:Middle Ages
542:, and even
540:Netherlands
528:Switzerland
243:Switzerland
219:2016 census
148:Catholicism
6616:Categories
6507:Kyrgyzstan
6497:Kazakhstan
6398:Afrikaners
6192:Costa Rica
6156:Hutterites
6018:Yugoslavia
5998:Azerbaijan
5907:Bessarabia
5666:Historical
5607:Australian
5481:Portuguese
5435:Macedonian
5394:Lithuanian
5326:Belarusian
5149:Vietnamese
5124:Indonesian
5096:Sri Lankan
5044:South Asia
4935:Venezuelan
4925:Salvadoran
4915:Guatemalan
4763:Zimbabwean
4553:Indigenous
3682:(2): 1â14.
3420:White 1997
3408:White 1994
2955:Heick 1964
2750:2022-09-23
2720:2022-09-23
2690:2022-09-23
2660:2022-09-23
2632:2022-09-23
2604:2022-09-23
2576:2022-09-23
2548:2022-09-23
2520:2022-09-23
2482:2022-09-23
2442:2022-09-23
2396:2022-09-23
2360:References
2169:witchcraft
2149:folklorist
2084:SĂ€ngerfest
2072:SĂ€ngerfest
1504:1,144,560
1498:1,154,550
1492:1,189,670
1390:3,322,405
1378:3,203,330
1366:3,179,425
1354:2,742,765
1342:2,757,140
1330:2,793,780
1318:2,467,055
1306:1,142,365
1294:1,317,200
1282:1,049,599
1166:1871â2016
1159:Population
1034:prose text
1003:Demography
958:, some 26
942:See also:
847:-speaking
770:Mennonites
721:Mennonites
715:, such as
670:George III
654:See also:
608:New France
577:Palatinate
562:Theodiscus
202:pronounced
6538:Australia
6291:Venezuela
6274:Palatines
6222:Nicaragua
6202:Guatemala
6131:Argentina
5912:Black Sea
5858:Satu Mare
5818:Black Sea
5689:Palatines
5573:Québécois
5420:Bulgarian
5372:Norwegian
5367:Icelandic
5336:Ukrainian
5305:Slovenian
5290:Hungarian
5177:Jordanian
5159:West Asia
5134:Malaysian
5114:Cambodian
5079:Pakistani
5029:Taiwanese
5024:Mongolian
5007:Hong Kong
4994:East Asia
4930:Uruguayan
4910:Colombian
4900:Brazilian
4895:Argentine
4854:Dominican
4844:Barbadian
4837:Caribbean
4666:Ethiopian
4597:Québécois
4441:147415727
4289:0008-3496
4268:145534168
4071:430037634
3927:0008-3496
3856:: 45â50.
3835:1052-5165
3667:0018-2257
3642:143085107
3084:19 August
3058:19 August
2839:19 August
2365:Citations
2232:Education
2214:horseshoe
2201:hex signs
1991:2,742,765
1981:3,179,425
1971:3,203,330
1961:3,322,405
988:war films
877:Saskatoon
873:Steinbach
782:Kitchener
646:in 1997.
636:Lunenburg
581:Rhineland
466:3,322,405
455:3,203,330
444:3,179,425
433:2,742,765
422:2,757,140
411:2,793,780
400:2,467,055
389:1,142,365
378:1,317,200
367:1,049,599
118:Languages
79:3,322,405
6585:See also
6512:Pakistan
6420:Zanzibar
6410:Bagamoyo
6405:Tanzania
6325:Cameroon
6259:Nebraska
6227:Paraguay
6187:Colombia
6123:Americas
6055:Bosporus
6038:Slovenia
6003:Bulgaria
5863:Bukovina
5848:Highland
5835:Landlers
5780:Slovakia
5710:Diaspora
5612:Hawaiian
5563:Acadians
5541:Scottish
5455:Yugoslav
5445:Romanian
5425:Croatian
5410:Albanian
5384:Estonian
5275:Austrian
5214:Assyrian
5209:Armenian
5182:Lebanese
5119:Filipino
5014:Japanese
4920:Peruvian
4869:Jamaican
4859:Guyanese
4823:American
4809:Americas
4784:Nigerian
4779:Ghanaian
4742:Sudanese
4719:Egyptian
4707:Tunisian
4702:Moroccan
4692:Algerian
4661:Eritrean
4614:Scottish
4592:Acadians
4231:21 April
4222:Archived
3961:Archived
3956:(1975).
3744:21 April
3707:29291580
3590:16 April
3208:21 March
3177:21 March
3151:21 March
3145:CTV News
3124:21 March
3094:cite web
3033:14 March
3002:20 March
2928:21 March
2869:13 March
2278:See also
2157:proverbs
2139:Folklore
2031:Bukovina
2004:Prairies
1720:101,865
1684:131,795
1678:132,945
1672:142,230
1654:200,370
1648:216,755
1642:218,490
1636:220,735
1632:Manitoba
1618:275,060
1612:286,045
1606:288,790
1600:296,385
1582:500,675
1576:561,570
1570:567,670
1564:603,265
1546:576,350
1540:679,700
1534:683,830
1528:712,955
1510:965,510
1369:10.177%
1270:619,995
1258:464,682
1246:473,544
1234:294,635
1222:403,417
1210:310,501
1198:254,319
1186:202,991
917:Victoria
869:Winnipeg
832:in 1911.
814:Montreal
747:New York
686:Montreal
678:Hessians
628:Lutheran
624:Acadians
475:Source:
211:Canadian
138:Religion
6531:Oceania
6475:Tianjin
6470:Qingdao
6465:Beijing
6432:Baguida
6381:Senegal
6369:Nigeria
6364:Namibia
6335:Yaoundé
6286:Uruguay
6279:by city
6212:Jamaica
6141:Bolivia
6073:Belgium
6028:Croatia
6008:Georgia
5993:Armenia
5972:Finland
5950:Denmark
5927:Galicia
5902:Ukraine
5868:Dobruja
5825:Romania
5813:Moldova
5808:Belarus
5773:Galicia
5759:OlÄders
5754:Vistula
5744:Hungary
5599:Oceania
5531:English
5526:Cornish
5521:British
5514:Flemish
5509:Belgian
5486:Spanish
5476:Maltese
5471:Italian
5450:Serbian
5415:Bosnian
5389:Latvian
5377:Swedish
5362:Finnish
5331:Russian
5246:Turkish
5241:Kurdish
5234:Israeli
5224:Iranian
5129:Laotian
5084:Punjabi
5034:Tibetan
5002:Chinese
4905:Chilean
4864:Haitian
4828:Mexican
4609:English
4604:British
4563:by band
4433:2546792
2165:witches
2095:(later
2042:Culture
2035:Dobruja
1920:Nunavut
1873:14.32%
1867:16.01%
1861:15.64%
1855:15.88%
1762:27,490
1756:33,830
1750:34,870
1744:34,205
1726:89,460
1723:11.28%
1717:10.77%
1714:97,605
1711:10.74%
1708:97,550
1690:88,700
1657:18.15%
1651:19.12%
1645:18.61%
1639:17.79%
1621:28.56%
1615:29.99%
1609:28.63%
1603:27.69%
1585:12.94%
1579:13.78%
1573:13.13%
1567:13.23%
1543:20.87%
1537:19.17%
1531:17.92%
1524:Alberta
1488:Ontario
1393:9.641%
1381:9.751%
1357:9.254%
1345:9.665%
1333:10.35%
1309:4.743%
1297:6.107%
1285:5.755%
1273:4.426%
1261:4.038%
1249:4.563%
1237:3.353%
1225:5.598%
1213:5.781%
1189:5.823%
1131:and on
1084:and on
964:Germany
921:Calgary
919:and in
857:Ukraine
725:Dunkers
723:, and "
717:Quakers
585:Holland
583:), and
548:Ukraine
532:Austria
511:Deutsch
507:endonym
403:+116.0%
356:619,995
345:464,682
334:473,544
323:294,635
312:403,417
301:310,501
290:254,319
279:202,991
249:History
223:Germany
160:Germans
124:English
100:Ontario
6558:Rabaul
6553:Kokopo
6487:Israel
6347:Guinea
6330:Douala
6320:Angola
6312:Africa
6237:Pozuzo
6217:Mexico
6151:Canada
6146:Brazil
6136:Belize
6078:France
6050:Turkey
6033:Serbia
5977:Sweden
5967:Norway
5922:Crimea
5885:Russia
5878:Zipser
5852:Walser
5850:, and
5840:Danube
5785:Zipser
5749:Poland
5718:Europe
5568:Breton
5558:French
5491:Basque
5357:Danish
5300:Slovak
5295:Polish
5285:German
5260:Europe
5229:Jewish
5202:Yemeni
5197:Syrian
5091:Romani
5074:Nepali
5057:Indian
5019:Korean
4969:Kazakh
4964:Afghan
4794:Yoruba
4714:Coptic
4697:Libyan
4687:Berber
4671:Somali
4646:Africa
4546:Canada
4439:
4431:
4354:online
4327:
4308:
4287:
4266:
4200:536806
4198:
4170:
4135:
4090:
4069:
4059:
4040:online
4030:online
4007:
3958:online
3942:
3925:
3870:533769
3868:
3852:(44).
3833:
3780:
3761:
3705:
3695:
3665:
3640:
3609:
3053:Cbc.ca
2924:. 2015
2208:, the
2197:curses
2173:Zodiac
2114:Sarnia
2110:Guelph
2089:Berlin
2069:. The
2065:; and
1986:10.18%
1956:Canada
1945:1.48%
1939:1.88%
1933:2.02%
1927:2.09%
1906:3,005
1903:8.51%
1900:3,495
1897:8.27%
1894:3,375
1891:8.29%
1888:3,410
1870:4,085
1864:4,835
1858:5,210
1852:5,575
1837:4.05%
1834:5,400
1831:5.25%
1828:7,050
1825:5.21%
1822:7,160
1819:5.05%
1816:7,060
1801:1.24%
1798:6,275
1795:1.48%
1792:7,390
1789:1.61%
1786:8,190
1783:1.68%
1780:8,620
1765:3.82%
1753:4.74%
1747:4.68%
1729:9.97%
1693:1.24%
1687:1.77%
1681:1.72%
1675:1.79%
1668:Quebec
1549:19.6%
1513:8.56%
1507:9.52%
1501:9.13%
1495:8.98%
1321:9.86%
1201:5.88%
575:, the
554:, the
544:Russia
538:, the
536:France
522:, the
520:Poland
505:, the
447:+15.9%
414:+13.2%
392:â13.3%
381:+25.5%
370:+69.3%
359:+33.4%
337:+60.7%
326:â27.0%
315:+29.9%
304:+22.1%
293:+25.3%
215:German
209:) are
188:German
132:German
128:French
112:Quebec
34:, see
6502:Korea
6492:Japan
6482:India
6460:China
6374:Lagos
6342:Ghana
6269:Omaha
6264:Texas
6207:Haiti
6168:Chile
5890:Volga
5873:Regat
5844:Banat
5580:Irish
5553:Dutch
5546:Welsh
5430:Greek
5310:Swiss
5280:Czech
5192:Saudi
5172:Iraqi
5067:Tamil
4984:Uzbek
4979:Tatar
4974:Tajik
4849:Cuban
4619:Welsh
4575:MĂ©tis
4570:Inuit
4437:S2CID
4429:JSTOR
4415:(2).
4264:S2CID
4225:(PDF)
4214:(PDF)
4196:JSTOR
3866:JSTOR
3825:(2).
3638:S2CID
2047:Music
1996:9.25%
1976:9.75%
1966:9.64%
1909:8.1%
1848:Yukon
1759:4.7%
1433:2001
1430:2006
1427:2011
1424:2016
1171:Year
972:Japan
968:Italy
780:(now
698:Upper
682:Hesse
558:term
556:Latin
469:+3.7%
458:+0.8%
436:â0.5%
425:â1.3%
348:â1.9%
6570:Apia
6453:Asia
6442:Lomé
6437:Sebe
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