628:
2220:, exerting a strong influence on many parts of life. However, from the Catholics' point of view (especially where Catholics were the majority as in the Rhineland Province, the Saar, Alsace and Loraine, and Silesia), Catholics often felt intimidated by self-consciously Protestant rulers, especially when an anti-Catholic campaign was carried on at many levels and would involve "the banishing of priests and nuns from the country, the driving of bishops from their chairs, the closing of schools, the confiscation of church property, the disruption of church gatherings, the disbanding of Catholic associations, and an open feud with the Vatican.
2195:
2671:
2456:
5524:
2337:
1942:
2409:
41:
76:
2425:
of a compulsory church tax. Under the tax an additional 8 percent to 9 percent of personal income tax is deducted at source by the German state from registered churchgoers (of
Catholic and Protestant communities). Although the tax provides the Catholic and Lutheran churches with an exact membership count and a net income of 5.6 billion euros (in 2008) which has helped make the German Catholic Church one of the wealthiest in the world.
4640:
603:
2486:'s luxury frequent flyer program. Tebartz commissioned a bishop's residence, the St. Nicholas Diocese Center, costing €31 million. Details of the project were kept secret from Limburg's construction authorities to quash rumours of saunas, wine cellars, and interior decorations with precious gems, but the building was later nicknamed the "Kaaba of Limburg", as the colour and cubical shape resembled the
5512:
5086:
4786:
2657:
1776:
2643:
2235:" gained widespread currency. Diplomatic ties with the Vatican were cut and additional laws were passed to quell Catholic opposition. This only resulted in more support by the Catholic population and more resistance by the Church. During the Kulturkampf, four bishops and 185 priests in defiance of the laws were tried and imprisoned and many more were fined or went into exile.
2558:, after praising the seriousness of the Germans in tackling sexual abuse, said that this has been "exploited" to push unrelated ideas, and they seem to be making "concessions" to cultural and media pressure. "The agenda of a limited group of theologians" has become the bishops' proposals, which he says "openly contradict the teaching affirmed by all the popes since the
2293:. The majority of Catholic-sponsored newspapers supported the Centre Party over the Nazi Party. In Munich there were some Catholics, both lay and clerics, who supported Hitler, and, on occasion and contrary to Catholic doctrine, (in the early 1920s) attacked a leading bishop for his defense of Jews. Some bishops prohibited Catholics in their dioceses from joining the
3513:
2547:
their deep concern of a possible "capitulation to the
Zeitgeist," on the part of the German bishops. In April 2022, an international group of more than 70 bishops criticized the Germans for allegedly viewing these issues through "the lens of the world rather than through the lens of the truths revealed in Scripture and the Church's authoritative Tradition."
1930:, had been seasonal celebrations where gifts were offered to appropriate gods and attempts were made to forecast what the coming season would be like. Similar events had sometimes been convened in times of crisis, for much the same reasons. The sacrifices, consisting of gold, weapons, animals, and even human beings, were hung on the branches of a holy tree.
1859:, but in 459 these too were overwhelmed by the attacks of Frankish tribes. Most of the Gallo-Romans or Germano-Romans were killed or exiled. The newcomers to the towns reestablished the observance of the pagan rites. The small remaining Catholic population was powerless to protect its faith against the new ruling Frankish lords.
2319:
the
Catholics in the zone occupied by the Soviet army found themselves under a militantly atheist government. Many parishes were cut off from their dioceses in the western part of Germany. German Catholicism was comparatively less affected than Protestantism by the establishment of the GDR, as nearly
2385:
however, the mobility of modern society began to mix the population. Interconfessional married couples face the problem of not being able to share the same communion. Because of continuing secularization, most states have neither a
Catholic nor a Protestant absolute majority (In addition to the ones
2272:
publicly denounced racism and the murder of innocents. Many Jews were offered baptismal certificates by local parishes and priests in
Germany, and some actually converted to escape deportation, arrest or execution, though the Nazi policy of anti-semitism did not exempt "converts" as their philosophy
2424:
One of the biggest challenges facing the church is to retain the registered, tax-paying members (regardless of how often they attend services) to fund parishes and church agencies, especially its international relief organizations like
Adveniat. German Catholics, however, are divided over the issue
2010:
by the German nobles. This explains the attraction of some territorial princes to
Lutheranism. Along with confiscated Catholic church property, ecclesiastical (Catholic) dominions became the personal property of the holder of the formerly religious office, for the right to rule was attached to this
1913:: the king is charged with interacting with the divine on behalf of his people. Hence the general population saw nothing wrong with their kings choosing their preferred mode of worship. The favoured method of showing the supremacy of the Christian belief was the destruction of the holy trees of the
1843:
amongst its pagan subjects and was achieved gradually by various means. The rise of
Germanic Christianity was at times voluntary, particularly among groups associated with the Roman Empire. Aspects of primæval pagan religion have persisted to this day, including the names of the days of the week.
2546:
The synodal path faced a number of criticisms from bishops from all over the world. In
February 2022, the Polish episcopate aired their concerns to Pope Francis, mentioning the impression that "the Gospel is not always the basis for reflection." In March 2022, the Scandinavian bishops also aired
2373:
The German state supports both the
Catholic and Protestant churches; it collects taxes for the churches and there is religious education in the schools, taught by teachers who have to be approved by the churches. Church taxes are "automatic paycheck deductions" taken from all registered church
574:
with the oldest church in the country. The country has a total of about 24,500 Church buildings including many additional religious landmarks: abbeys, minsters, basilicas, pilgrimage churches, chapels, and converted former cathedrals, built in a profusion of different layouts and styles, from
2572:, warned of "reducing the mystery of the Church to a mere institution of power," and so "the greatest danger" of the proposals is to lose "one of the most important achievements" of Vatican II: "the clear teaching of the mission of the bishops and thus of the local Church."
2841:
Kurt Hoppstädter and HansWalter Herrmann (Publishers, Geschichtliche Landeskunde des Saarlandes, Book 2: Von der fränkischen Landnahme bis zum Ausbruch der französischen Revolution. Selbstverlag des Historischen Vereins für die Saargegend e. V., Saarbrücken 1977, Pg
2828:
Kurt Hoppstädter and HansWalter Herrmann (Publishers, Geschichtliche Landeskunde des Saarlandes, Book 2: Von der fränkischen Landnahme bis zum Ausbruch der französischen Revolution. Selbstverlag des Historischen Vereins für die Saargegend e. V., Saarbrücken 1977, Pg
2128:
was carried out, which brought about a major redistribution of territorial sovereignty within the Empire. At that time, large parts of Germany were still ruled by Catholic bishops (95.000 km with more than three million inhabitants). In the mediatizations, the
3222:
2428:
A poll from universities in Berlin and MĂĽnster, advises that 70% of German Catholics approve of blessings for same-sex couples, 80% accept unmarried couples living together and 85% believe priests should be allowed to marry. 70% of German Catholics support
2297:. This ban was modified after Hitler's 23 March 1933 speech to the Reichstag in which he described Christianity as the foundation for German values. The Nazis did not formally advocate Catholicism but rather an apostate "Christian" sect known as
2230:
Laws enacted in the state of Prussia and in the empire in the early 1870s discriminated against Catholics. These laws were resisted by the Church, leading to heated public debates in the media and in the parliaments, during which the term
346:(or East Germany), Roman Catholics were 42% of the population of West Germany. Religious demographic data is relatively accessible in Germany because, by law, all Christian taxpayers must declare their religious affiliation so that the
1905:. The conversion of the Germanic peoples began with the conversion of the Germanic nobility, who were expected to impose their new faith on the general population. This expectation was consistent with the sacral position of the
2180:). This shift in the 1850s was sustained by a more zealous clergy, the revival of old teaching orders, the emergence of Marian confraternities, new religious congregations of men and women, and the holding of popular missions.
3437:
2171:
lost their means of existence as they had to abandon their lands. Paradoxically, the losses in church land and property made the national or local churches in Germany (as well as in the former Holy Roman Empire, France,
1957:, but they were not considered citizens of the empire.) Within the empire the Catholic Church was a major power. Large parts of the territory were ruled by ecclesiastical lords. Three of the seven seats in the council of
3229:
4572:
1993:
Burghers and monarchs were united in their frustration at the Catholic Church not paying any taxes to secular states while itself collecting taxes from subjects and sending the revenues disproportionately to Italy.
4030:
2470:
A spate of nationwide de-registrations and protest occurred in late 2013 caused by financial corruption scandals, termed the 'Tebartz-effect'. Investigations alleged misappropriation of church funds by Bishop
337:
Growing rejection of the Church has had its impact in Germany; nevertheless, 28.5% of the total population remain Roman Catholic (23.9 million people as of December 2022). Before the 1990 reunification of the
5070:
4770:
3775:
2048:("whose reign, his religion", or "in the prince's land, the prince's religion"). Families were given a period in which they were free to emigrate to regions where their desired religion prevailed.
2320:
all of the Soviet zone's territory was historically majority Protestant, and only 11% of the people were Catholic. There were only two, small, majority-Catholic regions in the GDR: a part of the
3661:
4400:
3631:
3616:
4565:
2497:
encountered an 80% increase in absences, with 228 de-registrations. Also, 1,250 Bavarians left the church in October 2013, doubling from 602 in September. Throughout Germany the cities of
279:
262:
55:
2998:
Grew, Raymond in: "Liberty and the Catholic Church in 19th. century Europe", Freedom and Religion in the 19th. Century, edited by Richard Helmstadter, Stanford University Press, 1997,
3651:
699:
4823:
2440:
According to a survey by the Erfurt-based opinion research institute INSA a third of German Catholics are considering leaving. Older Catholics consider leaving primarily due to
1642:
4558:
2768:
1804:
5123:
2479:
over several years. Nicknamed the "Protzbischof" ("bling-bishop" or "splurge-bishop"), he provoked outrage for the hypocrisy of preaching poverty while living extravagantly.
1592:
2490:
of Mecca. This was despite the diocese's strained budget, which often lacked funds for basic overhead and maintenance of church facilities and for services such as daycare.
2482:
His excesses included travelling first class on humanitarian missions to India on flights costing €7,000 each. Tebartz and his Vice-Vicar Franz Kaspar both qualified for
2285:
was raised as a Catholic in Austria but no longer practised his faith as an adult and as he rose to power. The Catholic Church was in opposition to other ideologies like
4998:
3561:
844:
3833:
4188:
3972:
3962:
3666:
1917:. These were trees, usually old oaks or elm trees, dedicated to the gods. Because the missionary was able to destroy the trees without being slain by the gods, his
684:
4956:
4045:
3684:
2281:, as it had religious representatives in all of the occupied countries. Many individual priests, religious and lay Catholics attempted to save Jews in Germany.
4535:
4274:
3935:
3367:
4338:
1870:
Christians, he became a Catholic. Following the example of their king, many Franks were baptized too, but their Catholicism was intermixed with pagan rites.
704:
3479:
1210:
4816:
4481:
4149:
3621:
2289:, because these ideologies were deemed incompatible with Christian morals. Some German bishops expected their priests to promote the Catholic political
3451:
3289:
5181:
4882:
3656:
1532:
1260:
627:
588:
3517:
3380:
3314:
3985:
3952:
1797:
1582:
5116:
5029:
4154:
4000:
2569:
1637:
576:
3366:
Muller, U. Martin; Wensierski, Peter.'Living in lap of luxury:Bishop's extravagant behavior triggers uproar'.August 23, 2013.Der spiegel online.
4982:
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4851:
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3957:
3947:
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1597:
1492:
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2059:(1618-1648), which devastated most of Germany and killed eight million people, many of those within the Empire dying from disease and famine.
1851:
in Germany came to an end with it. At first, the Gallo-Roman or Germano-Roman populations were able to retain control over big cities such as
5388:
5201:
4972:
4903:
4861:
4846:
4809:
4320:
4050:
4040:
3967:
3636:
3554:
3339:
3038:
2389:
Modern society is changing old structures. Exclusively Catholic environments are disintegrating, even in traditional areas like the state of
1970:
1450:
1275:
413:
2264:
in the years leading up to its rise to power in 1933–34. It believed its primary duty was to protect German Catholics and the Church. Popes
5471:
5408:
5393:
5226:
5013:
4977:
4877:
4832:
4171:
4055:
1602:
1470:
1455:
719:
4923:
4887:
4674:
1933:
The Hiberno-Scottish mission ended in the 13th century. Supported by native Christians, they succeeded in Christianizing all of Germany.
1885:, who was active in the Frankish Empire from 590, and St. Boniface, who was active from 716. The missionaries, particularly the Scottish
353:
Apart from its demographic weight, the Catholic Church in Germany has an old religious and cultural heritage, which reaches back to both
5549:
5044:
4938:
4166:
4060:
1790:
1662:
1460:
611:
3014:
Olsen, Glenn in: The Turn to Transcendence. The Role of Religion in the 21st. Century, The Catholic University of America Press, 2010,
5486:
5438:
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5308:
5109:
5003:
4609:
3729:
3593:
2710:
1672:
1380:
1375:
1111:
1058:
555:
532:
429:
2775:
4918:
4709:
4624:
3724:
3019:
3003:
2983:
2559:
2206:
323:
3990:
5273:
5034:
5008:
4908:
4856:
4739:
4729:
4269:
4065:
3626:
3547:
2255:
1700:
1485:
1340:
759:
3534:
2600:
5065:
5039:
4951:
4928:
4913:
4765:
4719:
4462:
3851:
2124:, was signed on 15 July 1801. Another two years later, in 1803, to compensate the princes of the annexed territories, a set of
1966:
1195:
1088:
1033:
876:
859:
664:
358:
3465:
2194:
5373:
4684:
4679:
1652:
1587:
1537:
1497:
1440:
1006:
1001:
936:
881:
764:
694:
3368:
http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/german-bishop-of-limburg-triggers-uproar-with-luxurious-lifestyle-a-851707.html
5343:
5303:
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3704:
2015:
1517:
1410:
1370:
1350:
1123:
1093:
1078:
1013:
991:
966:
941:
869:
854:
819:
804:
789:
744:
679:
180:
161:
5554:
5476:
5278:
4315:
4035:
3913:
2892:"Crisis and Catastrophe: The Global Crisis of the Seventeenth Century ReconsideredGeoffrey ParkerCrisis and Catastrophe"
2876:
2689:
2494:
2472:
2310:
1762:
1707:
1622:
1572:
1547:
1345:
1180:
1068:
1063:
981:
971:
809:
536:
5559:
5496:
5481:
5443:
5428:
5403:
5358:
5353:
5328:
5186:
4422:
4020:
4013:
3752:
2684:
2146:
1898:
1897:, Scottish monasteries) in Germany, which were later combined into a single congregation governed by the Abbot of the
1752:
1742:
1727:
1632:
1557:
1527:
1502:
1465:
1425:
1420:
1395:
1265:
1143:
1083:
1053:
1038:
1028:
956:
916:
891:
734:
729:
709:
674:
659:
5466:
5448:
4348:
5398:
5383:
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5293:
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5211:
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5151:
5146:
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4025:
2581:
2274:
1757:
1732:
1712:
1687:
1615:
1562:
1542:
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1400:
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1315:
1310:
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1245:
1240:
1235:
1175:
1138:
1128:
1118:
1098:
1043:
901:
864:
849:
834:
824:
814:
779:
774:
724:
669:
644:
619:
3198:
5491:
5433:
5378:
5368:
5348:
5338:
5323:
5318:
5298:
5268:
5236:
5221:
5196:
5132:
4669:
3714:
2463:
2044:
1737:
1717:
1682:
1577:
1567:
1512:
1507:
1435:
1415:
1405:
1390:
1385:
1365:
1335:
1330:
1305:
1295:
1228:
1205:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1133:
1073:
951:
946:
911:
906:
839:
794:
754:
649:
637:
528:
468:
377:
2800:
2455:
5363:
5288:
5258:
3902:
3646:
2705:
1874:
1866:
was baptized together with many members of his household. In contrast to the eastern German tribes, who became
1722:
1677:
1667:
1657:
1647:
1552:
1430:
1355:
1325:
1215:
1200:
1190:
1048:
1023:
996:
986:
976:
961:
886:
829:
784:
769:
749:
739:
714:
654:
373:
4629:
4292:
3843:
3604:
3570:
3401:
2007:
1886:
1747:
1627:
1522:
1185:
1155:
1150:
1018:
929:
896:
799:
689:
30:
2344:
28.5% of the total population is Catholic (23.9 million people as of December 2022). Only one of Germany's
1877:, and English missionaries reintroduced Christianity into the German territories. During the period of the
4694:
4654:
4395:
3734:
3719:
3641:
2459:
2363:
2290:
2150:
1999:
2227:
regarded the Church as a threat, especially in view of its defense of the discriminated Polish minority.
350:
can be deducted by the state and passed on to the relevant church in the state where the taxpayer lives.
4619:
4614:
4599:
4142:
2611:
2555:
2551:
2298:
2052:
2003:
1818:
156:
144:
4664:
3524:
2386:
with Catholic majorities mentioned above, there isn't single Protestant absolute majority in Germany.).
1941:
4734:
4714:
4689:
4604:
4390:
4243:
3789:
3578:
3137:
Niels Sorrells,"Luther's spiritual heirs face uncertain future, CHRISTIAN CENTURY, March 20, 2007, 16
2367:
2359:
2125:
2068:
2056:
559:
547:
484:
476:
425:
311:
219:
2743:
4749:
4259:
2729:
2699:
2676:
2565:
2476:
2336:
2198:
2019:
1918:
567:
551:
543:
488:
401:
3162:
2620:(996–999), is considered the first German pope. The 11th century saw five German popes, including
2042:) determined the religion of his subjects. This policy is widely referred to by the Latin phrase,
5516:
5090:
4790:
4724:
4581:
3744:
2870:
2805:
2662:
2533:
Power and separation of powers in the Church - joint participation and involvement in the mission
2381:
Traditionally, there were localities with Catholic majorities and cities of Protestant majorities
2158:
1974:
1780:
571:
504:
496:
456:
396:, Lorsch Abbey with its remnant 'Torhalle' (gate hall), one of the oldest structures in Germany,
2408:
3480:"As Church in Germany Allows for 'LGBT' Employees, Vatican Publishes Concerns over Synodal Way"
3185:
2493:
The "Tebartz effect" has disillusioned both Protestant and Catholic Christians. In Cologne the
2404:
The number of Catholics who attend Sunday Mass has decreased (from 22% in 1990 to 13% in 2009).
4550:
4523:
4205:
3698:
3034:
3030:
3015:
2999:
2979:
2975:
2913:
2625:
2430:
2346:
2224:
2109:
2078:
2034:
into Catholic and Protestant territories. Under the treaty, the religion of the ruler (either
2031:
2023:
1950:
1910:
1906:
512:
492:
480:
460:
444:
385:
381:
137:
80:
2447:
In 2022 522,821 people left the Church, according to figures released by the German bishops.
443:
The Catholic Church in Germany also boasts one of the country's most recognizable landmarks,
4699:
4659:
3865:
3762:
3587:
3529:
3117:
2903:
2154:
1832:
1824:
563:
500:
448:
405:
389:
366:
331:
315:
185:
149:
75:
4744:
4704:
4450:
4091:
3882:
3770:
3452:"BREAKING: Bishops Sign Letter Warning that Germany's 'Synodal Path' Could Lead to Schism"
2074:
2039:
1878:
524:
508:
397:
291:
283:
266:
215:
105:
95:
59:
2393:
where the Catholic majority was lost in the archdiocese of Munich (including the city of
2213:
In the mid-19th century, the Catholic Church was also seen as a political power, even in
1835:
to Christianity occurred only in the western part of Germany, the part controlled by the
4639:
2628:, previously Joseph Cardinal Ratzinger, reigned from 2005 until his retirement in 2013.
40:
4382:
3051:
Fighting for the Soul of Germany: The Catholic Struggle for Inclusion after Unification
2851:
See Viga-Glum's Saga (Ch.26), Hakon the Good's Saga (Ch.16), Egil's Saga (Ch. 65), etc.
2648:
2617:
2277:– not on religion. The Vatican knew of the murder of the Jews very early on during the
2177:
2138:
2130:
2105:
2097:
1962:
1958:
1828:
393:
354:
295:
122:
5543:
5528:
4364:
3676:
2968:
2434:
2398:
2354:
has a Catholic absolute majority: Catholicism is also the largest religious group in
2340:
Members of the Catholic Church in Germany in December 2012 (ecclesiastical provinces)
2269:
2243:
2121:
2027:
1995:
516:
195:
2956:
James Carroll, CONSTANTINE'S SWORD (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2001), p. 486.
4496:
4083:
3825:
3807:
2526:
2374:
members, "regardless of" whether, and if yes, "how often members attend services."
2316:
2282:
2278:
2265:
2239:
1840:
1836:
437:
433:
343:
173:
115:
2502:
3263:
4330:
4122:
2603:
2232:
2189:
2173:
2035:
1848:
452:
421:
362:
303:
5511:
5085:
4801:
4785:
2656:
1775:
17:
4238:
4233:
4215:
3896:
3423:
3340:"German Exodus: Half a Million Catholics Abandon Church in Historic Departure"
3188:
Catholics a minority in Archdioses Munich: source Austrian Catholic Newservice
2638:
2514:
2294:
2214:
1978:
1902:
1882:
417:
409:
347:
2917:
2550:
On Nov 24, 2022, the Vatican published the critique of two curial cardinals.
5101:
5055:
4302:
4284:
4228:
4181:
4074:
3033:
in: An Economic History of 19th-century Europe, Cambridge University Press,
2506:
2483:
2321:
2286:
2202:
2164:
2142:
2113:
2101:
1890:
29:"German Catholics" redirects here. For the 19th century dissident sect, see
2908:
2891:
2536:
Life in succeeding relationships - living love in sexuality and partnership
3539:
3512:
2433:
and 29% oppose it. 93% of German Catholics believe society should accept
2055:
and tensions within the Holy Roman Empire were one of the reasons for the
4446:
4197:
4133:
3926:
3798:
3264:"Germany's quiet Catholic rebellion on gay blessings and women preachers"
2694:
2413:
2351:
2117:
2063:
Secularization of church states in the aftermath of the French Revolution
1949:
In medieval times, Catholicism was the only official religion within the
1867:
1863:
307:
3381:"Tebartz-van Elst: Das kostet die Einrichtung im Limburger Bischofssitz"
4253:
3874:
2932:
Marpingen: Apparitions of the Virgin Mary in Nineteenth-Century Germany
2616:
Seven popes have been from Germany. Bruno of Carinthia, who reigned as
2444:
while younger Catholics primarily want to avoid paying the church tax.
2417:
2390:
2355:
2217:
2134:
2089:
2085:
1926:
1914:
1852:
339:
327:
205:
84:
3315:"Survey: One in three Catholics in Germany thinking of leaving Church"
3147:
Pongratz-Lippitt, Christa (2004-06-26). "Katholikentag draws 20,000".
2702:- with colored map of the predominant denominations across the country
2006:
justified the confiscation of church property and the crushing of the
3290:"How Catholics around the world see same-sex marriage, homosexuality"
2621:
2510:
2498:
2394:
2261:
2081:
540:
464:
319:
1847:
As Roman rule crumbled in Germany in the 5th century, this phase of
1839:. Christianization was facilitated by the prestige of the Christian
3438:"Nordic Catholic bishops: German 'Synodal Way' fills us with worry"
3163:"Protestant (EKD only) and Catholic statistics by Bundesland 2021)"
2599:
2026:
to officially end the religious wars between the Catholics and the
1998:
denounced the Pope for involvement in politics, and instigated the
4223:
3627:
Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Germany and Central Europe (Antioch)
2598:
2487:
2454:
2407:
2335:
2325:
2193:
2168:
2149:, which was raised from a bishopric with the incorporation of the
2093:
1945:
Ecclesiastical provinces and episcopal sees in Central Europe 1500
1940:
1856:
520:
472:
127:
5071:
Apostolic Exarchate in Germany and Scandinavia for the Ukrainians
3499:(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991). Zalar, Jeffery T.
1973:), and the Arch-chancellor of Germany (archbishop of Mainz). The
3466:"Vatican publishes cardinals' critiques of German 'synodal way'"
1982:
1954:
299:
229:
168:
5105:
4805:
4554:
3543:
2525:
Starting on 1 December 2019, the German Catholic Church held a
3223:"Key Performance Indicators of the Catholic Church 1990 -2009"
2624:
who was canonized as a saint. The most recent German pope was
2301:
that was in direct opposition to Catholic dogma and doctrine.
2242:
in 1878, Bismarck took up negotiations with more conciliatory
3253:
See Willkommen zum Adveniat-Blog, Adveniat Media Portal, etc.
3186:
Erzdiözese München: Nichtkatholiken seit 2010 in der Mehrheit
1937:
Catholicism as the official religion of the Holy Roman Empire
248:
306:, and with the German bishops. The current "Speaker" (i.e.,
4401:
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Germany
3647:
Romanian Orthodox Metropolis of Germany and Central Europe
3617:
Archdiocese of Russian Orthodox churches in Western Europe
2437:
while 6% believe society should not accept homosexuality.
2246:
who proclaimed the end of the Kulturkampf on 23 May 1887.
3662:
Serbian Orthodox Eparchy of DĂĽsseldorf and all of Germany
3424:"Polish Episcopate Concerned About German 'Synodal Path'"
3066:(DeKalb: University of Northern Illinois Press, 2008), 30
2970:
Iron Kingdom: The Rise and Downfall of Prussia, 1600–1947
4344:
Volksmission- The People’s Mission of Decided Christians
3622:
Bulgarian Orthodox Eparchy of Central and Western Europe
3404:. The Local: Germany's news in English. November 7, 2013
2517:
reported three-fold increases of Catholic resignations.
3652:
Russian Orthodox Diocese of Berlin and Germany (Moscow)
2377:
Catholicism in Germany today faces several challenges:
3657:
Russian Orthodox Diocese of Berlin and Germany (ROCOR)
3535:
In Germany, Many Believers Balk at Tweak to Church Tax
4771:
Ukrainian Apostolic Exarch of Germany and Scandinavia
3632:
Greek Orthodox Metropolis of Germany (Constantinople)
3501:
Reading and Rebellion in Catholic Germany, 1770-1914
2324:
region and the region in the southeast inhabited by
1881:, the two most important of these missionaries were
372:
Notable religious sites include structures from the
5457:
5419:
5139:
5053:
5022:
4991:
4965:
4937:
4896:
4870:
4839:
4758:
4647:
4592:
4413:
4381:
4357:
4329:
4301:
4283:
4252:
4214:
4196:
4180:
4141:
4132:
4121:
4082:
4073:
4012:
3999:
3934:
3925:
3912:
3895:
3873:
3864:
3842:
3824:
3806:
3797:
3788:
3761:
3743:
3697:
3675:
3603:
3586:
3577:
244:
236:
225:
211:
201:
191:
179:
167:
155:
143:
133:
121:
111:
101:
91:
38:
2967:
2863:Gesta Hammaburgensis Ecclesiae pontificium Book IV
447:. Other notable Roman Catholic cathedrals are in
2945:Popular Catholicism in Nineteenth-Century Germany
2133:states were by and large annexed to neighbouring
515:which was depicted on the reverse of the old 500
2030:. This treaty legalized the partitioning of the
4189:Evangelical Old-Reformed Church in Lower Saxony
3503:(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018).
2521:Synodal Path and Criticism of the German Church
2137:principalities. Only three survived a tide of
4031:Berlin, Brandenburg and Silesian Upper Lusatia
3685:True Orthodox Metropolis of Germany and Europe
3396:
3394:
575:Romanesque to post-modern. Many are listed as
5117:
4817:
4566:
4536:United Evangelical Lutheran Church of Germany
4275:Union of Evangelical Free Churches in Germany
3555:
3402:"'Untrusting' Catholics rush to leave church"
3362:
3360:
2542:Women in ministries and offices in the Church
2305:Catholicism in the German Democratic Republic
1798:
428:, Sacred Heart in Munich (finished in 2000),
8:
3495:Burleigh, Michael, and Wolfgang Wippermann.
546:with its onion domes and giant single roof,
52:
1961:were occupied by Catholic archbishops: the
5124:
5110:
5102:
4824:
4810:
4802:
4573:
4559:
4551:
4518:
4516:
4514:
4512:
4510:
4508:
4506:
4504:
4491:
4489:
4482:Communion of Protestant Churches in Europe
4476:
4474:
4472:
4470:
4441:
4439:
4138:
4129:
4079:
4009:
3931:
3922:
3909:
3870:
3803:
3794:
3600:
3583:
3562:
3548:
3540:
3106:Archiv des Erzbistums Munchen und Freising
2742:Bischofskonferenz, Deutsche (2022-06-28).
1805:
1791:
597:
2907:
589:History of the Catholic Church in Germany
357:, the "Apostle of Germany" and the first
288:Römisch-katholische Kirche in Deutschland
3118:"The German Churches and the Nazi State"
2273:was based on race as pointed out in its
4435:
4155:Independent Evangelical-Lutheran Church
2722:
2570:Dicastery for the Doctrine of the Faith
2176:, and Austria) more dependent on Rome (
618:
2868:
2837:
2835:
2819:Annuario Pontificio 2008 en presentert
2588:Bund der Deutschen Katholischen Jugend
2441:
491:with the coronation church of the old
35:
4321:Seventh Day Adventist Reform Movement
3735:Syriac Orthodox Metropolis of Germany
3730:Ethiopian Orthodox Diocese of Cologne
3637:Macedonian Orthodox Diocese of Europe
2974:. Harvard University Press. pp.
2799:Craig R. Whitney (28 December 1992).
7:
4172:Evangelical Lutheran Church in Baden
3715:Armenian Orthodox Diocese of Cologne
2100:. One result was the cession of the
3497:The Racial State: Germany 1933-1945
2934:(New York: Alfred Knopf, 1994), 29.
1959:electors of the Holy Roman Emperors
380:buildings. A cursory list may name
4999:Archdiocese of Munich and Freising
4339:Federation of Pentecostal Churches
3667:Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow)
3199:"Deutsche Bischofskonferenz: Home"
2711:Eastern Orthodox Church in Germany
1862:But as soon as 496, Frankish King
25:
3725:Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church
3720:Coptic Orthodox Diocese of Höxter
3090:Cardinal von Faulhaber, 1917-1945
2801:"Church tax cuts the German fold"
2576:Catholic organizations in Germany
2560:Second Vatican Ecumenical Council
2207:Archbishop of Munich and Freising
1969:), the Arch-chancellor of Italy (
583:History of Catholicism in Germany
324:Roman Catholic Diocese of Limburg
271:Katholische Kirche in Deutschland
64:Katholische Kirche in Deutschland
5522:
5510:
5084:
4784:
4638:
4270:International Baptist Convention
4150:Evangelical Lutheran Free Church
3518:Roman Catholic Church in Germany
3511:
3338:Wimmer, AC; CNA (28 June 2023).
3092:Volume I (Mainz, 1975), 305-325.
2947:(Princeton, NJ: Princeton, 1984)
2669:
2655:
2641:
2256:Catholic Church and Nazi Germany
1774:
1593:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
700:Democratic Republic of the Congo
626:
601:
275:Roman Catholic Church in Germany
74:
39:
5066:Military Ordinariate of Germany
4992:Province of Munich and Freising
4957:Diocese of Rottenburg-Stuttgart
4349:Gemeinde Gottes – Church of God
3776:Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church
2890:Parker, Geoffrey (2008-10-01).
1977:could only become such through
1924:The pagan sacrifices, known as
1873:Over the next eight centuries,
594:Christianization of the Germans
3525:The Catholic Church in Germany
2896:The American Historical Review
2606:was one of seven German popes.
2260:The Catholic Church denounced
2108:in 1795. Six years later, the
1:
2016:Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
330:, 7 of them with the rank of
4833:Catholic dioceses in Germany
4316:Seventh-day Adventist Church
4293:Evangelical Methodist Church
3288:Diamant, Jeff (2020-11-02).
2690:Holy See - Germany relations
2566:Luis Ladaria Cardinal Ferrer
2473:Franz-Peter Tebartz-van Elst
2332:Catholicism today in Germany
2311:Christianity in East Germany
2008:Great Peasant Revolt of 1525
2004:doctrine of the two kingdoms
451:with the throne and tomb of
4423:German Evangelical Alliance
4105:Evangelical Reformed Church
3753:Assyrian Church of the East
2966:Clark, Christopher (2006).
2685:Apostolic Nuncio to Germany
2250:Catholicism and Third Reich
2147:Archbishopric of Regensburg
342:by accession of the former
290:) is part of the worldwide
240:23.9 million (28.5%) (2022)
5576:
5550:Catholic Church in Germany
5133:Catholic Church in Europe
4883:Diocese of Dresden-Meissen
4766:Ordinary of the Bundeswehr
4586:Catholic Church in Germany
4311:Sabbath Rest Advent Church
3530:German Bishops' Conference
3370:retrieved December 6, 2013
3344:National Catholic Register
2748:Deutsche Bischofskonferenz
2609:
2582:Katholische junge Gemeinde
2308:
2275:National Socialist Program
2253:
2187:
2084:defeated the coalition of
2066:
1989:The Protestant Reformation
1823:The earliest stage of the
1816:
620:Catholic Church by country
586:
416:on the opposite hill, the
361:, buried in Fulda, and to
344:German Democratic Republic
258:Catholic Church in Germany
249:German Bishops' Conference
162:German Bishops' Conference
45:Catholic Church in Germany
28:
5505:
5079:
4779:
4636:
4431:
3077:Resisting the Third Reich
2464:Neumarkt in der Oberpfalz
2401:) as recently as in 2010.
2045:cuius regio, eius religio
326:. It is divided into 27
73:
49:
5030:Archdiocese of Paderborn
4046:Hesse Electorate-Waldeck
3049:Rebecca Ayako Bennette,
2875:: CS1 maint: location (
2706:Protestantism in Germany
2539:Priestly existence today
2529:convocation discussing:
685:Central African Republic
440:staged every ten years.
4947:Archdiocese of Freiburg
3571:Christianity in Germany
2769:"Church statistics PDF"
2744:"Kirchenstatistik 2022"
2412:Catholic procession in
2153:, and the lands of the
1953:. (There were resident
31:German Catholics (sect)
5517:Catholicism portal
5182:Bosnia and Herzegovina
5091:Catholicism portal
4973:Archdiocese of Hamburg
4904:Archdiocese of Cologne
4847:Archdiocese of Bamberg
4791:Catholicism portal
3642:Polish Orthodox Church
2909:10.1086/ahr.113.4.1053
2607:
2467:
2421:
2364:North Rhine-Westphalia
2350:(federal states), the
2341:
2210:
2151:Archbishopric of Mainz
2018:and the forces of the
2014:On 25 September 1555,
2000:Protestant Reformation
1946:
1781:Catholicism portal
1261:Bosnia and Herzegovina
525:St. Martin's Cathedral
499:(superseding Aachen),
469:St. Hedwig's Cathedral
287:
270:
63:
53:
5023:Province of Paderborn
5014:Diocese of Regensburg
4978:Diocese of Hildesheim
4878:Archdiocese of Berlin
4449:with the rest of the
3816:Roman Catholic Church
3520:at Wikimedia Commons
2602:
2556:Dicastery for Bishops
2552:Cardinal Marc Ouellet
2458:
2411:
2339:
2299:Positive Christianity
2197:
2159:Knights of Saint John
2053:religious intolerance
1971:archbishop of Cologne
1944:
1819:Germanic Christianity
1583:Saint Kitts and Nevis
845:SĂŁo TomĂ© and PrĂncipe
705:Republic of the Congo
292:Roman Catholic Church
5045:Diocese of Magdeburg
4983:Diocese of OsnabrĂĽck
4939:Province of Freiburg
4852:Diocese of Eichstätt
4685:Rottenburg-Stuttgart
4610:Freiburg im Breisgau
4391:New Apostolic Church
4244:Schwarzenau Brethren
3852:Free Catholic Church
3790:Western Christianity
3579:Eastern Christianity
3319:Catholic News Agency
2360:Rhineland-Palatinate
2069:German mediatization
1921:had to be stronger.
1211:United Arab Emirates
577:World Heritage Sites
477:Bernhard Lichtenberg
312:episcopal conference
5555:Religion in Germany
5420:States with limited
5004:Diocese of Augsburg
4966:Province of Hamburg
4897:Province of Cologne
4862:Diocese of WĂĽrzburg
4840:Province of Bamberg
4625:Munich and Freising
4414:Interdenominational
4396:Jehovah's Witnesses
3834:Old Catholic Church
3468:. 24 November 2022.
3426:. 22 February 2022.
3294:Pew Research Center
3053:(Harvard U.P. 2012)
2730:Annuario Pontificio
2700:Religion in Germany
2695:Holy See in Germany
2677:Vatican City portal
2397:and large parts of
2238:After the death of
2199:Munich Frauenkirche
2020:Schmalkaldic League
1967:archbishop of Trier
1598:Trinidad and Tobago
1493:Antigua and Barbuda
483:, proto-Romanesque
359:Archbishop of Mainz
5560:Culture of Bavaria
4924:Diocese of MĂĽnster
4919:Diocese of Limburg
4888:Diocese of Görlitz
4871:Province of Berlin
3936:United Evangelical
3387:. 10 October 2013.
3313:CNA (2021-03-12).
3102:Faulhaber Archives
2943:Jonathan Sperber,
2930:David Blackbourn,
2806:The New York Times
2663:Catholicism portal
2608:
2468:
2422:
2342:
2211:
2073:In the war of the
1975:Holy Roman Emperor
1947:
1533:Dominican Republic
568:Imperial cathedral
436:is famous for the
302:, assisted by the
5537:
5536:
5529:Europe portal
5099:
5098:
5035:Diocese of Erfurt
5009:Diocese of Passau
4909:Diocese of Aachen
4857:Diocese of Speyer
4799:
4798:
4548:
4547:
4524:Reformed Alliance
4409:
4408:
4377:
4376:
4373:
4372:
4206:Church of England
4162:
4161:
4117:
4116:
4113:
4112:
4100:
4099:
3981:
3980:
3891:
3890:
3860:
3859:
3784:
3783:
3699:Oriental Orthodox
3693:
3692:
3516:Media related to
3039:978-1-107-03070-1
2568:, prefect of the
2554:, prefect of the
2495:Protestant Church
2442:child abuse cases
2431:same-sex marriage
2368:Baden-WĂĽrttemberg
2110:Concordat of 1801
2104:to France by the
2057:Thirty Years' War
2032:Holy Roman Empire
2024:Peace of Augsburg
1951:Holy Roman Empire
1911:Germanic paganism
1815:
1814:
720:Equatorial Guinea
566:with its Rhenish
445:Cologne Cathedral
332:metropolitan sees
254:
253:
138:Catholic theology
81:Cologne Cathedral
16:(Redirected from
5567:
5527:
5526:
5525:
5515:
5514:
5458:Dependencies and
5399:Northern Ireland
5140:Sovereign states
5126:
5119:
5112:
5103:
5089:
5088:
5040:Diocese of Fulda
4952:Diocese of Mainz
4929:Diocese of Trier
4914:Diocese of Essen
4826:
4819:
4812:
4803:
4789:
4788:
4642:
4575:
4568:
4561:
4552:
4539:
4532:
4526:
4520:
4499:
4493:
4484:
4478:
4465:
4463:Union of Utrecht
4459:
4453:
4443:
4263:
4139:
4130:
4080:
4051:Hesse and Nassau
4010:
3973:Schaumburg-Lippe
3963:Northern Germany
3932:
3923:
3910:
3906:
3871:
3866:Proto-Protestant
3804:
3795:
3708:
3601:
3597:
3588:Eastern Orthodox
3584:
3564:
3557:
3550:
3541:
3515:
3484:
3483:
3476:
3470:
3469:
3462:
3456:
3455:
3448:
3442:
3441:
3434:
3428:
3427:
3420:
3414:
3413:
3411:
3409:
3398:
3389:
3388:
3377:
3371:
3364:
3355:
3354:
3352:
3350:
3335:
3329:
3328:
3326:
3325:
3310:
3304:
3303:
3301:
3300:
3285:
3279:
3278:
3276:
3275:
3260:
3254:
3251:
3245:
3244:
3242:
3240:
3234:
3228:. Archived from
3227:
3219:
3213:
3212:
3210:
3208:
3203:
3195:
3189:
3183:
3177:
3176:
3174:
3172:
3167:
3159:
3153:
3152:
3144:
3138:
3135:
3129:
3128:
3126:
3124:
3114:
3108:
3099:
3093:
3086:
3080:
3073:
3067:
3064:Hitler's Priests
3060:
3054:
3047:
3041:
3028:
3022:
3012:
3006:
2996:
2990:
2989:
2973:
2963:
2957:
2954:
2948:
2941:
2935:
2928:
2922:
2921:
2911:
2902:(4): 1053–1079.
2887:
2881:
2880:
2874:
2866:
2861:Adam of Bremen.
2858:
2852:
2849:
2843:
2839:
2830:
2826:
2820:
2817:
2811:
2810:
2796:
2790:
2789:
2787:
2786:
2780:
2774:. Archived from
2773:
2765:
2759:
2758:
2756:
2754:
2739:
2733:
2727:
2679:
2674:
2673:
2672:
2665:
2660:
2659:
2651:
2646:
2645:
2644:
2451:"Tebartz effect"
2155:Teutonic Knights
1807:
1800:
1793:
1779:
1778:
1663:Papua New Guinea
1638:Marshall Islands
1461:Northern Ireland
630:
605:
604:
598:
414:Vierzehnheiligen
390:Erfurt Cathedral
367:Aachen Cathedral
282:
265:
245:Official website
78:
69:
67:
58:
43:
36:
21:
5575:
5574:
5570:
5569:
5568:
5566:
5565:
5564:
5540:
5539:
5538:
5533:
5523:
5521:
5509:
5501:
5459:
5453:
5439:Northern Cyprus
5421:
5415:
5314:North Macedonia
5135:
5130:
5100:
5095:
5083:
5075:
5049:
5018:
4987:
4961:
4933:
4892:
4866:
4835:
4830:
4800:
4795:
4783:
4775:
4754:
4670:Dresden-Meissen
4643:
4634:
4588:
4579:
4549:
4544:
4543:
4542:
4533:
4529:
4521:
4502:
4494:
4487:
4479:
4468:
4460:
4456:
4451:Catholic Church
4444:
4437:
4427:
4415:
4405:
4369:
4353:
4325:
4297:
4279:
4257:
4256:
4248:
4210:
4192:
4176:
4158:
4124:
4109:
4096:
4092:Church of Lippe
4069:
4041:Central Germany
4004:
4002:
3995:
3977:
3939:
3938:Lutheran Church
3937:
3917:
3915:
3900:
3899:
3887:
3883:Moravian Church
3856:
3838:
3820:
3780:
3771:Maronite Church
3757:
3739:
3702:
3701:
3689:
3671:
3608:
3606:
3591:
3590:
3573:
3568:
3509:
3493:
3491:Further reading
3488:
3487:
3478:
3477:
3473:
3464:
3463:
3459:
3450:
3449:
3445:
3436:
3435:
3431:
3422:
3421:
3417:
3407:
3405:
3400:
3399:
3392:
3379:
3378:
3374:
3365:
3358:
3348:
3346:
3337:
3336:
3332:
3323:
3321:
3312:
3311:
3307:
3298:
3296:
3287:
3286:
3282:
3273:
3271:
3262:
3261:
3257:
3252:
3248:
3238:
3236:
3235:on 26 June 2011
3232:
3225:
3221:
3220:
3216:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3197:
3196:
3192:
3184:
3180:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3161:
3160:
3156:
3146:
3145:
3141:
3136:
3132:
3122:
3120:
3116:
3115:
3111:
3100:
3096:
3087:
3083:
3074:
3070:
3061:
3057:
3048:
3044:
3029:
3025:
3013:
3009:
2997:
2993:
2986:
2965:
2964:
2960:
2955:
2951:
2942:
2938:
2929:
2925:
2889:
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3677:True Orthodox
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3151:. p. 26.
3150:
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3134:
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3119:
3113:
3110:
3107:
3103:
3098:
3095:
3091:
3088:Ludwig Volk,
3085:
3082:
3078:
3072:
3069:
3065:
3062:Kevin Spicer
3059:
3056:
3052:
3046:
3043:
3040:
3036:
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3020:9780813217406
3017:
3011:
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3004:9780804730877
3001:
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2985:9780674023857
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2808:
2807:
2802:
2795:
2792:
2781:on 2010-06-02
2777:
2770:
2764:
2761:
2749:
2745:
2738:
2735:
2732:2012, p. 1127
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2445:
2443:
2438:
2436:
2435:homosexuality
2432:
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2419:
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2410:
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2399:Upper Bavaria
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2244:Pope Leo XIII
2241:
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2208:
2204:
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2196:
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2132:
2127:
2123:
2122:Pope Pius VII
2119:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2080:
2079:revolutionary
2076:
2070:
2062:
2060:
2058:
2054:
2049:
2047:
2046:
2041:
2037:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2012:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1996:Martin Luther
1988:
1986:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1965:of Burgundy (
1964:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1943:
1936:
1934:
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1929:
1928:
1922:
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1919:Christian god
1916:
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1829:Celtic people
1826:
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1701:South America
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1603:United States
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1341:Liechtenstein
1339:
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778:
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768:
766:
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760:Guinea-Bissau
758:
756:
753:
751:
748:
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731:
728:
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582:
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549:
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387:
383:
379:
375:
370:
368:
364:
360:
356:
351:
349:
345:
341:
335:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
316:Georg Bätzing
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
276:
272:
268:
264:
259:
250:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
228:
224:
221:
217:
214:
210:
207:
204:
200:
197:
196:Franz Lackner
194:
190:
187:
186:Georg Bätzing
184:
182:
178:
175:
172:
170:
166:
163:
160:
158:
154:
151:
148:
146:
142:
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136:
132:
129:
126:
124:
120:
117:
114:
110:
107:
104:
100:
97:
94:
90:
86:
82:
77:
72:
68:
66:
65:
61:
57:
48:
42:
37:
32:
27:
19:
5449:Transnistria
5231:
5054:
4593:Archdioceses
4585:
4534:Part of the
4530:
4522:Part of the
4497:Landeskirche
4495:All of them
4480:Part of the
4461:Part of the
4457:
4260:Main article
4143:Confessional
4084:Landeskirche
3903:Main article
3826:Old Catholic
3815:
3808:Latin Church
3705:Main article
3594:Main article
3510:
3500:
3496:
3494:
3474:
3460:
3446:
3432:
3418:
3406:. Retrieved
3384:
3375:
3347:. Retrieved
3343:
3333:
3322:. Retrieved
3318:
3308:
3297:. Retrieved
3293:
3283:
3272:. Retrieved
3270:. 2021-05-24
3267:
3258:
3249:
3237:. Retrieved
3230:the original
3217:
3205:. Retrieved
3193:
3181:
3169:. Retrieved
3157:
3148:
3142:
3133:
3121:. Retrieved
3112:
3105:
3101:
3097:
3089:
3084:
3076:
3071:
3063:
3058:
3050:
3045:
3026:
3010:
2994:
2969:
2961:
2952:
2944:
2939:
2931:
2926:
2899:
2895:
2885:
2862:
2856:
2847:
2824:
2815:
2804:
2794:
2783:. Retrieved
2776:the original
2763:
2751:. Retrieved
2747:
2737:
2725:
2630:
2626:Benedict XVI
2615:
2612:German popes
2595:German popes
2564:
2549:
2545:
2527:Synodal Path
2524:
2492:
2481:
2469:
2446:
2439:
2427:
2423:
2382:
2376:
2372:
2347:Bundesländer
2345:
2343:
2317:World War II
2314:
2291:Centre Party
2283:Adolf Hitler
2259:
2240:Pope Pius IX
2237:
2229:
2222:
2212:
2178:ultramontane
2163:
2072:
2050:
2043:
2013:
1992:
1948:
1932:
1925:
1923:
1894:
1887:Benedictines
1872:
1861:
1846:
1841:Roman Empire
1837:Roman Empire
1822:
1300:
1196:Saudi Arabia
1089:Turkmenistan
877:South Africa
860:Sierra Leone
665:Burkina Faso
544:Frauenkirche
527:) (the only
442:
438:Passion Play
434:Oberammergau
371:
365:, buried at
352:
336:
274:
257:
255:
226:Headquarters
51:
26:
5487:Isle of Man
5422:recognition
5374:Switzerland
5309:Netherlands
4331:Pentecostal
3991:WĂĽrttemberg
3844:Independent
3408:December 6,
3385:Der Spiegel
2865:. Ch.26–28.
2604:Pope Leo IX
2279:Third Reich
2233:Kulturkampf
2223:Chancellor
2190:Kulturkampf
2184:Kulturkampf
2174:Switzerland
2165:Monasteries
2143:theocracies
2040:Catholicism
2036:Lutheranism
2028:Protestants
2022:signed the
2002:. Luther's
1891:monasteries
1849:Catholicism
1653:New Zealand
1588:Saint Lucia
1538:El Salvador
1441:Switzerland
1376:Netherlands
1112:Middle East
1059:Philippines
1007:South Korea
1002:North Korea
937:Afghanistan
882:South Sudan
765:Ivory Coast
531:other than
517:Deutschmark
471:) with the
453:Charlemagne
426:FĂĽrstenfeld
386:Maria Laach
382:Quedlinburg
374:Carolingian
363:Charlemagne
304:Roman Curia
112:Orientation
5544:Categories
5344:San Marino
5304:Montenegro
5284:Luxembourg
5264:Kazakhstan
5167:Azerbaijan
4735:Regensburg
4690:Hildesheim
4239:Mennonites
4234:Hutterites
4216:Anabaptist
4066:Westphalia
4056:Palatinate
4003:Protestant
3940:of Germany
3914:Protestant
3897:Protestant
3324:2022-03-11
3299:2022-03-11
3274:2022-03-11
2785:2015-07-01
2717:References
2515:Regensburg
2295:Nazi Party
2215:Protestant
1979:coronation
1903:Regensburg
1889:, founded
1883:Columbanus
1825:conversion
1643:Micronesia
1518:Costa Rica
1411:San Marino
1371:Montenegro
1351:Luxembourg
1124:Azerbaijan
1094:Uzbekistan
1079:Tajikistan
1014:Kyrgyzstan
992:Kazakhstan
967:East Timor
942:Bangladesh
870:Somaliland
855:Seychelles
820:Mozambique
805:Mauritania
790:Madagascar
680:Cape Verde
560:Regensburg
519:banknote,
485:Hildesheim
418:Wieskirche
406:Weingarten
348:church tax
157:Governance
5477:Gibraltar
5279:Lithuania
5056:Sui iuris
4750:Magdeburg
4695:OsnabrĂĽck
4655:Eichstätt
4630:Paderborn
4582:Hierarchy
4447:communion
4303:Adventist
4285:Methodist
4229:Bruderhof
4182:Calvinist
4075:Calvinist
4061:Rhineland
3986:Oldenburg
3953:Brunswick
3916:Church in
3745:Nestorian
3349:31 August
2918:0002-8762
2871:cite book
2507:Paderborn
2503:OsnabrĂĽck
2484:Lufthansa
2322:Eichsfeld
2287:Communism
2203:Cathedral
2114:agreement
2102:Rhineland
1763:Venezuela
1708:Argentina
1623:Australia
1573:Nicaragua
1548:Guatemala
1346:Lithuania
1181:Palestine
1069:Sri Lanka
1064:Singapore
982:Indonesia
972:Hong Kong
810:Mauritius
552:Paderborn
537:Jerusalem
489:Frankfurt
430:Altötting
402:Maulbronn
398:Reichenau
310:) of the
298:with the
296:communion
280:‹See Tfd›
263:‹See Tfd›
232:, Germany
150:Episcopal
123:Scripture
56:‹See Tfd›
5497:Svalbard
5482:Guernsey
5429:Abkhazia
5404:Scotland
5359:Slovenia
5354:Slovakia
5329:Portugal
5187:Bulgaria
4725:Augsburg
4665:WĂĽrzburg
4648:Dioceses
4198:Anglican
4134:Lutheran
4125:Churches
4005:Churches
4001:Union of
3927:Lutheran
3799:Catholic
3763:Catholic
3607:Orthodox
3268:BBC News
3239:18 April
3207:18 April
3171:25 March
3123:18 April
3075:Spicer,
2635:See also
2414:Moosburg
2352:Saarland
2270:Pius XII
2225:Bismarck
2118:Napoleon
2116:between
2011:office.
1864:Clovis I
1753:Suriname
1743:Paraguay
1728:Colombia
1633:Kiribati
1558:Honduras
1528:Dominica
1503:Barbados
1466:Scotland
1426:Slovenia
1421:Slovakia
1396:Portugal
1266:Bulgaria
1144:Abkhazia
1084:Thailand
1054:Pakistan
1039:Mongolia
1034:Maldives
1029:Malaysia
957:Cambodia
917:Zimbabwe
892:Tanzania
735:Ethiopia
730:Eswatini
710:Djibouti
675:Cameroon
660:Botswana
612:a series
610:Part of
529:Holy see
505:Freising
501:Freiburg
497:Emperors
457:Augsburg
394:Eberbach
328:dioceses
308:Chairman
212:Language
192:Director
181:Chairman
134:Theology
106:Catholic
5394:England
5384:Ukraine
5334:Romania
5294:Moldova
5252:Ireland
5247:Iceland
5242:Hungary
5232:Germany
5227:Georgia
5217:Finland
5212:Estonia
5207:Denmark
5192:Croatia
5177:Belgium
5172:Belarus
5162:Austria
5157:Armenia
5152:Andorra
5147:Albania
4715:MĂĽnster
4710:Limburg
4675:Görlitz
4620:Cologne
4615:Hamburg
4600:Bamberg
4584:of the
4538:as well
4445:Not in
4254:Baptist
3958:Hanover
3948:Bavaria
3918:Germany
3875:Hussite
3605:Eastern
2976:568–576
2753:30 June
2477:Limburg
2418:Bavaria
2391:Bavaria
2356:Bavaria
2266:Pius XI
2218:Prussia
2205:of the
2135:secular
2098:Britain
2090:Austria
2086:Prussia
1981:by the
1915:Germans
1853:Cologne
1758:Uruguay
1733:Ecuador
1713:Bolivia
1688:Vanuatu
1616:Oceania
1563:Jamaica
1543:Grenada
1498:Bahamas
1456:England
1446:Ukraine
1401:Romania
1361:Moldova
1321:Ireland
1316:Iceland
1311:Hungary
1301:Germany
1291:Finland
1286:Estonia
1281:Denmark
1276:Czechia
1271:Croatia
1256:Belgium
1251:Belarus
1246:Austria
1241:Andorra
1236:Albania
1176:Lebanon
1139:Georgia
1129:Bahrain
1119:Armenia
1099:Vietnam
1044:Myanmar
902:Tunisia
865:Somalia
850:Senegal
835:Nigeria
825:Namibia
815:Morocco
780:Liberia
775:Lesotho
725:Eritrea
695:Comoros
670:Burundi
645:Algeria
548:MĂĽnster
513:Limburg
481:Dresden
461:Bamberg
376:era to
340:Germany
322:of the
237:Members
206:Germany
174:Francis
85:Cologne
5492:Jersey
5434:Kosovo
5379:Turkey
5369:Sweden
5349:Serbia
5339:Russia
5324:Poland
5319:Norway
5299:Monaco
5269:Latvia
5237:Greece
5222:France
5197:Cyprus
4740:Erfurt
4730:Passau
4700:Aachen
4660:Speyer
4605:Berlin
4036:Bremen
4021:Anhalt
4014:United
3968:Saxony
3609:Church
3149:TABLET
3037:
3018:
3002:
2982:
2916:
2622:Leo IX
2590:(BDKJ)
2511:Passau
2499:Bremen
2420:, 2005
2395:Munich
2315:After
2262:Nazism
2169:abbeys
2145:: the
2096:, and
2082:France
1738:Guyana
1718:Brazil
1683:Tuvalu
1578:Panama
1568:Mexico
1513:Canada
1508:Belize
1436:Sweden
1416:Serbia
1406:Russia
1391:Poland
1386:Norway
1366:Monaco
1336:Latvia
1331:Kosovo
1306:Greece
1296:France
1229:Europe
1206:Turkey
1171:Kuwait
1166:Jordan
1161:Israel
1134:Cyprus
1074:Taiwan
952:Brunei
947:Bhutan
912:Zambia
907:Uganda
840:Rwanda
795:Malawi
755:Guinea
745:Gambia
650:Angola
638:Africa
614:on the
570:, and
564:Speyer
556:Passau
541:Munich
465:Berlin
449:Aachen
378:modern
320:Bishop
284:German
267:German
216:German
202:Region
145:Polity
60:German
5467:Ă…land
5409:Wales
5364:Spain
5289:Malta
5259:Italy
4759:Other
4745:Fulda
4720:Trier
4705:Essen
4680:Mainz
4358:Other
4224:Amish
4026:Baden
3233:(PDF)
3226:(PDF)
3202:(PDF)
3166:(PDF)
2829:17/18
2779:(PDF)
2772:(PDF)
2584:(KjG)
2488:Kaaba
2326:Sorbs
2112:, an
2094:Spain
1868:Arian
1857:Trier
1723:Chile
1678:Tonga
1668:Samoa
1658:Palau
1648:Nauru
1553:Haiti
1471:Wales
1431:Spain
1356:Malta
1326:Italy
1216:Yemen
1201:Syria
1191:Qatar
1049:Nepal
1024:Macau
997:Korea
987:Japan
977:India
962:China
887:Sudan
830:Niger
785:Libya
770:Kenya
750:Ghana
740:Gabon
715:Egypt
655:Benin
572:Trier
523:with
521:Mainz
509:Fulda
493:Reich
473:crypt
422:Ettal
273:) or
220:Latin
128:Bible
116:Latin
4123:Free
3410:2013
3351:2023
3241:2017
3209:2017
3173:2023
3125:2017
3079:, 29
3035:ISBN
3016:ISBN
3000:ISBN
2980:ISBN
2914:ISSN
2877:link
2755:2023
2513:and
2366:and
2268:and
2167:and
2157:and
2120:and
2051:The
1983:Pope
1955:Jews
1927:blĂłt
1907:king
1855:and
1831:and
1748:Peru
1628:Fiji
1523:Cuba
1186:Oman
1156:Iraq
1151:Iran
1019:Laos
930:Asia
897:Togo
800:Mali
690:Chad
535:and
533:Rome
412:and
410:Banz
300:Pope
256:The
230:Bonn
169:Pope
92:Type
3104:in
2904:doi
2900:113
2562:."
2475:of
2141:as
2038:or
1909:in
1901:at
539:),
495:'s
475:of
334:.
314:is
294:in
5546::
4503:^
4488:^
4469:^
4438:^
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2092:,
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1985:.
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562:,
558:,
554:,
550:,
511:,
507:,
503:,
487:,
479:,
463:,
459:,
455:,
424:,
420:,
408:,
404:,
400:,
392:,
388:,
384:,
369:.
318:,
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218:,
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