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1359:(Dz.U.97.141.943), but most importantly, named every Nazi German concentration camp and subcamp with Polish nationals in them. The list was compiled for legal purposes as reference for survivors seeking international recognition and/or compensation action. It included Soviet and Stalinist places of detention as well. Among the Nazi German camps were 23 main camps with Polish prisoners, including 49 subcamps of Auschwitz, 140 subcamps of
79:
909:
949:, the year 1942 marked the turning point in the German "total war" economy. The use of slave labour increased massively. About 12 million people, most of whom were Eastern Europeans, were interned for the purpose of labour exploitation inside Nazi Germany. Millions of camp inmates were used virtually for free by major German corporations such as
68:
1167:. Many of the 400,000 Polish prisoners of war captured by Germans during the 1939 invasion of Poland were also imprisoned in these camps, although many of them were sent as forced labourers to the heartland of Germany. Several types of labor camps in this category were distinguished by German bureaucracy.
363:
served as collection points for deportation under the guise of "resettlement". The unsuspecting victims used to mistakenly perceive their own deportations as work summons. The
Germans turned Auschwitz into a major death camp by expanding its extermination facilities. It was only after the majority of
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served exclusively for the internment and extermination of the Polish elites. Before long, it became a nightmare of Moloch with 105 subcamps extending as far as 200 kilometres south into the heartland of Poland and more than 60,000 dead before the war's end, mainly non-Jewish Poles. As far as forced
1302:
The Polish nation lost the largest portion of its pre-war population during World War II. Out of Poland's pre-war population of 34,849,000, about 6 million – constituting 17% of its total – perished during the German occupation. There were 240,000 military deaths,
1310:
The Polish government has issued a number of decrees, periodically updated, providing for the surviving Polish victims of wartime (and post-war) repression, and has produced lists of the various camps where Poles (defined both as citizens of Poland regardless of ethnicity, and persons of Polish
1116:, the Poles and Polish Jews deported from Pomerania and Silesia were denied recognition as Polish nationals. Their true numbers can never be known. Only 35,000 Poles who were still alive in 1945 came back to Poland and registered as Buchenwald survivors, others remained in the West.
799:(annihilation through work). Large numbers of non-Jewish Poles were held in these camps, as were various prisoners from other countries. Among the major concentration camps run by SS for the purpose of wilful killing of forced labourers, the most notable examples included the
762:). Non-Jewish Poles and other prisoners were also murdered in these camps; an estimated 75,000 non-Jewish Poles were murdered at Auschwitz-Birkenau. Most extermination camps had regular concentration camps set up along with them including Auschwitz-Birkenau, Majdanek, and
368:
were annihilated that the cement gas chambers and crematoria were blown up in a systematic attempt to hide the evidence of genocide. The cremation ovens working around the clock till
November 25, 1944, were blown up at Auschwitz by the orders of SS chief
1270:(Stalag 324) held 100,000 Soviet prisoners; 80,000 of them perished. The Germans did not recognise Soviets as POWs and several million of them died in German hands. They were fed only once a day, and the meal would consist of bread, margarine and soup.
413:
near Berlin in
January 1942, leading to the attempt at "murdering every last Jew in the German grasp" thereafter. In early 1942 the German Nazi government constructed killing facilities in the territory of occupied Poland for the secretive
1148:
camps in operation, where at least 1.5 million Poles performed hard labour at any given time. Many of the subcamps were transient in nature, being opened and closed according to the labour needs of the occupier. There were also around 30
188:
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labour, there was little difference between camp categories in Poland except for the level of punitive actions. Some camps were built so that the prisoners could be worked to death out of the public eye; this policy was called
1123:
Arbeitsbuch Für Ausländer (Workbook for
Foreigner) identity document issued to a Polish Forced Labourer in 1942 by the Germans together with a letter "P" patch that Poles were required to wear to identify them from the German
395:
had crystallised in the minds of the Nazi leadership during a five-week period, from 18 September to 25 October 1941. It coincided with the German victories on the
Eastern Front which yielded over 500,000 new POWs
292:, at a distance of 200 kilometres (120 mi) from the main camp. The camp system was one of the key instruments of terror, while at the same time providing necessary labour for the German war economy.
295:
The camp system was one of the key instruments of terror, while at the same time providing necessary labour for the German war economy. Historians estimate that some 5 million Polish citizens (including
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camps and subcamps across Poland and the Reich, worked for a broad range of war-related industries from armaments production and electronics to army uniforms and garments. At most camps, including
2187:
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Według ustaleń Czesława Łuczaka, do wszelkiego rodzaju obozów odosobnienia deportowano ponad 5 mln obywateli polskich (łącznie z Żydami i
Cyganami). Z liczby tej zginęło ponad 3 miliony.
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The
Germans established several camps for prisoners of war (POWs) from the western Allied countries in territory which before 1939 had been part of Poland. There was a major POW camp at
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by the Nazis. Work conditions deteriorated rapidly. The German need for slave labour grew to the point that even the foreign children have been kidnapped in an operation called the
348:, Nazi Germany created some 42,500 camps and ghettos in which an estimated 15 to 20 million people were imprisoned. All types of confinement were used as a source of labour supply.
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2918:
1956:
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and Polish Army in 1944 or 1945. A number of camps were subsequently used by the
Soviets or Polish communist regime as POW or labor camps for Germans, Poles, Ukrainians, e.g.:
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in which 40,000 to 50,000 Polish children aged 10 to 14 were used as slave labour. More than 2,500 German companies profited from slave labour during the Nazi era, including
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779:
341:
245:
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1426:. Sporadically, the controversy is caused by the lack of sensitivity toward the history of the German occupation of Poland with comments made without awareness of the
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2250:
the testimonials from young children beyond their level of competence, such as G. Niewiadomski's (age 13) and similar others, quoted by the author from H. Grynberg (
1885:
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with 130,000-140,000 Poles on record, used as slave labour. Over half of them were murdered there; others were shipped to other complexes. There were hundreds of
1838:
1103:
360:
3010:
2760:
2446:
1710:"The Army of Millions of the Modern Slave State: Deported, used, forgotten: Who were the forced workers of the Third Reich, and what fate awaited them?"
808:
90:
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were redesigned to exploit the labor of foreign captives and prisoners of war at high mortality rate for maximum profit. Millions of ordinary people
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932:
831:
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174:
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population accounted for 11% of the total number of inmates in Nazi concentration camps by 1944, and yet by 1945 nothing remained of it due to
2113:
1427:
2531:
2319:
2015:
1921:
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2006:
218:
229:. After the 1941 German attack on the Soviet Union, a much greater system of camps was established, including the world's only industrial
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1407:
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1935:
204:
2150:"W sprawie określenia miejsc odosobnienia, w których były osadzone osoby narodowości polskiej lub obywatele polscy innych narodowości"
1866:
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held mainly German Jews and political enemies of the Nazi regime. Everything changed dramatically with the onset of World War II. The
42:
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2886:
2805:"Ustawa z dnia 24 stycznia 1991 r. o kombatantach oraz niektórych osobach będących ofiarami represji wojennych i okresu powojennego"
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servicing Nazi German startups which ballooned during this period. War profiteers set up camps in the vicinity of the ghettos via
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1459:
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was redefined. Different methods of industrial-scale murder were tested and the sites of the extermination camps were selected.
359:
by the SS for the sole purpose of mass murder in gas chambers. During the
Holocaust, many transit camps as well as newly formed
2600:
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2100:
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827:
249:
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300:) went through them. Impartial scientific research into prisoner statistics became possible only after the collapse of the
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and
Majdanek; both operating in a dual capacity until the end of the war. In total, the Nazi German death factories (
2309:
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and others. Without exception, they were set up by the Germans for the abuse and exploitation of foreign nationals.
2960:
1287:
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The Germans pressed large numbers of Poles and Polish Jews into forced labour. The labourers, imprisoned in German
893:
2521:
2423:
1605:"German Crimes in Poland, Central Commission for Investigation of German Crimes in Poland. Volume I, Warsaw 1946"
800:
572:
496:
2208:"Forced labor-camps in District Lublin: Budzyn, Trawniki, Poniatowa, Krasnik, Pulawy, Airstrip and Lipowa camps"
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795:
329:
241:
122:
1980:
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were also brought to occupied Poland, where most of them were murdered in slave labor camps. The POW camp in
2258:), are intentionally omitted for the sake of reliability. Retrieved via Internet Archive on 30 October 2015.
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632:
382:
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Hitlerowski rabunek dzieci polskich : uprowadzanie i germanizowanie dzieci polskich w latach 1939–1945
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834:, Poland (part of the German Silesia in World War II), was surrounded by a network of 97 satellite camps (
337:
214:
2725:
2464:
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2878:
865:
2486:
2420:"Comprehensive List Of German Companies That Used Slave Or Forced Labour During World War II Released"
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The prisoners were deported to camps servicing German state projects of Organization Schmelt, and the
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Naming of the camps by western media often cause controversies due to the usage of ambiguous phrase "
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763:
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589:
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1545:[Subcamps of Gross-Rosen, interactive]. Gross-Rosen Museum (Muzeum Gross Rosen w Rogoźnicy)
1044:
813:
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2843:
2451:
2376:
2329:
1973:"Drzewa "żywe pomniki" w Muzeum – Miejscu Pamięci w Bełżcu (Trees as living monuments at Bełżec)"
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2011:
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1355:. The bill confirmed various categories of camp victims as defined during the founding of the
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60:
2114:"30th Annual News & Documentary Emmy Awards Winners Announced at New York City Gala"
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ethnicity of other citizenship) were detained either by the Germans or by the Soviets.
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introduced a special bill devoted to commemoration of Poland's citizens subjected to
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were described as citizens of the Soviet Union in the official communist statistics.
301:
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1241:
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were punitive labor camps, originally created as such, as well as based on prisons.
676:
78:
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2553:(Internet Archive). United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Retrieved 22 May 2015.
2287:
2001:
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and Roma) were deported to German camps, of whom over 3 million prisoners perished.
1255:
1172:
1087:
970:
873:
755:
325:
210:
2658:
2427:
2186:
Dr Tomasz Andrzejewski, Dyrektor Muzeum Miejskiego w Nowej Soli (8 January 2010),
1800:"Getta tranzytowe w dystrykcie lubelskim (Transit ghettos in the Lublin district)"
804:
248:
camps consisted of dozens of subsidiary camps scattered over a broad area. At the
1612:
916:
Buna-Werke industrial complex serviced by as many as 11 slave labour subcamps of
2812:
2442:
2157:
2029:
1524:
1372:
1237:
1133:
1129:
849:
365:
297:
163:
1380:
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3,000,000 Polish-Jewish Holocaust victims, and 2,760,000 civilian deaths (see
1156:
1151:
1083:
998:
942:
402:
110:
102:
2579:
1746:
The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos
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2405:
1400:
1364:
1137:
1023:
966:
958:
921:
913:
528:
285:
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including nearly 26,000 women. There were similar camps, built locally, at
789:
506:
281:
94:
2255:
908:
1396:
1320:
1233:
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were training labor camps, where the inmates were held for several weeks.
978:
702:
289:
98:
2978:
The Destruction of the European Jews: The Revised and Definitive Edition
2957:
2839:"Polish Premier Denounces Obama for Referring to a 'Polish Death Camp'"
2666:
Obozy przesiedleńcze i przejściowe na terenach wcielonych do III Rzeszy
994:
990:
982:
848:
in the process of ethnic cleansing. By October 1943, most inmates were
617:
446:
240:
German-occupied Poland contained 457 camp complexes. Some of the major
1582:
714:
542:
2119:. National Academy of Television Arts & Sciences. Archived from
280:
officially and as many as 105 subcamps in operation, some as far as
2465:"German Firms That Used Slave or Forced Labour During the Nazi Era"
1972:
1001:, not to mention the German subsidiaries of foreign firms, such as
1419:
1277:
1118:
974:
954:
907:
869:
305:
67:
2967:
Compendium of anti-Polish sentiment by PMI group; Cardiff, Wales.
1494:
304:
in 1989, because in the preceding decades all inhabitants of the
2897:"Polish Council of Ministers decree on combatants and repressed"
2800:
2060:"Majdanek Victims Enumerated. Changes in the history textbooks?"
1344:
1010:
442:
by gassing under the guise of a shower, included the following:
1155:
camps among them, formally identified in Silesia as permanent (
344:
as part of the German war effort. According to research by the
1585:(Państwowe Muzeum Auschwitz-Birkenau w Oświęcimiu), 1999–2010
751:
2447:"German Companies Adopt Fund For Slave Labourers Under Nazis"
2270:"Final Compensation Pending for Former Nazi Forced Labourers"
1176:
was general-purpose term for labor camps in the direct sense.
166:
and Gypsies) and millions of other, mostly European, citizens
125:
in occupied Poland, marked with white skulls in black squares
2994:
the final solution on a European-wide scale mobile killings.
2404:(in German). Die Zeitung "Neues Deutschland". Archived from
2284:"Forced Labour at Ford Werke AG during the Second World War"
1090:
GmbH, or private enterprises making German uniforms such as
97:, built by Nazi Germany in 1942 • Inmates of
2607:(in Polish). Muzeum Gross Rosen w Rogoźnicy. Archived from
2148:
Rozporządzenie Prezesa Rady Ministrów (29 September 2001).
900:), and numerous other towns with virtually nothing to eat.
2212:
Holocaust Encyclopedia: Lublin/Majdanek Concentration Camp
1609:
Background and Introduction, Howard Fertig, New York, 1982
225:
formed by Nazi Germany in the central part of the country
2718:"List of some of the more common terms and abbreviations"
2568:"W cieniu Buchenwaldu (In the deep shadow of Buchenwald)"
2156:. Dziennik Ustaw, 2001. Nr 106, poz. 1154. Archived from
1564:
List of Subcamps of KL Auschwitz (Podobozy KL Auschwitz).
1499:
Straty ludzkie poniesione przez Polskę w latach 1939–1945
1017:) among others. The foreign subsidiaries were seized and
2811:. Dziennik Ustaw, 1997. Nr 142, poz. 950. Archived from
1284:
The Mass Extermination of Jews in German Occupied Poland
19:
Nazi German camps in occupied Poland during World War II
1410:" discouraged by the Polish and Israeli governments as
1418:
were German. They were set up during the reign of the
1217:
camps for the actual, and the presumed ethnic Germans.
750:
The primary function of death camps was the murder of
353:
concerted effort to destroy the European Jews entirely
213:
between 1939 and 1945 throughout the territory of the
1859:
When Titans Clashed: How the Red Army Stopped Hitler.
89:
Left to right (top to bottom): Concentration camp in
1839:
Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum in Oświęcim, Poland.
1675:"Stutthof (Sztutowo): Full Listing of Camps, Poland"
409:
The new extermination policy was spelled out at the
1537:
1535:
1353:
forced labour under German rule during World War II
1086:, among other slave labour projects such as the SS
780:
Forced labour under German rule during World War II
754:from all countries occupied by Germany, except the
158:
153:
143:
135:
130:
2975:
2777:. Geschichtswerkstatt Europa. 2010. Archived from
2202:
2200:
2091:Moshe Lifshitz, "Zionism". (ציונות), p. 304; (in)
1902:Auschwitz: A New History. New York: Public Affairs
1693:"Atlas of the Holocaust" by Martin Gilbert (1982).
1208:were set up for Polish children hard to Germanize.
268:; their detailed descriptions are provided by the
2930:. Archived from the original on February 13, 2006
2749:"Obóz jeniecki w Grądach k. Ostrowi Mazowieckiej"
2574:. Magazine Tradycja, pismo społeczno-kulturalne.
2066:. Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum. Archived from
1802:. Archived from the original on February 12, 2012
2948:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
2917:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
2402:"2,500 Firmen – Sklavenhalter im NS-Lagersystem"
2235:(translated from the Polish by Dobrochna Fire),
1955:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
1819:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
3016:German occupation of Poland during World War II
2899:. Archived from the original on October 4, 2006
2182:
2180:
2178:
768:distinct from the adjoining extermination camps
117:(June 24, 1944) • Death gate at
2408:on July 19, 2011 – via Internet Archive.
2188:'Organizacja Schmelt.' Marsz śmierci z Neusalz
1877:
1875:
1484:
1482:
1480:
2803:Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej (24 January 1991).
2488:German Concentration Camps 1933–1945. History
2467:. American Jewish Committee. January 27, 2000
2356:Economy and Class Structure of German Fascism
2286:. The Summer of Truth Website. Archived from
1758:. Oxford University Press. pp. 251–252.
182:
101:returning to barracks, 1944 •
8:
2992:– via Internet Archive, Snippet view.
1977:Współczesna przeszłość, 125-140, Poznań 2009
1914:Bloodlands: Europe Between Hitler and Stalin
1104:Forced labour in Germany during World War II
400:. During this time, the concept of Hitler's
361:Jewish ghettos across German occupied Poland
18:
2561:
2559:
1938:. Archived from the original on May 3, 2012
1755:Exploring the Universe of Camps and Ghettos
1258:, plus a network of smaller ones including
2761:POLIN Museum of the History of Polish Jews
2143:
2141:
1961:. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum.
1598:
1596:
1594:
1307:backed with real research and citations).
233:constructed specifically to carry out the
189:
175:
2928:"Decree on definition of detention sites"
2751:[Prisoner-of-war camp in Grądy].
2526:. Amberley Publishing. pp. 37, 150.
2214:. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
1633:. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
260:(Auschwitz I, Auschwitz II-Birkenau, and
1881:
1739:
1737:
1624:
1622:
1603:Compiled by Dr. Stuart D. Stein (2000),
933:Jewish ghettos in German-occupied Poland
2755:. Ostrów Mazowiecka: Wirtualny Sztetl (
2747:Krzysztof Bielawski (11 January 2011).
2545:
2543:
2311:Slave Labor in Nazi Concentration Camps
2190:(Internet Archive). Skradziona pamięć!
1629:Holocaust Encyclopedia (20 June 2014).
1476:
514:1.1 million, around 90 percent Jewish.
346:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
235:"Final Solution to the Jewish Question"
2941:
2910:
2400:Jürgen Reents, ND (16 November 1999).
2337:
2327:
1948:
1812:
1781:
1771:
17:
2638:. Państwowe Muzeum Auschwitz-Birkenau
2381:. Katowice: Śląsk. pp. 99, 146.
2039:. Muzeum Kulmhof w Chełmnie nad Nerem
1228:List of German World War II POW camps
784:At the beginning of the war, the new
336:, KL or KZ) set up across the entire
162:5 million Polish citizens (including
7:
2246:, pp. 137–167. Yizkor Book Project.
2007:The Destruction of the European Jews
1841:13 September 2005, Internet Archive.
733:
453:German extermination camps in Poland
438:) designed to systematically murder
426:) were added to already functioning
2124:(PDF file, direct download 50.4 KB)
2010:by Yale University Press, p. 1219.
1319:German camps were liberated by the
1201:is translated as forced labor camp.
324:, the concentration camps built in
3011:Nazi concentration camps in Poland
2724:. Internet Archive. Archived from
2689:"Directory of Places of Detention"
2551:The Gross-Rosen concentration camp
2491:. War and Philabooks. p. 59.
2324:– via Google Books, preview.
2241:The Extermination of Siedlce Jews.
1912:, p. 298. Snyder, Timothy (2010).
1497:[Polish civilian losses].
14:
2875:The Origins of the Final Solution
2426:. 7 December 1999. Archived from
1515:According to postwar research by
1357:Institute of National Remembrance
809:Kraków-Płaszów concentration camp
2958:The German occupation of Poland.
2809:Dz. U. z dnia 24 stycznia 1991 r
2154:Dz. U. z dnia 29 września 2001 r
1460:Nazi crimes against ethnic Poles
811:made famous in the feature film
430:systems, including at Auschwitz
77:
66:
59:
48:
41:
30:
2775:"One place, different memories"
2549:Holocaust Encyclopedia (2014),
2030:"Historia obozu (Camp history)"
1971:Jacek Małczyński (2009-01-19).
1575:Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum
738:Killing factories of secretive
270:Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum
2982:. New York: Holmes and Meier.
2753:Miejsca martyrologii – Zabytki
2632:"Różne grupy więźniów. Polacy"
2566:Dr Bohdan Urbankowski (2010).
1715:Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung
1182:was a work camp for civilians.
828:Gross-Rosen concentration camp
250:Gross-Rosen concentration camp
1:
2956:German Camps Polish Victims,
2881:. London: William Heinemann.
2837:Landler, Mark (30 May 2012).
2297:– via Internet Archive.
2268:Marek, Michael (2005-10-27).
2237:The Jews in Siedlce 1850–1945
2058:Paweł Reszka (Dec 23, 2005).
1038:Nazi companies controlled by
941:Following the failure of the
920:, one of three main camps of
436:Vernichtungs- oder Todeslager
2925:Polish Council of Ministers
2095:by Cecylia Ziobro Thibault,
1861:University Press of Kansas.
1339:Decrees of Polish Parliament
1329:Central Labour Camp Potulice
1244:with hundreds of subsidiary
1057:Deutsche Wirtschaftsbetriebe
766:. However, these camps were
758:(Soviet Jews were generally
113:latifundia •
2314:. OUP Oxford. p. 335.
1653:"Forgotten Camps: Stutthof"
1501:. Bibula – pismo niezalezne
1493:Centrala (31 August 2009).
1455:Potulice concentration camp
1440:History of Poland (1939–45)
904:War economy of Nazi Germany
786:Stutthof concentration camp
428:extermination through labor
351:Between 1941 and 1943, the
310:annexed by the USSR in 1939
274:Stutthof concentration camp
139:September 1939 – April 1945
119:Stutthof concentration camp
115:Majdanek concentration camp
3032:
2037:Chełmno extermination camp
2033:(Information for visitors)
2028:MOZKC (28 December 2013).
1495:"Straty ludności cywilnej"
1315:Camps after the liberation
1288:Polish government-in-exile
1225:
1101:
1078:, and launch pads for the
926:
777:
719:
680:
637:
598:600,000 with 246,922 from
593:
546:
510:
468:Nazi-delineated territory
380:
320:Before the September 1939
2630:Auschwitz Museum (2015).
2601:"Historia KL Gross-Rosen"
2520:John Christopher (2014).
2424:American Jewish Committee
2389:– via Google Books.
1916:. New York: Basic Books.
1543:"Filie obozu Gross-Rosen"
1343:On 20 September 2001 the
1063:Deutsche Ausrüstungswerke
840:Polish nationals expelled
801:Soldau concentration camp
731:
541:80 km north-east of
449:
254:number of subcamps was 97
170:
121: • Map of
23:
2871:Browning, Christopher R.
1933:Holocaust Encyclopedia,
1829:. Retrieved 20 May 2015.
796:Vernichtung durch Arbeit
760:murdered by death squads
717:city district at present
330:Nazi concentration camps
123:Nazi extermination camps
1900:Rees, Laurence (2005).
1489:Dr Waldemar Grabowski,
1445:The Holocaust in Poland
1305:World War II casualties
1264:Soviet prisoners-of-war
1076:Valentin submarine pens
1066:(DAW), and the massive
937:Economy of Nazi Germany
383:The Holocaust in Poland
355:led to the creation of
2194:Retrieved 22 May 2015.
2093:Trapped in a Nightmare
1679:Jewish Virtual Library
1424:German-occupied Europe
1299:
1186:Arbeitserziehungslager
1125:
1098:Labour camp categories
924:
912:Birds-eye view of new
684:200,000 (most via the
641:200,000 (140,000 from
338:German-occupied Europe
262:Auschwitz III-Monowitz
258:Auschwitz camp complex
2485:Erik Lørdahl (2000).
2445:(February 17, 1999).
2375:Roman Hrabar (1960).
2308:Marc Buggeln (2014).
1981:University of Wrocław
1744:Anat Helman (2015). "
1414:. All camps built in
1281:
1222:Prisoner of war camps
1122:
911:
725:Majdanek State Museum
2354:Sohn-Rethel, Alfred
2163:on February 13, 2006
2126:on November 22, 2010
1750:Geoffrey P. Megargee
1465:Operation Tannenberg
675:50 km north of
670:Reichsgau Wartheland
440:trainloads of people
221:in 1939, and in the
217:, both in the areas
2877:. Contributions by
2722:SS Dienstalterliste
2716:War relics (2013).
2668:. Demart. p. 6
2659:"Lista Polenlagrów"
2073:on November 6, 2011
1092:Többens and Schultz
1048:(RAD) in charge of
1045:Reichsarbeitsdienst
774:Concentration camps
709:Generalgouvernement
625:Generalgouvernement
580:Generalgouvernement
550:800,000–900,000 at
536:Generalgouvernement
432:Konzentrationslager
420:extermination camps
377:Extermination camps
357:extermination camps
334:Konzentrationslager
231:extermination camps
207:during World War II
20:
2963:2022-08-10 at the
2844:The New York Times
2818:on October 4, 2006
2816:(Internet Archive)
2691:. Federal Archives
2687:Das Bundesarchiv.
2452:The New York Times
2358:, CSE Books, 1978
2161:(Internet Archive)
2071:(Internet Archive)
1569:2011-10-12 at the
1408:Polish death camps
1349:Republic of Poland
1300:
1199:Zwangsarbeitslager
1180:Gemeinschaftslager
1126:
1070:(OT), which built
1007:Ford Motor Company
925:
866:Skarżysko-Kamienna
740:Operation Reinhard
600:General Government
490:Auschwitz-Birkenau
474:Holocaust victims
416:Operation Reinhard
411:Wannsee Conference
391:The vision of the
322:Invasion of Poland
223:General Government
2662:(PDF 251 KB)
2611:on April 23, 2014
2572:Pamięć za drutami
2533:978-1-4456-3873-7
2523:Organisation Todt
2321:978-0-19-101764-3
2016:978-0-300-09557-9
1922:978-0-465-00239-9
1765:978-0-19-026542-7
1708:(16 March 1999).
1399:, 24 subcamps of
1395:, 28 subcamps of
1391:, 55 subcamps of
1387:, 26 subcamps of
1383:, 67 subcamps of
1379:, 55 subcamps of
1375:, 54 subcamps of
1371:, 97 subcamps of
1367:, 83 subcamps of
1363:, 94 subcamps of
1325:Zgoda labour camp
1290:addressed to the
1240:) and another at
1192:Strafarbeitslager
1068:Organisation Todt
1013:(a subsidiary of
929:Arbeit macht frei
838:) populated with
746:
745:
633:Brześć nad Bugiem
590:Tomaszów Lubelski
464:Vernichtungslager
424:Vernichtungslager
199:
198:
3023:
2996:
2981:
2953:
2947:
2939:
2937:
2935:
2922:
2916:
2908:
2906:
2904:
2892:
2856:
2855:
2853:
2851:
2834:
2828:
2827:
2825:
2823:
2817:
2797:
2791:
2790:
2788:
2786:
2781:on July 16, 2011
2771:
2765:
2764:
2744:
2738:
2737:
2735:
2733:
2728:on April 2, 2015
2713:
2707:
2706:
2701:Search keyword:
2698:
2696:
2684:
2678:
2677:
2675:
2673:
2663:
2654:
2648:
2647:
2645:
2643:
2627:
2621:
2620:
2618:
2616:
2605:Internet Archive
2597:
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2272:. Deutsche Welle
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1729:
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1718:. Archived from
1702:
1696:
1695:
1687:
1685:
1671:
1665:
1664:
1662:
1660:
1649:
1643:
1642:
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1638:
1626:
1617:
1616:
1611:, archived from
1600:
1589:
1588:
1561:
1555:
1554:
1552:
1550:
1539:
1530:
1529:
1521:Polish nationals
1508:
1506:
1486:
1393:KZ Sachsenhausen
1247:Arbeitskommandos
1036:war profiteering
945:strategy on the
814:Schindler's List
734:
722:
701:
695:
683:
662:
656:
645:and 25,000 from
640:
635:
616:
610:
597:
571:
565:
549:
527:
521:
513:
492:
487:
481:
471:Polish location
447:
371:Heinrich Himmler
203:German camps in
191:
184:
177:
126:
81:
70:
63:
52:
45:
34:
21:
3031:
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3026:
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3020:
3001:
3000:
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2990:
2970:
2965:Wayback Machine
2940:
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2909:
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2895:
2889:
2879:Jürgen Matthäus
2869:
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2715:
2714:
2710:
2694:
2692:
2686:
2685:
2681:
2671:
2669:
2661:
2657:FPNP database.
2656:
2655:
2651:
2641:
2639:
2629:
2628:
2624:
2614:
2612:
2599:
2598:
2594:
2584:
2582:
2565:
2564:
2557:
2548:
2541:
2534:
2519:
2518:
2514:
2499:
2484:
2483:
2479:
2470:
2468:
2463:
2457:
2455:
2441:
2433:
2431:
2430:on 8 April 2008
2418:
2417:
2413:
2399:
2398:
2394:
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2373:
2369:
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2336:
2326:
2322:
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2293:
2291:
2290:on July 7, 2006
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2127:
2123:
2116:
2112:
2111:
2107:
2090:
2086:
2076:
2074:
2070:
2064:Gazeta Wyborcza
2057:
2056:
2052:
2042:
2040:
2032:
2027:
2026:
2022:
2000:
1996:
1986:
1984:
1970:
1969:
1965:
1947:
1941:
1939:
1934:
1932:
1928:
1896:
1892:
1882:Browning (2004)
1880:
1873:
1849:
1845:
1837:
1833:
1811:
1805:
1803:
1798:
1797:
1793:
1780:
1770:
1766:
1743:
1742:
1735:
1725:
1723:
1722:on June 4, 2011
1704:
1703:
1699:
1683:
1681:
1673:
1672:
1668:
1658:
1656:
1651:
1650:
1646:
1636:
1634:
1628:
1627:
1620:
1602:
1601:
1592:
1586:
1571:Wayback Machine
1562:
1558:
1548:
1546:
1541:
1540:
1533:
1519:over 5 million
1504:
1502:
1488:
1487:
1478:
1473:
1436:
1416:occupied Poland
1341:
1317:
1276:
1236:(Thorn, called
1230:
1224:
1206:Jugenverwahrlag
1106:
1100:
1080:V-1 flying bomb
939:
906:
782:
776:
732:
720:
699:
693:
681:
660:
654:
638:
631:85 km south of
630:
614:
608:
595:
569:
563:
554:(and 20,000 at
547:
525:
519:
511:
488:
485:
479:
456:
455:
389:
379:
318:
308:of the country
266:satellite camps
215:Polish Republic
205:occupied Poland
195:
148:Occupied Poland
107:Generalplan Ost
88:
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71:
64:
55:
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53:
46:
37:
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12:
11:
5:
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2954:
2923:
2893:
2887:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2858:
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2829:
2792:
2766:
2757:Virtual Shtetl
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2233:Edward Kopówka
2225:
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2192:Tygodnik Krąg.
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2020:
1994:
1963:
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1890:
1871:
1867:978-1906033729
1855:Jonathan House
1843:
1831:
1827:Pamięć Miejsca
1791:
1764:
1733:
1706:Ulrich Herbert
1697:
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1644:
1618:
1590:
1556:
1531:
1517:Czesław Łuczak
1475:
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1469:
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1452:
1447:
1442:
1435:
1432:
1369:KZ Flossenbürg
1340:
1337:
1316:
1313:
1296:United Nations
1292:wartime allies
1275:
1272:
1260:district camps
1226:Main article:
1223:
1220:
1219:
1218:
1209:
1202:
1195:
1189:
1183:
1177:
1099:
1096:
1072:Siegfried Line
1051:Arbeitseinsatz
1015:General Motors
905:
902:
775:
772:
748:
747:
744:
743:
729:
728:
718:
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509:
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476:
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472:
469:
466:
461:
458:
457:
451:
450:
393:Final Solution
387:Final Solution
378:
375:
364:Jews from all
317:
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209:were built by
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2989:0-8419-0832-X
2985:
2980:
2979:
2973:
2972:Hilberg, Raul
2969:
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2898:
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2888:0-434-01227-0
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2498:9788299558815
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2364:0-906336-01-5
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2289:
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2271:
2264:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2249:
2245:
2244:The Holocaust
2242:
2239:. Chapter 2:
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2234:
2229:
2226:
2213:
2209:
2203:
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2013:
2009:
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1995:
1982:
1978:
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1967:
1964:
1958:
1952:
1937:
1930:
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1923:
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1911:
1910:1-58648-303-X
1907:
1903:
1899:
1898:Data sources:
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1615:on 2011-06-22
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1398:
1394:
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1386:
1385:KZ Neuengamme
1382:
1378:
1377:KZ Mauthausen
1374:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1354:
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1252:Stalag VIII-B
1249:
1248:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1229:
1221:
1216:
1213:
1212:Volksdeutsche
1210:
1207:
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1196:
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1190:
1187:
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1037:
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1030:
1029:Deutsche Bank
1026:
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1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
987:Messerschmitt
984:
980:
976:
972:
968:
964:
960:
956:
952:
948:
947:Eastern Front
944:
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930:
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919:
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910:
903:
901:
899:
895:
891:
887:
883:
879:
875:
871:
867:
863:
859:
855:
851:
847:
846:
841:
837:
833:
829:
824:
823:documentary.
822:
821:
816:
815:
810:
806:
802:
798:
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2636:KL Auschwitz
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2609:the original
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1513:Translation:
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1498:
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1301:
1294:of the then-
1256:Stalag XXI-D
1245:
1231:
1215:Mittelstelle
1214:
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1198:
1191:
1185:
1179:
1173:Arbeitslager
1171:
1150:
1146:Arbeitslager
1145:
1136:evacuation.
1127:
1110:Arbeitslager
1109:
1107:
1088:Ostindustrie
1061:
1055:
1049:
1043:
1033:
1022:
1019:nationalized
1011:Adam Opel AG
1002:
971:Daimler-Benz
940:
894:Mińsk Ghetto
885:
874:Starachowice
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756:Soviet Union
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366:Nazi ghettos
350:
333:
326:Nazi Germany
319:
306:eastern half
294:
246:slave labour
239:
226:
202:
200:
103:Slave labour
15:
2850:29 February
2443:Roger Cohen
2338:|work=
1936:"Treblinka"
1782:|work=
1655:. JewishGen
1587:(in Polish)
1525:Polish Jews
1523:(including
1428:controversy
1389:Ravensbrück
1373:Gross-Rosen
1333:Łambinowice
1274:The victims
1238:Stalag XX-A
1142:50 subcamps
1134:death march
1130:Gross-Rosen
1124:population.
997:, and even
850:Polish Jews
836:Aussenlager
830:located in
820:Inheritance
764:Treblinka I
686:Łódź Ghetto
398:near Moscow
298:Polish Jews
278:40 subcamps
164:Polish Jews
3005:Categories
2863:References
2785:August 12,
2703:Polenlager
2471:2008-07-17
2458:2008-05-20
2440:See also:
2294:2008-05-20
2281:See also:
2276:2008-05-20
2101:1938908430
1942:2012-05-03
1884:, p.
1857:, (1995).
1806:2015-05-20
1726:January 6,
1631:"Stutthof"
1505:9 February
1381:Natzweiler
1361:Buchenwald
1286:", by the
1159:) such as
1152:Polenlager
1140:ran about
1114:Buchenwald
1102:See also:
1084:V-2 rocket
1054:, such as
999:Volkswagen
943:Blitzkrieg
927:See also:
886:Arbeitsamt
845:Wartheland
842:from Nazi
807:, and the
778:See also:
742:, 1942–43
727:research.
403:Lebensraum
381:See also:
111:Lebensraum
2903:April 10,
2580:1428-5363
2340:ignored (
2330:cite book
2256:805264789
2218:April 19,
2077:April 29,
1924:, p. 383.
1869:, p. 343.
1784:ignored (
1774:cite book
1401:Mittelbau
1365:KZ Dachau
1197:The term
1165:Gorzyczki
1138:Auschwitz
1024:Heuaktion
1003:Fordwerke
967:Blaupunkt
959:IG Farben
922:Auschwitz
914:IG Farben
862:Poniatowa
832:Rogoźnica
805:Działdowo
529:Treblinka
286:Bydgoszcz
264:) had 48
227:(see map)
211:the Nazis
154:Prisoners
131:Operation
109:, making
2974:(1985).
2961:Archived
2944:cite web
2934:March 9,
2913:cite web
2873:(2004).
2507:47755822
2004:(1985),
1951:cite web
1815:cite web
1579:Oświęcim
1567:Archived
1434:See also
1397:Stutthof
1321:Red Army
1157:see list
979:Henschel
918:Monowitz
888:, as in
878:Trawniki
858:Janowska
817:and the
703:Majdanek
503:Oświęcim
316:Overview
144:Location
105:for the
99:Birkenau
2695:May 11,
2672:May 14,
2387:7154135
1983:: 39–46
1691:Source:
1450:Łapanka
1347:of the
1262:. Many
1161:Gorzyce
1060:(DWB),
1040:SS-WVHA
995:Siemens
991:Philips
983:Junkers
951:Thyssen
890:Siedlce
664:Chełmno
618:Sobibor
552:Camp II
219:annexed
91:Płaszów
2986:
2885:
2822:19 May
2732:29 May
2642:22 May
2615:20 May
2585:20 May
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2043:19 May
2014:
1987:19 May
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1684:15 May
1659:15 May
1637:17 May
1583:Poland
1549:15 May
1412:loaded
1335:camp.
1298:, 1942
1204:Polen
1009:) and
935:, and
892:, the
882:Zasław
854:Budzyń
790:Gdańsk
715:Lublin
643:Lublin
586:Bełżec
573:Belzec
556:Camp I
543:Warsaw
512:
507:Kraków
418:. The
282:Elbląg
256:. The
252:, the
136:Period
95:Kraków
2248:Note:
2117:(PDF)
1471:Notes
1422:over
1420:Nazis
1268:Grądy
1234:Toruń
975:Demag
963:Bosch
955:Krupp
898:Krupp
870:HASAG
788:near
588:near
505:near
290:Toruń
159:Total
93:near
2984:ISBN
2950:link
2936:2004
2919:link
2905:2004
2883:ISBN
2852:2016
2824:2015
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2787:2015
2734:2015
2697:2012
2674:2012
2644:2015
2617:2015
2587:2015
2576:ISSN
2528:ISBN
2503:OCLC
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2360:ISBN
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2316:ISBN
2252:OCLC
2220:2013
2169:2015
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