German cruiser Admiral Hipper

2857: 926: 33: 1155: 5515: 2045: 748: 1620: 5455: 56: 2487: 3089: 1348:. The plan was to attack the British base at Harstadt in the morning of 9 June, but shortly after midnight of 8 June the plan was changed: a reconnaissance plane reported no ships in Harstadt and since the German ships also detected highly increased convoy radio transmissions, Marschall deduced that the British were evacuating Harstadt. Instead of raiding Harstadt, Marschall decided to operate against the evacuation convoy. While in search of the convoy, the German force first encountered the tanker 2167: 1897: 8037: 8020: 8032: 8012: 1445: 589: 1746:. She shadowed the convoy during the night with her radar with the intention of attacking at dawn. During the night a large escort was visually detected and unsuccessfully attacked with three torpedoes. Convoy WS 5A was not a regular merchant convoy, but rather a heavily guarded troopship convoy consisting of twenty ships. Five of the twenty ships were allocated to 730:

included an aircraft hangar for one aircraft. During building, the requirements were changed and an aircraft hangar was constructed for two floatplanes that could be stored side by side. The wider aircraft hangar forced the rearrangement of the middle pair of 10.5 cm guns from the superstructure deck

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were transferred further north from Narvik to the Altafjord. Because the Allies could not provide sufficient escorts for the next Arctic convoy PQ-19, they decided to cancel the convoy and instead on 29 October thirteen freighters sailed independently from Iceland to the USSR. From the USSR 23 empty

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was 70 to 80 mm (2.8 to 3.1 in) thick; her upper deck was 12 to 30 mm (0.47 to 1.18 in) thick while the main armored deck was 20 to 50 mm (0.79 to 1.97 in) thick. The main battery turrets had 105 mm (4.1 in) thick faces and 70 mm thick sides. The heaviest

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and had a beam of 21.3 m (70 ft) and a maximum draft of 7.2 m (24 ft). After the installation of a clipper bow during fitting out, her overall length increased to 205.9 meters (676 ft). The ship had a design displacement of 16,170 t (15,910 long tons; 17,820 short tons)

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By the end of 1944, the ship was due for another overhaul; work was to have lasted for three months. The Soviet Army had advanced so far, however, that it was necessary to move the ship farther away from the front, despite the fact that she had only one working turbine. On 29 January 1945, the ship

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left the Altafjord to return to Germany. The three ships stopped in Narvik on 25 January, and in Trondheim from 30 January to 2 February. After resuming the voyage south, the ships searched for Norwegian blockade runners in the Skagerrak on 6 February before putting into port at Kiel on 8 February.

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on North Atlantic raids, and as her operations so far had been dominated by the constant need to refuel, it was decided to increase her fuel capacity from 3050 to 3700 cubic meters. The aircraft hangar was also adapted at this time; the large hangar for two floatplanes with folding wings had proven

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radar picked up the unescorted convoy SLS 64, which contained nineteen merchant ships. The following morning, posing as a British cruiser, she approached the convoy to close distance before opening fire at 06:19. The surprised ships dispersed at once. At the start of the fight Meisel remained three

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or "Autumn Journey", with the aim of luring the British Home Fleet away from the intended invasion routes in the English Channel. Following the postponement of that operation, on 24 September the ship left Wilhelmshaven on a mission to break out into the Atlantic Ocean to raid merchant traffic. The

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forward and aft. Her anti-aircraft battery consisted of twelve 10.5 cm (4.1 in) L/65 guns, twelve 3.7 cm (1.5 in) guns, and eight 2 cm (0.79 in) guns. She had four triple 53.3 cm (21.0 in) torpedo launchers, all on the main deck next to the four range finders

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responded with two salvoes from the rear turrets. The two remaining Arado seaplanes were flown off to scout and check for suitable places for airplane and seaplane bases. One of the airplanes also attacked a coastal battery with bombs. The cruiser entered the harbor and anchored at 05:25 to debark

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fired all of her twelve torpedoes and claimed all torpedoes had hit. At 07:18 only six ships were still in sight, of which only two were steaming. Meisel decided to break off the fight and depart before British forces closed in. The British reported only seven ships lost, totaling 32,806 GRT

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was hit three times. One of the hits damaged the ship's propulsion system; the No. 3 boiler filled with a mix of oil and water, which forced the crew to turn off the starboard turbine engine. This reduced her speed to 23 knots (43 km/h; 26 mph). The other two hits started a fire in her

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embarked on her second Atlantic sortie, with orders to operate on the convoy lanes between the United Kingdom and West-Africa. The ship was allowed to operate against both lightly escorted convoys and independent sailing vessels, with the hope that her appearance in these waters would draw away

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coil was fitted to the ship's hull during this overhaul. By March, the ship was again fully operational. By then, however, the strategic situation had altered completely: due to British air reconnaissance and developments in radar it was no longer viable to execute raids in the North Atlantic.

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in September 1939, the ship was still conducting gunnery trials. She was briefly used to patrol the Baltic, but she did not see combat, and was quickly returned to training exercises. In November 1939, the ship returned to the Blohm & Voss dockyard for modifications; these included the

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during Operation Sportpalast, Hitler explicitly forbade to launch the next stage of operation Rösselsprung, the actual attack on the convoy, as long as the aircraft carrier was not disabled by the Luftwaffe. Swedish intelligence had meanwhile reported the German departures to the

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was given orders to make the breakthrough via the Denmark Strait before 28 March. She managed to do so on 24 March. and two days later stopped to refuel in Bergen. By 28 March, the cruiser was docked in Kiel, having made the entire journey without being detected by the British.

2458:, which ordered the convoy to disperse in the evening of 4 July. In the morning of 5 July the Germans became aware that the escorts were withdrawing and the merchants were continuing independently. The second stage of Operation Rösselsprung was initiated at 11:37 and 1886:

these were unsuccessful. On the night of 10 January there was a smaller attack with twelve Whitleys, followed two nights later by an attack with 26 Wellingtons and Hampdens, but none of these caused any serious damage. The British failed to detect the departure of

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successfully passed herself off as a British warship long enough to get past the Norwegian coastal artillery batteries. After the ships forced the most narrow part of the fjord between 04:04 and 04:14, one Norwegian battery belatedly opened fire but to no effect.

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was severely damaged by three bomb hits. Munitions for her heavy artillery were brought aboard with the idea to operate her as a floating battery, but her crew scuttled the wrecked ship at her moorings at 04:25 on 3 May. In July 1945, after the end of the war,

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Based on the order issued at the outset of the operation to avoid action with a force equal in strength to his own, poor visibility, and the damage to his flagship, Kummetz decided to abort the attack. In the course of the battle, the British destroyer

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was again engaged by Burnett's cruisers. Owing to the uncertainty over the condition of his flagship and the ferocity of the British defense, Kummetz issued the following order at 10:37: "Break off action and retire to the west." Mistakenly identifying

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s fuel stocks were running low. Meisel feared that approaching British forces would cut him off from tankers waiting in the Azores and therefore returned to Brest on 15 February. Since the bigger dry docks had to be kept free for the eventual return of

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was docked in a smaller one, and while moving into it, damaged her starboard screw on uncharted wreckage. A spare screw had to be transported from Kiel, causing additional delay. Meanwhile, British bombers were regularly attacking the port, and the

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motionless for several hours on the open sea. British reconnaissance failed to locate the ship, and after the fire was extinguished, the ship returned to Hamburg's Blohm & Voss shipyard, where repairs lasted slightly over a week.

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by twelve bombers. By evening the weather had deteriorated and several of the destroyers were unable to maintain the high ( 27 knots ) speed and remained behind the main force. On 8 April at 09:15 one of the trailing destroyers, the

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to five km distant from the ships, but once ammunition began running low he gave the order to close in, in order to fire more accurately. After ships were hit with cannon fire and stopped, they were finished off with torpedoes.

783:. Her keel was laid on 6 July 1935, under construction number 501. The ship was launched on 6 February 1937, and was completed on 29 April 1939, the day she was commissioned into the German fleet. The Commander-in-Chief of the 1697:

encountered a few independent sailing vessels but as his orders were to attack only convoys, Meisel did not attack and remained undetected. In deteriorating weather, the convoy was not found. Between refueling twice from the

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suffered storm damage in December that prevented the participation of the two ships. Repairs were effected quickly, however, and the two battleships embarked upon a second attempt at the end of January. On 1 February 1941,

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searched for the convoys SC 15 and HX 95 but again nothing was found because of bad weather. Finally Meisel decided to leave the North Atlantic convoy lanes and operate on the shipping lanes between the United Kingdom and

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with one bomb which failed to penetrate the armor deck but caused six deaths amongst the crew. In the night of 9 April the RAF attacked the port with 591 heavy bombers. The bombers hit several ships in the harbor:

1808:, before spotting other ships steaming toward her. Believing these ships to be destroyers preparing for a torpedo attack, she quickly withdrew, using her main guns to keep the escorts at bay. Ten minutes later, 1545:; the cruise lasted until 9 August. The Arado seaplanes could find a few ships, but these were all neutrals. No British ships were found. On 31 July one of the Arados was lost in an accident. The next day, 1212:

the mountain troops. A German tanker which was scheduled to refuel Group 2 at Trondheim failed to show up, and the ships had to remain in harbor because of fuel shortage. On 10 April an Arado seaplane from

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difficult to handle in operations, and was replaced by a smaller hangar for just one floatplane, the spare room being taken up by refueling gear and extra food storage. After completion of the refit,

2843:, raining shell splinters on the destroyer that severed steam lines and reduced her speed to 15 knots (28 km/h; 17 mph). Kummetz then turned back north to draw the destroyers away. Captain 1467:

left Trondheim with the four destroyers in a second attempt to attack evacuating convoys but they returned to Trondheim the next day, having failed to locate any British vessels. On 13 June, fifteen

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conducted sea trials in the Baltic before putting into Gotenhafen on 21 December for some minor work. In January 1942, the ship had her steam turbines overhauled at the Blohm & Voss shipyard; a

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s armored belt on the starboard side, as well as the ship's starboard torpedo launcher. Minor flooding caused a four degree list to starboard, though the ship was able to continue with the mission.

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executed gunnery and sea training in the Baltic. In September she was reported conditionally operational and on 27 October the cadets graduated. In November there were plans drafted to use her for

1715:, where the B-Dienst had reported the convoys SL 58 and SLS 58. An Arado floatplane was launched to search for the convoys, but the plane went missing and nothing was found. On 23 December the 857:

Sea trials in the Baltic resumed in January 1940, but severe ice restrained the ship to port. On 17 February, the Kriegsmarine pronounced the ship fully operational, and on the following day,

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engine oil feed system caught fire and was severely damaged. The fire forced the crew to shut down the ship's propulsion system until the blaze could be brought under control; this rendered

2980:, though the British cruiser escaped unscathed. Burnett quickly decided to withdraw in the face of superior German firepower; his ships were armed with 6 in (150 mm) guns, while 2106:

should return to Germany, where she could be better protected. On 15 March, the ship slipped out of Brest, unobserved, and steered to a rendezvous point South of Greenland with the tanker

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closed to within 3 nmi (5.6 km; 3.5 mi) of the convoy, but due to poor visibility, she held her fire. She then received Kummetz's order, and turned west to rendezvous with

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on 25 December. Another round of routine maintenance work was effected while the ship was in Brest, readying her for another sortie into the Atlantic shipping lanes. On 4 January

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armor with 150 mm (5.9 in) thickness was applied to the vertical surfaces of the conning tower, while the horizontal surfaces were limited to 50 mm (2.0 in).

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aircraft hangar. She fired a single salvo at the cruisers before turning toward them, her escorting destroyers screening her with smoke. After emerging from the smoke screen,

2001:, Meisel understood that the convoys between the UK, Gibraltar and West Africa were left uncovered with heavy units and he decided to operate closer to Gibraltar, where 1555:, which was found to be carrying 1.75 t (1.72 long tons; 1.93 short tons) of gold. The ship was seized and sent to occupied Norway with a prize crew. On 5 August 3142:, but as the Soviet army pushed the Germans back on the Eastern Front, her crew was drafted into construction work on the defenses of the city, further impairing 6058: 1177:

launched an Arado seaplane in the direction of Trondheim. The Arado reported no activity in the approaches to Trondheim and then made an emergency landing in

439:. She was armed with a main battery of eight 20.3 cm (8 in) guns and, although nominally under the 10,000-long-ton (10,160 t) limit set by the 2600:

also arrived in Altafjord on 11 September, but then the operation was once more cancelled because Hitler did not want to risk losses to the surface fleet.

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went unnoticed. The Germans aborted the operation and left the merchants over to the U-boats and the Luftwaffe, which sank 21 of the 34 fleeing transports.

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s port bow; the German cruiser fired several salvos from her rear turrets and scored hits on the British cruiser's rear turrets, waterline, and forward

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The goal of the operation was to funnel merchant traffic further south, closer to the reach of German naval units in Norway. After her return to port,

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left Altafjord together with the German fleet. During the evening it became clear that they had been detected and reported by the British submarine

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with Great Britain, which provided a legal basis for German naval rearmament; the treaty specified that Germany would be able to build five 10,000-

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into the North Atlantic. During a gale on the night of 6 December, she navigated the Denmark Strait undetected. After a refueling by the tanker

8061: 7787: 6025: 5789: 1323: 1154: 964: 5417: 5400: 5374: 5314: 5292: 5254: 5235: 5197: 5174: 5132: 5113: 5091: 5072: 3041:, and forced the Germans to abandon the attack on the convoy. In the aftermath of the failed operation, a furious Hitler proclaimed that the 1311: 892: 2041:

had sunk thirteen of the nineteen freighters totalling 79,000 GRT, while some survivors reported fourteen ships of the convoy had been sunk.

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s boilers exploded shortly after the collision, causing her to sink quickly. Forty survivors were picked up by the German ship. At 11:14

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and the remaining three destroyers would then attack the undefended convoy from the south. At 09:15 on the 31st, the British destroyer

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was returned to Germany and decommissioned for repairs. The ship was never restored to operational status, however, and on 3 May 1945,

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and detected by U-boats. The next day, the first stage of Operation Rösselsprung was set in motion when German forces concentrated in

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captured the Arado, which was painted in Norwegian colors and used by the Norwegians until 18 April when it was evacuated to Britain.

958: 6051: 5578: 5352: 5333: 5273: 5216: 5151: 5053: 5030: 5011: 4992: 886: 1799: 1021:, which were assigned to cover Groups 1 and 2. The ships steamed out of the roadstead at midnight on the night of 6–7 April, 1940. 625: 2379:

in order to avoid British reconnaissance, the German fleet did not steer into open waters but remained close to the coast. In fog

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brought orders from Lütjens to attempt a breakout and return to Germany together with the two battleships on the following night.

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was also returning from a raid to Germany around the same time, there was concern that the two ships might hinder each other, so

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and the four destroyers returned to Trondheim to cover and protect the German forces there, whilst the battleships refueled from

1188: 3055:, Raeder's successor, persuaded Hitler to retain the surface fleet, however. After returning to Altafjord, emergency repairs to 2260:

and had depleted the already very low German fuel stocks. As a result, operations above destroyer level were impossible and the

747: 8066: 8040: 8036: 5983: 5535: 5529: 5499: 3179:, which was also carrying refugees. The cruiser did not stop to pick up survivors due to the threat of the submarine that sank 1109:

broke off the rescue operation and set course toward Trondheim with her four destroyers, whilst Group 1 set course for Narvik.

952: 739:. In 1941 the aircraft hangar was reduced with place for just one Arado and in total only two Arado floatplanes were carried. 7160: 7057: 6073: 1317: 1893:

from Brest on 1 February and continued the attacks. On 4 February a Wellington wrongly claimed a hit on a cruiser in Brest.

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was assigned to the forces tasked with the invasion of Norway, codenamed Operation Weserübung. The ship was assigned as the

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s starboard bow before a rudder malfunction set the ship on a collision course with the German cruiser. The collision with

6537: 6228: 6222: 6216: 6210: 6204: 6198: 6192: 6186: 6180: 6174: 6168: 6084: 2735: 2113: 1619: 871: 7705: 7653: 7208: 7202: 7076: 7070: 6531: 6525: 6519: 6513: 6507: 6162: 6156: 6150: 6144: 6138: 6132: 6044: 5440: 2827:; the Germans opened fire first. Four of the other five destroyers escorting the convoy rushed to join the fight, while 603: 583: 440: 377: 146: 6126: 5711: 5604: 2486: 1975: 1875: 877: 2800:. The force left Altafjord at 18:00 on 30 December, under orders to avoid confrontation with even an equal opponent. 1187:

in open sea. After trying to purchase fuel from locals, the aircrew were detained and handed over to the police. The

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attempted to flee, but when it became apparent she could not break away from the pursuing cruiser, she turned toward

809:, gave the christening speech and his wife Erika Raeder performed the christening. As built, the ship had a straight 478:

to operate against Allied merchant shipping. This operation ended without significant success, but in February 1941,

3088: 8023: 8019: 8015: 8011: 8007: 6471: 6090: 5700: 5485: 5362: 2847:, the British escort commander, left two destroyers to cover the convoy while he took the remaining four to pursue 2241: 2229: 1847: 1171:, and signal intelligence indicated enemy ships were operating nearby. In order to clarify the situation, at 17:50 2738:, to use the available surface units in Norway to launch an attack on the convoys. The first convoy of the month, 5863: 5858: 5556: 5478: 2729: 2472: 2247: 693: 501: 285: 2407:

struck uncharted rocks at Grimsöy in Vestfjorden and all these ships fell out for the operation. The destroyers

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Instead the German surface fleet concentrated in Norway as a deterrent against an Allied invasion and to attack

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with a dud bomb and lost eight of their number to fighters and anti-aircraft guns. The anti-aircraft gunners of

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Despite launching their Ar 196 reconnaissance planes, the German ships failed to find the convoy, and at 13:00,

7896: 7797: 5991: 3238: 3047:'s surface forces would be paid off and dismantled, and their guns used to reinforce the fortifications of the 2555:

were under repair and remained in Narvik. On their way, the ships were first detected by the British submarine

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s starboard side and achieved complete surprise. In the initial series of salvos from the British cruisers,

2211: 2205: 2199: 920: 907:, was forced to turn back after sustaining damage from ice. The ships operated under the command of Admiral 464: 911:. The ships attempted to locate British merchant shipping, but failed and returned to port on 20 February. 7938: 7824: 7749: 7741: 7732: 7711: 7665: 7659: 7615: 7609: 7292: 7286: 7280: 7274: 7268: 7262: 7256: 7250: 7244: 7238: 7232: 7226: 7220: 7214: 7118: 7112: 7106: 7100: 7094: 7088: 7082: 6645: 6639: 6633: 6627: 6621: 6615: 6609: 6603: 6597: 6591: 6585: 6579: 6573: 6567: 6561: 6555: 6549: 6543: 6447: 6264: 6258: 6252: 6246: 6240: 6234: 5597: 2747: 2528: 2508: 2503:, the Royal Navy was not able to provide sufficient escorts for the next Arctic convoy and the sailing of 2430: 2322: 2269:

In July fuel stocks were sufficient to allow operations again and the Germans intended to attack the next

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was heavily damaged by a torpedo hit and both German battleships returned to Trondheim on 9 June as well.

841:

to conduct training maneuvers. The ship also made port calls to various Baltic ports, including cities in

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was detected by British air reconnaissance in Brest. The same night a major air raid was mounted with 53

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to the upper deck, which restricted their arc of fire towards the rear. The ship was equipped with three

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went into drydock where it was discovered the ship had been damaged more severely by the collision with

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was delayed until September. The convoy was located on 8 September and on 10 September the Germans set

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shipyard for an extensive overhaul, which lasted seven months. Raeder intended to continue to send the

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to cover both landings. The British destroyer had survived long enough to send a wireless message to

621: 571: 2216:. Several British submarines were patrolling the area, but failed to intercept the German flotilla. 8071: 7835: 6426: 5943: 5896: 5870: 5850: 5810: 5719: 3275: 3174: 2873: 2717: 517: 164: 7987: 7931: 7913: 7885: 7878: 6464: 3155:

also laid an extensive minefield around the port, which forced the ship to remain in the harbor.

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on 23 February and returned to Germany for repairs on 16 May. At the same time the heavy cruiser

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than had previously been thought. Nevertheless, repairs were completed in the span of two weeks.

1048: 864: 468: 20: 6036: 2884:, standing by in distant support of the Allied convoy, raced to the scene. The cruisers engaged 979:

Heye was given command of Group 2 during the operation. The five ships carried a total of 1,700

822: 1984:

patrolled off the Azores but no ships were found. She was refueled several times by the tanker

570:. She was ultimately broken up for scrap in 1948–1952; her bell is currently on display at the 7945: 7042: 6395: 5773: 5396: 5370: 5348: 5329: 5310: 5288: 5269: 5250: 5231: 5212: 5193: 5170: 5147: 5128: 5109: 5087: 5068: 5049: 5026: 5007: 4988: 3010: 2844: 2828: 2655:

ships also tried to return independently to Iceland. Against this traffic the Germans started

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then disengaged, to prevent the 'British destroyers' from closing to launch a torpedo attack.

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The overhaul in Wilhelmshaven was completed on 9 September and with a new commanding officer,

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and fired a spread of torpedoes, all of which missed. The British destroyer scored one hit on

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and her escorts reached their destination on 21 March. There, they joined the heavy cruisers

1780:

were part of the convoy, but not operational as they were transferring crated aircraft. When

1230:. The two ships first steamed Northwest to clear the Norwegian coast. On 11 April, at 02:50, 646:

s were nominally within the 10,000-ton limit, though they significantly exceeded the figure.

7803: 7630: 5878: 5834: 5826: 5759: 5642: 5302: 3016: 2879: 2562: 1769: 1751: 1747: 1498:

shot down one of the attacking British bombers. In order to cover the return of the damaged

1430: 1424: 1414: 1168: 854:

replacement of the straight stem with a clipper bow and the installation of the funnel cap.

802: 524: 428: 421: 417:

entered service shortly before the outbreak of war, in April 1939. The ship was named after

85: 1896: 831:

was given command of the ship at her commissioning. After her commissioning in April 1939,

681:(98,000 kW). Her standard complement consisted of 42 officers and 1,340 enlisted men. 5929: 5915: 5887: 5715: 5707: 5674: 5634: 3152: 2961:, and after identifying them as hostile, engaged them. The British cruisers turned toward 2604: 1843: 1775: 1743: 1523: 1334:

were tasked with the operation. The ships departed from Kiel on 4 June. Three days later,

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as a friendly vessel, which allowed the German ship to close the distance and fire first.

617: 551: 436: 291: 5101: 2702:. On 7 November, the cruiser's Arado floatplane located the 7,925 GRT Soviet tanker 1236:

returned to Trondheim due to bad weather and lack of fuel. This same bad weather allowed

776: 404: 95: 2112:. The refueling was delayed to 21 March because of bad weather. Since the heavy cruiser 7860: 7035: 7028: 6477: 6433: 3052: 2869: 2166: 2155: 2131: 1995: 1822: 1674: 1588: 1468: 1283: 1024:

Between 14:25 and 14:48 on 7 April, the ships were unsuccessfully attacked West of the

792: 637: 541: 489: 475: 297: 192: 3061:

were effected, which allowed her to return to Bogen Bay on 23 January 1943. That day,

8055: 7643: 6453: 6401: 5922: 5818: 5752: 5745: 5188:

Hitler's Arctic War: the German campaigns in Norway, Finland, and the USSR, 1940–1945

5186: 3196: 3048: 2743: 2739: 2734:

In December 1942, convoy traffic to the Soviet Union resumed. Raeder ordered a plan,

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received orders to return immediately to Germany. The cruiser first replenished from

1035:, signaled that it had engaged a British destroyer, and at 09:22 Lütjens ordered the 1002: 828: 666: 610: 537: 425: 384: 237: 1444: 7902: 7720: 7636: 7049: 5936: 5738: 5666: 5460: 2992:

carried 20.3 cm (8.0 in) and 28 cm (11 in) guns, respectively.

2575: 2504: 2465: 2270: 2253: 2058: 2010: 1904: 1654: 1417: 850: 849:. In August, the ship conducted live fire drills in the Baltic. At the outbreak of 798: 732: 717: 655: 533: 497: 400: 394: 388: 309: 303: 61: 3237:

and subsequently broken up for scrap in 1948–1952. Her bell was on display at the

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in the Baltic, to put her out of the reach of Allied bombers. On 1 March 1944 the

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on 12 December, Meisel started searching for the convoy HX 94, which according to

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and three destroyers north of the convoy to attack it and draw away the escorts.

7977: 7955: 7776: 7765: 6419: 5957: 5842: 5766: 5520: 5409: 5347:(in Norwegian). Hundvåg: Sjømilitære Samfund ved Norsk Tidsskrift for Sjøvesen. 3201:

shipyard for refitting. On 3 April, RAF bombers attacked the harbor and hit the

3080:

On 28 February, the ship was decommissioned in accordance with Hitler's decree.

3007: 2688: 2386: 1763: 1712: 1538: 1353: 1261: 1151:, though the German battleships used their superior speed to break off contact. 1126: 810: 806: 757: 674: 329: 256: 3278:. The length of 60 caliber gun is 60 times greater than it is wide in diameter. 2633:

was transferred to Bogen Bay near Narvik for repairs to her propulsion system.

1005:, where they joined Group 1, consisting of ten destroyers, and the battleships 484:

sortied again, sinking several merchant vessels before eventually returning to

7062: 6489: 6440: 5950: 5658: 5650: 3234: 3129: 2607:, the cruiser laid a minefield on 24–28 September off the north-west coast of 2150: 1750:. The convoy was protected by a powerful escort composed of the heavy cruiser 1516:

left Trondheim on 20 June for a raid towards the Iceland-Faeroes passage, but

1130: 868: 838: 697: 678: 614: 567: 455:

saw a significant amount of action during the war, notably present during the

335: 323: 219: 1663:

on 1 December. The German cruiser then proceeded towards a position South of

7758: 5976: 5046:

Arctic, Atlantic, Baltic: The Operations of the Heavy Cruiser Admiral Hipper

3242: 2512: 2282: 2006: 1664: 1025: 998: 987: 980: 883: 701: 460: 373: 243: 178: 5307:

Chronology of the War at Sea, 1939–1945: The Naval History of World War Two

3159:

left Gotenhafen with 1,377 refugees embarked, escorted by the torpedo boat

1858:

encountered and sank the independent sailing 6,078 GRT passenger ship

1542: 5042:

Eismeer Atlantik Ostsee. Die Einsätze des Schweren Kreuzers Admiral Hipper

3185:; it would instead become one of the worst maritime disasters in history. 2756:. Raeder ordered the forces assigned to Operation Regenbogen into action. 1643:

The ship made a second attempt to break out into the Atlantic, designated

2278: 1859: 1686: 1636: 995: 991: 948: 935: 669:, which were supplied with steam by twelve ultra-high pressure oil-fired 629: 563: 559: 223: 172: 5108:. Vol. I: Major Surface Vessels. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. 3114:

received only basic repairs so that in April the ship could be towed to

1657:, left Germany for Bergen in Norway, where she refueled from the tanker 1448:

six Blackburn Skuas from 800 Naval Air Squadron lined up on the deck of

6010: 5209:

The Bomber Command War Diaries. An operational reference book 1939-1945

3245:. The bell has since been returned to Germany and is on display at the 1991: 1735: 1289: 1122: 842: 814: 780: 516:, but was in turn damaged and forced to withdraw by the light cruisers 485: 418: 408: 152: 99: 2716:

to sink the two Soviet ships. On 9 November the ships are back in the

1962:

British forces guarding the Denmark Strait, thus making it easier for

544:

was able to persuade Hitler to retain the surface fleet. As a result,

6483: 5722: 3115: 3102: 2376: 2002: 1722: 898: 846: 670: 493: 2742:, passed to the Soviet Union without incident. However, the second, 2580:

sighted the German fleet but were unable to attack. The destroyers

2246:

transferred from Germany to Norway. In begin March, the battleship

532:

Disappointed by the failure to sink merchant ships in that battle,

3125: 3087: 2855: 2485: 2165: 2043: 1895: 1618: 1443: 1153: 924: 746: 659:

and a full load displacement of 18,200 long tons (18,500 t).

633: 587: 467:; while en route to her objective, she sank the British destroyer 168: 3637: 3635: 2331:

left Trondheim for Altafjord, followed on 3 July by the cruisers

1794:

failed, but with her main guns she badly damaged the 13,994

3250: 3098: 2234:, though the latter had been torpedoed by the British submarine 2019:

encountered and sank the straggling 1,236 GRT English ship

1883: 1786:

attacked in the morning, she was surprised to make contact with

1604:

s role would have been a diversionary foray into the North Sea,

1178: 613:

was ordered in the context of German naval rearmament after the

555: 6040: 5593: 5413: 5345:

Jageren Sleipner i Romsdalsfjord sjøforsvarsdistrikt april 1940

3124:

was recommissioned in her damaged state as a training ship for

1673:

whilst waiting for convenient bad weather to break through the

1254:

at 08:00 on 12 April, and they reached Wilhelmshaven at 22:00,

2803:

Kummetz's plan was to divide his force in half; he would take

2515:

from where they would launch their attack against the convoy.

5589: 2762:, again served as Kummetz's flagship; the squadron comprised 1537:

steamed out on a commerce raiding patrol in the area between

2561:. and then unsuccessfully attacked by the British submarine 2285:

from where they could sortie against the convoy. On 2 July,

2511:

in motion: all available surface units were ordered to the

1194:

When steaming at maximum speed through the long and narrow

1994:

had sortied from Gibraltar deep into the Mediterranean to

1242:

to take a short, direct route to Germany. The ship joined

5084:

Battleships: Axis and Neutral Battleships in World War II

1486:

to attack the German ships at Trondheim. The bombers hit

4891: 4889: 4887: 4823: 4821: 4819: 4451: 4449: 4301: 4299: 4094: 4092: 4090: 4088: 4086: 4084: 4082: 4080: 4078: 3938: 3936: 3934: 3932: 3930: 3928: 3926: 3924: 3668: 3666: 3664: 3662: 3550: 3548: 3546: 3544: 3542: 3540: 3538: 3450: 3448: 5169:] (in German). Bonn: Bernard & Graefe Verlag. 3423: 3421: 1352:

at 06:45 on 8 June, which was escorted by the trawler

1340:

and the four destroyers refueled from the supply ship

133:

Scuttled, 3 May 1945, raised and scrapped in 1948–1952

4931: 4734: 4732: 4719: 4717: 4715: 4702: 4700: 4627: 4625: 4146: 4134: 3105:; both camouflage netting and bomb damage can be seen 1567:

before heading for the Norwegian coast. On 10 August

1047:

was initially misidentified by the British destroyer

504:

on 31 December 1942, in which she sank the destroyer

4874: 4872: 4516: 4514: 4512: 3171:

received a distress call from the sinking transport

2170:

The convoy PQ-17, target for Operation Rösselsprung.

496:

to participate in operations against convoys to the

7815: 6072: 6003: 5969: 5908: 5801: 5731: 5686: 5627: 5510: 5450: 5065:

Denmark and Norway 1940: Hitler's Boldest Operation

4352: 4350: 4017: 4015: 4013: 4011: 3875: 3873: 3465: 3463: 2035:along with damage to two more. The Germans claimed 1667:, where she refueled several times from the tanker 813:, though after her launch this was replaced with a 435:in 1916 and later commander-in-chief of the German 5185: 5161:Koop, Gerhard & Schmolke, Klaus-Peter (1992). 5082:Garzke, William H. & Dulin, Robert O. (1985). 3384: 3382: 3369: 3367: 3365: 3363: 1528:and both ships returned to Trondheim the same day 4987:(in German). Oldenburg: Gerhard Stalling Verlag. 3274:"L/60" denotes the length of the gun in terms of 2976:s firing was more accurate and quickly straddled 2890:, which had been firing to port at the destroyer 2180:steamed to Trondheim, escorted by the destroyers 1401:and continued the operation. Towards the evening 4810: 3720: 3641: 3590: 2935:approached too closely and was sunk. Meanwhile, 2543:, and arrived on 11 September in the Altafjord. 1413:found a British force consisting of the British 941:Following her return from the North Sea sortie, 566:, and in July 1945, she was raised and towed to 3966: 3481: 3400: 3354: 2967:and came under fire from both German cruisers. 2685:, patrolled for Allied shipping in the Arctic. 326:: 70 to 80 mm (2.8 to 3.1 in) 5184:Mann, Chris & Jörgensen, Christer (2003). 5167:The Heavy Cruisers of the Admiral Hipper Class 5163:Die Schweren Kreuzer der Admiral Hipper-Klasse 5025:(in German). Friedberg: Podzun-Pallas-Verlag. 5023:Die Schweren kreuzer der ADMIRAL HIPPER-Klasse 5006:(in German) (5th ed.). Hamburg: Koehler. 4604: 4556: 4532: 4158: 3315:( 3,924 GRT) were sunk. The English ship 3193:arrived in Kiel on 2 February and entered the 1595:, the planned invasion of the United Kingdom. 1133:headquarters, which allowed the battlecruiser 620:and repudiated the disarmament clauses of the 554:bombers severely damaged her while she was in 6067:Shipwrecks and maritime incidents in May 1945 6052: 5605: 5425: 5125:Armageddon: The Battle for Germany, 1944–1945 2703: 2499:Due to commitments in the Mediterranean with 1930:had initially sought to send the battleships 1846:on 27 December, escorted by the torpedo boat 1838:was running low on fuel, and so she put into 1087:tore off a 40-meter (130 ft) section of 863:began her first major wartime patrol during 536:ordered the majority of the surface warships 8: 5207:Middlebrook, Martin; Everitt, Chris (1996). 3228: 3221: 3209: 3202: 3194: 3188: 3180: 3172: 3166: 3143: 3133: 3119: 3109: 3092: 3074: 3068: 3062: 3056: 3042: 3036: 3030: 3001: 2987: 2981: 2968: 2962: 2948: 2942: 2936: 2930: 2924: 2913: 2906: 2897: 2885: 2848: 2834: 2822: 2810: 2804: 2781: 2775: 2769: 2763: 2757: 2697: 2686: 2680: 2674: 2665:and the 5th Destroyer Flotilla, composed of 2660: 2649: 2643: 2637: 2628: 2587: 2581: 2550: 2544: 2522: 2516: 2490: 2459: 2448: 2414: 2408: 2402: 2396: 2390: 2380: 2338: 2332: 2316: 2304: 2298: 2292: 2286: 2261: 2223: 2217: 2175: 2144: 2137: 2129: 2119: 2107: 2101: 2095: 2088: 2082: 2076: 2066: 2049: 2036: 2029: 2014: 1979: 1969: 1963: 1956: 1949: 1943: 1937: 1931: 1925: 1888: 1865: 1853: 1826: 1813: 1781: 1729: 1716: 1705: 1699: 1692: 1684: 1678: 1668: 1658: 1648: 1623: 1610: 1596: 1568: 1562: 1556: 1546: 1532: 1517: 1511: 1505: 1499: 1493: 1487: 1462: 1456: 1436: 1408: 1402: 1396: 1390: 1380: 1370: 1360: 1341: 1335: 1329: 1305: 1299: 1293: 1265: 1255: 1249: 1243: 1237: 1231: 1225: 1219: 1213: 1206: 1199: 1182: 1172: 1158: 1146: 1140: 1116: 1110: 1104: 1088: 1075: 1069: 1055: 1042: 1041:to investigate. Upon arriving on the scene, 1036: 1012: 1006: 942: 929: 858: 832: 820: 817:bow. A raked funnel cap was also installed. 790: 784: 770: 764: 751: 725: 708: 684: 660: 649: 641: 593: 545: 492:. The ship was then transferred to northern 479: 450: 412: 411:in July 1935 and launched in February 1937; 392: 366: 72: 37: 16:Lead ship of titular class of heavy cruisers 5228:War at Sea: A Naval History of World War II 2821:spotted the three destroyers screening for 1591:, the cruiser made ready to participate in 1522:was torpedoed and damaged by the submarine 1479:took off from the British aircraft carrier 1181:, since the weather was too bad to land at 474:. In December 1940, she broke out into the 332:: 20 to 50 mm (0.79 to 1.97 in) 6059: 6045: 6037: 5612: 5598: 5590: 5432: 5418: 5410: 2422:Escorting the convoy were the battleships 2277:. On 1 July the convoy was located by the 1882:bombers, but due to cloud cover and heavy 5268:. Amsterdam: B. R. Grüner Publishing Co. 5266:Admiral von Hipper: The Inconvenient Hero 2833:laid a smoke screen to cover the convoy. 1385:encountered and sank the empty troopship 3311:(5,172 GRT) and the Norwegian ship 1435:. All three British ships were sunk but 677:(59 km/h; 37 mph), at 132,000 19:For other ships with the same name, see 5309:. Annapolis: US Naval Institute Press. 5285:73 North: The Battle of the Barents Sea 3335: 3267: 3151:s ability to enter active service. The 2065:Following the attack on convoy SLS 64, 1292:in Northern Norway in early June 1940; 1288:Marschall organized a mission to seize 447:over 16,000 long tons (16,260 t). 292:10.5 cm (4.1 in) SK C/33 guns 6026:Hamburg-Steinwerder concentration camp 4895: 4827: 4455: 4404: 4392: 4098: 3942: 3852: 3780: 3672: 3626: 3602: 3554: 3529: 3517: 3505: 3454: 3342: 3323:(4,965 GRT) were heavily damaged. 2708:and its escort, the auxiliary warship 2266:remained in port for the next months. 2252:had been operating against the Arctic 1738:radar, detected Convoy WS 5A some 700 951:of Group 2, along with the destroyers 298:3.7 cm (1.5 in) SK C/30 guns 27: 5328:. Thrupp, Stroud: The History Press. 5230:. New York: Oxford University Press. 4955: 4863: 4691: 4380: 4368: 4341: 4329: 4317: 4305: 4278: 4254: 4230: 4206: 4194: 4182: 4110: 4069: 4057: 4045: 4033: 3990: 3978: 3954: 3864: 3840: 3828: 3804: 3792: 3768: 3756: 3744: 3732: 3708: 3696: 3653: 3439: 3427: 2872:'s Force R, centered on the cruisers 2419:arrived also on 3 July in Altafjord. 2128:Upon arrival, the ship went into the 1742:(1,300 km; 810 mi) west of 1224:left Trondheim at 21:30, escorted by 1139:time to move into position to engage 191:202.8 m (665 ft 4 in) 52: 7: 5395:. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. 5086:. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. 4919: 4907: 3000:was sunk by the damage inflicted by 1804:, and lightly damaged the freighter 665:was powered by three sets of geared 5343:Sivertsen, Svein Carl, ed. (1999). 5048:] (in German). Munchen: Heyne. 4967: 4786: 3493: 3319:(4934 GRT) and the Greek ship 2864:after the battle of the Barents Sea 2712:. Kummetz dispatched the destroyer 2273:with the complete surface fleet in 897:in a sortie into the North Sea off 202:21.3 m (69 ft 11 in) 4943: 4878: 4851: 4839: 4738: 4723: 4706: 4679: 4667: 4655: 4631: 4616: 4544: 4520: 4491: 4467: 4440: 4428: 4356: 4290: 4266: 4242: 4218: 4170: 4122: 4021: 4002: 3915: 3903: 3891: 3879: 3816: 3578: 3566: 3469: 3412: 3388: 3373: 2896:. Burnett's ships approached from 1551:encountered the Finnish freighter 1167:Group 2 was sighted at 14:50 by a 1017:under the command of Vice Admiral 986:, whose objective was the port of 304:2 cm (0.79 in) C/30 guns 210:Full load: 7.2 m (24 ft) 181:: 18,500 t (18,200 long tons) 14: 6021:List of Blohm & Voss aircraft 5579:List of heavy cruisers of Germany 3684: 3614: 3307:(4896 GRT), the Greek ship 1990:. Upon learning that the British 990:; the ships loaded the troops in 8077:World War II cruisers of Germany 8035: 8030: 8018: 8010: 5513: 5453: 5393:German Cruisers of World War Two 5324:Showell, Jak P Mallmann (1999). 5192:. New York: Thomas Dunne Books. 4798: 4774: 4762: 4750: 4643: 4592: 4580: 4568: 4503: 4479: 4416: 2061:seaplanes being launched in 1942 1189:Royal Norwegian Navy Air Service 694:20.3 cm (8 in) SK L/60 403:. The ship was laid down at the 338:faces: 105 mm (4.1 in) 54: 31: 5367:German Heavy Cruisers 1939–1945 5326:German Navy Handbook, 1939–1945 5264:Philbin, Tobias R. III (1982). 2746:, was spotted by the submarine 2495:in Norwegian waters, circa 1942 654:was 202.8 meters (665 ft) 308:12 × 53.3 cm (21 in) 8087:Maritime incidents in May 1945 5211:. Midland Publishing Limited. 5144:Convoy! Drama in Arctic Waters 3165:. On the evening of the 30th, 3132:. During the next five months 3029:. In return, the British sank 2521:left Narvik together with the 2023:That evening around midnight, 1423:and two escorting destroyers, 673:. The ship's top speed was 32 624:. In 1935, Germany signed the 1: 8062:Admiral Hipper-class cruisers 5369:. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. 5067:. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. 5002:Bredemeier, Heinrich (1997). 2953:inadvertently came alongside 2611:, escorted by the destroyers 1121:took a position South of the 901:, Norway. A third destroyer, 692:s primary armament was eight 286:20.3 cm (8 in) guns 5245:Murfett, Malcolm H. (2008). 3214:capsized, the light cruiser 3006:. The Germans also sank the 2696:commanded the squadron from 2479:, although an attack by the 1978:. Between 4 and 10 February 705:for the anti-aircraft guns. 626:Anglo–German Naval Agreement 584:Admiral Hipper-class cruiser 441:Anglo-German Naval Agreement 8082:Scuttled vessels of Germany 3015:and damaged the destroyers 1976:break out into the Atlantic 1942:to operate in concert with 1876:Armstrong Whitworth Whitley 1163:landing troops in Trondheim 994:. The ships steamed to the 934:loading mountain troops in 259:(59 km/h; 37 mph) 8103: 5106:German Warships: 1815–1945 5040:Brennecke, Jochen (2003). 5021:Breyer, Siegfried (1991). 5004:Schlachtschiff Scharnhorst 2727: 2574:and the British submarine 2567:. The Norwegian submarine 2443:. Since aircraft from the 2385:ran aground in the narrow 1917: 1909:belonging to convoy SLS-64 1580: 1573:arrived in Wilhelmshaven. 1310:, and the four destroyers 1281: 1260:with only 125 out of 3005 918: 696:guns mounted in four twin 592:Recognition drawing of an 581: 424:, commander of the German 18: 8005: 5865:Prinzessin Victoria Luise 5859:Deutsche Ost-Afrika Linie 5574: 5551: 5287:. Ithaca: McBooks Press. 4932:Middlebrook & Everitt 4147:Middlebrook & Everitt 4135:Middlebrook & Everitt 2730:Battle of the Barents Sea 2724:Battle of the Barents Sea 2473:Consolidated PBY Catalina 2436:and the aircraft carrier 1914:Second Atlantic operation 1691:intelligence was nearby. 805:'s chief of staff during 502:Battle of the Barents Sea 459:. She led the assault on 137: 47: 30: 5687:Warships of World War II 3747:, pp. 105, 115–122. 3239:National Maritime Museum 3233:was raised and towed to 2839:fired several salvos at 2321:, and the torpedo boats 1768:. The aircraft carriers 1728:At dusk on 24 December, 1064:, scoring several hits. 5628:Warships of World War I 5391:Whitley, M. J. (1987). 5247:Naval Warfare 1919–1945 5226:Miller, Nathan (1997). 5123:Hastings, Max (2005) . 2100:therefore decided that 1756:and the light cruisers 1704:on 16 and 20 December, 138:General characteristics 8067:Ships built in Hamburg 4983:Bekker, Cajus (1971). 3229: 3222: 3210: 3203: 3195: 3189: 3181: 3173: 3167: 3144: 3134: 3120: 3110: 3106: 3101:on 19 May 1945, after 3093: 3075: 3069: 3063: 3057: 3043: 3037: 3031: 3002: 2988: 2982: 2969: 2963: 2949: 2943: 2937: 2931: 2925: 2914: 2907: 2898: 2886: 2865: 2849: 2835: 2823: 2811: 2805: 2782: 2776: 2770: 2764: 2758: 2704: 2698: 2687: 2681: 2675: 2661: 2650: 2644: 2638: 2629: 2588: 2582: 2551: 2545: 2523: 2517: 2509:Operation Doppelschlag 2496: 2491: 2460: 2449: 2415: 2409: 2403: 2397: 2391: 2381: 2339: 2333: 2317: 2305: 2299: 2293: 2287: 2275:Operation Rösselsprung 2262: 2224: 2218: 2198:and the torpedo boats 2176: 2171: 2145: 2138: 2130: 2120: 2108: 2102: 2096: 2089: 2083: 2077: 2067: 2062: 2050: 2037: 2030: 2015: 1980: 1970: 1964: 1957: 1950: 1944: 1938: 1932: 1926: 1920:Battle of the Atlantic 1910: 1889: 1866: 1854: 1827: 1814: 1790:. A torpedo attack on 1782: 1730: 1717: 1706: 1700: 1693: 1685: 1679: 1669: 1659: 1649: 1640: 1624: 1611: 1597: 1569: 1563: 1557: 1547: 1533: 1518: 1512: 1506: 1500: 1494: 1488: 1477:803 Naval Air Squadron 1473:800 Naval Air Squadron 1463: 1457: 1452: 1437: 1409: 1403: 1397: 1391: 1381: 1371: 1361: 1342: 1336: 1330: 1306: 1300: 1294: 1266: 1256: 1250: 1244: 1238: 1232: 1226: 1220: 1214: 1207: 1200: 1183: 1173: 1164: 1159: 1147: 1141: 1117: 1111: 1105: 1089: 1076: 1070: 1056: 1043: 1037: 1013: 1007: 943: 938: 930: 859: 833: 821: 791: 785: 771: 765: 761: 752: 726: 724:The initial design of 709: 685: 661: 650: 642: 599: 594: 546: 480: 457:Battle of the Atlantic 451: 413: 393: 367: 73: 38: 6016:Hamburger Flugzeugbau 5804:other passenger ships 5283:Pope, Dudley (2005). 5249:. London: Routledge. 3091: 2859: 2682:Z16 Friedrich Eckoldt 2589:Z16 Friedrich Eckoldt 2489: 2481:Soviet submarine K-21 2447:had nearly torpedoed 2416:Z16 Friedrich Eckoldt 2410:Z15 Erich Steinbrinck 2389:, and the destroyers 2258:Operation Sportpalast 2169: 2047: 1899: 1721:operated between the 1645:Operation Nordseetour 1622: 1606:Operation Herbstreise 1583:Operation Nordseetour 1577:Operation Nordseetour 1447: 1325:Z15 Erich Steinbrinck 1157: 966:Z16 Friedrich Eckoldt 928: 750: 618:came to power in 1933 591: 500:, culminating in the 236:3 × Blohm & Voss 5063:Dildy, Doug (2007). 4811:Mann & Jörgensen 3721:Mann & Jörgensen 3642:Mann & Jörgensen 3591:Mann & Jörgensen 3247:Laboe Naval Memorial 3073:, and the destroyer 2736:Operation Regenbogen 2527:, the light cruiser 2477:No. 201 Squadron RAF 2162:Deployment to Norway 1880:Handley Page Hampden 1632:, photographed by a 1313:Z7 Hermann Schoemann 921:Operation Weserübung 915:Operation Weserübung 894:Z21 Wilhelm Heidkamp 622:Treaty of Versailles 572:Laboe Naval Memorial 558:, Germany. Her crew 510:and the minesweeper 465:Operation Weserübung 7744:Motor Gun Boat 2007 5142:Kemp, Paul (1993). 4958:, pp. 274–278. 4934:, pp. 693–694. 4866:, pp. 265–268. 4854:, pp. 227–228. 4813:, pp. 139–141. 4801:, pp. 228–229. 4753:, pp. 214–215. 4646:, pp. 102–103. 4619:, pp. 175–176. 4535:, pp. 253–255. 4383:, pp. 192–193. 4281:, pp. 171–178. 4233:, pp. 168–170. 4185:, pp. 160–164. 4149:, pp. 116–120. 4113:, pp. 138–147. 4048:, pp. 142–143. 3993:, pp. 128–139. 3981:, pp. 126–128. 3967:Koop & Schmolke 3957:, pp. 110–115. 3843:, pp. 103–104. 3482:Koop & Schmolke 3401:Koop & Schmolke 3355:Koop & Schmolke 2768:and the destroyers 2642:and the destroyers 2533:and the destroyers 2343:and the destroyers 2009:units had attacked 1653:, escorted by five 1264:of fuel remaining. 1198:towards Trondheim, 1032:Z11 Bernd von Arnim 769:was ordered by the 353:Aviation facilities 7947:William B. Allison 5363:Williamson, Gordon 4922:, p. 286–287. 4605:Garzke & Dulin 4557:Garzke & Dulin 4533:Garzke & Dulin 4494:, p. 253-254. 4159:Garzke & Dulin 3819:, pp. 22, 26. 3303:(4,542 GRT), 3299:(4,684 GRT), 3295:(4,712 GRT), 3291:(4,876 GRT), 3287:The English ships 3140:shore bombardments 3107: 3032:Friederich Eckoldt 2932:Friederich Eckoldt 2866: 2860:The light cruiser 2771:Friederich Eckoldt 2676:Z4 Richard Beitzen 2657:Operation Hoffnung 2636:On 28–29 October, 2583:Z4 Richard Beitzen 2501:Operation Pedestal 2497: 2372:Z4 Richard Beitzen 2174:On 19 March 1942, 2172: 2063: 2013:. On 11 February, 1911: 1872:Vickers Wellington 1852:. While en route, 1641: 1593:Operation Sea Lion 1453: 1298:, the battleships 1165: 972:Z8 Bruno Heinemann 939: 904:Z9 Wolfgang Zenker 865:Operation Nordmark 762: 735:seaplanes and one 600: 387:which served with 21:German ship Hipper 8047: 8046: 6034: 6033: 5587: 5586: 5402:978-0-87021-217-8 5376:978-1-84176-502-0 5316:978-1-59114-119-8 5294:978-1-59013-102-2 5256:978-0-415-45804-7 5237:978-0-19-511038-8 5199:978-0-312-31100-1 5176:978-3-7637-5896-8 5134:978-0-375-71422-1 5127:. Vintage Books. 5115:978-0-87021-790-6 5093:978-0-87021-101-0 5074:978-1-84603-117-5 4595:, pp. 82–86. 4407:, pp. 16–17. 4269:, pp. 58–59. 3855:, pp. 68–80. 3783:, pp. 58–62. 3771:, pp. 75–91. 3759:, pp. 65–74. 3723:, pp. 42–43. 3656:, pp. 45–52. 3629:, pp. 40–41. 3508:, pp. 10–11. 2845:Robert Sherbrooke 2645:Friedrich Eckoldt 2456:British Admiralty 2392:Z6 Theodor Riedel 2312:Z14 Friedrich Ihn 2300:Z6 Theodor Riedel 2297:, the destroyers 1647:. On 30 November 1369:with gunfire and 1233:Friedrich Eckoldt 1227:Friedrich Eckoldt 960:Z6 Theodor Riedel 909:Wilhelm Marschall 867:. She joined the 837:steamed into the 827:(Captain at Sea) 702:superfiring pairs 540:, though Admiral 433:Battle of Jutland 363: 362: 8094: 8039: 8034: 8022: 8014: 7998: 7982: 7972: 7961: 7950: 7926: 7908: 7891: 7866: 7848: 7830: 7808: 7792: 7782: 7771: 7753: 7736: 7726: 7715: 7693: 7647: 7625: 7603: 7602: 7189: 7188: 7022: 7021: 6389: 6388: 6106: 6061: 6054: 6047: 6038: 5873:Wilhelm Gustloff 5802:Ocean liners and 5614: 5607: 5600: 5591: 5519: 5517: 5516: 5459: 5457: 5456: 5434: 5427: 5420: 5411: 5406: 5380: 5358: 5339: 5320: 5298: 5279: 5260: 5241: 5222: 5203: 5191: 5180: 5157: 5138: 5119: 5097: 5078: 5059: 5036: 5017: 4998: 4971: 4965: 4959: 4953: 4947: 4941: 4935: 4929: 4923: 4917: 4911: 4905: 4899: 4893: 4882: 4876: 4867: 4861: 4855: 4849: 4843: 4837: 4831: 4825: 4814: 4808: 4802: 4796: 4790: 4784: 4778: 4772: 4766: 4760: 4754: 4748: 4742: 4736: 4727: 4721: 4710: 4704: 4695: 4689: 4683: 4677: 4671: 4665: 4659: 4653: 4647: 4641: 4635: 4629: 4620: 4614: 4608: 4602: 4596: 4590: 4584: 4578: 4572: 4566: 4560: 4554: 4548: 4542: 4536: 4530: 4524: 4518: 4507: 4501: 4495: 4489: 4483: 4477: 4471: 4465: 4459: 4453: 4444: 4438: 4432: 4426: 4420: 4414: 4408: 4402: 4396: 4390: 4384: 4378: 4372: 4366: 4360: 4354: 4345: 4339: 4333: 4327: 4321: 4315: 4309: 4303: 4294: 4288: 4282: 4276: 4270: 4264: 4258: 4252: 4246: 4240: 4234: 4228: 4222: 4216: 4210: 4204: 4198: 4192: 4186: 4180: 4174: 4168: 4162: 4156: 4150: 4144: 4138: 4132: 4126: 4120: 4114: 4108: 4102: 4096: 4073: 4067: 4061: 4055: 4049: 4043: 4037: 4031: 4025: 4019: 4006: 4000: 3994: 3988: 3982: 3976: 3970: 3964: 3958: 3952: 3946: 3940: 3919: 3913: 3907: 3901: 3895: 3889: 3883: 3877: 3868: 3862: 3856: 3850: 3844: 3838: 3832: 3826: 3820: 3814: 3808: 3802: 3796: 3790: 3784: 3778: 3772: 3766: 3760: 3754: 3748: 3742: 3736: 3730: 3724: 3718: 3712: 3706: 3700: 3694: 3688: 3682: 3676: 3670: 3657: 3651: 3645: 3639: 3630: 3624: 3618: 3612: 3606: 3600: 3594: 3588: 3582: 3576: 3570: 3564: 3558: 3552: 3533: 3527: 3521: 3515: 3509: 3503: 3497: 3491: 3485: 3479: 3473: 3467: 3458: 3452: 3443: 3437: 3431: 3425: 3416: 3410: 3404: 3398: 3392: 3386: 3377: 3371: 3358: 3352: 3346: 3340: 3324: 3285: 3279: 3272: 3235:Heikendorfer Bay 3232: 3225: 3213: 3206: 3200: 3192: 3184: 3182:Wilhelm Gustloff 3178: 3175:Wilhelm Gustloff 3170: 3150: 3147: 3137: 3123: 3113: 3096: 3078: 3072: 3066: 3060: 3046: 3040: 3034: 3005: 2991: 2985: 2975: 2972: 2966: 2952: 2946: 2940: 2934: 2929:, the destroyer 2928: 2917: 2910: 2904: 2901: 2889: 2852: 2838: 2826: 2814: 2808: 2785: 2779: 2773: 2767: 2761: 2707: 2701: 2692: 2684: 2678: 2664: 2653: 2647: 2641: 2632: 2591: 2585: 2554: 2548: 2526: 2520: 2494: 2463: 2452: 2418: 2412: 2406: 2404:Z20 Karl Galster 2400: 2394: 2384: 2342: 2336: 2320: 2318:Z20 Karl Galster 2308: 2302: 2296: 2290: 2265: 2227: 2221: 2179: 2148: 2141: 2135: 2123: 2111: 2105: 2099: 2092: 2086: 2080: 2073: 2070: 2056: 2053: 2040: 2033: 2025:Admiral Hipper's 2018: 1983: 1973: 1967: 1960: 1953: 1947: 1941: 1935: 1929: 1892: 1869: 1857: 1830: 1820: 1817: 1785: 1748:Operation Excess 1733: 1720: 1709: 1703: 1696: 1690: 1682: 1672: 1662: 1652: 1627: 1614: 1603: 1600: 1572: 1566: 1560: 1550: 1536: 1521: 1515: 1509: 1503: 1497: 1491: 1466: 1460: 1440: 1415:aircraft carrier 1412: 1406: 1400: 1394: 1384: 1374: 1364: 1347: 1339: 1333: 1331:Z20 Karl Galster 1309: 1303: 1297: 1269: 1259: 1253: 1247: 1241: 1235: 1229: 1223: 1217: 1210: 1203: 1186: 1176: 1169:Short Sunderland 1162: 1150: 1144: 1120: 1114: 1108: 1102: 1095: 1092: 1082: 1079: 1073: 1059: 1046: 1040: 1016: 1010: 946: 933: 888:Z20 Karl Galster 862: 836: 826: 803:Franz von Hipper 797:(Grand Admiral) 796: 788: 777:Blohm & Voss 774: 768: 755: 729: 715: 712: 691: 688: 679:shaft horsepower 664: 653: 645: 597: 568:Heikendorfer Bay 562:the ship at her 549: 483: 454: 422:Franz von Hipper 416: 405:Blohm & Voss 398: 370: 345:Aircraft carried 96:Blohm & Voss 86:Franz von Hipper 76: 64: 59: 58: 57: 41: 35: 28: 8102: 8101: 8097: 8096: 8095: 8093: 8092: 8091: 8052: 8051: 8048: 8043: 8026: 8001: 7985: 7975: 7964: 7953: 7929: 7911: 7894: 7869: 7851: 7833: 7822: 7816:Other incidents 7811: 7795: 7785: 7774: 7756: 7739: 7729: 7718: 7696: 7650: 7628: 7606: 7194: 7192: 7027: 7025: 6394: 6392: 6111: 6109: 6081: 6068: 6065: 6035: 6030: 5999: 5985:Almirante Brown 5965: 5904: 5899:Empire Windrush 5803: 5797: 5727: 5682: 5623: 5618: 5588: 5583: 5570: 5547: 5523: 5514: 5512: 5506: 5465: 5454: 5452: 5446: 5444:-class cruisers 5438: 5403: 5390: 5387: 5385:Further reading 5377: 5361: 5355: 5342: 5336: 5323: 5317: 5301: 5295: 5282: 5276: 5263: 5257: 5244: 5238: 5225: 5219: 5206: 5200: 5183: 5177: 5160: 5154: 5141: 5135: 5122: 5116: 5100: 5094: 5081: 5075: 5062: 5056: 5039: 5033: 5020: 5014: 5001: 4995: 4982: 4979: 4974: 4966: 4962: 4954: 4950: 4942: 4938: 4930: 4926: 4918: 4914: 4906: 4902: 4894: 4885: 4877: 4870: 4862: 4858: 4850: 4846: 4838: 4834: 4826: 4817: 4809: 4805: 4797: 4793: 4785: 4781: 4773: 4769: 4761: 4757: 4749: 4745: 4737: 4730: 4722: 4713: 4705: 4698: 4690: 4686: 4678: 4674: 4666: 4662: 4654: 4650: 4642: 4638: 4630: 4623: 4615: 4611: 4603: 4599: 4591: 4587: 4579: 4575: 4567: 4563: 4555: 4551: 4543: 4539: 4531: 4527: 4519: 4510: 4502: 4498: 4490: 4486: 4478: 4474: 4466: 4462: 4454: 4447: 4439: 4435: 4427: 4423: 4415: 4411: 4403: 4399: 4391: 4387: 4379: 4375: 4367: 4363: 4355: 4348: 4340: 4336: 4328: 4324: 4316: 4312: 4304: 4297: 4289: 4285: 4277: 4273: 4265: 4261: 4253: 4249: 4241: 4237: 4229: 4225: 4217: 4213: 4205: 4201: 4193: 4189: 4181: 4177: 4169: 4165: 4157: 4153: 4145: 4141: 4133: 4129: 4121: 4117: 4109: 4105: 4097: 4076: 4068: 4064: 4056: 4052: 4044: 4040: 4032: 4028: 4020: 4009: 4001: 3997: 3989: 3985: 3977: 3973: 3965: 3961: 3953: 3949: 3941: 3922: 3914: 3910: 3902: 3898: 3890: 3886: 3878: 3871: 3863: 3859: 3851: 3847: 3839: 3835: 3827: 3823: 3815: 3811: 3803: 3799: 3791: 3787: 3779: 3775: 3767: 3763: 3755: 3751: 3743: 3739: 3731: 3727: 3719: 3715: 3707: 3703: 3695: 3691: 3683: 3679: 3671: 3660: 3652: 3648: 3640: 3633: 3625: 3621: 3613: 3609: 3601: 3597: 3589: 3585: 3577: 3573: 3565: 3561: 3553: 3536: 3528: 3524: 3516: 3512: 3504: 3500: 3492: 3488: 3480: 3476: 3468: 3461: 3453: 3446: 3438: 3434: 3426: 3419: 3411: 3407: 3399: 3395: 3387: 3380: 3372: 3361: 3353: 3349: 3345:, pp. 4–5. 3341: 3337: 3333: 3328: 3327: 3297:Oswestry Grange 3286: 3282: 3273: 3269: 3264: 3259: 3153:Royal Air Force 3148: 3097:in dry dock at 3086: 3076:Richard Beitzen 2973: 2902: 2777:Richard Beitzen 2732: 2726: 2659:on 5 November: 2651:Richard Beitzen 2605:Operation Zarin 2164: 2071: 2054: 1922: 1916: 1844:occupied France 1818: 1812:reappeared off 1744:Cape Finisterre 1701:Friedrich Breme 1680:Friedrich Breme 1628:in dry dock in 1601: 1585: 1579: 1469:Blackburn Skuas 1286: 1280: 1196:Trondheim Fjord 1100: 1093: 1080: 1060:rained fire on 1019:Günther Lütjens 984:mountain troops 923: 917: 823:Kapitän zur See 801:, who had been 745: 743:Service history 713: 689: 638:treaty cruisers 586: 580: 552:Royal Air Force 437:High Seas Fleet 215:Installed power 117:6 February 1937 60: 55: 53: 43: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 8100: 8098: 8090: 8089: 8084: 8079: 8074: 8069: 8064: 8054: 8053: 8045: 8044: 8006: 8003: 8002: 8000: 7999: 7986:Unknown date: 7983: 7973: 7962: 7951: 7927: 7909: 7892: 7888:Hugh W. Hadley 7867: 7849: 7831: 7819: 7817: 7813: 7812: 7810: 7809: 7793: 7783: 7772: 7754: 7737: 7727: 7716: 7694: 7648: 7626: 7604: 7190: 7023: 6390: 6114:Admiral Hipper 6107: 6078: 6076: 6070: 6069: 6066: 6064: 6063: 6056: 6049: 6041: 6032: 6031: 6029: 6028: 6023: 6018: 6013: 6007: 6005: 6001: 6000: 5998: 5997: 5989: 5981: 5973: 5971: 5967: 5966: 5964: 5963: 5955: 5948: 5941: 5934: 5927: 5920: 5912: 5910: 5909:Private yachts 5906: 5905: 5903: 5902: 5894: 5885: 5876: 5868: 5861: 5856: 5848: 5840: 5832: 5824: 5816: 5807: 5805: 5799: 5798: 5796: 5795: 5787: 5779: 5771: 5764: 5757: 5750: 5743: 5735: 5733: 5729: 5728: 5726: 5725: 5705: 5698: 5695:Admiral Hipper 5690: 5688: 5684: 5683: 5681: 5680: 5672: 5664: 5656: 5648: 5640: 5631: 5629: 5625: 5624: 5619: 5617: 5616: 5609: 5602: 5594: 5585: 5584: 5582: 5581: 5575: 5572: 5571: 5569: 5568: 5562: 5552: 5549: 5548: 5546: 5545: 5526: 5524: 5511: 5508: 5507: 5505: 5504: 5497: 5490: 5483: 5476: 5473:Admiral Hipper 5468: 5466: 5451: 5448: 5447: 5442:Admiral Hipper 5439: 5437: 5436: 5429: 5422: 5414: 5408: 5407: 5401: 5386: 5383: 5382: 5381: 5375: 5359: 5353: 5340: 5334: 5321: 5315: 5303:Rohwer, Jürgen 5299: 5293: 5280: 5274: 5261: 5255: 5242: 5236: 5223: 5217: 5204: 5198: 5181: 5175: 5158: 5152: 5139: 5133: 5120: 5114: 5098: 5092: 5079: 5073: 5060: 5054: 5037: 5031: 5018: 5012: 4999: 4993: 4978: 4975: 4973: 4972: 4960: 4948: 4946:, p. 408. 4936: 4924: 4912: 4910:, p. 287. 4900: 4883: 4868: 4856: 4844: 4842:, p. 227. 4832: 4815: 4803: 4791: 4789:, p. 496. 4779: 4777:, p. 219. 4767: 4765:, p. 215. 4755: 4743: 4741:, p. 332. 4728: 4726:, p. 221. 4711: 4709:, p. 331. 4696: 4694:, p. 223. 4684: 4682:, p. 207. 4672: 4670:, p. 206. 4660: 4658:, p. 197. 4648: 4636: 4634:, p. 195. 4621: 4609: 4607:, p. 255. 4597: 4585: 4573: 4561: 4559:, p. 253. 4549: 4547:, p. 263. 4537: 4525: 4523:, p. 175. 4508: 4496: 4484: 4472: 4470:, p. 166. 4460: 4445: 4443:, p. 146. 4433: 4431:, p. 152. 4421: 4409: 4397: 4385: 4373: 4371:, p. 192. 4361: 4346: 4344:, p. 187. 4334: 4332:, p. 182. 4322: 4320:, p. 180. 4310: 4308:, p. 179. 4295: 4283: 4271: 4259: 4257:, p. 176. 4247: 4235: 4223: 4221:, p. 202. 4211: 4209:, p. 168. 4199: 4197:, p. 164. 4187: 4175: 4163: 4161:, p. 140. 4151: 4139: 4137:, p. 115. 4127: 4115: 4103: 4074: 4072:, p. 149. 4062: 4060:, p. 145. 4050: 4038: 4036:, p. 141. 4026: 4007: 4005:, p. 198. 3995: 3983: 3971: 3959: 3947: 3920: 3908: 3896: 3884: 3869: 3867:, p. 105. 3857: 3845: 3833: 3831:, p. 100. 3821: 3809: 3797: 3785: 3773: 3761: 3749: 3737: 3725: 3713: 3701: 3689: 3677: 3658: 3646: 3631: 3619: 3607: 3595: 3583: 3571: 3559: 3534: 3522: 3510: 3498: 3486: 3474: 3459: 3444: 3442:, p. 283. 3432: 3430:, p. 301. 3417: 3405: 3393: 3378: 3359: 3347: 3334: 3332: 3329: 3326: 3325: 3280: 3266: 3265: 3263: 3260: 3258: 3255: 3230:Admiral Hipper 3223:Admiral Hipper 3211:Admiral Scheer 3204:Admiral Hipper 3190:Admiral Hipper 3168:Admiral Hipper 3145:Admiral Hipper 3135:Admiral Hipper 3121:Admiral Hipper 3111:Admiral Hipper 3094:Admiral Hipper 3085: 3082: 3064:Admiral Hipper 3058:Admiral Hipper 3038:Admiral Hipper 3003:Admiral Hipper 2983:Admiral Hipper 2970:Admiral Hipper 2944:Admiral Hipper 2926:Admiral Hipper 2915:Admiral Hipper 2908:Admiral Hipper 2899:Admiral Hipper 2887:Admiral Hipper 2870:Robert Burnett 2850:Admiral Hipper 2836:Admiral Hipper 2824:Admiral Hipper 2806:Admiral Hipper 2783:Theodor Riedel 2759:Admiral Hipper 2728:Main article: 2725: 2722: 2699:Admiral Hipper 2662:Admiral Hipper 2639:Admiral Hipper 2630:Admiral Hipper 2524:Admiral Scheer 2518:Admiral Hipper 2492:Admiral Hipper 2461:Admiral Hipper 2340:Admiral Scheer 2288:Admiral Hipper 2263:Admiral Hipper 2225:Admiral Scheer 2219:Admiral Hipper 2177:Admiral Hipper 2163: 2160: 2156:Arctic convoys 2146:Admiral Hipper 2139:Admiral Hipper 2132:Deutsche Werke 2121:Admiral Hipper 2115:Admiral Scheer 2103:Admiral Hipper 2090:Admiral Hipper 2068:Admiral Hipper 2051:Admiral Hipper 2038:Admiral Hipper 2031:Admiral Hipper 2016:Admiral Hipper 1981:Admiral Hipper 1958:Admiral Hipper 1945:Admiral Hipper 1915: 1912: 1901:Admiral Hipper 1890:Admiral Hipper 1867:Admiral Hipper 1855:Admiral Hipper 1836:Admiral Hipper 1828:Admiral Hipper 1823:superstructure 1815:Admiral Hipper 1801:Empire Trooper 1783:Admiral Hipper 1740:nautical miles 1731:Admiral Hipper 1718:Admiral Hipper 1707:Admiral Hipper 1694:Admiral Hipper 1675:Denmark Strait 1650:Admiral Hipper 1625:Admiral Hipper 1612:Admiral Hipper 1598:Admiral Hipper 1589:Wilhelm Meisel 1581:Main article: 1578: 1575: 1570:Admiral Hipper 1558:Admiral Hipper 1548:Admiral Hipper 1534:Admiral Hipper 1507:Admiral Hipper 1495:Admiral Hipper 1458:Admiral Hipper 1392:Admiral Hipper 1382:Admiral Hipper 1362:Admiral Hipper 1337:Admiral Hipper 1295:Admiral Hipper 1284:Operation Juno 1282:Main article: 1279: 1278:Operation Juno 1276: 1267:Admiral Hipper 1257:Admiral Hipper 1239:Admiral Hipper 1221:Admiral Hipper 1208:Admiral Hipper 1201:Admiral Hipper 1184:Admiral Hipper 1174:Admiral Hipper 1160:Admiral Hipper 1106:Admiral Hipper 1090:Admiral Hipper 1077:Admiral Hipper 1071:Admiral Hipper 1057:Admiral Hipper 1044:Admiral Hipper 1038:Admiral Hipper 954:Z5 Paul Jakobi 944:Admiral Hipper 931:Admiral Hipper 919:Main article: 916: 913: 860:Admiral Hipper 834:Admiral Hipper 766:Admiral Hipper 753:Admiral Hipper 744: 741: 727:Admiral Hipper 710:Admiral Hipper 686:Admiral Hipper 667:steam turbines 662:Admiral Hipper 651:Admiral Hipper 643:Admiral Hipper 611:heavy cruisers 605:Admiral Hipper 598:-class cruiser 595:Admiral Hipper 582:Main article: 579: 576: 547:Admiral Hipper 490:Denmark Strait 481:Admiral Hipper 476:Atlantic Ocean 452:Admiral Hipper 414:Admiral Hipper 385:heavy cruisers 379:Admiral Hipper 368:Admiral Hipper 361: 360: 354: 350: 349: 348:3 Arado Ar 196 346: 342: 341: 340: 339: 333: 327: 319: 315: 314: 313: 312: 306: 300: 294: 288: 280: 276: 275: 274: 273: 272:1,340 enlisted 270: 265: 261: 260: 253: 249: 248: 247: 246: 240: 238:steam turbines 232: 228: 227: 216: 212: 211: 208: 204: 203: 200: 196: 195: 189: 185: 184: 183: 182: 176: 167:: 16,170 160: 156: 155: 148:Admiral Hipper 144: 143:Class and type 140: 139: 135: 134: 131: 127: 126: 123: 119: 118: 115: 111: 110: 107: 103: 102: 93: 89: 88: 82: 78: 77: 74:Admiral Hipper 70: 66: 65: 50: 49: 45: 44: 39:Admiral Hipper 36: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8099: 8088: 8085: 8083: 8080: 8078: 8075: 8073: 8070: 8068: 8065: 8063: 8060: 8059: 8057: 8050: 8042: 8038: 8033: 8029: 8025: 8021: 8017: 8013: 8009: 8004: 7997: 7996: 7991: 7990: 7984: 7981: 7980: 7974: 7971: 7970: 7963: 7960: 7959: 7952: 7949: 7948: 7943: 7942: 7936: 7935: 7928: 7925: 7924: 7918: 7917: 7910: 7907: 7906: 7900: 7899: 7893: 7890: 7889: 7883: 7882: 7876: 7875: 7868: 7865: 7864: 7858: 7857: 7850: 7847: 7846: 7840: 7839: 7832: 7829: 7828: 7821: 7820: 7818: 7814: 7807: 7806: 7801: 7800: 7794: 7791: 7790: 7784: 7781: 7780: 7773: 7770: 7769: 7763: 7762: 7755: 7752: 7751: 7746: 7745: 7738: 7735: 7734: 7728: 7725: 7724: 7717: 7714: 7713: 7708: 7707: 7702: 7701: 7695: 7692: 7691: 7686: 7685: 7680: 7679: 7674: 7673: 7668: 7667: 7662: 7661: 7656: 7655: 7649: 7646: 7645: 7640: 7639: 7634: 7633: 7632:Avondale Park 7627: 7624: 7623: 7618: 7617: 7612: 7611: 7605: 7601: 7600: 7595: 7594: 7589: 7588: 7583: 7582: 7577: 7576: 7571: 7570: 7565: 7564: 7559: 7558: 7553: 7552: 7547: 7546: 7541: 7540: 7535: 7534: 7529: 7528: 7523: 7522: 7517: 7516: 7511: 7510: 7505: 7504: 7499: 7498: 7493: 7492: 7487: 7486: 7481: 7480: 7475: 7474: 7469: 7468: 7463: 7462: 7457: 7456: 7451: 7450: 7445: 7444: 7439: 7438: 7433: 7432: 7427: 7426: 7421: 7420: 7415: 7414: 7409: 7408: 7403: 7402: 7397: 7396: 7391: 7390: 7385: 7384: 7379: 7378: 7373: 7372: 7367: 7366: 7361: 7360: 7355: 7354: 7349: 7348: 7343: 7342: 7337: 7336: 7331: 7330: 7325: 7324: 7319: 7318: 7313: 7312: 7307: 7306: 7301: 7300: 7295: 7294: 7289: 7288: 7283: 7282: 7277: 7276: 7271: 7270: 7265: 7264: 7259: 7258: 7253: 7252: 7247: 7246: 7241: 7240: 7235: 7234: 7229: 7228: 7223: 7222: 7217: 7216: 7211: 7210: 7205: 7204: 7199: 7198: 7191: 7187: 7186: 7181: 7180: 7175: 7174: 7169: 7168: 7163: 7162: 7157: 7156: 7151: 7150: 7145: 7144: 7139: 7138: 7133: 7132: 7127: 7126: 7121: 7120: 7115: 7114: 7109: 7108: 7103: 7102: 7097: 7096: 7091: 7090: 7085: 7084: 7079: 7078: 7073: 7072: 7067: 7066: 7060: 7059: 7054: 7053: 7047: 7046: 7040: 7039: 7033: 7032: 7024: 7020: 7019: 7014: 7013: 7008: 7007: 7002: 7001: 6996: 6995: 6990: 6989: 6984: 6983: 6978: 6977: 6972: 6971: 6966: 6965: 6960: 6959: 6954: 6953: 6948: 6947: 6942: 6941: 6936: 6935: 6930: 6929: 6924: 6923: 6918: 6917: 6912: 6911: 6906: 6905: 6900: 6899: 6894: 6893: 6888: 6887: 6882: 6881: 6876: 6875: 6870: 6869: 6864: 6863: 6858: 6857: 6852: 6851: 6846: 6845: 6840: 6839: 6834: 6833: 6828: 6827: 6822: 6821: 6816: 6815: 6810: 6809: 6804: 6803: 6798: 6797: 6792: 6791: 6786: 6785: 6780: 6779: 6774: 6773: 6768: 6767: 6762: 6761: 6756: 6755: 6750: 6749: 6744: 6743: 6738: 6737: 6732: 6731: 6726: 6725: 6720: 6719: 6714: 6713: 6708: 6707: 6702: 6701: 6696: 6695: 6690: 6689: 6684: 6683: 6678: 6677: 6672: 6671: 6666: 6665: 6660: 6659: 6654: 6653: 6648: 6647: 6642: 6641: 6636: 6635: 6630: 6629: 6624: 6623: 6618: 6617: 6612: 6611: 6606: 6605: 6600: 6599: 6594: 6593: 6588: 6587: 6582: 6581: 6576: 6575: 6570: 6569: 6564: 6563: 6558: 6557: 6552: 6551: 6546: 6545: 6540: 6539: 6534: 6533: 6528: 6527: 6522: 6521: 6516: 6515: 6510: 6509: 6504: 6503: 6498: 6497: 6492: 6491: 6486: 6485: 6480: 6479: 6474: 6473: 6468: 6467: 6462: 6461: 6456: 6455: 6450: 6449: 6444: 6443: 6438: 6437: 6431: 6430: 6424: 6423: 6417: 6416: 6411: 6410: 6405: 6404: 6399: 6398: 6391: 6387: 6386: 6381: 6380: 6375: 6374: 6369: 6368: 6363: 6362: 6357: 6356: 6351: 6350: 6345: 6344: 6339: 6338: 6333: 6332: 6327: 6326: 6321: 6320: 6315: 6314: 6309: 6308: 6303: 6302: 6297: 6296: 6291: 6290: 6285: 6284: 6279: 6278: 6273: 6272: 6267: 6266: 6261: 6260: 6255: 6254: 6249: 6248: 6243: 6242: 6237: 6236: 6231: 6230: 6225: 6224: 6219: 6218: 6213: 6212: 6207: 6206: 6201: 6200: 6195: 6194: 6189: 6188: 6183: 6182: 6177: 6176: 6171: 6170: 6165: 6164: 6159: 6158: 6153: 6152: 6147: 6146: 6141: 6140: 6135: 6134: 6129: 6128: 6123: 6122: 6116: 6115: 6108: 6105: 6104: 6099: 6098: 6093: 6092: 6087: 6086: 6080: 6079: 6077: 6075: 6071: 6062: 6057: 6055: 6050: 6048: 6043: 6042: 6039: 6027: 6024: 6022: 6019: 6017: 6014: 6012: 6009: 6008: 6006: 6002: 5996: 5995: 5994:Vasco da Gama 5990: 5988: 5986: 5982: 5980: 5979: 5975: 5974: 5972: 5968: 5962: 5961: 5956: 5954: 5953: 5949: 5947: 5946: 5942: 5940: 5939: 5935: 5933: 5932: 5928: 5926: 5925: 5921: 5919: 5918: 5914: 5913: 5911: 5907: 5901: 5900: 5895: 5893: 5891: 5886: 5884: 5882: 5877: 5875: 5874: 5869: 5867: 5866: 5862: 5860: 5857: 5855: 5854: 5849: 5847: 5846: 5841: 5839: 5838: 5833: 5831: 5830: 5825: 5823: 5822: 5817: 5815: 5814: 5809: 5808: 5806: 5800: 5794: 5792: 5788: 5786: 5785: 5780: 5778: 5776: 5772: 5770: 5769: 5765: 5763: 5762: 5758: 5756: 5755: 5751: 5749: 5748: 5744: 5742: 5741: 5737: 5736: 5734: 5730: 5724: 5721: 5717: 5713: 5709: 5706: 5704: 5703: 5699: 5697: 5696: 5692: 5691: 5689: 5685: 5679: 5678: 5673: 5671: 5670: 5665: 5663: 5662: 5657: 5655: 5654: 5649: 5647: 5646: 5641: 5639: 5638: 5633: 5632: 5630: 5626: 5622: 5615: 5610: 5608: 5603: 5601: 5596: 5595: 5592: 5580: 5577: 5576: 5573: 5567: 5564:Followed by: 5563: 5561: 5559: 5555:Preceded by: 5554: 5553: 5550: 5543: 5539: 5538: 5533: 5532: 5531:Petropavlovsk 5528: 5527: 5525: 5522: 5509: 5503: 5502: 5498: 5496: 5495: 5491: 5489: 5488: 5484: 5482: 5481: 5477: 5475: 5474: 5470: 5469: 5467: 5464: 5463: 5449: 5445: 5443: 5435: 5430: 5428: 5423: 5421: 5416: 5415: 5412: 5404: 5398: 5394: 5389: 5388: 5384: 5378: 5372: 5368: 5364: 5360: 5356: 5354:82-994738-3-7 5350: 5346: 5341: 5337: 5335:0-7509-1556-0 5331: 5327: 5322: 5318: 5312: 5308: 5304: 5300: 5296: 5290: 5286: 5281: 5277: 5275:90-6032-200-2 5271: 5267: 5262: 5258: 5252: 5248: 5243: 5239: 5233: 5229: 5224: 5220: 5218:1 85780 033 8 5214: 5210: 5205: 5201: 5195: 5190: 5189: 5182: 5178: 5172: 5168: 5164: 5159: 5155: 5153:0-304-35451-1 5149: 5145: 5140: 5136: 5130: 5126: 5121: 5117: 5111: 5107: 5103: 5102:Gröner, Erich 5099: 5095: 5089: 5085: 5080: 5076: 5070: 5066: 5061: 5057: 5055:3-453-87084-0 5051: 5047: 5043: 5038: 5034: 5032:3-7909-0429-5 5028: 5024: 5019: 5015: 5013:3-7822-0592-8 5009: 5005: 5000: 4996: 4994:3-548-03057-2 4990: 4986: 4985:Verdammte See 4981: 4980: 4976: 4970:, p. 79. 4969: 4964: 4961: 4957: 4952: 4949: 4945: 4940: 4937: 4933: 4928: 4925: 4921: 4916: 4913: 4909: 4904: 4901: 4898:, p. 21. 4897: 4892: 4890: 4888: 4884: 4881:, p. 29. 4880: 4875: 4873: 4869: 4865: 4860: 4857: 4853: 4848: 4845: 4841: 4836: 4833: 4830:, p. 20. 4829: 4824: 4822: 4820: 4816: 4812: 4807: 4804: 4800: 4795: 4792: 4788: 4783: 4780: 4776: 4771: 4768: 4764: 4759: 4756: 4752: 4747: 4744: 4740: 4735: 4733: 4729: 4725: 4720: 4718: 4716: 4712: 4708: 4703: 4701: 4697: 4693: 4688: 4685: 4681: 4676: 4673: 4669: 4664: 4661: 4657: 4652: 4649: 4645: 4640: 4637: 4633: 4628: 4626: 4622: 4618: 4613: 4610: 4606: 4601: 4598: 4594: 4589: 4586: 4583:, p. 87. 4582: 4577: 4574: 4571:, p. 66. 4570: 4565: 4562: 4558: 4553: 4550: 4546: 4541: 4538: 4534: 4529: 4526: 4522: 4517: 4515: 4513: 4509: 4506:, p. 65. 4505: 4500: 4497: 4493: 4488: 4485: 4482:, p. 39. 4481: 4476: 4473: 4469: 4464: 4461: 4458:, p. 17. 4457: 4452: 4450: 4446: 4442: 4437: 4434: 4430: 4425: 4422: 4419:, p. 36. 4418: 4413: 4410: 4406: 4401: 4398: 4395:, p. 13. 4394: 4389: 4386: 4382: 4377: 4374: 4370: 4365: 4362: 4359:, p. 64. 4358: 4353: 4351: 4347: 4343: 4338: 4335: 4331: 4326: 4323: 4319: 4314: 4311: 4307: 4302: 4300: 4296: 4293:, p. 59. 4292: 4287: 4284: 4280: 4275: 4272: 4268: 4263: 4260: 4256: 4251: 4248: 4245:, p. 58. 4244: 4239: 4236: 4232: 4227: 4224: 4220: 4215: 4212: 4208: 4203: 4200: 4196: 4191: 4188: 4184: 4179: 4176: 4173:, p. 57. 4172: 4167: 4164: 4160: 4155: 4152: 4148: 4143: 4140: 4136: 4131: 4128: 4125:, p. 54. 4124: 4119: 4116: 4112: 4107: 4104: 4101:, p. 16. 4100: 4095: 4093: 4091: 4089: 4087: 4085: 4083: 4081: 4079: 4075: 4071: 4066: 4063: 4059: 4054: 4051: 4047: 4042: 4039: 4035: 4030: 4027: 4024:, p. 53. 4023: 4018: 4016: 4014: 4012: 4008: 4004: 3999: 3996: 3992: 3987: 3984: 3980: 3975: 3972: 3969:, p. 46. 3968: 3963: 3960: 3956: 3951: 3948: 3945:, p. 15. 3944: 3939: 3937: 3935: 3933: 3931: 3929: 3927: 3925: 3921: 3918:, p. 34. 3917: 3912: 3909: 3906:, p. 26. 3905: 3900: 3897: 3894:, p. 29. 3893: 3888: 3885: 3882:, p. 27. 3881: 3876: 3874: 3870: 3866: 3861: 3858: 3854: 3849: 3846: 3842: 3837: 3834: 3830: 3825: 3822: 3818: 3813: 3810: 3807:, p. 97. 3806: 3801: 3798: 3795:, p. 94. 3794: 3789: 3786: 3782: 3777: 3774: 3770: 3765: 3762: 3758: 3753: 3750: 3746: 3741: 3738: 3735:, p. 68. 3734: 3729: 3726: 3722: 3717: 3714: 3711:, p. 63. 3710: 3705: 3702: 3699:, p. 62. 3698: 3693: 3690: 3687:, p. 33. 3686: 3681: 3678: 3675:, p. 14. 3674: 3669: 3667: 3665: 3663: 3659: 3655: 3650: 3647: 3644:, p. 42. 3643: 3638: 3636: 3632: 3628: 3623: 3620: 3617:, p. 30. 3616: 3611: 3608: 3605:, p. 38. 3604: 3599: 3596: 3593:, p. 38. 3592: 3587: 3584: 3581:, p. 18. 3580: 3575: 3572: 3569:, p. 15. 3568: 3563: 3560: 3557:, p. 13. 3556: 3551: 3549: 3547: 3545: 3543: 3541: 3539: 3535: 3532:, p. 11. 3531: 3526: 3523: 3520:, p. 10. 3519: 3514: 3511: 3507: 3502: 3499: 3496:, p. 27. 3495: 3490: 3487: 3484:, p. 58. 3483: 3478: 3475: 3472:, p. 67. 3471: 3466: 3464: 3460: 3457:, p. 12. 3456: 3451: 3449: 3445: 3441: 3436: 3433: 3429: 3424: 3422: 3418: 3415:, p. 10. 3414: 3409: 3406: 3403:, p. 22. 3402: 3397: 3394: 3391:, p. 66. 3390: 3385: 3383: 3379: 3376:, p. 65. 3375: 3370: 3368: 3366: 3364: 3360: 3356: 3351: 3348: 3344: 3339: 3336: 3330: 3322: 3318: 3314: 3310: 3306: 3302: 3298: 3294: 3290: 3284: 3281: 3277: 3271: 3268: 3261: 3256: 3254: 3252: 3248: 3244: 3240: 3236: 3231: 3224: 3220:was hit, and 3219: 3218: 3212: 3205: 3199: 3198: 3197:Germaniawerft 3191: 3186: 3183: 3177: 3176: 3169: 3164: 3163: 3156: 3154: 3146: 3141: 3136: 3131: 3127: 3122: 3117: 3112: 3104: 3100: 3095: 3090: 3083: 3081: 3077: 3071: 3065: 3059: 3054: 3050: 3049:Atlantic Wall 3045: 3039: 3033: 3028: 3024: 3020: 3019: 3014: 3013: 3009: 3004: 2999: 2993: 2990: 2984: 2979: 2971: 2965: 2960: 2956: 2951: 2945: 2939: 2933: 2927: 2922: 2916: 2909: 2900: 2895: 2894: 2888: 2883: 2882: 2877: 2876: 2871: 2868:Rear Admiral 2863: 2858: 2854: 2851: 2846: 2842: 2837: 2832: 2831: 2825: 2820: 2819: 2813: 2807: 2801: 2799: 2798: 2793: 2789: 2784: 2778: 2772: 2766: 2760: 2755: 2751: 2750: 2745: 2744:convoy JW 51B 2741: 2737: 2731: 2723: 2721: 2719: 2715: 2711: 2706: 2700: 2695: 2694:Oskar Kummetz 2691: 2690: 2683: 2677: 2672: 2668: 2663: 2658: 2652: 2646: 2640: 2634: 2631: 2626: 2622: 2618: 2614: 2610: 2609:Novaya Zemlya 2606: 2601: 2599: 2595: 2590: 2584: 2579: 2578: 2573: 2572: 2566: 2565: 2560: 2559: 2553: 2547: 2542: 2538: 2537: 2532: 2531: 2525: 2519: 2514: 2510: 2506: 2502: 2493: 2488: 2484: 2482: 2478: 2474: 2470: 2469: 2462: 2457: 2451: 2446: 2442: 2441: 2435: 2434: 2428: 2427: 2420: 2417: 2411: 2405: 2399: 2398:Z10 Hans Lody 2393: 2388: 2383: 2378: 2374: 2373: 2368: 2364: 2363: 2358: 2357: 2352: 2351: 2346: 2341: 2335: 2330: 2326: 2325: 2319: 2314: 2313: 2307: 2306:Z10 Hans Lody 2301: 2295: 2289: 2284: 2280: 2276: 2272: 2267: 2264: 2259: 2255: 2251: 2250: 2245: 2244: 2239: 2238: 2233: 2232: 2226: 2220: 2215: 2214: 2209: 2208: 2203: 2202: 2197: 2196: 2191: 2190: 2185: 2184: 2178: 2168: 2161: 2159: 2157: 2152: 2147: 2140: 2134: 2133: 2126: 2122: 2117: 2116: 2110: 2104: 2098: 2091: 2085: 2079: 2069: 2060: 2052: 2046: 2042: 2039: 2032: 2026: 2022: 2017: 2012: 2008: 2004: 2000: 1997: 1993: 1989: 1988: 1982: 1977: 1972: 1966: 1959: 1952: 1946: 1940: 1934: 1928: 1921: 1913: 1908: 1907: 1902: 1898: 1894: 1891: 1885: 1881: 1877: 1873: 1868: 1863: 1862: 1856: 1851: 1850: 1845: 1841: 1837: 1834:By this time 1832: 1829: 1824: 1816: 1811: 1807: 1803: 1802: 1797: 1793: 1789: 1784: 1779: 1778: 1773: 1772: 1767: 1766: 1761: 1760: 1755: 1754: 1749: 1745: 1741: 1737: 1732: 1726: 1724: 1719: 1714: 1708: 1702: 1695: 1689: 1688: 1681: 1676: 1671: 1666: 1661: 1656: 1655:torpedo boats 1651: 1646: 1638: 1635: 1631: 1626: 1621: 1617: 1613: 1607: 1599: 1594: 1590: 1584: 1576: 1574: 1571: 1565: 1559: 1554: 1553:Ester Thorden 1549: 1544: 1540: 1535: 1529: 1527: 1526: 1520: 1514: 1508: 1502: 1496: 1490: 1485: 1484: 1478: 1474: 1470: 1465: 1459: 1451: 1446: 1442: 1439: 1434: 1433: 1428: 1427: 1422: 1421: 1416: 1411: 1405: 1399: 1393: 1388: 1383: 1378: 1373: 1368: 1363: 1358: 1357: 1351: 1346: 1345: 1338: 1332: 1327: 1326: 1321: 1320: 1319:Z10 Hans Lody 1315: 1314: 1308: 1302: 1296: 1291: 1285: 1277: 1275: 1273: 1268: 1263: 1258: 1252: 1246: 1240: 1234: 1228: 1222: 1216: 1209: 1202: 1197: 1192: 1190: 1185: 1180: 1175: 1170: 1161: 1156: 1152: 1149: 1143: 1138: 1137: 1132: 1128: 1124: 1119: 1113: 1107: 1099: 1091: 1086: 1078: 1072: 1067: 1063: 1058: 1053: 1052: 1045: 1039: 1034: 1033: 1027: 1022: 1020: 1015: 1009: 1004: 1003:Wilhelmshaven 1000: 997: 993: 989: 985: 982: 978: 974: 973: 968: 967: 962: 961: 956: 955: 950: 945: 937: 932: 927: 922: 914: 912: 910: 906: 905: 900: 896: 895: 890: 889: 885: 881: 880: 875: 874: 870: 866: 861: 855: 852: 848: 844: 840: 835: 830: 829:Hellmuth Heye 825: 824: 818: 816: 812: 808: 804: 800: 795: 794: 787: 782: 778: 773: 767: 759: 754: 749: 742: 740: 738: 734: 728: 722: 719: 711: 706: 703: 699: 695: 687: 682: 680: 676: 672: 668: 663: 657: 652: 647: 644: 639: 635: 632:(10,160 631: 627: 623: 619: 616: 612: 608: 606: 596: 590: 585: 577: 575: 573: 569: 565: 561: 557: 553: 548: 543: 539: 535: 530: 528: 527: 522: 521: 515: 514: 509: 508: 503: 499: 495: 491: 487: 482: 477: 473: 472: 466: 462: 458: 453: 448: 446: 442: 438: 434: 430: 427: 426:battlecruiser 423: 420: 415: 410: 406: 402: 397: 396: 390: 386: 382: 380: 375: 371: 369: 359: 355: 352: 351: 347: 344: 343: 337: 334: 331: 328: 325: 322: 321: 320: 317: 316: 311: 310:torpedo tubes 307: 305: 301: 299: 295: 293: 289: 287: 283: 282: 281: 278: 277: 271: 268: 267: 266: 263: 262: 258: 254: 251: 250: 245: 241: 239: 235: 234: 233: 230: 229: 225: 221: 218:132,000 217: 214: 213: 209: 206: 205: 201: 198: 197: 194: 190: 187: 186: 180: 177: 174: 170: 166: 163: 162: 161: 158: 157: 154: 151: 149: 145: 142: 141: 136: 132: 129: 128: 125:29 April 1939 124: 121: 120: 116: 113: 112: 108: 105: 104: 101: 97: 94: 91: 90: 87: 83: 80: 79: 75: 71: 68: 67: 63: 51: 46: 40: 34: 29: 26: 22: 8049: 7994: 7988: 7978: 7968: 7957: 7946: 7940: 7933: 7922: 7915: 7904: 7897: 7887: 7880: 7873: 7862: 7855: 7844: 7837: 7826: 7804: 7798: 7788: 7778: 7767: 7760: 7748: 7743: 7731: 7722: 7710: 7704: 7698: 7688: 7682: 7676: 7670: 7664: 7658: 7652: 7642: 7637: 7631: 7620: 7614: 7608: 7597: 7591: 7585: 7579: 7573: 7567: 7561: 7555: 7549: 7543: 7537: 7531: 7525: 7519: 7513: 7507: 7501: 7495: 7489: 7483: 7477: 7471: 7465: 7459: 7453: 7447: 7441: 7435: 7429: 7423: 7417: 7411: 7405: 7399: 7393: 7387: 7381: 7375: 7369: 7363: 7357: 7351: 7345: 7339: 7333: 7327: 7321: 7315: 7309: 7303: 7297: 7291: 7285: 7279: 7273: 7267: 7261: 7255: 7249: 7243: 7237: 7231: 7225: 7219: 7213: 7207: 7201: 7195: 7183: 7177: 7171: 7165: 7159: 7153: 7147: 7141: 7135: 7129: 7123: 7117: 7111: 7105: 7099: 7093: 7087: 7081: 7075: 7069: 7064: 7056: 7051: 7044: 7037: 7030: 7016: 7010: 7004: 6998: 6992: 6986: 6980: 6974: 6968: 6962: 6956: 6950: 6944: 6938: 6932: 6926: 6920: 6914: 6908: 6902: 6896: 6890: 6884: 6878: 6872: 6866: 6860: 6854: 6848: 6842: 6836: 6830: 6824: 6818: 6812: 6806: 6800: 6794: 6788: 6782: 6776: 6770: 6764: 6758: 6752: 6746: 6740: 6734: 6728: 6722: 6716: 6710: 6704: 6698: 6692: 6686: 6680: 6674: 6668: 6662: 6656: 6651: 6644: 6638: 6632: 6626: 6620: 6614: 6608: 6602: 6596: 6590: 6584: 6578: 6572: 6566: 6560: 6554: 6548: 6542: 6536: 6530: 6524: 6518: 6512: 6506: 6500: 6494: 6488: 6482: 6476: 6470: 6465: 6458: 6452: 6446: 6441: 6435: 6428: 6421: 6413: 6408: 6402: 6396: 6383: 6377: 6371: 6365: 6359: 6353: 6347: 6341: 6335: 6329: 6323: 6317: 6311: 6305: 6299: 6293: 6287: 6281: 6275: 6269: 6263: 6257: 6251: 6245: 6239: 6233: 6227: 6221: 6215: 6209: 6203: 6197: 6191: 6185: 6179: 6173: 6167: 6161: 6155: 6149: 6143: 6137: 6131: 6125: 6120: 6113: 6112: 6101: 6095: 6089: 6083: 5993: 5984: 5977: 5970:Modern ships 5959: 5951: 5944: 5937: 5930: 5923: 5916: 5898: 5892: (2001) 5889: 5883: (1955) 5880: 5872: 5864: 5852: 5844: 5836: 5828: 5820: 5812: 5793: (1958) 5790: 5783: 5777: (1933) 5774: 5767: 5760: 5753: 5746: 5739: 5701: 5694: 5693: 5676: 5668: 5660: 5652: 5645:Von der Tann 5644: 5636: 5565: 5557: 5541: 5536: 5530: 5500: 5493: 5486: 5479: 5472: 5471: 5462:Kriegsmarine 5461: 5441: 5392: 5366: 5344: 5325: 5306: 5284: 5265: 5246: 5227: 5208: 5187: 5166: 5162: 5143: 5124: 5105: 5083: 5064: 5045: 5041: 5022: 5003: 4984: 4963: 4951: 4939: 4927: 4915: 4903: 4859: 4847: 4835: 4806: 4794: 4782: 4770: 4758: 4746: 4687: 4675: 4663: 4651: 4639: 4612: 4600: 4588: 4576: 4564: 4552: 4540: 4528: 4499: 4487: 4475: 4463: 4436: 4424: 4412: 4400: 4388: 4376: 4364: 4337: 4325: 4313: 4286: 4274: 4262: 4250: 4238: 4226: 4214: 4202: 4190: 4178: 4166: 4154: 4142: 4130: 4118: 4106: 4065: 4053: 4041: 4029: 3998: 3986: 3974: 3962: 3950: 3911: 3899: 3887: 3860: 3848: 3836: 3824: 3812: 3800: 3788: 3776: 3764: 3752: 3740: 3728: 3716: 3704: 3692: 3680: 3649: 3622: 3610: 3598: 3586: 3574: 3562: 3525: 3513: 3501: 3489: 3477: 3435: 3408: 3396: 3357:, p. 9. 3350: 3338: 3320: 3316: 3312: 3308: 3304: 3300: 3296: 3292: 3288: 3283: 3270: 3216: 3187: 3161: 3157: 3108: 3044:Kriegsmarine 3035:and damaged 3026: 3022: 3017: 3011: 2997: 2994: 2977: 2958: 2954: 2920: 2892: 2880: 2874: 2867: 2861: 2840: 2829: 2817: 2802: 2796: 2791: 2787: 2748: 2733: 2713: 2709: 2670: 2666: 2635: 2624: 2620: 2616: 2612: 2602: 2597: 2593: 2576: 2570: 2563: 2557: 2540: 2535: 2529: 2505:convoy PQ-18 2498: 2467: 2444: 2439: 2432: 2426:Duke of York 2425: 2421: 2375:coming from 2371: 2366: 2361: 2355: 2349: 2344: 2328: 2323: 2311: 2271:convoy PQ 17 2268: 2254:convoy PQ 12 2248: 2242: 2236: 2230: 2212: 2206: 2200: 2194: 2188: 2182: 2173: 2127: 2114: 2097:Kriegsmarine 2064: 2059:Arado Ar 196 2024: 2020: 2011:convoy HG 53 1986: 1927:Kriegsmarine 1923: 1905: 1900: 1860: 1848: 1835: 1833: 1809: 1805: 1800: 1791: 1787: 1776: 1770: 1764: 1758: 1752: 1734:, using her 1727: 1642: 1586: 1564:Dithmarschen 1552: 1531:On 25 July, 1530: 1524: 1504:to Germany, 1482: 1455:On 10 June, 1454: 1449: 1431: 1425: 1419: 1398:Dithmarschen 1386: 1379:. At 10:52, 1376: 1366: 1355: 1349: 1344:Dithmarschen 1324: 1318: 1312: 1287: 1271: 1262:cubic meters 1193: 1166: 1135: 1097: 1084: 1065: 1061: 1050: 1031: 1023: 976: 971: 965: 959: 953: 940: 903: 893: 887: 878: 872: 856: 851:World War II 819: 799:Erich Raeder 786:Kriegsmarine 779:shipyard in 772:Kriegsmarine 763: 733:Arado Ar 196 723: 718:armored belt 707: 700:, placed in 683: 656:long overall 648: 604: 601: 534:Adolf Hitler 531: 525: 519: 512: 506: 498:Soviet Union 470: 449: 407:shipyard in 401:World War II 395:Kriegsmarine 389:Nazi Germany 378: 365: 364: 159:Displacement 147: 122:Commissioned 62:Nazi Germany 25: 7874:Bunker Hill 7789:Tenryo Maru 6409:Deutschland 5782:USCGC 5768:Dar Pomorza 5677:Derfflinger 5637:Scharnhorst 5558:Deutschland 5521:Soviet Navy 5487:Prinz Eugen 3053:Karl Dönitz 3008:minesweeper 2754:Bear Island 2689:Vizeadmiral 2569:HNoMS 2387:Tjeldsundet 2231:Prinz Eugen 2158:to Russia. 2078:Scharnhorst 1965:Scharnhorst 1933:Scharnhorst 1759:Bonaventure 1725:and Spain. 1713:West Africa 1539:Spitzbergen 1501:Scharnhorst 1489:Scharnhorst 1438:Scharnhorst 1404:Scharnhorst 1377:Oil Pioneer 1350:Oil Pioneer 1301:Scharnhorst 1245:Scharnhorst 1215:Scharnhorst 1142:Scharnhorst 1127:Vestfjorden 1112:Scharnhorst 1008:Scharnhorst 873:Scharnhorst 869:battleships 807:World War I 793:Großadmiral 758:fitting-out 698:gun turrets 574:near Kiel. 542:Karl Dönitz 443:, actually 431:during the 269:42 officers 109:6 July 1935 8072:1937 ships 8056:Categories 8028:April 1945 7863:Oberrender 7838:Formidable 7827:Aaron Ward 7805:Uzbekistan 7038:LSM(R)-194 7031:LSM(R)-190 6436:LSM(R)-195 6403:Cap Arcona 6074:Shipwrecks 5952:Lady Moura 5821:Cap Arcona 5791:Gorch Fock 5775:Gorch Fock 5732:Tall ships 5621:Blohm+Voss 5146:. Casell. 4977:References 4896:Williamson 4828:Williamson 4456:Williamson 4405:Williamson 4393:Bredemeier 4099:Williamson 3943:Williamson 3853:Bredemeier 3781:Bredemeier 3673:Williamson 3627:Bredemeier 3603:Bredemeier 3555:Williamson 3530:Williamson 3518:Williamson 3506:Williamson 3455:Williamson 3343:Williamson 3301:Shrewsbury 3130:Gotenhafen 3051:. Admiral 2445:Victorious 2440:Victorious 2433:Washington 2151:degaussing 1918:See also: 1903:firing at 1798:transport 1131:Royal Navy 884:destroyers 839:Baltic Sea 615:Nazi Party 330:Armor deck 264:Complement 244:propellers 231:Propulsion 8041:June 1945 7967:USS 7956:USS 7941:Spectacle 7939:USS 7932:USS 7921:USS 7914:USS 7903:HMS 7886:USS 7879:USS 7872:USS 7861:USS 7854:USS 7843:USS 7836:HMS 7825:USS 7777:USS 7766:USS 7759:USS 7721:USS 7706:Hatsutaka 7638:Sneland I 7063:USS 7050:USS 7043:USS 7036:USS 7029:USS 6454:Schlesien 6434:USS 6427:USS 6420:USS 6119:USS 5992:NRP 5897:HMT 5811:RMS 5720:Type XXVI 5712:Type XVII 5675:SMS 5667:SMS 5659:SMS 5651:SMS 5643:SMS 5635:SMS 4956:Brennecke 4864:Brennecke 4692:Brennecke 4381:Brennecke 4369:Brennecke 4342:Brennecke 4330:Brennecke 4318:Brennecke 4306:Brennecke 4279:Brennecke 4255:Brennecke 4231:Brennecke 4207:Brennecke 4195:Brennecke 4183:Brennecke 4111:Brennecke 4070:Brennecke 4058:Brennecke 4046:Brennecke 4034:Brennecke 3991:Brennecke 3979:Brennecke 3955:Brennecke 3865:Brennecke 3841:Brennecke 3829:Brennecke 3805:Brennecke 3793:Brennecke 3769:Brennecke 3757:Brennecke 3745:Sivertsen 3733:Brennecke 3709:Brennecke 3697:Brennecke 3654:Brennecke 3440:Brennecke 3428:Brennecke 3331:Citations 3317:Lornaston 3313:Borgestad 3305:Derrynane 3257:Footnotes 3243:Greenwich 2978:Sheffield 2955:Sheffield 2921:Sheffield 2875:Sheffield 2862:Sheffield 2752:south of 2513:Altafjord 2466:HMS 2438:HMS 2431:USS 2424:HMS 2283:Altafjord 2084:Gneisenau 2007:Luftwaffe 1999:La Spezia 1971:Gneisenau 1951:Gneisenau 1939:Gneisenau 1906:Borgestad 1806:Arabistan 1665:Jan Mayen 1519:Gneisenau 1513:Gneisenau 1483:Ark Royal 1481:HMS 1464:Gneisenau 1450:Ark Royal 1418:HMS 1410:Gneisenau 1372:Gneisenau 1307:Gneisenau 1251:Gneisenau 1148:Gneisenau 1118:Gneisenau 1049:HMS 1026:Skagerrak 1014:Gneisenau 999:roadstead 988:Trondheim 981:Wehrmacht 879:Gneisenau 775:from the 520:Sheffield 518:HMS 469:HMS 461:Trondheim 445:displaced 374:lead ship 222:(98 179:Full load 173:long tons 106:Laid down 7979:Hebrides 7976:31 May: 7969:Shubrick 7965:29 May: 7954:26 May: 7930:25 May: 7923:Thatcher 7912:20 May: 7905:Terrapin 7895:19 May: 7870:11 May: 7845:Sangamon 7796:31 May: 7786:29 May: 7775:28 May: 7757:25 May: 7740:24 May: 7730:20 May: 7723:Longshaw 7719:18 May: 7697:16 May: 7052:Morrison 6466:Thielbek 6448:Nordland 6121:Thornton 5960:Savarona 5958:MV 5890:Explorer 5888:MV 5879:MV 5871:MV 5845:Pretoria 5843:TS 5835:SS 5827:SS 5819:SS 5813:Majestic 5716:Type XXI 5708:Type VII 5702:Bismarck 5669:Seydlitz 5494:Seydlitz 5365:(2003). 5305:(2005). 5104:(1990). 4920:Hastings 4908:Hastings 3321:Kaliiopi 3293:Westbury 3027:Obdurate 3023:Obedient 2893:Obedient 2818:Obdurate 2718:Kaafjord 2577:Unshaken 2468:Unshaken 2279:B-Dienst 2057:s three 2021:Iceland. 1987:Spichern 1687:B-Dienst 1637:Spitfire 1420:Glorious 1272:Glowworm 1098:Glowworm 1085:Glowworm 1066:Glowworm 1062:Glowworm 1051:Glowworm 1001:outside 996:Schillig 992:Cuxhaven 949:flagship 936:Cuxhaven 882:and the 737:catapult 630:long-ton 564:moorings 560:scuttled 538:scrapped 488:via the 471:Glowworm 429:squadron 372:was the 358:catapult 279:Armament 171:(15,910 114:Launched 84:Admiral 81:Namesake 7958:PC-1603 7898:Kashima 7856:England 7852:9 May: 7834:4 May: 7823:3 May: 7779:Drexler 7768:LSM-135 7651:8 May: 7629:7 May: 7607:6 May: 7193:5 May: 7026:4 May: 6422:Lagarto 6393:3 May: 6110:2 May: 6082:1 May: 6011:Elbe 17 6004:Related 5931:Eclipse 5853:Windhuk 5761:Priwall 5723:U-boats 5537:Tallinn 5480:Blücher 4968:Showell 4787:Murfett 3494:Philbin 3309:Perseus 3289:Warlaby 3276:caliber 3012:Bramble 2998:Achates 2959:Jamaica 2881:Jamaica 2841:Achates 2830:Achates 2705:Donbass 2558:Tribune 2546:Tirpitz 2450:Tirpitz 2294:Tirpitz 2256:during 2249:Tirpitz 2237:Trident 2048:One of 1996:bombard 1992:Force H 1810:Berwick 1792:Berwick 1788:Berwick 1771:Furious 1765:Dunedin 1753:Berwick 1639:in 1941 1367:Juniper 1356:Juniper 1290:Harstad 1125:in the 1123:Lofoten 843:Estonia 815:clipper 781:Hamburg 760:in 1937 756:during 671:boilers 640:". The 526:Jamaica 513:Bramble 507:Achates 486:Germany 463:during 419:Admiral 409:Hamburg 399:during 376:of the 193:overall 153:cruiser 100:Hamburg 92:Builder 48:History 42:in 1939 7995:U-1197 7989:Nymphe 7700:Haguro 7690:U-3503 7684:U-3030 7678:U-2538 7672:U-2365 7644:U-1407 7622:U-3523 7599:U-4710 7593:U-4707 7587:U-4704 7581:U-4703 7575:U-4702 7569:U-4701 7563:U-3529 7557:U-3528 7551:U-3527 7545:U-3526 7539:U-3524 7533:U-3510 7527:U-3501 7521:U-3044 7515:U-3022 7509:U-3015 7503:U-2551 7497:U-2544 7491:U-2541 7485:U-2525 7479:U-2522 7473:U-2517 7467:U-2507 7461:U-2369 7455:U-2368 7449:U-2367 7443:U-2366 7437:U-2364 7431:U-2362 7425:U-2360 7419:U-2358 7413:U-2357 7407:U-2352 7401:U-2349 7395:U-2347 7389:U-2346 7383:U-2343 7377:U-2339 7371:U-2333 7365:U-1405 7359:U-1306 7353:U-1234 7347:U-1223 7341:U-1207 7335:U-1204 7329:U-1193 7323:U-1162 7317:U-1056 7311:U-1025 7305:U-1016 7299:U-1008 7185:U-4711 7179:U-4709 7173:U-3034 7167:U-3033 7161:U-2540 7155:U-2338 7149:U-1304 7143:U-1303 7137:U-1168 7131:U-1161 7125:U-1132 7065:PGM-17 7012:U-4712 7006:U-4705 7000:U-3530 6994:U-3525 6988:U-3518 6982:U-3513 6976:U-3511 6970:U-3509 6964:U-3507 6958:U-3040 6952:U-3039 6946:U-3038 6940:U-3037 6934:U-3032 6928:U-3031 6922:U-3029 6916:U-3028 6910:U-3027 6904:U-3026 6898:U-3025 6892:U-3024 6886:U-3023 6880:U-3014 6874:U-3013 6868:U-3012 6862:U-3011 6856:U-3010 6850:U-3005 6844:U-3001 6838:U-2552 6832:U-2548 6826:U-2546 6820:U-2545 6814:U-2543 6808:U-2539 6802:U-2536 6796:U-2535 6790:U-2534 6784:U-2533 6778:U-2524 6772:U-2521 6766:U-2520 6760:U-2519 6754:U-2512 6748:U-2508 6742:U-2504 6736:U-2503 6730:U-2501 6724:U-2371 6718:U-2355 6712:U-2332 6706:U-2330 6700:U-1275 6694:U-1227 6688:U-1210 6682:U-1205 6676:U-1201 6670:U-1196 6664:U-1192 6658:U-1170 6652:U-1166 6442:Medusa 6429:Little 6397:Arcona 6385:U-3522 6379:U-3521 6373:U-3517 6367:U-3516 6361:U-3504 6355:U-3021 6349:U-3020 6343:U-3019 6337:U-3018 6331:U-3016 6325:U-3002 6319:U-2531 6313:U-2528 6307:U-2527 6301:U-2526 6295:U-2510 6289:U-2359 6283:U-2327 6277:U-1308 6271:U-1007 6103:U-3009 6097:U-3006 5945:Grille 5938:Enigma 5881:Aurora 5837:France 5829:Europa 5754:Peking 5747:Passat 5661:Moltke 5653:Goeben 5542:Lützow 5518: 5501:Lützow 5458: 5399: 5373: 5351: 5332: 5313: 5291: 5272: 5253: 5234: 5215: 5196: 5173: 5150: 5131: 5112: 5090: 5071: 5052: 5029: 5010: 4991: 4944:Rohwer 4879:Breyer 4852:Rohwer 4840:Rohwer 4739:Miller 4724:Rohwer 4707:Miller 4680:Rohwer 4668:Rohwer 4656:Rohwer 4632:Rohwer 4617:Rohwer 4545:Bekker 4521:Rohwer 4492:Bekker 4468:Rohwer 4441:Rohwer 4429:Rohwer 4357:Rohwer 4291:Rohwer 4267:Rohwer 4243:Rohwer 4219:Bekker 4171:Rohwer 4123:Rohwer 4022:Rohwer 4003:Bekker 3916:Rohwer 3904:Breyer 3892:Rohwer 3880:Rohwer 3817:Rohwer 3579:Rohwer 3567:Rohwer 3470:Gröner 3413:Breyer 3389:Gröner 3374:Gröner 3126:cadets 3116:Pillau 3103:VE Day 3025:, and 3018:Onslow 2989:Lützow 2964:Lützow 2950:Lützow 2938:Lützow 2812:Lützow 2794:, and 2765:Lützow 2740:JW 51A 2679:, and 2623:, and 2564:Tigris 2552:Lützow 2471:and a 2382:Lützow 2377:Narvik 2334:Lützow 2243:Lützow 2210:, and 2192:, and 2003:U-boat 1948:, but 1849:Jaguar 1723:Azores 1660:Wollin 1543:Tromsø 1432:Acasta 1426:Ardent 1387:Orama. 1136:Renown 969:, and 899:Bergen 847:Sweden 578:Design 494:Norway 336:Turret 188:Length 165:Normal 150:-class 7934:Barry 7916:Chase 7881:Evans 7799:I-361 7761:Bates 7750:U-979 7733:U-963 7712:U-287 7666:U-382 7660:U-320 7616:U-881 7610:U-853 7293:U-999 7287:U-827 7281:U-794 7275:U-750 7269:U-746 7263:U-733 7257:U-579 7251:U-534 7245:U-397 7239:U-370 7233:U-351 7227:U-349 7221:U-290 7215:U-236 7119:U-904 7113:U-793 7107:U-792 7101:U-721 7095:U-711 7089:U-393 7083:U-267 7058:Orion 6646:U-958 6640:U-924 6634:U-922 6628:U-903 6622:U-876 6616:U-828 6610:U-822 6604:U-795 6598:U-748 6592:U-747 6586:U-708 6580:U-704 6574:U-560 6568:U-475 6562:U-446 6556:U-428 6550:U-339 6544:U-328 6538:U-101 6415:Emden 6265:U-929 6259:U-717 6253:U-612 6247:U-554 6241:U-552 6235:U-316 6229:U-152 6223:U-151 6217:U-148 6211:U-146 6205:U-142 6199:U-141 6193:U-140 6187:U-139 6181:U-137 6175:U-121 6169:U-120 6091:TA 43 5987:class 5978:Aradu 5924:Dubai 5784:Eagle 5740:Pamir 5560:class 5165:[ 5044:[ 3685:Dildy 3615:Dildy 3262:Notes 3249:near 3217:Emden 3149:' 2974:' 2903:' 2749:U-354 2710:BO-78 2571:Uredd 2475:from 2109:Thorn 2072:' 2055:' 1861:Jumna 1840:Brest 1819:' 1777:Argus 1670:Adria 1630:Brest 1602:' 1525:Clyde 1471:from 1375:sank 1365:sank 1101:' 1094:' 1081:' 714:' 690:' 675:knots 607:class 381:class 318:Armor 296:12 × 290:12 × 257:knots 252:Speed 207:Draft 8024:1946 8016:1945 8008:1944 7654:U-37 7209:U-38 7203:U-17 7077:U-46 7071:U-30 7045:Luce 6532:U-59 6526:U-58 6520:U-57 6514:U-52 6508:U-48 6502:UD-4 6496:UD-3 6490:UD-2 6484:UD-1 6460:TA22 6163:U-72 6157:U-71 6151:U-62 6145:U-61 6139:U-60 6133:U-14 6085:Argo 5718:and 5566:None 5540:(ex- 5397:ISBN 5371:ISBN 5349:ISBN 5330:ISBN 5311:ISBN 5289:ISBN 5270:ISBN 5251:ISBN 5232:ISBN 5213:ISBN 5194:ISBN 5171:ISBN 5148:ISBN 5129:ISBN 5110:ISBN 5088:ISBN 5069:ISBN 5050:ISBN 5027:ISBN 5008:ISBN 4989:ISBN 4799:Pope 4775:Pope 4763:Pope 4751:Pope 4644:Kemp 4593:Kemp 4581:Kemp 4569:Kemp 4504:Kemp 4480:Kemp 4417:Kemp 3251:Kiel 3099:Kiel 3084:Fate 3070:Köln 2986:and 2957:and 2878:and 2648:and 2596:and 2549:and 2539:and 2530:Köln 2429:and 2413:and 2401:and 2369:and 2337:and 2327:and 2315:and 2228:and 2081:and 2005:and 1968:and 1936:and 1924:The 1884:Flak 1878:and 1774:and 1762:and 1736:DeTe 1541:and 1510:and 1475:and 1461:and 1429:and 1407:and 1354:HMT 1328:and 1304:and 1248:and 1179:Eide 1145:and 1115:and 1011:and 891:and 876:and 845:and 811:stem 602:The 556:Kiel 523:and 324:Belt 302:8 × 284:8 × 242:3 × 199:Beam 130:Fate 69:Name 7742:HM 7197:T36 7018:Z43 6127:U-8 5851:TS 3241:in 3162:T36 3128:in 2923:as 2797:Z31 2792:Z30 2788:Z29 2714:Z27 2671:Z30 2667:Z27 2625:Z30 2621:Z29 2617:Z28 2613:Z23 2603:In 2598:Z30 2594:Z29 2541:Z27 2536:Z23 2367:Z30 2362:Z29 2356:Z28 2350:Z27 2345:Z24 2329:T15 2213:T17 2207:T16 2201:T15 2195:Z30 2189:Z26 2183:Z24 1974:to 1842:in 1796:GRT 1634:PRU 977:KzS 636:) " 609:of 391:'s 383:of 255:32 220:shp 8058:: 7992:, 7944:, 7937:, 7919:, 7901:, 7884:, 7877:, 7859:, 7841:, 7802:, 7764:, 7747:, 7709:, 7703:, 7687:, 7681:, 7675:, 7669:, 7663:, 7657:, 7641:, 7635:, 7619:, 7613:, 7596:, 7590:, 7584:, 7578:, 7572:, 7566:, 7560:, 7554:, 7548:, 7542:, 7536:, 7530:, 7524:, 7518:, 7512:, 7506:, 7500:, 7494:, 7488:, 7482:, 7476:, 7470:, 7464:, 7458:, 7452:, 7446:, 7440:, 7434:, 7428:, 7422:, 7416:, 7410:, 7404:, 7398:, 7392:, 7386:, 7380:, 7374:, 7368:, 7362:, 7356:, 7350:, 7344:, 7338:, 7332:, 7326:, 7320:, 7314:, 7308:, 7302:, 7296:, 7290:, 7284:, 7278:, 7272:, 7266:, 7260:, 7254:, 7248:, 7242:, 7236:, 7230:, 7224:, 7218:, 7212:, 7206:, 7200:, 7182:, 7176:, 7170:, 7164:, 7158:, 7152:, 7146:, 7140:, 7134:, 7128:, 7122:, 7116:, 7110:, 7104:, 7098:, 7092:, 7086:, 7080:, 7074:, 7068:, 7061:, 7055:, 7048:, 7041:, 7034:, 7015:, 7009:, 7003:, 6997:, 6991:, 6985:, 6979:, 6973:, 6967:, 6961:, 6955:, 6949:, 6943:, 6937:, 6931:, 6925:, 6919:, 6913:, 6907:, 6901:, 6895:, 6889:, 6883:, 6877:, 6871:, 6865:, 6859:, 6853:, 6847:, 6841:, 6835:, 6829:, 6823:, 6817:, 6811:, 6805:, 6799:, 6793:, 6787:, 6781:, 6775:, 6769:, 6763:, 6757:, 6751:, 6745:, 6739:, 6733:, 6727:, 6721:, 6715:, 6709:, 6703:, 6697:, 6691:, 6685:, 6679:, 6673:, 6667:, 6661:, 6655:, 6649:, 6643:, 6637:, 6631:, 6625:, 6619:, 6613:, 6607:, 6601:, 6595:, 6589:, 6583:, 6577:, 6571:, 6565:, 6559:, 6553:, 6547:, 6541:, 6535:, 6529:, 6523:, 6517:, 6511:, 6505:, 6499:, 6493:, 6487:, 6481:, 6478:UB 6475:, 6472:UA 6469:, 6463:, 6457:, 6451:, 6445:, 6439:, 6432:, 6425:, 6418:, 6412:, 6406:, 6400:, 6382:, 6376:, 6370:, 6364:, 6358:, 6352:, 6346:, 6340:, 6334:, 6328:, 6322:, 6316:, 6310:, 6304:, 6298:, 6292:, 6286:, 6280:, 6274:, 6268:, 6262:, 6256:, 6250:, 6244:, 6238:, 6232:, 6226:, 6220:, 6214:, 6208:, 6202:, 6196:, 6190:, 6184:, 6178:, 6172:, 6166:, 6160:, 6154:, 6148:, 6142:, 6136:, 6130:, 6124:, 6117:, 6100:, 6094:, 6088:, 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Knowledge (XXG)

German cruiser Admiral Hipper

Index