354:(1833 – 1911) was a historian, psychologist, sociologist, and philosopher, who held Hegel's Chair in Philosophy at the University of Berlin. Is best known for his philosophy of history, whereby he distinguished the humanities from the physical sciences. A lifelong concern was to establish a proper theoretical and methodological foundation for the "human sciences" (e.g. history, law, literary criticism), distinct from, but equally "scientific" as, the "natural sciences" (e.g. physics, chemistry). He suggested that all human experience divides naturally into two parts: that of the surrounding natural world, in which "objective necessity" rules, and that of inner experience, characterized by sovereignty of the will, personal responsibility for one's actions, an ability to subject everything to reasoning and to protect one's own autonomy. Historians used his approach to rebuff arguments that history was not fully "scientific."
133:
Christianity added a positive spirit to the Roman idea of freedom, but during the Middle Ages, according to Hegel, tight Church control led to stagnation. The breakthrough for freedom came during the
Renaissance, and especially during the Reformation. Hegel concludes that the constitutional monarchy of the Germanic and Scandinavian states, and Britain, represents so far the highest stage of freedom. He dismisses democracy as a step backward. He uses a three-stage approach: the status quo is the "thesis", the challenge to it (as represented by Socrates, Christianity, and Luther) is the "antithesis" with the outcome being a synthesis at a higher stage of development of freedom.
102:
529:), in two volumes in 1918 and 1922, covering all of world history. The book was widely translated and carried the pessimistic implication that Western Civilization was now in irreversible decline, a timely theme in the aftermath of the horrors of the Great War. It had an enormous impact on intellectuals across the world in the 1920s, but its unusually broad sweeping interpretations of all of past history had little direct influence on the scholarship of working historians in Germany.
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565:. Instead of emphasizing the personalities of great leaders history, as in the conventional approach, it concentrates on socio-cultural developments. History as "historical social science" (as Wehler described it) has mainly been explored in the context of studies of German society in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The movement has published the scholarly journal
265:, Ranke used an unusually wide variety of sources for a historian of the age, including "memoirs, diaries, personal and formal missives, government documents, diplomatic dispatches and first-hand accounts of eye-witnesses". Over a career that spanned much of the century, Ranke set the standards for much of later historical writing, introducing such ideas as reliance on
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1744:(2003); covers older nationalist, socialist, and liberal master narratives; includes newer themes of annihilationist warfare, complicity with dictatorship, the taming of power, the impact of migration, the struggle over national identity, womanhood, and the development of consumption & popular culture.
258:(1795-1886) at Berlin was the pivotal influence in this regard, and was the founder of modern source-based history. According to Caroline Hoefferle, "Ranke was probably the most important historian to shape historical profession as it emerged in Europe and the United States in the late 19th century."
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approach, and could not be equated with the crimes of Soviet communism. The former were accused by their critics of downplaying Nazi crimes, while the latter were accused by their critics of downplaying Soviet crimes. The debate attracted much media attention in West
Germany, with its participants'
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as it challenged the view that Hitler was an aberration by emphasizing the continuity in German foreign policy in 1914 and 1939. The book was also controversial for challenging the established view that
Germany did not bear the primary responsibility for outbreak of the war, the so-called "war guilt
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For a long time, educated
Germans answered it in the positive, initially by laying claim to a special German mission, then, after the collapse of 1945, by criticizing Germany's deviation from the West. Today, the negative view is predominant. Germany did not, according to the now prevailing opinion,
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was presented by Wehler and his
Bielefeld School as the way to transform "traditional" German history, that is, national political history, centered on a few "great men," into an integrated and comparative history of German society encompassing societal structures outside politics. Wehler drew upon
326:
in the 19th century. Historians emphasize the cultural, linguistic, religious and ethnic roots of the nation, leading to a strong support for their own government on the part of many ethnic groups, especially the
Germans and Italians. It had a profound impact on Germany, providing strong widespread
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Ranke also rejected the 'teleological approach' to history, which traditionally viewed each period as inferior to the period which follows. In Ranke's view, the historian had to understand a period on its own terms, and seek to find only the general ideas which animated every period of history. In
132:
Hegel's main historical enterprise was to study the emergence of the idea of freedom. Starting with China and India, which gave a very limited scope to freedom, he moves to ancient Persia and Greece, which had much more sophisticated views, and then to Rome, which added a policy of rule by law.
226:
in his intellectual presuppositions, his use of philological analysis, and his emphasis on both general and particular phenomena in history. He emphasized use of the techniques that philologist had used to study ancient documents, stressing that historical research had to be based primarily on
342:(1808 – 1884) moved from his original interest in Rome to the history of Prussia, He was perhaps most influential for his consideration of the nature of historiography, making a strong case for the autonomy of history regardless of the growing prestige of the sciences.
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63:. It published many thousands of documents, both chronicle and archival, for the study of German history (broadly conceived) from the end of the Roman Empire to 1500. The MGH was founded in Hanover in 1819. The first volume appeared in 1826. The editor from 1826 was
158:
into the study of world historical development. In his conception, the economic conditions and dominant modes of production determined the structure of society at that point. In his view five successive stages in the development of material conditions would occur in
465:, in which he put forward the controversial thesis that responsibility for the outbreak of the war rested solely with Imperial Germany. That set off a long debate among historians of Europe and Germany that continues into the 21st century. He has been described by
348:(1856 – 1915) was the most controversial historian in Germany around 1900. His great goal was to fashion an all-embracing, scientific cultural history of the German nation, challenged the Rankean policies that had become governing tenets of German historiography.
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365:(1865–1923) were highly influential well beyond Germany. Harnack's history of early Christianity gave a liberal Protestant interpretation. Troeltsch's explored the sociology of Christian believers, which he based on the sociology of
35:. It also covers the popular memory of critical historical events, ideas and leaders, as well as the depiction of those events in museums, monuments, reenactments, pageants and historic sites, and the editing of historical documents.
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and of the consequent realization of this freedom.". This realization is seen by studying the various cultures that have developed over the millennia, and trying to understand the way that freedom has worked itself out through them:
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theory argue that proponents of the theory are guilty of seeking selective examples, and there was much contingency and chance in German history. In addition, there was much debate within the supporters of the
124:, whose theory of historical progress ran counter to Ranke's approach. In Hegel's own words, his philosophical theory of "World history... represents the development of the spirit's consciousness of its own
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differ from the great
European nations to an extent that would justify speaking of a 'unique German path.' And, in any case, no country on earth ever took what can be described as the 'normal path.'
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210:(1776 – 1831) became Germany's leading historian of Ancient Rome and a founding father of modern scholarly historiography. By 1810 Niebuhr was inspiring German patriotism in students at the
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Specifically, he implemented the seminar teaching method in his classroom, and focused on archival research and analysis of historical documents. Beginning with his first book in 1824, the
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Fischer argued that
Germany had a policy of deliberately provoking war during July 1914 and that during the war Germany developed a set of annexationist war aims similar to those of
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that "No serious German historian today can venture to pit himself against the evidence compiled by the
Fischer school." Fischer inspired several disciples, including the historian
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391:, the alleged "special path" that separated German history from the normal course of historical development, and whether or not Nazi Germany was the inevitable result of the
496:. However, Fischer was ridiculed by conservative German historians who created a backlash against his ideas. The most notable critic was conservative historian and patriot
277:). Sources had to be solid, not speculations and rationalizations. His credo was to write history the way it was. He insisted on primary sources with proven authenticity.
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followed the
Hegelian dialectic method, but inverting it to make material factors (especially economic factors) superior to virtual forces. Marx introduced the concept of
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Iggers, Georg G. "The Tragic Course Of German Historiography. The Political Function Of Historical Scholarship In Germany In The Nineteenth And Twentieth Centuries."
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W. J. Bossenbrook, "Justus Möser's Approach to History," in Medieval and Historiographical Essays in Honor of James Westfall Thompson (Chicago, 1938), pp 397-422.
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was a journal on the history of the German-speaking lands founded by Martin Meyer (Philemerus Irenicus Elisius) and published between 1659 and 1683 in 45 volumes.
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approach which takes a comparative approach to totalitarian states, while left-wing intellectuals argued that fascism was uniquely evil, referred to as the
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179:. Capitalism appeared after the bourgeois revolution when the capitalists (or their merchant predecessors) overthrew the feudal system and established a
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frequently giving television interviews and writing op-ed pieces in newspapers. It flared up again briefly in 2000 when one of its leading figures,
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Matthew Stibbe, "The Fischer Constrovery over German War aims in the First World War and its reception by East German Historians 1961-1989,"
580:— has been known from its beginning in the 1960s for its application of sociological and political modernization theories to German history.
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Schiller, Kay, and Christopher Young. "The history and historiography of sport in Germany: Social, cultural and political perspectives."
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Social history developed within West German historiography during the 1950s-60s as the successor to the national history discredited by
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The modern academic study of history and methods of historiography were pioneered in 19th-century German universities, especially the
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Williamson, George S. "A Religious Sonderweg? Reflections on the Sacred and the Secular in the Historiography of Modern Germany."
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1831 and at the behest of the Prussian government, Ranke founded and edited the first historical journal in the world, called
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Hull, Isabel V. "Feminist and Gender History through the Literary Looking Glass: German Historiography in Postmodern Times."
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where property was shared and there was no concept of "leadership". This progressed to a slave society where the idea of
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Sheehan, James J. "What is German history? Reflections on the role of the nation in German history and historiography."
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Peters, Edward. "More Trouble with Henry: The Historiography of Medieval Germany in the Angloliterate World, 18881995."
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Georg G. Iggers, "The image of Ranke in American and German historical thought." History and Theory 2.1 (1962): 17-40.
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Mah, Harold. "German Historical Thought in the Age of Herder, Kant, and Hegel", in Lloyd Kramer and Sarah Maza, eds.,
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of the Second Empire and the continuation of the Imperial elite into the Weimar and Nazi periods. Opponents such as
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Eley, Geoff. "Nazism, Politics and the Image of the Past: Thoughts on the West German Historikerstreit 1986–1987."
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and symbol of German national spirit that emerged after the humiliating defeat Of the German Army by Napoleon at
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Medieval Germany, 911–1250: Essays by German Historians, Translated with an Introduction by Geoffrey Barraclough
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Lees, Andrew. "Cities, Society, and Culture in Modern Germany: Recent Writings by Americans on the Großstadt."
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intellectual support for the unification achieved in 1870-71. An especially influential German historian was
71:(1813–1886) . Many eminent medievalists participated in the project, searching for and annotating documents.
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Fletcher, Roger. "Recent developments in West German Historiography: the Bielefeld School and its critics."
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Roger Fletcher, "Recent Developments in West German Historiography: the Bielefeld School and its Critics."
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Liebersohn, Harry. "German Historical Writing from Ranke to Weber." in Lloyd Kramer and Sarah Maza, eds.,
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The German Conception of History: The National Tradition of Historical Thought from Herder to the Present
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Hsia, R. Po-Chia. "The myth of the commune: Recent historiography on city and Reformation in Germany."
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Evans, Richard J. "From Hitler To Bismarck: 'Third Reich' and Kaiserreich in Recent Historiography."
1663:(5th ed. 1955), 578pp; essays on German literature, music, philosophy, art and, especially, history.
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Very precise editing of historic documents was a main concern in the 19th century, as exemplified by
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Moeller, Robert G. "War stories: the search for a usable past in the Federal Republic of Germany."
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Lorenz, Chris. "Beyond Good and Evil? The German Empire of 1871 and Modern German Historiography."
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Fischer, Lars. "Continuity and Discontinuity in Nineteenth-and Twentieth-Century German History."
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Mattheisen, Donald J. "History as Current Events: Recent Works on the German Revolution of 1848."
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was characterized by an aristocracy working in partnership with a Church and the emergence of the
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191:. Marx then predicted the eventual proletarian revolution that would result in the attainment of
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1965:
Graf, Rüdiger. "Either-or: The narrative of 'crisis' in Weimar Germany and in historiography."
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The Search for Normality: National Identity and Historical Consciousness in Germany Since 1800,
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Hagemann, Karen. "From the Margins to the Mainstream? Women's and Gender History in Germany,"
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Biography between Structure and Agency: Central European Lives in International Historiography
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using quantification and the methods of political science and sociology. The leaders include
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project begun in 1934 collects and redacts medieval and early modern inscriptions in Germany.
43:
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Iggers, Georg G. "The decline of the classical national tradition of German historiography."
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intellectuals. The positions taken by the right-wing intellectuals were largely based on the
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642:("historians' quarrel") was an intellectual and political controversy in the late 1980s in
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1686:. "German Historiography in Transatlantic Perspective: Interview with Hans-Ulrich Wehler"
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The German idea of freedom: History of a political tradition from the Reformation to 1871
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Lees, Andrew. "Historical perspectives on cities in modern Germany: recent literature."
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Fenemore, Mark. "The recent historiography of sexuality in twentieth-century Germany."
1865:
Beyond the Nation: The Relational Basis of a Comparative History of Germany and Europe"
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1976:
Jarausch, Konrad H. (1988). "Removing the Nazi stain? The quarrel of the historians".
1124:
David Knowles, "The Monumenta Germaniae Historica'." in Knowles, ed, (1963): 63-97.
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lie". Fischer also claimed that German elites had wanted war since as early as 1902.
17:
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British and German Historiography, 1750–1950: Traditions, Perceptions, and Transfers
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6940:
6915:
6910:
6809:
6763:
4566:
4213:
4035:
3734:
3183:
3141:
3070:
2807:
2692:
2646:
2634:
2577:
2543:
1683:
1082:
1077:
1062:
1022:
989:
937:
849:
803:
651:
647:
643:
501:
481:
473:
311:
242:(1795-1886) established modern methods history in history at his seminar in Berlin.
215:
176:
168:
1940:
In Hitler's Shadow: West German Historians and the Attempt to Escape the Nazi Past
85:
31:
deals with the manner in which historians have depicted, analyzed and debated the
1891:
Wehler, Hans-Ulrich. "Historiography in Germany Today." in Jürgen Habermas, ed.,
1466:
1192:
7280:
6994:
6829:
6778:
6567:
6346:
4849:
4834:
4516:
4491:
4467:
3837:
3825:
3747:
3323:
3136:
2940:
2676:
2624:
2599:
2582:
2521:
1788:
Penny, H. Glenn. "The fate of the nineteenth century in German historiography."
1752:
Paths of Continuity: Central European Historiography from the 1930s to the 1950s
1001:
971:
865:
681:
594:
109:
68:
2059:
7489:
7110:
6405:
6308:
5412:
5221:
5055:
4625:
3287:
2875:
2629:
2587:
2573:
2441:
2426:
1216:
Peter Hanns Reill, "Barthold Georg Niebuhr and the Enlightenment Tradition."
662:
1846:
Sperber, Jonathan. "Master Narratives of Nineteenth-century German History."
1673:(2 Vol 1999), 1600 pp covering major historians and themes from all countries
1640:
1343:
What Is History For? Johan Gustav Droysen and the Functions of Historiography
214:
by his analysis of Roman economy and government. Niebuhr was a leader of the
84:(1720 - 1794), was a German jurist, best known for his innovative history of
7100:
6748:
5685:
5332:
4798:
4456:
4333:
4163:
3646:
2977:
2656:
2651:
2614:
2609:
2473:
2416:
2401:
2270:
2066:
War stories: The search for a usable past in the Federal Republic of Germany
733:
675:
666:
590:
378:
366:
196:
192:
172:
151:
140:
567:
Geschichte und Gesellschaft: Zeitschrift fur Historische Sozialwissenschaft
136:
2075:
The politics of illusion: the Fischer controversy in German historiography
1881:(2010). 992 pp covers many thinkers, writers, scientists etc. since 1750;
1822:
Schulze, Winfried. "German historiography from the 1930s to the 1950s" in
6007:
5729:
4750:
2671:
2619:
2025:
1678:
Modern Germany: An Encyclopedia of History, People, and Culture 1871–1990
2207:
1176:
From Hegel to Marx: studies in the intellectual development of Karl Marx
7379:
6799:
6743:
6665:
6368:
5849:
5739:
2458:
2436:
2386:
2290:
2151:
2127:
1999:
1864:
1841:
1807:
1782:
1769:
1728:
1586:
1359:
1275:
1221:
1125:
387:
A major historiographical debate about the German history concerns the
2080:
Wehler, Hans-Ulrich. "A Guide to Future Research on the Kaiserreich?"
1930:
1698:
Rereading German History: From Unification to Reunification, 1800–1996
2891:
2468:
2381:
1991:
1779:
The American Historical Association's guide to historical literature
6634:
2049:
2015:
The Nazi Dictatorship: Problems and Perspectives of Interpretations
1600:
A European Memory?: Contested Histories and Politics of Remembrance
6738:
3526:
3423:
2406:
2107:
Urban historical geography: recent progress in Britain and Germany
2093:
292:
234:
135:
100:
48:
2226:
2411:
6638:
6546:
6491:
6123:
5650:
4723:
4712:
3355:
3098:
2862:
2501:
2335:
2230:
222:. But he was also deeply rooted in the classical spirit of the
1654:
Germany: A Reference Guide from the Renaissance to the Present
1354:
Thomas Burger, "Droysen's defense of historiography: a note."
6759:
Chronology of warfare between the Romans and Germanic peoples
1463:"The Causes of the First World War: The Fritz Fischer thesis"
1814:
Rewriting German history: new perspectives on modern Germany
1615:"Hitler Apologist Wins German Honor, and a Storm Breaks Out"
1544:
Prophet of Decline: Spengler on World History & Politics
469:
as the most important German historian of the 20th century.
1795:
Perkins, J. A. "Dualism in German Agrarian Historiography,
500:. Fischer's ideas were welcomed by historians in communist
263:
History of the Latin and Teutonic Peoples from 1494 to 1514
300:
became one of the most important German historians in the
2134:
Gendering Modern German History: Rewriting Historiography
1568:
Lorenz, Chris "Wehler, Hans-Ulrich" pages 1289–1290 from
1301:
A textbook of historiography, 500 BC to AD 2000
1708:
German History in Modern Times: Four Lives of the Nation
6168:
Professionalization and institutionalization of history
2188:
Purvis, Zachary. "Luther in German Historiography." in
650:, including their comparability with the crimes of the
6460:
Heroic theory of invention and scientific development
1570:
The Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing
1437:
The Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing
467:
The Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing
455:(1908 – 1999) was best known for his analysis of the
5308:
Awareness in Nazi Germany and German-occupied Europe
2178:
Pulzer, Peter. "New Books on German-Jewish History"
541:
is a group of German historians based originally at
432:
ended in 1945. Was there a Sonderweg? Winkler says:
7470:
7341:
7215:
7087:
7014:
6977:
6956:
6838:
6792:
6716:
6685:
6676:
6436:
6240:
6199:
5975:
5926:
5661:
5587:
5551:
5445:
5399:
5363:
5293:
5245:
5207:
5167:
5126:
5043:
4874:
4865:
4784:
4684:
4646:
4582:
4549:
4440:
4364:
4321:
4262:
4227:
4199:
4134:
4061:
3967:
3895:
3609:
3538:
3471:
3433:
3366:
3284:
3176:
3109:
2908:
2685:
2552:
2514:
2374:
2348:
2022:
The Divided Past: Rewriting Post-War German History
5268:Massacres of Poles in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia
1893:Observations on The Spiritual Situation of the Age
1435:John Moses, "Fischer, Fritz," in Kelly Boyd, ed.,
1385:Wilhelm Dilthey: The critique of historical reason
1372:Karl Lamprecht: a German academic life (1856-1915)
508:considered Fischer's views to be uncontroversial.
88:(1768) which stressed social and cultural themes.
2192:(Oxford University Press, 2017) pp. 288–304.
1671:Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writers
1487:
1485:
1483:
1411:Harnack and Troeltsch: Two historical theologians
480:. On publication, the book caused controversy in
1327:The political thought of Heinrich von Treitschke
2735:Perspectives on capitalism by school of thought
1910:Imperial Germany: A Historiographical Companion
1742:Shattered Past: Reconstructing German Histories
1465:. Blacksacademy.net. 1912-12-08. Archived from
1830:(German Historical Institute. 1994) pp 19–42.
576:. The German brand of "history of society" —
6650:
6316:Ecclesiastical history of the Catholic Church
6186:Western European colonialism and colonization
4735:
2242:
1740:Jarausch, Konrad H., and Michael Geyer, eds.
1645:Berghahn, Volker R., and Simone Lassig, eds.
488:Historian John Moses stated in his 1975 work
8:
2132:Hagemann, Karen, and Jean H. Quataert, eds.
1398:The Social Teachings of the Christian Church
199:, where property would be communally owned.
67:(1795 to 1876); in 1875 he was succeeded by
6769:Roman campaigns in Germania (12 BC – AD 16)
1797:Comparative Studies in Society and History,
908:– Bielefeld School; new social history; 19c
448:Historiography of the causes of World War I
322:took place in the 19th century, as part of
7347:
7221:
7093:
7020:
6682:
6657:
6643:
6635:
6543:
6488:
6196:
6120:
5923:
5658:
5647:
5242:
5123:
4871:
4742:
4728:
4720:
4709:
4643:
3892:
3468:
3363:
3352:
3281:
3106:
3095:
2905:
2859:
2511:
2498:
2345:
2332:
2249:
2235:
2227:
1856:Stuchtey, Benedikt, and Peter Wende, eds.
5371:Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
2105:Denecke, Dietrich, and Gareth Shaw, eds.
2039:A Companion to Western Historical Thought
1812:Rüger, Jan, and Nikolaus Wachsmann, eds.
1759:A Companion to Western Historical Thought
143:built upon Hegelian thought to introduce
6590:Historical geographic information system
1189:Karl Marx's theory of history: a defence
2008:Contesting the German Empire, 1871-1918
1918:. " The War of the German Historians."
1912:(1996), 552pp; 18 essays by specialists
1598:Pakier, Małgorzata; Stråth, Bo (2010).
1400:(2 vol. translation, Harper Row, 1960).
1117:
760:(also known as Beatus Bild) (1485–1547)
459:. In the early 1960s Fischer published
273:and especially international politics (
6230:English historical school of economics
4282:Historical Series of the Bank of Italy
1661:Germany: A Companion to German Studies
6426:Revisionist school of Islamic studies
6265:Historical reliability of the Gospels
791:20th-21st century scholars in Germany
462:Germany's Aims in the First World War
120:Another important German thinker was
7:
6618:
4243:More Irish than the Irish themselves
2190:Oxford Encyclopedia of Martin Luther
306:, and became an important figure in
5313:Functionalism–intentionalism debate
424:concept as for the reasons for the
6326:Hermeneutics of Vatican Council II
4270:Fourth Italian War of Independence
1750:, and James Van Horn Melton, eds.
1531:The Origins of the First World War
835:– Bielefeld school; social history
533:Bielefeld School of social history
25:
1413:(Wipf and Stock Publishers, 2015)
934:(1795–1881) – Frederick the Great
283:Historisch-Politische Zeitschrift
171:emerged and the State developed.
6617:
6608:
6607:
5624:
5623:
5465:Palestinian expulsion and flight
3977:5000-year civilization assertion
3553:Nadir of American race relations
1781:(Oxford University Press, 1995)
1234:The German Historicist Tradition
593:, with concepts also from Marx,
6861:German revolutions of 1848–1849
6830:Ostsiedlung (East Colonisation)
6454:Protestant Ethic and Capitalism
5328:Pope Pius XII and the Holocaust
5263:Soviets and the Warsaw Uprising
5070:Causes of the Armenian genocide
3379:Pyramid construction techniques
2946:Comparative historical research
2564:Library and information science
2046:Journal of Contemporary History
1495:. Uweb.ucsb.edu. Archived from
1263:Essential Historiography Reader
6846:Early modern period, 1500–1800
6734:List of early Germanic peoples
6466:Gunpowder and gun transmission
6416:Religionsgeschichtliche Schule
6225:Historical school of economics
6162:Nationalism in the Middle Ages
5600:Gunpowder and gun transmission
5474:Zionism as settler colonialism
4479:Limpieza de sangre controversy
3446:Metropolitan-hinterland thesis
2068:(U of California Press, 2001).
1613:Cohen, Roger (June 21, 2000).
1602:. Berghahn Books. p. 264.
1529:Joll James and Gordon Martel,
1106:Historiography of World War II
1096:Historiography of Adolf Hitler
632:Historiography of Adolf Hitler
1:
6969:History of Germany since 1990
6275:Opposition to Papal supremacy
3463:Indigenous population history
1557:Fifty key thinkers on history
1288:Fifty key thinkers on history
1205:Fifty key thinkers on history
1163:Fifty key thinkers on history
1101:Historiography of World War I
958:The Coming of the Third Reich
890:(1880 – 1936) – world history
527:Der Untergang des Abendlandes
122:Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
61:Monumenta Germaniae Historica
54:Monumenta Germaniae Historica
6191:Desacralization of knowledge
4462:Carlism in the Francoist era
4430:Holodomor in modern politics
1816:(Palgrave Macmillan, 2015).
1165:(Routledge, 2007) pp 135-43.
403:point to such events of the
6583:Historiographic metafiction
6493:Organizations, publications
6282:Proto-orthodox Christianity
5232:German resistance to Nazism
5088:Persian famine of 1917–1919
4498:Islamic revolution of Spain
4425:Holodomor genocide question
4301:Revisionism of Risorgimento
4295:Rerum italicarum scriptores
4276:Historiae Patriae Monumenta
4043:Self-Strengthening Movement
3193:decolonization of knowledge
2219:Barraclough, Geoffrey, ed.
2141:Journal of Women's History,
2100:Social and cultural history
1957:Canadian Journal of History
1922:, February 15, 1987, 16-19.
1424:Germany: The Long Road West
1232:Frederick C. Beiser (2011)
7687:
6876:North German Confederation
6856:Confederation of the Rhine
6380:Wissenschaft des Judentums
6357:Criticism of Protestantism
5237:Nazi foreign policy debate
4668:Second colonial occupation
4415:Soviet famine of 1930–1933
4053:Tibetan sovereignty debate
3597:Progressive-era historians
3032:Nationalization of history
2983:Historical-critical method
2058:101.4 (1996): 1008-1048.
2056:American Historical Review
1766:American Historical Review
1161:Marnie Hughes-Warrington,
925:Historians outside Germany
862:(1927–1992) – 1800 to 1918
764:Friedrich Carl von Savigny
629:
626:Nazi foreign policy debate
619:
445:
376:
320:nationalization of history
7671:Vergangenheitsbewältigung
7666:Historiography of Germany
7610:
7350:
7224:
7096:
7023:
6602:
6553:
6542:
6498:
6487:
6130:
6119:
5657:
5646:
5618:
5385:Second Sino-Japanese War
4760:
4719:
4708:
4190:Vergangenheitsbewältigung
3362:
3351:
3105:
3094:
2871:
2858:
2510:
2497:
2344:
2331:
2264:
2182:(1991) 24#2-3 pp: 176-86
1838:Journal of Modern History
1790:Journal of Modern History
1422:Heinrich August Winkler,
811:(1908–1999) – World War I
428:, and whether or not the
76:Die Deutschen Inschriften
39:Medieval and early modern
29:historiography of Germany
7028:Administrative divisions
6140:Crisis of historiography
5303:Auschwitz bombing debate
4989:Indian Rebellion of 1857
4840:Late Bronze Age collapse
4774:List of military museums
4377:Pre-Revolutionary Russia
4349:Polish People's Republic
4184:Sybel-Ficker controversy
3548:African-American history
3521:Colonial Spanish America
3310:Second Thirty Years' War
2180:Central European History
2173:Journal of Urban History
2166:Journal of Urban History
2159:Central European History
2148:Central European History
2082:Central European History
2077:(1975), on causes of WWI
1967:Central European History
1929:, (1988) #121: 171–208.
1920:New York Review of Books
1869:Central European History
1848:Central European History
1804:Central European History
1639:(Berghahn Books, 2007).
1518:The Politics of Illusion
1452:46#3 (2003), pp. 649–668
1248:Green and Troup (eds.),
962:The Third Reich in Power
770:German Historical School
697:Past scholars in Germany
519:(1880 – 1936) published
490:The Politics of Illusion
5253:Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact
5112:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
4663:Porter–MacKenzie debate
4420:Causes of the Holodomor
3957:Problem of two emperors
3905:Catilinarian conspiracy
3132:Historical significance
2993:Indiscipline of history
2968:Historical anthropology
2161:22#3-4 (1989): 279-300.
2150:20.3/4 (1987): 203-215
2143:(2007) 19#1 pp 193–199.
1908:Chickering, Roger, ed.
1799:(1986) 28#2 pp 287–330,
1735:German Life and Letters
954:The Third Reich Trilogy
783:Heinrich von Treitschke
716:Johann Gottfried Herder
578:Gesellschaftsgeschichte
522:The Decline of the West
442:Debate on World War One
329:Heinrich von Treitschke
298:Heinrich von Treitschke
252:University of Göttingen
189:Parliamentary democracy
7289:Science and technology
6990:History of Brandenburg
6881:Unification of Germany
6871:Frankfurt Constitution
6347:Protestant Reformation
6321:Second Vatican Council
6299:Succession to Muhammad
6294:Criticism of the Quran
6045:Religious perspectives
5779:Klemens von Metternich
5376:"Battle for Australia"
5258:Soviet offensive plans
5227:Broad vs. narrow front
5066:Late Ottoman genocides
3999:Century of humiliation
3780:Goguryeo controversies
3758:2,500-year celebration
3416:Double genocide theory
3203:Historical negationism
3027:Ancestral civilisation
3015:Historical materialism
2973:Historical determinism
2923:History of mentalities
2206:75.1 (2006): 139-156.
2020:Klessmann, Christoph.
1969:43.4 (2010): 592-615.
1959:45.3 (2010): 565-588.
1949:26#2 (1983): 485-497.
1874:, no. 1 (2003): 45–73.
1358:(1977): 16#2 168–173.
1265:(Pearson, 2011) p. 68.
966:The Third Reich at War
710:Johann Gottlieb Fichte
439:
357:In religious history,
315:
243:
208:Barthold Georg Niebuhr
163:. The first stage was
156:historical materialism
148:
145:Historical materialism
117:
56:
6926:Flight and expulsions
6471:Torsion mangonel myth
6374:Modern Jewish history
6369:Jesuit historiography
6362:Protestant work ethic
6342:Hesychast controversy
6207:Industrial Revolution
6157:Library of Alexandria
6075:The Lord of the Rings
5725:Constantine the Great
5605:Torsion mangonel myth
5537:Sri Lankan Civil War
4616:Storm over the gentry
4517:Colonies or Provinces
4048:Sprouts of capitalism
3122:Historic preservation
3117:Change and continuity
2199:27.3 (2009): 313-330.
2175:25.5 (1999): 734-744.
2124:German Studies Review
2109:(Cambridge UP, 1988).
2084:1996 29(4): 541–572.
2073:Moses, John Anthony.
2048:1995 30(4): 729-765.
1979:German Studies Review
1737:34.2 (1981): 223-233.
1659:Bithell, Jethro, ed.
1652:Biesinger, Joseph A.
1583:German Studies Review
1341:Arthur Alfaix Assis,
1250:The Houses of History
1218:German Studies Review
900:Klemens von Klemperer
704:Johann Gustav Droysen
686:Konrad Adenauer Prize
630:Further information:
457:causes of World War I
434:
340:Johann Gustav Droysen
296:
238:
139:
104:
52:
18:German historiography
7598:World Heritage Sites
7276:German states by GDP
6866:German Confederation
6558:Commemorative plaque
5774:Juan Manuel de Rosas
5222:"Blitzkrieg" concept
5093:Powder keg of Europe
4968:Franco-Prussian War
4638:Winter of Discontent
4621:Suffragette Campaign
4288:Italiani brava gente
4254:Revolutionary period
4076:Frankish Interregnum
4009:"Chineseness" debate
3942:Byzantine succession
3927:Fall of Western Rome
3868:Executed Renaissance
3357:By country or region
3301:Age of Enlightenment
3275:Vaticinium ex eventu
3222:Modernisation theory
3056:Quantitative history
2432:Historical documents
2168:5.4 (1979): 411-446.
2006:Jefferies, Matthew.
1850:(1991) 24#1: 69–91.
1806:28.1 (1995): 47-72.
1792:80.1 (2008): 81-108.
1676:Buse, Dieter K. ed.
1585:1984 7(3): 451-480.
1572:, Volume 2 page 1289
1261:Caroline Hoefferle,
1187:Gerald Allan Cohen,
1033:Christopher Browning
1016:Holocaust historians
746:Samuel von Pufendorf
646:about the crimes of
587:modernization theory
582:Modernization theory
543:Bielefeld University
512:Prominent historians
395:. Proponents of the
248:University of Berlin
224:Age of Enlightenment
212:University of Berlin
65:Georg Heinrich Pertz
7234:Automobile industry
6820:Carolingian dynasty
6754:History of the Huns
6387:Schools of thought
6352:Proto-Protestantism
6221:School of Thoughts
6103:William Shakespeare
6088:Robert Falcon Scott
5993:Friedrich Nietzsche
5831:Cult of personality
5816:Neville Chamberlain
5676:Alexander the Great
5558:Russo-Georgian War
5531:Sovereignty dispute
5510:Iranian Revolution
5340:"Polish death camp"
5317:In relation to the
5026:Myth of English aid
5017:War of the Pacific
4794:Albigensian Crusade
4219:Indigenous Aryanism
3915:Constantinian shift
3451:Residential schools
3208:Historian's fallacy
3127:Historic recurrence
2625:Numismatics (Money)
2397:Archaeological site
2321:theories of history
2064:Moeller, Robert G.
2041:(2002), pp 168–184.
1895:(1984) pp: 221-59.
1828:Paths of continuity
1768:(1983): 1219-1237.
1555:Hughes-Warrington,
1286:Hughes-Warrington,
1203:Hughes-Warrington,
980:– Women in Nazi era
318:Across Europe, the
165:primitive communism
7304:Telecommunications
6985:History of Prussia
6901:Revolution of 1918
6896:War guilt question
6815:Carolingian Empire
6784:Sack of Rome (410)
6693:History of Germany
6578:Historical realism
6573:Historical fiction
6518:History institutes
6508:Historical society
6503:Heritage registers
6391:Biblical criticism
6304:Islamic golden age
6255:Early Christianity
6135:Bears in antiquity
6023:Medieval Christian
5821:Pedro II of Brazil
5769:José de San Martín
5573:Syrian revolution
5485:Malayan Emergency
5460:1948 Palestine war
5193:Spanish Civil War
5143:War guilt question
4952:American Civil War
4932:Invasion of Russia
4908:New Russian School
4692:Colonial Australia
4408:October Revolution
4171:Strukturgeschichte
4107:Location of Alésia
4026:Hua–Yi distinction
3947:Moscow, third Rome
3563:Reconstruction era
3384:Black Egypt Thesis
3306:European Civil War
3262:Translatio imperii
3217:Invented tradition
2338:Historical sources
2114:Historical Journal
2031:2011-06-28 at the
2010:(Blackwell, 2008).
1947:Historical Journal
1903:Germany since 1870
1725:History and theory
1706:Hagen, William W.
1696:Evans, Richard J.
1533:(3rd ed, 2007) p 6
1450:Historical Journal
1370:Roger Chickering,
1356:History and Theory
1043:Norman Finkelstein
1010:– 20c esp business
1008:Henry Ashby Turner
906:Hans-Ulrich Wehler
844:Friedrich Meinecke
821:Andreas Hillgruber
777:Heinrich von Sybel
692:Prominent scholars
684:, was awarded the
574:National Socialism
563:Reinhart Koselleck
555:Hans-Ulrich Wehler
405:Revolution of 1848
316:
308:German nationalism
244:
149:
118:
114:Hegelian Dialectic
57:
33:history of Germany
7653:
7652:
7606:
7605:
7337:
7336:
7251:Chemical Triangle
7211:
7210:
7198:Political parties
7146:Foreign relations
7083:
7082:
7010:
7009:
6921:Allied occupation
6825:Holy Roman Empire
6632:
6631:
6598:
6597:
6538:
6537:
6483:
6482:
6479:
6478:
6396:Catholic theology
6250:Avestan geography
6115:
6114:
6111:
6110:
6098:Søren Kierkegaard
5971:
5970:
5882:Warren G. Harding
5642:
5641:
5638:
5637:
5441:
5440:
5319:Armenian genocide
5182:Polish–Soviet War
5177:Burning of Smyrna
5163:
5162:
5153:Reichstag inquiry
5076:Patriotic consent
4947:
4946:
4922:War in the Vendée
4886:French Revolution
4868:century conflicts
4857:Peloponnesian War
4818:Eighty Years' War
4704:
4703:
4700:
4699:
4680:
4679:
4676:
4675:
4609:Westminster Stone
4306:Southern question
4145:Alltagsgeschichte
4095:Legendary Saracen
3797:Early settlements
3605:
3604:
3585:Political history
3570:Consensus history
3347:
3346:
3343:
3342:
3339:
3338:
3329:Continuity thesis
3268:Translatio studii
3154:Theory of history
3090:
3089:
3086:
3085:
3044:Subaltern Studies
2929:Nouvelle histoire
2854:
2853:
2850:
2849:
2766:Medieval churches
2753:Geistesgeschichte
2697:Paleoanthropology
2605:Encyclopaedistics
2493:
2492:
2489:
2488:
2361:Secondary sources
2223:(Blackwell, 1967)
2126:(1984): 451-480.
2116:(2009): 763-779.
1887:978-0-7432-8553-7
1879:The German Genius
1775:Norton, Mary Beth
1761:(2002), pp 143–66
1727:(1967): 382-412.
1716:Iggers, Georg G.
1669:Boyd, Kelly, ed.
1559:(2007) pp 284-91.
1542:John Farrenkopf,
1426:(2006), vol 1 p 1
1396:Ernst Troeltsch,
1383:Michael Ermarth,
1312:Leonard Krieger,
1290:(2007) pp 256-63.
1207:(2007) pp 215-24.
1048:Henry Friedlander
992:– 19c-20c culture
912:Michael Wolffsohn
752:Leopold von Ranke
728:Gottfried Leibniz
551:political history
359:Adolf von Harnack
324:national revivals
271:narrative history
269:, an emphasis on
256:Leopold von Ranke
240:Leopold von Ranke
231:Leopold von Ranke
227:primary sources.
106:Georg W. F. Hegel
44:Diarium Europaeum
16:(Redirected from
7678:
7633:
7626:
7619:
7583:Prussian virtues
7348:
7256:Economic history
7222:
7116:
7094:
7045:Cities and towns
7021:
7001:Baden Revolution
6805:Treaty of Verdun
6774:Marcomannic Wars
6729:Migration Period
6724:Germanic peoples
6708:Military history
6683:
6659:
6652:
6645:
6636:
6621:
6620:
6611:
6610:
6563:Documentary film
6544:
6523:History journals
6489:
6462:
6334:
6270:Primacy of Peter
6217:Great Depression
6197:
6170:
6148:
6121:
6069:J. R. R. Tolkien
5924:
5919:
5907:
5895:
5877:Ulysses S. Grant
5872:Thomas Jefferson
5863:
5839:
5802:
5765:
5753:
5721:
5709:
5701:Chiang Ching-kuo
5691:Cato the Younger
5681:Amin al-Husseini
5659:
5648:
5627:
5626:
5610:War and genocide
5434:
5420:Résistancialisme
5407:Battle of France
5389:Nanjing Massacre
5243:
5124:
5120:
5084:
5034:
4916:
4899:
4872:
4799:Catharism debate
4785:pre-18th century
4767:Military history
4744:
4737:
4730:
4721:
4714:By war, conflict
4710:
4658:Cambridge School
4644:
4542:
4530:
4506:
4487:
4397:
4385:
4357:
4179:
4157:Historikerstreit
4127:
4115:
4103:
4084:
4070:Cordon sanitaire
4016:New Qing History
4004:Conquest dynasty
3995:
3910:Christianization
3893:
3812:
3725:
3713:
3701:
3679:
3667:
3659:Byzantine Empire
3514:Iquicha Royalism
3503:
3469:
3392:
3364:
3353:
3296:Age of Discovery
3285:Periodization of
3282:
3256:Transhistoricity
3251:Thirty-year rule
3162:
3150:
3107:
3096:
3076:Great Man theory
3039:People's history
3001:
2906:
2898:Three-age system
2860:
2560:Archival science
2512:
2499:
2366:Tertiary sources
2346:
2333:
2282:by area of study
2251:
2244:
2237:
2228:
2003:
1927:Past and Present
1863:Ther, Philipp. "
1748:Lehmann, Hartmut
1635:Berger, Stefan.
1623:
1622:
1610:
1604:
1603:
1595:
1589:
1579:
1573:
1566:
1560:
1553:
1547:
1540:
1534:
1527:
1521:
1514:
1508:
1507:
1505:
1504:
1489:
1478:
1477:
1475:
1474:
1459:
1453:
1446:
1440:
1433:
1427:
1420:
1414:
1407:
1401:
1394:
1388:
1381:
1375:
1368:
1362:
1352:
1346:
1339:
1333:
1323:
1317:
1310:
1304:
1297:
1291:
1284:
1278:
1272:
1266:
1259:
1253:
1246:
1240:
1230:
1224:
1214:
1208:
1201:
1195:
1185:
1179:
1172:
1166:
1159:
1153:
1143:
1137:
1134:
1128:
1122:
1058:Daniel Goldhagen
1053:Saul Friedländer
950:Richard J. Evans
946:– Army, politics
917:Rainer Zitelmann
896:− 20c; geography
860:Thomas Nipperdey
855:Wolfgang Mommsen
815:Klaus Hildebrand
659:Historikerstreit
639:Historikerstreit
622:Historikerstreit
616:and Nazi Germany
614:Historikerstreit
607:Thorstein Veblen
599:Gustav Schmoller
539:Bielefeld School
478:Second World War
409:authoritarianism
383:Bielefeld School
361:(1851–1930) and
335:Other historians
185:private property
21:
7686:
7685:
7681:
7680:
7679:
7677:
7676:
7675:
7656:
7655:
7654:
7649:
7636:
7629:
7622:
7615:
7602:
7466:
7417:Life expectancy
7333:
7207:
7178:Law enforcement
7114:
7079:
7006:
6973:
6952:
6936:Divided Germany
6906:Weimar Republic
6834:
6800:Frankish Empire
6788:
6712:
6678:
6672:
6663:
6633:
6628:
6627:
6594:
6549:
6534:
6494:
6475:
6458:
6441:
6432:
6328:
6236:
6212:Great Recession
6195:
6166:
6142:
6126:
6107:
5998:H. P. Lovecraft
5967:
5929:
5922:
5913:
5901:
5889:
5857:
5833:
5806:Muammar Gaddafi
5796:
5784:Leonid Brezhnev
5759:
5747:
5730:Gregory Palamas
5715:
5713:Chiang Kai Shek
5703:
5663:
5653:
5634:
5633:
5614:
5595:Conflict thesis
5583:
5547:
5437:
5428:
5395:
5359:
5289:
5241:
5203:
5169:Interwar period
5159:
5129:
5122:
5114:
5098:Schlieffen Plan
5078:
5039:
5028:
4943:
4910:
4893:
4878:
4867:
4861:
4845:Dorian invasion
4830:Fall of Babylon
4786:
4780:
4779:
4756:
4748:
4715:
4696:
4672:
4649:
4642:
4604:Kingdom of Alba
4585:
4578:
4545:
4536:
4524:
4522:Spanish decline
4500:
4481:
4436:
4391:
4379:
4360:
4351:
4317:
4258:
4223:
4209:Greater Magadha
4195:
4173:
4130:
4121:
4109:
4097:
4078:
4057:
4031:Four Barbarians
3989:
3963:
3891:
3848:Götaland theory
3816:Lusotropicalism
3806:
3787:North Macedonia
3719:
3707:
3695:
3673:
3661:
3601:
3580:Frontier thesis
3575:Cyclical theory
3558:Neoabolitionism
3534:
3497:
3467:
3429:
3406:Greater Morocco
3386:
3358:
3335:
3286:
3280:
3172:
3156:
3144:
3101:
3082:
2995:
2910:
2904:
2886:Historical eras
2867:
2846:
2681:
2578:Writing systems
2548:
2506:
2504:Fields of study
2485:
2479:Service records
2464:Religious texts
2370:
2356:Primary sources
2340:
2327:
2326:
2260:
2255:
2216:
2214:Primary sources
2102:
2033:Wayback Machine
1992:10.2307/1429974
1975:
1905:
1877:Watson, Peter.
1824:Hartmut Lehmann
1632:
1630:Further reading
1627:
1626:
1612:
1611:
1607:
1597:
1596:
1592:
1580:
1576:
1567:
1563:
1554:
1550:
1541:
1537:
1528:
1524:
1515:
1511:
1502:
1500:
1491:
1490:
1481:
1472:
1470:
1461:
1460:
1456:
1447:
1443:
1434:
1430:
1421:
1417:
1409:Wilhelm Pauck,
1408:
1404:
1395:
1391:
1382:
1378:
1369:
1365:
1353:
1349:
1340:
1336:
1324:
1320:
1311:
1307:
1299:E. Sreedharan,
1298:
1294:
1285:
1281:
1273:
1269:
1260:
1256:
1247:
1243:
1231:
1227:
1215:
1211:
1202:
1198:
1191:(2nd ed. 2000)
1186:
1182:
1173:
1169:
1160:
1156:
1144:
1140:
1135:
1131:
1123:
1119:
1114:
1092:
1087:
1068:Peter Longerich
1038:Lucy Dawidowicz
1018:
1013:
952:– Nazi era (in
944:Gordon A. Craig
927:
922:
894:Michael Stürmer
888:Oswald Spengler
839:Hartmut Kaelble
827:Eberhard Jäckel
793:
788:
758:Beatus Rhenanus
699:
694:
671:totalitarianism
634:
628:
620:Main articles:
618:
535:
517:Oswald Spengler
514:
450:
444:
399:theory such as
385:
377:Main articles:
375:
363:Ernst Troeltsch
352:Wilhelm Dilthey
337:
291:
267:primary sources
233:
205:
99:
94:
41:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7684:
7682:
7674:
7673:
7668:
7658:
7657:
7651:
7650:
7648:
7647:
7642:
7635:
7634:
7627:
7620:
7612:
7611:
7608:
7607:
7604:
7603:
7601:
7600:
7595:
7590:
7585:
7580:
7575:
7570:
7565:
7560:
7555:
7550:
7545:
7540:
7535:
7530:
7525:
7520:
7515:
7514:Cultural icons
7512:
7507:
7502:
7497:
7492:
7487:
7482:
7476:
7474:
7468:
7467:
7465:
7464:
7459:
7454:
7449:
7444:
7439:
7434:
7429:
7424:
7419:
7414:
7409:
7404:
7399:
7394:
7393:
7392:
7387:
7377:
7372:
7367:
7362:
7357:
7351:
7345:
7339:
7338:
7335:
7334:
7332:
7331:
7326:
7321:
7316:
7311:
7306:
7301:
7296:
7294:Stock exchange
7291:
7286:
7278:
7273:
7268:
7263:
7258:
7253:
7248:
7247:
7246:
7236:
7231:
7225:
7219:
7213:
7212:
7209:
7208:
7206:
7205:
7200:
7195:
7190:
7185:
7180:
7175:
7170:
7169:
7168:
7163:
7158:
7148:
7143:
7138:
7133:
7128:
7123:
7118:
7108:
7103:
7097:
7091:
7085:
7084:
7081:
7080:
7078:
7077:
7072:
7067:
7062:
7057:
7052:
7047:
7042:
7041:
7040:
7035:
7024:
7018:
7012:
7011:
7008:
7007:
7005:
7004:
6998:
6992:
6987:
6981:
6979:
6975:
6974:
6972:
6971:
6966:
6960:
6958:
6954:
6953:
6951:
6950:
6949:
6948:
6943:
6933:
6931:Denazification
6928:
6923:
6918:
6913:
6908:
6903:
6898:
6893:
6888:
6883:
6878:
6873:
6868:
6863:
6858:
6853:
6848:
6842:
6840:
6836:
6835:
6833:
6832:
6827:
6822:
6817:
6812:
6807:
6802:
6796:
6794:
6790:
6789:
6787:
6786:
6781:
6776:
6771:
6766:
6761:
6756:
6751:
6746:
6741:
6736:
6731:
6726:
6720:
6718:
6714:
6713:
6711:
6710:
6705:
6703:Historiography
6700:
6695:
6689:
6687:
6680:
6674:
6673:
6664:
6662:
6661:
6654:
6647:
6639:
6630:
6629:
6626:
6625:
6615:
6604:
6603:
6600:
6599:
6596:
6595:
6593:
6592:
6587:
6586:
6585:
6580:
6570:
6565:
6560:
6554:
6551:
6550:
6547:
6540:
6539:
6536:
6535:
6533:
6532:
6531:
6530:
6520:
6515:
6505:
6499:
6496:
6495:
6492:
6485:
6484:
6481:
6480:
6477:
6476:
6474:
6473:
6468:
6463:
6456:
6451:
6445:
6443:
6434:
6433:
6431:
6430:
6429:
6428:
6423:
6418:
6413:
6408:
6403:
6398:
6393:
6385:
6384:
6383:
6371:
6366:
6365:
6364:
6359:
6354:
6344:
6339:
6338:
6337:
6336:
6335:
6313:
6312:
6311:
6306:
6301:
6296:
6286:
6285:
6284:
6279:
6278:
6277:
6267:
6262:
6252:
6246:
6244:
6238:
6237:
6235:
6234:
6233:
6232:
6227:
6219:
6214:
6209:
6203:
6201:
6194:
6193:
6188:
6183:
6176:
6171:
6164:
6159:
6154:
6149:
6137:
6131:
6128:
6127:
6124:
6117:
6116:
6113:
6112:
6109:
6108:
6106:
6105:
6100:
6095:
6090:
6085:
6080:
6079:
6078:
6066:
6065:
6064:
6063:
6062:
6057:
6052:
6042:
6037:
6027:
6026:
6025:
6020:
6015:
6005:
6000:
5995:
5990:
5988:Charles Darwin
5985:
5979:
5977:
5973:
5972:
5969:
5968:
5966:
5965:
5960:
5958:United Kingdom
5955:
5950:
5948:Modern Germany
5945:
5940:
5934:
5932:
5921:
5920:
5908:
5896:
5884:
5879:
5874:
5869:
5867:Thomas Aquinas
5864:
5852:
5847:
5846:
5845:
5840:
5823:
5818:
5813:
5808:
5803:
5791:
5786:
5781:
5776:
5771:
5766:
5754:
5742:
5737:
5735:Horatio Nelson
5732:
5727:
5722:
5710:
5698:
5693:
5688:
5683:
5678:
5673:
5667:
5665:
5655:
5654:
5651:
5644:
5643:
5640:
5639:
5636:
5635:
5632:
5631:
5620:
5619:
5616:
5615:
5613:
5612:
5607:
5602:
5597:
5591:
5589:
5585:
5584:
5582:
5581:
5580:
5579:
5571:
5570:
5569:
5567:Responsibility
5564:
5555:
5553:
5549:
5548:
5546:
5545:
5544:
5543:
5535:
5534:
5533:
5523:
5518:
5517:
5516:
5508:
5507:
5506:
5498:
5493:
5492:
5491:
5483:
5482:
5481:
5479:New Historians
5476:
5471:
5457:
5451:
5449:
5443:
5442:
5439:
5438:
5436:
5435:
5423:
5416:
5409:
5403:
5401:
5397:
5396:
5394:
5393:
5392:
5391:
5383:
5378:
5373:
5367:
5365:
5361:
5360:
5358:
5357:
5352:
5347:
5345:Responsibility
5342:
5337:
5336:
5335:
5325:
5315:
5310:
5305:
5299:
5297:
5291:
5290:
5288:
5287:
5286:
5285:
5280:
5270:
5265:
5260:
5255:
5249:
5247:
5240:
5239:
5234:
5229:
5224:
5219:
5213:
5211:
5205:
5204:
5202:
5201:
5200:
5199:
5191:
5190:
5189:
5179:
5173:
5171:
5165:
5164:
5161:
5160:
5158:
5157:
5156:
5155:
5150:
5140:
5134:
5132:
5121:
5109:
5103:Spirit of 1914
5100:
5095:
5090:
5085:
5073:
5063:
5060:Fischer thesis
5049:
5047:
5041:
5040:
5038:
5037:
5036:
5035:
5023:
5015:
5014:
5013:
5003:
5001:Paraguayan War
4998:
4997:
4996:
4986:
4981:
4980:
4979:
4974:
4966:
4965:
4964:
4959:
4948:
4945:
4944:
4942:
4941:
4940:
4939:
4934:
4927:Napoleonic era
4924:
4919:
4918:
4917:
4905:
4900:
4891:Pre-revolution
4882:
4880:
4876:Coalition Wars
4869:
4863:
4862:
4860:
4859:
4854:
4853:
4852:
4847:
4837:
4832:
4827:
4826:
4825:
4815:
4814:
4813:
4803:
4802:
4801:
4790:
4788:
4782:
4781:
4778:
4777:
4770:
4762:
4761:
4758:
4757:
4754:historiography
4749:
4747:
4746:
4739:
4732:
4724:
4717:
4716:
4713:
4706:
4705:
4702:
4701:
4698:
4697:
4695:
4694:
4688:
4686:
4682:
4681:
4678:
4677:
4674:
4673:
4671:
4670:
4665:
4660:
4654:
4652:
4641:
4640:
4635:
4634:
4633:
4623:
4618:
4613:
4612:
4611:
4606:
4596:
4590:
4588:
4580:
4579:
4577:
4576:
4575:
4574:
4572:Decline thesis
4569:
4562:Ottoman Empire
4559:
4553:
4551:
4547:
4546:
4544:
4543:
4531:
4519:
4514:
4509:
4508:
4507:
4488:
4476:
4471:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4444:
4442:
4438:
4437:
4435:
4434:
4433:
4432:
4427:
4422:
4412:
4411:
4410:
4400:
4399:
4398:
4389:Skeptic School
4374:
4372:Anti-Normanism
4368:
4366:
4362:
4361:
4359:
4358:
4346:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4329:Golden Liberty
4325:
4323:
4319:
4318:
4316:
4315:
4314:
4313:
4311:Neo-Bourbonism
4303:
4298:
4291:
4284:
4279:
4272:
4266:
4264:
4260:
4259:
4257:
4256:
4251:
4246:
4239:
4233:
4231:
4225:
4224:
4222:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4205:
4203:
4197:
4196:
4194:
4193:
4186:
4181:
4167:
4160:
4153:
4151:Borussian myth
4148:
4140:
4138:
4132:
4131:
4129:
4128:
4116:
4104:
4092:
4085:
4073:
4065:
4063:
4059:
4058:
4056:
4055:
4050:
4045:
4040:
4039:
4038:
4033:
4023:
4018:
4013:
4012:
4011:
4001:
3996:
3984:
3979:
3973:
3971:
3965:
3964:
3962:
3961:
3960:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3944:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3918:
3917:
3907:
3901:
3899:
3890:
3889:
3888:
3887:
3882:
3872:
3871:
3870:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3851:
3850:
3842:
3841:
3840:
3830:
3829:
3828:
3820:
3819:
3818:
3801:
3800:
3799:
3789:
3784:
3783:
3782:
3777:
3767:
3762:
3761:
3760:
3752:
3751:
3750:
3740:
3739:
3738:
3728:
3727:
3726:
3714:
3702:
3687:
3682:
3681:
3680:
3656:
3651:
3650:
3649:
3641:
3636:
3635:
3634:
3626:
3625:
3624:
3622:Dealbanisation
3613:
3611:
3607:
3606:
3603:
3602:
3600:
3599:
3594:
3593:
3592:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3566:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3544:
3542:
3536:
3535:
3533:
3532:
3531:
3530:
3518:
3517:
3516:
3506:
3505:
3504:
3492:
3486:May Revolution
3477:
3475:
3466:
3465:
3460:
3459:
3458:
3456:Staples thesis
3453:
3448:
3437:
3435:
3431:
3430:
3428:
3427:
3420:
3419:
3418:
3410:
3409:
3408:
3400:
3395:
3394:
3393:
3381:
3372:
3370:
3360:
3359:
3356:
3349:
3348:
3345:
3344:
3341:
3340:
3337:
3336:
3334:
3333:
3332:
3331:
3321:
3312:
3303:
3298:
3292:
3290:
3288:modern history
3279:
3278:
3271:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3247:
3246:
3234:
3232:Paradigm shift
3229:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3186:
3180:
3178:
3174:
3173:
3171:
3170:
3165:
3164:
3163:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3113:
3111:
3103:
3102:
3099:
3092:
3091:
3088:
3087:
3084:
3083:
3081:
3080:
3079:
3078:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3047:
3046:
3036:
3035:
3034:
3029:
3019:
3018:
3017:
3007:
3002:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2959:
2958:
2948:
2943:
2934:
2933:
2932:
2925:
2918:Annales school
2914:
2912:
2903:
2902:
2901:
2900:
2895:
2888:
2878:
2872:
2869:
2868:
2863:
2856:
2855:
2852:
2851:
2848:
2847:
2845:
2844:
2843:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2831:
2830:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2790:
2789:
2788:
2783:
2781:Constitutional
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2757:
2756:
2744:
2743:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2717:
2704:
2699:
2689:
2687:
2683:
2682:
2680:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2657:Postage stamps
2654:
2649:
2644:
2643:
2642:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2596:
2595:
2585:
2580:
2571:
2556:
2554:
2550:
2549:
2547:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2535:
2534:
2524:
2518:
2516:
2508:
2507:
2502:
2495:
2494:
2491:
2490:
2487:
2486:
2484:
2483:
2482:
2481:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2454:Oral tradition
2451:
2450:
2449:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2378:
2376:
2372:
2371:
2369:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2352:
2350:
2342:
2341:
2336:
2329:
2328:
2325:
2324:
2317:
2310:
2303:
2295:
2294:
2287:
2286:
2285:
2266:
2265:
2262:
2261:
2258:Historiography
2256:
2254:
2253:
2246:
2239:
2231:
2225:
2224:
2215:
2212:
2211:
2210:
2204:Church History
2200:
2197:German History
2193:
2186:
2176:
2169:
2162:
2155:
2144:
2137:
2130:
2120:
2110:
2101:
2098:
2097:
2096:
2078:
2071:
2070:
2069:
2052:
2042:
2035:
2026:online edition
2018:
2013:Kershaw, Ian.
2011:
2004:
1986:(2): 285–301.
1973:
1963:
1953:
1943:
1936:Evans, Richard
1933:
1923:
1913:
1904:
1901:
1900:
1899:
1889:
1875:
1861:
1854:
1844:
1840:(1981): 2–23.
1834:
1820:
1810:
1800:
1793:
1786:
1772:
1762:
1755:
1745:
1738:
1731:
1721:
1720:(2nd ed. 1983)
1714:
1704:
1702:online edition
1694:
1692:online edition
1681:
1674:
1667:
1665:online edition
1657:
1650:
1643:
1631:
1628:
1625:
1624:
1619:New York Times
1605:
1590:
1574:
1561:
1548:
1535:
1522:
1509:
1479:
1454:
1441:
1428:
1415:
1402:
1389:
1376:
1374:(BRILL, 1993).
1363:
1347:
1334:
1325:H.W.C. Davis,
1318:
1305:
1292:
1279:
1267:
1254:
1241:
1225:
1220:(1980): 9-26.
1209:
1196:
1180:
1167:
1154:
1138:
1129:
1116:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1109:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1073:Michael Marrus
1070:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1028:Martin Broszat
1025:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1011:
1005:
999:
993:
987:
981:
975:
969:
947:
941:
935:
932:Thomas Carlyle
928:
926:
923:
921:
920:
914:
909:
903:
897:
891:
885:
879:
877:Gerhard Ritter
874:
872:Detlev Peukert
869:
863:
857:
852:
847:
841:
836:
830:
824:
818:
812:
806:
801:
798:Martin Broszat
794:
792:
789:
787:
786:
780:
774:
773:
772:
761:
755:
749:
743:
737:
731:
725:
722:Karl Lamprecht
719:
713:
707:
700:
698:
695:
693:
690:
617:
611:
603:Werner Sombart
547:social history
534:
531:
513:
510:
498:Gerhard Ritter
446:Main article:
443:
440:
413:Gerhard Ritter
374:
371:
346:Karl Lamprecht
336:
333:
290:
287:
232:
229:
204:
201:
195:, followed by
181:market economy
161:Western Europe
98:
97:Hegel and Marx
95:
93:
90:
40:
37:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7683:
7672:
7669:
7667:
7664:
7663:
7661:
7646:
7643:
7641:
7638:
7637:
7632:
7628:
7625:
7621:
7618:
7614:
7613:
7609:
7599:
7596:
7594:
7591:
7589:
7586:
7584:
7581:
7579:
7576:
7574:
7571:
7569:
7566:
7564:
7561:
7559:
7556:
7554:
7551:
7549:
7546:
7544:
7541:
7539:
7536:
7534:
7531:
7529:
7526:
7524:
7521:
7519:
7516:
7513:
7511:
7508:
7506:
7503:
7501:
7498:
7496:
7493:
7491:
7488:
7486:
7483:
7481:
7478:
7477:
7475:
7473:
7469:
7463:
7460:
7458:
7457:Social issues
7455:
7453:
7450:
7448:
7445:
7443:
7440:
7438:
7435:
7433:
7430:
7428:
7425:
7423:
7420:
7418:
7415:
7413:
7410:
7408:
7405:
7403:
7400:
7398:
7395:
7391:
7388:
7386:
7385:Ethnic groups
7383:
7382:
7381:
7378:
7376:
7373:
7371:
7368:
7366:
7363:
7361:
7358:
7356:
7353:
7352:
7349:
7346:
7344:
7340:
7330:
7327:
7325:
7322:
7320:
7317:
7315:
7312:
7310:
7307:
7305:
7302:
7300:
7297:
7295:
7292:
7290:
7287:
7285:
7283:
7279:
7277:
7274:
7272:
7269:
7267:
7264:
7262:
7259:
7257:
7254:
7252:
7249:
7245:
7242:
7241:
7240:
7237:
7235:
7232:
7230:
7227:
7226:
7223:
7220:
7218:
7214:
7204:
7201:
7199:
7196:
7194:
7191:
7189:
7186:
7184:
7181:
7179:
7176:
7174:
7171:
7167:
7164:
7162:
7159:
7157:
7154:
7153:
7152:
7149:
7147:
7144:
7142:
7139:
7137:
7134:
7132:
7129:
7127:
7124:
7122:
7119:
7117:
7113:
7109:
7107:
7104:
7102:
7099:
7098:
7095:
7092:
7090:
7086:
7076:
7073:
7071:
7068:
7066:
7063:
7061:
7058:
7056:
7053:
7051:
7048:
7046:
7043:
7039:
7036:
7034:
7031:
7030:
7029:
7026:
7025:
7022:
7019:
7017:
7013:
7002:
6999:
6996:
6993:
6991:
6988:
6986:
6983:
6982:
6980:
6976:
6970:
6967:
6965:
6964:Reunification
6962:
6961:
6959:
6955:
6947:
6944:
6942:
6939:
6938:
6937:
6934:
6932:
6929:
6927:
6924:
6922:
6919:
6917:
6914:
6912:
6909:
6907:
6904:
6902:
6899:
6897:
6894:
6892:
6889:
6887:
6886:German Empire
6884:
6882:
6879:
6877:
6874:
6872:
6869:
6867:
6864:
6862:
6859:
6857:
6854:
6852:
6849:
6847:
6844:
6843:
6841:
6837:
6831:
6828:
6826:
6823:
6821:
6818:
6816:
6813:
6811:
6808:
6806:
6803:
6801:
6798:
6797:
6795:
6791:
6785:
6782:
6780:
6777:
6775:
6772:
6770:
6767:
6765:
6762:
6760:
6757:
6755:
6752:
6750:
6747:
6745:
6742:
6740:
6737:
6735:
6732:
6730:
6727:
6725:
6722:
6721:
6719:
6715:
6709:
6706:
6704:
6701:
6699:
6696:
6694:
6691:
6690:
6688:
6684:
6681:
6675:
6671:
6667:
6660:
6655:
6653:
6648:
6646:
6641:
6640:
6637:
6624:
6616:
6614:
6606:
6605:
6601:
6591:
6588:
6584:
6581:
6579:
6576:
6575:
6574:
6571:
6569:
6566:
6564:
6561:
6559:
6556:
6555:
6552:
6545:
6541:
6529:
6526:
6525:
6524:
6521:
6519:
6516:
6513:
6509:
6506:
6504:
6501:
6500:
6497:
6490:
6486:
6472:
6469:
6467:
6464:
6461:
6457:
6455:
6452:
6450:
6449:Merton thesis
6447:
6446:
6444:
6439:
6435:
6427:
6424:
6422:
6419:
6417:
6414:
6412:
6409:
6407:
6404:
6402:
6401:Panbabylonism
6399:
6397:
6394:
6392:
6389:
6388:
6386:
6382:
6381:
6377:
6376:
6375:
6372:
6370:
6367:
6363:
6360:
6358:
6355:
6353:
6350:
6349:
6348:
6345:
6343:
6340:
6332:
6327:
6324:
6323:
6322:
6319:
6318:
6317:
6314:
6310:
6307:
6305:
6302:
6300:
6297:
6295:
6292:
6291:
6290:
6287:
6283:
6280:
6276:
6273:
6272:
6271:
6268:
6266:
6263:
6261:
6258:
6257:
6256:
6253:
6251:
6248:
6247:
6245:
6243:
6239:
6231:
6228:
6226:
6223:
6222:
6220:
6218:
6215:
6213:
6210:
6208:
6205:
6204:
6202:
6198:
6192:
6189:
6187:
6184:
6182:
6181:
6177:
6175:
6172:
6169:
6165:
6163:
6160:
6158:
6155:
6153:
6150:
6146:
6141:
6138:
6136:
6133:
6132:
6129:
6122:
6118:
6104:
6101:
6099:
6096:
6094:
6091:
6089:
6086:
6084:
6081:
6077:
6076:
6072:
6071:
6070:
6067:
6061:
6058:
6056:
6053:
6051:
6048:
6047:
6046:
6043:
6041:
6038:
6036:
6033:
6032:
6031:
6028:
6024:
6021:
6019:
6016:
6014:
6011:
6010:
6009:
6006:
6004:
6001:
5999:
5996:
5994:
5991:
5989:
5986:
5984:
5981:
5980:
5978:
5974:
5964:
5963:United States
5961:
5959:
5956:
5954:
5951:
5949:
5946:
5944:
5941:
5939:
5936:
5935:
5933:
5931:
5925:
5917:
5912:
5909:
5905:
5900:
5897:
5893:
5888:
5885:
5883:
5880:
5878:
5875:
5873:
5870:
5868:
5865:
5861:
5856:
5853:
5851:
5848:
5844:
5843:Bolivarianism
5841:
5837:
5832:
5829:
5828:
5827:
5826:Simon Bolivar
5824:
5822:
5819:
5817:
5814:
5812:
5809:
5807:
5804:
5800:
5795:
5792:
5790:
5787:
5785:
5782:
5780:
5777:
5775:
5772:
5770:
5767:
5763:
5758:
5757:Joseph Stalin
5755:
5751:
5746:
5743:
5741:
5738:
5736:
5733:
5731:
5728:
5726:
5723:
5719:
5714:
5711:
5707:
5702:
5699:
5697:
5694:
5692:
5689:
5687:
5684:
5682:
5679:
5677:
5674:
5672:
5669:
5668:
5666:
5660:
5656:
5649:
5645:
5630:
5622:
5621:
5617:
5611:
5608:
5606:
5603:
5601:
5598:
5596:
5593:
5592:
5590:
5586:
5578:
5575:
5574:
5572:
5568:
5565:
5563:
5560:
5559:
5557:
5556:
5554:
5552:Post-Cold War
5550:
5542:
5539:
5538:
5536:
5532:
5529:
5528:
5527:
5526:Falklands War
5524:
5522:
5521:Iran–Iraq War
5519:
5515:
5512:
5511:
5509:
5505:
5502:
5501:
5499:
5497:
5494:
5490:
5487:
5486:
5484:
5480:
5477:
5475:
5472:
5470:
5469:Ongoing Nakba
5466:
5463:
5462:
5461:
5458:
5456:
5453:
5452:
5450:
5448:
5444:
5432:
5427:
5424:
5422:
5421:
5417:
5415:
5414:
5410:
5408:
5405:
5404:
5402:
5400:Western Front
5398:
5390:
5387:
5386:
5384:
5382:
5381:Bengal famine
5379:
5377:
5374:
5372:
5369:
5368:
5366:
5362:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5348:
5346:
5343:
5341:
5338:
5334:
5331:
5330:
5329:
5326:
5324:
5320:
5316:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5304:
5301:
5300:
5298:
5296:
5295:The Holocaust
5292:
5284:
5281:
5279:
5276:
5275:
5274:
5271:
5269:
5266:
5264:
5261:
5259:
5256:
5254:
5251:
5250:
5248:
5246:Eastern Front
5244:
5238:
5235:
5233:
5230:
5228:
5225:
5223:
5220:
5218:
5215:
5214:
5212:
5210:
5206:
5198:
5195:
5194:
5192:
5188:
5185:
5184:
5183:
5180:
5178:
5175:
5174:
5172:
5170:
5166:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5146:
5145:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5136:
5135:
5133:
5131:
5125:
5118:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5082:
5077:
5074:
5071:
5067:
5064:
5061:
5057:
5053:
5050:
5048:
5046:
5042:
5032:
5027:
5024:
5022:
5019:
5018:
5016:
5012:
5009:
5008:
5007:
5004:
5002:
4999:
4995:
4992:
4991:
4990:
4987:
4985:
4982:
4978:
4977:Paris Commune
4975:
4973:
4970:
4969:
4967:
4963:
4962:Turning point
4960:
4958:
4955:
4954:
4953:
4950:
4949:
4938:
4935:
4933:
4930:
4929:
4928:
4925:
4923:
4920:
4914:
4909:
4906:
4904:
4901:
4897:
4892:
4889:
4888:
4887:
4884:
4883:
4881:
4877:
4873:
4870:
4866:18th and 19th
4864:
4858:
4855:
4851:
4848:
4846:
4843:
4842:
4841:
4838:
4836:
4833:
4831:
4828:
4824:
4821:
4820:
4819:
4816:
4812:
4811:Islamic views
4809:
4808:
4807:
4804:
4800:
4797:
4796:
4795:
4792:
4791:
4789:
4783:
4776:
4775:
4771:
4769:
4768:
4764:
4763:
4759:
4755:
4752:
4745:
4740:
4738:
4733:
4731:
4726:
4725:
4722:
4718:
4711:
4707:
4693:
4690:
4689:
4687:
4683:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4661:
4659:
4656:
4655:
4653:
4651:
4645:
4639:
4636:
4632:
4629:
4628:
4627:
4624:
4622:
4619:
4617:
4614:
4610:
4607:
4605:
4602:
4601:
4600:
4597:
4595:
4592:
4591:
4589:
4587:
4581:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4564:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4554:
4552:
4548:
4540:
4535:
4534:Ser de España
4532:
4528:
4523:
4520:
4518:
4515:
4513:
4510:
4504:
4499:
4496:
4495:
4494:
4493:
4489:
4485:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4469:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4449:
4446:
4445:
4443:
4439:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4418:
4417:
4416:
4413:
4409:
4406:
4405:
4404:
4401:
4395:
4390:
4387:
4386:
4383:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4369:
4367:
4363:
4355:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4326:
4324:
4320:
4312:
4309:
4308:
4307:
4304:
4302:
4299:
4297:
4296:
4292:
4290:
4289:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4277:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4267:
4265:
4261:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4247:
4244:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4234:
4232:
4230:
4226:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4206:
4204:
4202:
4198:
4192:
4191:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4172:
4168:
4166:
4165:
4161:
4159:
4158:
4154:
4152:
4149:
4147:
4146:
4142:
4141:
4139:
4137:
4133:
4125:
4120:
4117:
4113:
4108:
4105:
4101:
4096:
4093:
4091:
4090:
4086:
4082:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4071:
4067:
4066:
4064:
4060:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4028:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4010:
4007:
4006:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3993:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3974:
3972:
3970:
3966:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3952:Ottoman claim
3950:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3939:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3932:Prosopography
3930:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3916:
3913:
3912:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3902:
3900:
3898:
3894:
3886:
3885:Trưng sisters
3883:
3881:
3880:
3876:
3875:
3873:
3869:
3866:
3865:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3849:
3846:
3845:
3843:
3839:
3836:
3835:
3834:
3831:
3827:
3824:
3823:
3821:
3817:
3814:
3813:
3810:
3805:
3802:
3798:
3795:
3794:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3772:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3759:
3756:
3755:
3753:
3749:
3746:
3745:
3744:
3741:
3737:
3736:
3732:
3731:
3729:
3723:
3718:
3715:
3711:
3706:
3703:
3699:
3694:
3691:
3690:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3677:
3672:
3669:
3668:
3665:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3648:
3645:
3644:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3633:
3632:Habsburg myth
3630:
3629:
3627:
3623:
3620:
3619:
3618:
3615:
3614:
3612:
3608:
3598:
3595:
3591:
3588:
3587:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3550:
3549:
3546:
3545:
3543:
3541:
3540:United States
3537:
3529:
3528:
3524:
3523:
3522:
3519:
3515:
3512:
3511:
3510:
3507:
3501:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3487:
3484:
3483:
3482:
3479:
3478:
3476:
3474:
3473:Latin America
3470:
3464:
3461:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3443:
3442:
3439:
3438:
3436:
3432:
3426:
3425:
3421:
3417:
3414:
3413:
3411:
3407:
3404:
3403:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3390:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3376:
3374:
3373:
3371:
3369:
3365:
3361:
3354:
3350:
3330:
3327:
3326:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3293:
3291:
3289:
3283:
3277:
3276:
3272:
3270:
3269:
3264:
3263:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3245:
3242:
3241:
3240:
3239:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3181:
3179:
3175:
3169:
3166:
3160:
3155:
3152:
3151:
3148:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3114:
3112:
3108:
3104:
3097:
3093:
3077:
3074:
3073:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3066:Transnational
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3045:
3042:
3041:
3040:
3037:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3024:
3023:
3020:
3016:
3013:
3012:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
2999:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2957:
2956:Decoloniality
2954:
2953:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2938:
2937:Historiometry
2935:
2931:
2930:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2920:
2919:
2916:
2915:
2913:
2907:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2893:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2883:
2882:
2881:Periodization
2879:
2877:
2874:
2873:
2870:
2866:
2861:
2857:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2829:
2826:
2825:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2795:
2794:
2791:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2778:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2755:
2754:
2750:
2749:
2748:
2745:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2722:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2712:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2694:
2691:
2690:
2688:
2684:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2667:Sigillography
2665:
2663:
2662:Prosopography
2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2641:
2638:
2637:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2594:
2591:
2590:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2575:
2572:
2569:
2565:
2561:
2558:
2557:
2555:
2551:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2539:Local history
2537:
2533:
2532:Human history
2530:
2529:
2528:
2527:World history
2525:
2523:
2520:
2519:
2517:
2513:
2509:
2505:
2500:
2496:
2480:
2477:
2476:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2448:
2445:
2444:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2379:
2377:
2373:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2353:
2351:
2347:
2343:
2339:
2334:
2330:
2323:
2322:
2318:
2316:
2315:
2311:
2309:
2308:
2304:
2302:
2301:
2297:
2296:
2293:
2292:
2288:
2284:
2283:
2279:
2275:
2274:
2273:
2272:
2268:
2267:
2263:
2259:
2252:
2247:
2245:
2240:
2238:
2233:
2232:
2229:
2222:
2218:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2201:
2198:
2194:
2191:
2187:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2174:
2170:
2167:
2163:
2160:
2156:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2142:
2138:
2135:
2131:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2108:
2104:
2103:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2076:
2072:
2067:
2063:
2062:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2040:
2036:
2034:
2030:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2016:
2012:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1980:
1974:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1941:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1921:
1917:
1916:Craig, Gordon
1914:
1911:
1907:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1873:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1859:
1855:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1798:
1794:
1791:
1787:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1760:
1756:
1753:
1749:
1746:
1743:
1739:
1736:
1732:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1719:
1715:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1703:
1699:
1695:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1684:Daum, Andreas
1682:
1679:
1675:
1672:
1668:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1655:
1651:
1648:
1644:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1633:
1629:
1620:
1616:
1609:
1606:
1601:
1594:
1591:
1588:
1584:
1578:
1575:
1571:
1565:
1562:
1558:
1552:
1549:
1545:
1539:
1536:
1532:
1526:
1523:
1519:
1513:
1510:
1499:on 2009-10-14
1498:
1494:
1493:"WWI Origins"
1488:
1486:
1484:
1480:
1469:on 2010-06-12
1468:
1464:
1458:
1455:
1451:
1445:
1442:
1439:(1999) 1:387.
1438:
1432:
1429:
1425:
1419:
1416:
1412:
1406:
1403:
1399:
1393:
1390:
1386:
1380:
1377:
1373:
1367:
1364:
1361:
1357:
1351:
1348:
1344:
1338:
1335:
1332:
1328:
1322:
1319:
1315:
1309:
1306:
1302:
1296:
1293:
1289:
1283:
1280:
1277:
1271:
1268:
1264:
1258:
1255:
1251:
1245:
1242:
1239:
1235:
1229:
1226:
1223:
1219:
1213:
1210:
1206:
1200:
1197:
1194:
1190:
1184:
1181:
1177:
1174:Sidney Hook,
1171:
1168:
1164:
1158:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1142:
1139:
1133:
1130:
1127:
1121:
1118:
1111:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1093:
1089:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1020:
1015:
1009:
1006:
1003:
1000:
998:– Reformation
997:
996:Steven Ozment
994:
991:
988:
985:
984:Timothy Mason
982:
979:
978:Claudia Koonz
976:
973:
970:
967:
963:
959:
955:
951:
948:
945:
942:
939:
936:
933:
930:
929:
924:
918:
915:
913:
910:
907:
904:
901:
898:
895:
892:
889:
886:
883:
882:Hans Rothfels
880:
878:
875:
873:
870:
868:, (born 1923)
867:
864:
861:
858:
856:
853:
851:
848:
845:
842:
840:
837:
834:
831:
828:
825:
822:
819:
816:
813:
810:
809:Fritz Fischer
807:
805:
802:
799:
796:
795:
790:
784:
781:
778:
775:
771:
768:
767:
765:
762:
759:
756:
753:
750:
747:
744:
741:
738:
735:
732:
729:
726:
723:
720:
717:
714:
711:
708:
705:
702:
701:
696:
691:
689:
688:for science.
687:
683:
678:
677:
672:
668:
664:
660:
655:
653:
649:
645:
641:
640:
633:
627:
623:
615:
612:
610:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
583:
579:
575:
570:
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
532:
530:
528:
524:
523:
518:
511:
509:
507:
503:
499:
495:
494:Imanuel Geiss
491:
486:
483:
479:
475:
470:
468:
464:
463:
458:
454:
453:Fritz Fischer
449:
441:
438:
433:
431:
427:
423:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
401:Fritz Fischer
398:
394:
390:
384:
380:
372:
370:
368:
364:
360:
355:
353:
349:
347:
343:
341:
334:
332:
331:(1834-1896).
330:
325:
321:
313:
309:
305:
304:
303:fin de siècle
299:
295:
288:
286:
284:
278:
276:
275:aussenpolitik
272:
268:
264:
259:
257:
253:
249:
241:
237:
230:
228:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
202:
200:
198:
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
157:
153:
146:
142:
138:
134:
130:
127:
123:
115:
111:
107:
103:
96:
91:
89:
87:
83:
79:
77:
72:
70:
66:
62:
55:
51:
47:
45:
38:
36:
34:
30:
19:
7631:Bibliography
7505:Coat of arms
7485:Architecture
7462:Trade unions
7442:Prostitution
7402:Homelessness
7365:Demographics
7314:Trade unions
7281:
7271:German model
7244:Central bank
7188:Conservatism
7151:Human rights
7136:Court system
7131:Constitution
7111:
6957:Contemporary
6946:West Germany
6941:East Germany
6916:World War II
6911:Nazi Germany
6851:18th-century
6810:East Francia
6764:Cimbrian War
6702:
6378:
6180:The Simpsons
6178:
6125:Other topics
6073:
6050:Christianity
6040:Resurrection
5671:Adolf Hitler
5500:Six-Day War
5496:Algerian War
5467: /
5426:Vichy France
5418:
5411:
5321: /
5209:World War II
5105: /
4772:
4765:
4567:Ghaza thesis
4490:
4466:
4452:White legend
4450: /
4448:Black legend
4403:Soviet Union
4293:
4286:
4274:
4237:Great Famine
4214:Indocentrism
4188:
4169:
4162:
4155:
4143:
4135:
4089:Grand Siècle
4087:
4068:
4036:Sinocentrism
3897:Ancient Rome
3877:
3735:Aryan Kartli
3733:
3525:
3488: /
3422:
3319:19th century
3317: /
3308: /
3273:
3266:
3265: /
3260:
3236:
3210: /
3184:Black legend
3142:Historiology
2939: /
2927:
2890:
2828:Quantitative
2751:
2747:Intellectual
2713: /
2709: /
2695: /
2693:Anthropology
2647:Phaleristics
2640:preservation
2635:Oral history
2576: /
2562: /
2544:Microhistory
2319:
2312:
2305:
2298:
2289:
2280: /
2276:
2269:
2220:
2203:
2196:
2189:
2179:
2172:
2165:
2158:
2147:
2140:
2133:
2123:
2113:
2106:
2081:
2074:
2065:
2055:
2045:
2038:
2021:
2014:
2007:
1983:
1977:
1966:
1956:
1946:
1939:
1926:
1919:
1909:
1892:
1878:
1871:
1868:
1857:
1847:
1837:
1827:
1813:
1803:
1796:
1789:
1783:vol 1 online
1778:
1765:
1758:
1751:
1741:
1734:
1724:
1717:
1707:
1697:
1688:GHI Bulletin
1687:
1680:(2 vol 1998)
1677:
1670:
1660:
1653:
1646:
1636:
1618:
1608:
1599:
1593:
1582:
1577:
1569:
1564:
1556:
1551:
1543:
1538:
1530:
1525:
1520:(1975) p 127
1517:
1516:John Moses,
1512:
1501:. Retrieved
1497:the original
1471:. Retrieved
1467:the original
1457:
1449:
1444:
1436:
1431:
1423:
1418:
1410:
1405:
1397:
1392:
1384:
1379:
1371:
1366:
1355:
1350:
1342:
1337:
1326:
1321:
1313:
1308:
1303:(2004) p 185
1300:
1295:
1287:
1282:
1270:
1262:
1257:
1249:
1244:
1233:
1228:
1217:
1212:
1204:
1199:
1188:
1183:
1175:
1170:
1162:
1157:
1145:
1141:
1132:
1120:
1083:R. J. Rummel
1078:Hans Mommsen
1063:Raul Hilberg
1023:Yehuda Bauer
990:George Mosse
965:
961:
957:
953:
938:Alan Bullock
850:Hans Mommsen
833:Jürgen Kocka
804:Werner Conze
766:(1779–1861)
740:Justus Möser
674:
658:
656:
652:Soviet Union
648:Nazi Germany
644:West Germany
637:
635:
613:
577:
571:
569:since 1975.
566:
559:Jürgen Kocka
545:who promote
536:
526:
520:
515:
502:East Germany
489:
487:
482:West Germany
474:Adolf Hitler
471:
466:
460:
451:
435:
429:
425:
421:
416:
396:
392:
388:
386:
356:
350:
344:
338:
317:
312:Antisemitism
301:
282:
279:
274:
262:
260:
245:
220:Jena in 1806
216:Romantic Era
206:
177:Nation-state
150:
131:
119:
92:19th century
82:Justus Möser
80:
73:
58:
53:
42:
28:
26:
7432:Pornography
7407:Immigration
7370:Drug policy
7282:Mittelstand
7229:Agriculture
7193:Nationalism
7166:Transgender
7050:Earthquakes
6997:, 1583-1588
6995:Cologne War
6891:World War I
6793:Middle Ages
6779:Gothic Wars
6568:Hagiography
6329: [
6289:Early Islam
6143: [
6035:Historicity
6013:Historicity
6003:Jane Austen
5983:The Beatles
5953:Netherlands
5914: [
5911:Zhuge Liang
5902: [
5890: [
5887:Yuan Shikai
5858: [
5855:Sun Yat Tse
5834: [
5797: [
5760: [
5748: [
5745:Jiang Zemin
5716: [
5704: [
5696:Che Guevara
5429: [
5364:Pacific War
5148:Article 231
5138:Reparations
5115: [
5079: [
5056:Color books
5045:World War I
5029: [
5006:War of 1812
4911: [
4894: [
4879:(1792–1815)
4850:Sea Peoples
4835:Gallic Wars
4537: [
4525: [
4512:Revisionist
4501: [
4492:Reconquista
4482: [
4474:Inquisition
4468:Convivencia
4392: [
4380: [
4352: [
4249:Revisionism
4174: [
4122: [
4110: [
4098: [
4079: [
4021:Golden ages
3990: [
3987:Wunu School
3982:Archaeology
3855:Switzerland
3838:Kosovo Myth
3826:Great Union
3807: [
3792:Philippines
3775:Nationalist
3748:Ages of Man
3720: [
3708: [
3696: [
3674: [
3662: [
3498: [
3495:Revisionist
3387: [
3324:Renaissance
3189:Coloniality
3157: [
3145: [
3137:Historicity
3061:Revisionist
3051:Pop history
3022:Nationalist
2996: [
2941:Cliometrics
2909:Approaches,
2865:Methodology
2761:Linguistics
2711:Environment
2677:Vexillology
2600:Diplomatics
2583:Chorography
2522:Big History
2474:War diaries
2447:Illuminated
2442:Manuscripts
2427:Hieroglyphs
2307:historicity
1785:pp 941–997,
1002:Fritz Stern
972:Ian Kershaw
866:Ernst Nolte
846:(1862–1954)
823:(1925–1989)
817:(born 1941)
785:(1834–1896)
779:(1817–1895)
754:(1795–1886)
748:(1632–1694)
742:(1720–1794)
736:(1818–1883)
730:(1646–1716)
724:(1856–1945)
718:(1744–1803)
712:(1762–1814)
706:(1808–1884)
682:Ernst Nolte
595:Otto Hintze
506:Fritz Klein
476:during the
310:and German
289:Nationalism
110:Hegelianism
108:introduced
69:Georg Waitz
7660:Categories
7593:Television
7578:Philosophy
7553:Literature
7412:Irreligion
7397:Healthcare
7360:Corruption
7126:Chancellor
7115:(military)
7112:Bundeswehr
6623:Multimedia
6442:Technology
6406:Urreligion
6309:Kharijites
6260:Background
5928:Historical
5899:Zhou Enlai
5794:Mao Zedong
5789:Louis Riel
5562:Background
5413:Guilty Men
5355:Uniqueness
5278:Background
5273:Winter War
5197:Background
5130:Versailles
4984:Great Game
4631:Ricardians
4626:Tudor myth
4344:Partitions
3937:Succession
3227:Narratives
3212:Presentism
3168:Philosophy
2988:Humanistic
2876:Case study
2808:Indigenous
2786:Diplomatic
2730:Capitalism
2630:Onomastics
2588:Chronology
2417:Facsimiles
2402:Chronicles
2300:historians
2271:Historians
2092:Fulltext:
1503:2009-11-15
1473:2009-11-15
1112:References
1004:– cultural
919:– Nazi era
902:– Nazi era
884:– military
829:– Nazi era
800:– Nazi era
663:right-wing
7548:Libraries
7528:Festivals
7375:Education
7319:Transport
7284:companies
7203:President
7141:Elections
7106:Bundesrat
7101:Bundestag
7070:Mountains
7038:Districts
7016:Geography
6749:Visigoths
6686:Overviews
6411:Perennial
6200:Economics
6152:Feudalism
5938:Australia
5686:Aurangzeb
5662:Political
5652:By person
5333:Pius Wars
5128:Treaty of
4787:conflicts
4594:Poor Laws
4457:Hispanism
4334:Sarmatism
4164:Sonderweg
3922:Expansion
3647:Litvinism
3481:Argentina
3315:Long 18th
3198:Dark Ages
2978:Historism
2776:Political
2715:Geography
2652:Philology
2615:Genealogy
2610:Epigraphy
2553:By source
2392:Artifacts
2090:0008-9389
734:Karl Marx
676:Sonderweg
667:left-wing
591:Max Weber
430:Sonderweg
426:Sonderweg
422:Sonderweg
417:Sonderweg
397:Sonderweg
393:Sonderweg
389:Sonderweg
379:Sonderweg
373:Sonderweg
367:Max Weber
197:Communism
193:socialism
173:Feudalism
152:Karl Marx
141:Karl Marx
86:Osnabrück
7640:Category
7558:Internet
7543:Language
7533:Folklore
7452:Religion
7427:Pensions
7422:Naturism
7299:Taxation
7183:Lobbying
7156:Intersex
7089:Politics
6698:Timeline
6677:General
6670:articles
6613:Category
6528:template
6242:Religion
6093:Socrates
6008:Muhammed
5930:rankings
5811:Napoleon
5629:Category
5447:Cold War
5350:Slovakia
4937:Waterloo
4806:Crusades
4751:Military
4599:Scotland
4557:Kemalist
3879:Nam tiến
3874:Vietnam
3864:Ukraine
3822:Romania
3804:Portugal
3730:Georgia
3705:Medieval
3654:Bulgaria
3643:Belarus
3628:Austria
3434:Americas
3402:Morocco
3398:Ethiopia
3177:Specific
3100:Concepts
3005:Leninist
2963:Feminist
2951:Critical
2798:Feminism
2771:Military
2725:Business
2720:Economic
2702:Cultural
2686:By topic
2672:Toponymy
2620:Heraldry
2568:template
2515:By scale
2437:Logbooks
2422:Features
2387:Archives
2128:in JSTOR
2050:in Jstor
2029:Archived
2017:, (1989)
1931:in JSTOR
1842:in JSTOR
1770:in JSTOR
1729:in JSTOR
1641:in JSTOR
1587:in JSTOR
1360:in JSTOR
1329:(1915).
1276:in JSTOR
1222:in JSTOR
1146:Lectures
1126:in JSTOR
1090:See also
974:– Hitler
940:– Hitler
665:against
250:and the
7617:Outline
7523:Fashion
7510:Cuisine
7472:Culture
7437:Poverty
7380:Germans
7343:Society
7324:Welfare
7309:Tourism
7266:Exports
7239:Banking
7217:Economy
7121:Cabinet
7060:Islands
7055:Geology
6978:Regions
6744:Teutons
6717:Ancient
6679:History
6666:Germany
6548:Related
6438:Science
6083:Madonna
6055:Judaism
6018:Judaism
5850:Saladin
5740:Hypatia
5664:leaders
5588:Related
5541:Origins
5504:Origins
5455:Origins
5011:Origins
4957:Origins
4823:Origins
4685:Oceania
4648:British
4586:Kingdom
4229:Ireland
4136:Germany
3844:Sweden
3717:New Age
3693:Ancient
3689:Europe
3685:Croatia
3617:Albania
3610:Eurasia
3412:Rwanda
3110:General
3010:Marxist
2911:schools
2740:Thought
2707:Ecology
2469:Scrolls
2407:Codices
2375:Sources
2314:history
2291:History
2024:(2001)
2000:1429974
1942:(1989).
1826:, ed.,
1818:excerpt
1712:excerpt
1710:(2012)
1700:(1997)
1690:(2000)
1387:(1978).
1316:(1957).
1178:(1994).
986:– Nazis
661:pitted
415:of the
203:Niebuhr
183:, with
126:freedom
7645:Portal
7500:Cinema
7480:Anthem
7447:Racism
7261:Energy
7075:Rivers
7033:States
7003:, 1848
6839:Modern
6668:
6174:Salons
5976:Others
5943:Canada
5577:Causes
5514:Causes
5489:Causes
5283:Spirit
5217:Causes
5187:Causes
5052:Causes
5021:Causes
4994:Causes
4972:Causes
4903:Causes
4650:Empire
4584:United
4550:Turkey
4365:Russia
4339:Deluge
4322:Poland
4062:France
3860:Taiwan
3833:Serbia
3639:Balhae
3490:Causes
3441:Canada
3375:Egypt
3368:Africa
2892:Tarikh
2813:Labour
2803:Gender
2793:Social
2593:dating
2459:Papyri
2382:Annals
2208:online
2184:online
2152:online
2136:(2008)
2118:online
2088:
2060:online
1998:
1971:online
1961:online
1951:online
1897:online
1885:
1860:(2000)
1852:online
1832:online
1808:online
1777:, ed.
1754:(2003)
1656:(2006)
1649:(2008)
1546:(2001)
1345:(2014)
1331:online
1193:online
1150:p. 138
964:, and
504:where
407:, the
7624:Index
7588:Sport
7573:Names
7568:Music
7563:Media
7518:Dance
7390:Women
7355:Crime
7329:Women
7065:Lakes
6739:Goths
6421:Roman
6333:]
6147:]
6060:Islam
6030:Jesus
5918:]
5906:]
5894:]
5862:]
5838:]
5801:]
5764:]
5752:]
5720:]
5708:]
5433:]
5323:Nakba
5119:]
5083:]
5033:]
4915:]
4898:]
4541:]
4529:]
4505:]
4486:]
4441:Spain
4396:]
4384:]
4356:]
4263:Italy
4201:India
4178:]
4126:]
4114:]
4102:]
4083:]
3994:]
3969:China
3811:]
3770:Korea
3765:Japan
3754:Iran
3743:Greek
3724:]
3712:]
3700:]
3678:]
3671:Early
3666:]
3527:Casta
3502:]
3424:Maafa
3391:]
3161:]
3149:]
3000:]
2840:Women
2835:Urban
2823:Rural
2818:LGBTQ
2574:Books
2412:Deeds
2349:Types
2094:Ebsco
1996:JSTOR
1238:p.254
169:class
7538:Flag
7495:Arts
7161:LGBT
6512:list
5107:1917
4119:Lyon
3590:Eras
3509:Peru
3244:list
3191:and
3071:Whig
2278:list
2086:ISSN
1883:ISBN
657:The
636:The
624:and
605:and
585:the
561:and
549:and
537:The
381:and
187:and
112:and
74:The
27:The
7490:Art
7173:Law
3238:Pax
1988:doi
589:of
7662::
6331:it
6145:pt
5916:zh
5904:zh
5892:zh
5860:zh
5836:es
5799:zh
5762:ru
5750:zh
5718:zh
5706:zh
5431:fr
5117:ru
5081:fr
5058:/
5031:es
4913:ru
4896:fr
4539:es
4527:es
4503:es
4484:es
4394:ru
4382:ru
4354:pl
4176:de
4124:fr
4112:fr
4100:fr
4081:fr
3992:zh
3809:pt
3722:ru
3710:ru
3698:ru
3676:ru
3664:de
3500:es
3389:es
3159:de
3147:es
2998:pt
1994:.
1984:11
1982:.
1938:.
1872:36
1867:.
1617:.
1482:^
1236:,
1148:,
960:,
956::
654:.
609:.
601:,
597:,
557:,
369:.
285:.
254:.
6658:e
6651:t
6644:v
6514:)
6510:(
6440:/
5072:)
5068:(
5062:)
5054:(
4743:e
4736:t
4729:v
4245:"
4241:"
2570:)
2566:(
2250:e
2243:t
2236:v
2154:.
2002:.
1990::
1621:.
1506:.
1476:.
1152:.
968:)
525:(
314:.
147:.
116:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
