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51:
134:
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30:
345:, rather than as a hospital ship. Their reasons for doubting her status as a hospital ship were the dumping of documents by the crew, the transmission of a coded message before the boarding, and the destruction of the ship's wireless set. Furthermore, the ship was not included in the list of hospital ships that were exchanged at the start of the war.
373:
to pick up any survivors. However, the
English captured her and made her prize, charging us with having sent her for scouting purposes, although she was obviously fitted up as a hospital ship and bore all the requisite markings...We also considered ourselves released from our obligations and with far
356:
had 600 green, 480 red and 140 white lights, and all records of how many she had before the seizure were destroyed before boarding. For comparison, a
British hospital ship would stock about 12 lights of each colour.
1319:
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was sent to investigate the ship. As it approached for boarding and inspection it was observed that her commander, Dr. Pfeiffer, threw overboard a number of documents and secret codes.
1304:
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noticed the submarine she began to flee the area, further raising suspicions as her supposed task of searching for German survivors was not completed. Under
Article 4 of
748:
1329:
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1289:
1274:
420:
655:
652:"Convention (II) for the Amelioration of the Condition of Wounded, Sick and Shipwrecked Members of Armed Forces at Sea. Geneva, 12 August 1949"
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more justification took action against hospital ships which, under cover of the Red Cross flag, were patently used for the transport of troops. —
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were discovered on board. Fired from special pistols, Verey lights can be used as signal devices. The
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radio set, at that time unusual for a hospital ship, to communicate with the German wireless base at
264:
218:
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Germany later used the seizure of the
Ophelia to try and justify its attacks on hospital ships:
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to search for survivors. Suspicions were aroused when
British intelligence learned that
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wireless transmissions; secret codes or their use are forbidden on hospital ships.
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230:
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originally built by a German shipping company, but requisitioned for use as a
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316:, hospital ships cannot be seized but they can be inspected by enemy craft.
210:
485:
German and
Austrian U-boats of World War I - Kaiserliche Marine - Uboat.net
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398:. On 21 December 1915 she was torpedoed and sunk by the German
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On 17 October, 1914 ... we sent out the hospital ship
1320:
World War I crimes by the
British Empire and Commonwealth
240:
After her seizure, she operated in
British service as
294:. In addition to using wireless radio she was using
1335:
Violations of medical neutrality during World War I
1199:
1062:
939:
762:
591:
589:
544:
The handbook of humanitarian law in armed conflicts
1057:Shipwrecks and maritime incidents in December 1915
542:Fleck, Dieter; Bothe, Michael (18 November 1999).
757:Shipwrecks and maritime incidents in October 1914
474:
472:
470:
229:was boarded on 17 October 1914 and seized by the
1300:World War I merchant ships of the United Kingdom
1305:Ships sunk by German submarines in World War I
630:. Vol. 2. DIANE Publishing. p. 750.
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441:
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225:. After being viewed acting suspiciously, the
1315:World War I shipwrecks in the English Channel
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537:
535:
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8:
1049:
1035:
1027:
749:
735:
727:
503:
501:
421:List of hospital ships sunk in World War I
407:.75 miles (1.21 km) off the Boulogne
706:Sir Andrew Macphail (28 February 2000).
656:International Committee of the Red Cross
390:and used her for transporting fuel from
1330:Attacks on hospitals during World War I
431:
92:1914 Imperial German Navy Hospital ship
1325:World War I crimes by Imperial Germany
1290:World War I auxiliary ships of Germany
708:"Royal Canadian Naval Medical Service"
451:. The Ships List. 2009. Archived from
301:While in the area, British submarine,
255:On 17 October 1914 a number of German
24:
710:. Great War Primary Documents Archive
308:, shadowed the German ship. When the
130:
47:
7:
626:Beam, Thomas E; Sparacino, Linette.
574:. Roll-of-Honour.com. 21 March 2009
158:Torpedoed and sunk 21 December 1915
102:Flensburger Schiffsbau Gesellschaft
1275:Maritime incidents in October 1914
596:Frederick Edwin Smith Birkenhead.
14:
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1245:
1233:
1225:
1012:
1007:
995:
987:
386:The British renamed the ship SS
132:
49:
28:
481:"Ships hit during WWI: Huntly"
1:
1280:Hospital ships in World War I
550:. p. 479; Clause: 1058.
247:until sunk in December 1915.
278:. German command sent out a
89:1912–14 Hamburg London Linie
509:"Hold German Hospital Ship"
237:concerning hospital ships.
1356:
1310:Maritime incidents in 1915
259:were destroyed during the
235:Hague Convention X of 1907
15:
1220:
982:
162:
42:
27:
1285:Ships built in Flensburg
598:Famous Trials of History
263:by the British cruiser,
197:Pfeiffer at the British
126:Captured 17 October 1914
18:Ophelia (disambiguation)
628:Military Medical Ethics
548:Oxford University Press
163:General characteristics
678:"The Ophelia's status"
449:"Kirsten – The Fleets"
379:
348:An enormous number of
201:
190:
479:Helgason, Guðmundur.
376:German Admiral Scheer
367:
196:
189:on their way to court
180:
602:Kessinger Publishing
219:Imperial German Navy
78:Imperial German Navy
16:For other uses, see
329:Reasons for seizure
685:The New York Times
616:– Total pages: 316
516:The New York Times
455:on 10 October 2009
314:Hague Convention X
202:
191:
1262:
1261:
1024:
1023:
786:Alma A. E. Holmes
687:. 6 November 1914
600:(2003 ed.).
572:"HM Submarine D8"
546:(1999 ed.).
335:British Admiralty
292:Norddeich station
185:escorted through
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261:Battle off Texel
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1200:Other incidents
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1189:Thomas Winsmore
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940:Other incidents
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604:. p. 273.
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361:German response
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270:, while laying
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223:First World War
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110:16 January 1912
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1005:September 1914
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276:Haak lightship
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233:for violating
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139:United Kingdom
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1340:Prize warfare
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1243:November 1915
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1018:November 1914
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915:30 Oct: HMHS
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637:1-4289-1066-2
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611:0-7661-6167-6
607:
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559:
557:0-19-829867-6
553:
549:
545:
538:
536:
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518:. 22 May 1915
517:
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280:hospital ship
277:
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269:
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258:
257:torpedo boats
250:
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216:
215:hospital ship
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57:German Empire
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41:
37:
31:
26:
23:
19:
1256:January 1916
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724:
712:. Retrieved
701:
689:. Retrieved
684:
672:
660:. Retrieved
646:
627:
621:
597:
576:. Retrieved
566:
543:
520:. Retrieved
515:
488:. Retrieved
484:
457:. Retrieved
453:the original
409:light vessel
403:
387:
385:
370:
368:
364:
353:
350:Verey lights
347:
343:prize of war
338:
332:
321:
318:
309:
304:
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286:was using a
283:
266:
254:
243:
241:
239:
226:
205:
204:
203:
182:
181:Crew of the
148:
67:
35:
22:
714:2 September
691:2 September
662:3 September
578:3 September
522:2 September
490:3 September
459:3 September
337:seized the
272:naval mines
221:during the
199:Prize Court
1295:1912 ships
1269:Categories
1064:Shipwrecks
956:Wasgenwald
764:Shipwrecks
427:References
392:Portishead
231:Royal Navy
1171:HMS
1160:SMS
1147:SMS
1136:HMS
1115:SMS
1104:SMS
1075:Intrepido
927:HMS
906:SMS
881:Audacious
879:HMS
868:SMS
847:HMS
836:SMS
829:SMS
824:Takachiho
818:Holland 4
816:HMS
805:HMS
774:SMS
382:Aftermath
320:HMS
303:HMS
267:Undaunted
265:HMS
211:steamship
115:Completed
1169:30 Dec:
1145:29 Dec:
1134:26 Dec:
1124:21 Dec:
1113:17 Dec:
1102:12 Dec:
963:17 Oct:
947:10 Oct:
925:31 Oct:
904:29 Oct:
897:Zhemchug
891:Mousquet
888:28 Oct:
877:27 Oct:
866:22 Oct:
856:20 Oct:
845:18 Oct:
814:17 Oct:
803:15 Oct:
793:11 Oct:
783:10 Oct:
415:See also
396:Boulogne
288:wireless
107:Launched
74:Operator
1162:Triglav
1127:Huntley
1095:Orteric
1092:9 Dec:
1085:Fresnel
1082:5 Dec:
1072:4 Dec:
972:Ophelia
966:Noordam
918:Rohilla
796:Pallada
772:6 Oct:
388:Huntley
371:Ophelia
354:Ophelia
339:Ophelia
310:Ophelia
284:Ophelia
251:Seizure
244:Huntley
227:Ophelia
217:by the
206:Ophelia
183:Ophelia
168:Tonnage
149:Huntley
99:Builder
68:Ophelia
43:History
36:Ophelia
1179:Persia
1117:Bremen
929:Hermes
859:Glitra
658:. 2009
634:
608:
554:
400:U-boat
322:Meteor
209:was a
187:London
1210:Dardo
1173:Natal
1155:Monge
950:Akula
908:Tiger
870:Temes
807:Hawke
681:(PDF)
512:(PDF)
404:UB-10
341:as a
296:coded
171:1,153
84:Route
1239:1916
1231:1915
1223:1914
1149:Lika
1106:V107
1001:1915
993:1914
985:1913
838:S119
831:S115
776:S116
716:2009
693:2009
664:2009
632:ISBN
606:ISBN
580:2009
552:ISBN
524:2009
492:2009
461:2009
333:The
274:off
155:Fate
145:Name
123:Fate
118:1912
64:Name
394:to
242:SS
34:SS
1271::
1176:,
1158:,
1152:,
1138:E6
969:.
953:,
894:,
849:E3
834:,
827:,
821:,
683:.
654:.
588:^
532:^
514:.
500:^
483:.
469:^
434:^
411:.
305:D8
1050:e
1043:t
1036:v
750:e
743:t
736:v
718:.
695:.
666:.
640:.
614:.
582:.
560:.
526:.
494:.
463:.
20:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
