525:
274:
714:
302:
290:
328:
700:
344:
115:
108:
430:
668:
Gerhard Hahne, Die
Inflation der Markwährungen und das postalische Geschehen im litauisch-polnischen Raum, Forschungsgemeinschaft Litauen im Bund Deutscher Philatelisten e.V., Uetze, (1996)
931:
777:
294:
941:
921:
926:
916:
690:
936:
911:
844:
747:
524:
650:
423:
874:
150:
654:
307:
93:
819:
740:
719:
478:
65:
859:
854:
804:
600:
216:
79:
17:
761:
499:
391:
202:
188:
137:
51:
37:
814:
640:
449:
in 1918 for use in a part of the eastern areas under German control at that time, the
905:
809:
799:
733:
630:
446:
273:
864:
849:
725:
705:
368:
890:
594:
387:
This infobox shows the latest status before this currency was rendered obsolete.
839:
834:
829:
695:
114:
581:
carry a warning against forging banknotes in German, Latvian and
Lithuanian.
869:
590:
333:
756:
458:
452:
436:
289:
280:
794:
349:
180:
493:
474:
377:
107:
523:
729:
639:, which already suffered from inflation (and would spiral into
633:. The reason for the replacement was the link to the
597:
until 1 October 1922, when they were replaced by the
883:
787:
770:
678:
The Postal and
Monetary History of Latvia 1918–1945
589:The Ostmark and Ostrubel continued to circulate in
366:
361:
316:
262:
254:
246:
241:
224:
163:
156:
149:
136:
131:
28:
644:
612:
606:
598:
85:
691:German banknotes, a.o. Ostrubels and Ostmarks.
57:
741:
208:
71:
8:
666:
634:
624:
618:
576:
528:
511:
505:
497:
487:
480:
468:
462:
450:
440:
412:
400:
393:
374:
278:
194:
178:
43:
29:
23:
780:(konvertibilna marka, конвертибилна марка)
748:
734:
726:
680:, own book, 1991, pp. 14–13 - 14–15.
778:Bosnia and Herzegovina convertible mark
22:
422:
237:ℳ, 1ℳ, 2ℳ, 5ℳ, 20ℳ, 50ℳ, 100ℳ, 1,000ℳ
7:
537:The denominations available were:
16:For the East German currency, see
14:
712:
698:
457:area. The currency consisted of
342:
326:
300:
295:Duchy of Courland and Semigallia
288:
272:
113:
106:
932:1918 establishments in Germany
845:German South West African Mark
676:N. Jakimovs and V. Marcilger,
461:issued on 4 April 1918 by the
1:
942:Currencies introduced in 1918
922:German Empire in World War I
958:
927:Modern obsolete currencies
15:
575:The reverse sides of the
492:circulated alongside the
435:) is the name given to a
385:
101:
72:
917:Currencies of Lithuania
875:South West African mark
477:) and was equal to the
937:1922 disestablishments
667:
645:
635:
625:
619:
613:
607:
599:
577:
534:
529:
512:
506:
498:
488:
481:
469:
463:
451:
441:
413:
402:2 Ostmark = 1 Ostrubel
401:
394:
375:
279:
209:
195:
179:
86:
58:
44:
30:
912:Currencies of Germany
578:Darlehnskassenscheine
527:
390:Circulated alongside
533:from Lithuania, 1918
445:which was issued by
247:Date of introduction
308:United Baltic Duchy
25:
720:Numismatics portal
629:, for example, on
535:
424:[ˈɔstmaʁk]
318:Unofficial user(s)
255:Date of withdrawal
899:
898:
884:As a denomination
840:German Rentenmark
835:German Reichsmark
830:German Papiermark
409:
408:
354:
338:
127:
126:
949:
860:New Guinean mark
855:Lodz Ghetto mark
805:East German mark
750:
743:
736:
727:
722:
717:
716:
715:
708:
703:
702:
701:
673:
670:
648:
638:
628:
622:
616:
610:
604:
593:from the end of
580:
549:
548:
544:
532:
515:
509:
503:
491:
484:
472:
466:
456:
444:
434:
433:
432:
426:
421:
416:
404:
397:
381:
371:
352:
348:
346:
345:
336:
332:
330:
329:
319:
306:
304:
303:
293:
292:
284:
277:
276:
265:
264:Official user(s)
236:
235:
231:
220:
212:
206:
198:
192:
184:
175:
174:
173:
169:
144:
117:
110:
103:
102:
97:
89:
83:
75:
74:
69:
61:
55:
47:
41:
33:
26:
18:East German mark
957:
956:
952:
951:
950:
948:
947:
946:
902:
901:
900:
895:
879:
783:
766:
754:
718:
713:
711:
704:
699:
697:
687:
671:
663:
587:
546:
542:
541:
522:
494:Imperial rouble
439:denominated in
429:
428:
427:
419:
405:
376:Darlehnskasse,
367:
357:
343:
341:
327:
325:
317:
312:
301:
299:
287:
271:
263:
233:
229:
228:
214:
207:
200:
193:
186:
171:
167:
166:
164:
142:
91:
84:
77:
70:
63:
56:
49:
42:
35:
21:
12:
11:
5:
955:
953:
945:
944:
939:
934:
929:
924:
919:
914:
904:
903:
897:
896:
894:
893:
887:
885:
881:
880:
878:
877:
872:
867:
862:
857:
852:
847:
842:
837:
832:
827:
825:German ostmark
822:
817:
815:Finnish markka
812:
807:
802:
797:
791:
789:
785:
784:
782:
781:
774:
772:
768:
767:
755:
753:
752:
745:
738:
730:
724:
723:
709:
694:
693:
686:
685:External links
683:
682:
681:
674:
662:
659:
643:in 1923). The
641:hyperinflation
631:postage stamps
617:were used for
586:
583:
573:
572:
569:
566:
563:
560:
557:
554:
551:
521:
518:
407:
406:
389:
383:
382:
372:
364:
363:
359:
358:
356:
355:
339:
322:
320:
314:
313:
311:
310:
297:
285:
268:
266:
260:
259:
256:
252:
251:
248:
244:
243:
239:
238:
226:
222:
221:
196:fenig, fenigów
176:
161:
160:
158:
154:
153:
147:
146:
140:
134:
133:
129:
128:
125:
124:
122:
119:
118:
111:
99:
98:
24:German ostmark
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
954:
943:
940:
938:
935:
933:
930:
928:
925:
923:
920:
918:
915:
913:
910:
909:
907:
892:
889:
888:
886:
882:
876:
873:
871:
868:
866:
863:
861:
858:
856:
853:
851:
848:
846:
843:
841:
838:
836:
833:
831:
828:
826:
823:
821:
818:
816:
813:
811:
810:Estonian mark
808:
806:
803:
801:
800:Deutsche Mark
798:
796:
793:
792:
790:
786:
779:
776:
775:
773:
769:
764:
763:
758:
751:
746:
744:
739:
737:
732:
731:
728:
721:
710:
707:
696:
692:
689:
688:
684:
679:
675:
669:
665:
664:
660:
658:
656:
652:
647:
642:
637:
632:
627:
621:
615:
609:
603:
602:
596:
592:
584:
582:
579:
570:
567:
564:
561:
558:
555:
552:
540:
539:
538:
531:
530:1,000 Ostmark
526:
520:Denominations
519:
517:
514:
510:equal to one
508:
502:
501:
495:
490:
485:
483:
476:
471:
465:
464:Darlehnskasse
460:
455:
454:
448:
443:
438:
431:
425:
417:
415:
403:
398:
396:
388:
384:
380:
379:
373:
370:
365:
360:
351:
340:
335:
324:
323:
321:
315:
309:
298:
296:
291:
286:
283:
282:
275:
270:
269:
267:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
240:
227:
223:
218:
211:
204:
197:
190:
183:
182:
177:
162:
159:
155:
152:
151:Denominations
148:
141:
139:
135:
130:
123:
121:
120:
116:
112:
109:
105:
104:
100:
95:
88:
81:
67:
60:
53:
46:
39:
32:
27:
19:
865:Polish marka
850:Hamburg mark
824:
760:
706:Money portal
677:
661:Bibliography
605:. The names
588:
574:
536:
411:
410:
386:
369:Central bank
250:4 April 1918
242:Demographics
820:German mark
771:Circulating
672:(in German)
655:U.S. dollar
595:World War I
571:1000 marks.
504:, with two
459:paper money
906:Categories
891:Merk Scots
765:or similar
757:Currencies
636:Papiermark
568:100 marks;
482:Papiermark
94:Lithuanian
870:Saar mark
591:Lithuania
585:Aftermath
565:50 marks;
562:20 marks;
353:(1918–19)
337:(1918–22)
334:Lithuania
225:Banknotes
614:auksinas
608:skatikas
559:5 marks;
556:2 marks;
513:Ostrubel
500:Ostrubel
496:and the
453:Ober Ost
437:currency
395:Ostrubel
362:Issuance
281:Ober Ost
87:ostmarkė
73:остмарка
66:Estonian
45:ostmarka
795:AM-Mark
788:Defunct
653:to the
620:Pfennig
553:1 mark;
545:⁄
507:Ostmark
489:Ostmark
479:German
447:Germany
420:German:
414:Ostmark
399:, with
392:German
350:Estonia
232:⁄
217:Latvian
181:pfennig
170:⁄
165:
157:Subunit
145:
80:Russian
59:idamark
31:Ostmark
759:named
651:pegged
486:. The
475:Kaunas
347:
331:
305:
213:
210:feniņš
203:Polish
199:
189:German
185:
138:Symbol
90:
76:
62:
52:Polish
48:
38:German
34:
646:litas
601:litas
550:mark;
470:Kowno
378:Kowno
762:mark
649:was
626:Mark
623:and
611:and
442:Mark
258:1922
132:Unit
467:in
172:100
908::
657:.
516:.
749:e
742:t
735:v
547:2
543:1
473:(
418:(
234:2
230:1
219:)
215:(
205:)
201:(
191:)
187:(
168:1
143:ℳ
96:)
92:(
82:)
78:(
68:)
64:(
54:)
50:(
40:)
36:(
20:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
