2055:
underwater and fight it with depth charges. Thus, submarines had been rendered largely ineffective by sonar. U 480 proved for the first time that a so-called "Alberich" camouflage – named after the eponymous character in the Saga of the
Nibelungs – worked. On its first voyage into the well-protected English Channel, U 480 sank four ships at once. The British were able to intercept and decode the Germans' secret radio communications, but it took them several weeks to realize what weapon the Germans had developed. Once they knew, a dramatic hunt began for the stealth submarine, using a simple stratagem of war to sink it. The wreck of U 480 was not discovered until 1998. The documentary by John Ruthven and Peter Bardehle accompanies the first diving expedition with Berlin submarine historian Axel Niestlé and reconstructs the fate of hunters and hunted in the winter of 1944/1945.
30:
1052:
1021:
982:
945:
7845:
7828:
7840:
7820:
685:
673:
711:
The rubber contained a series of holes, which helped break up sound waves. There were problems with this technology: the material performed differently at different depths, due to the holes being compressed by water pressure, and securing the tiles to the submarine's hull required a special adhesive
707:
reduced echoes by 15% in the 10 to 18 kHz range. This frequency range matched the operating range of the early ASDIC active sonar used by the Allies. The ASDIC types 123, 123A, 144 and 145 all operated in the 14 to 22 kHz range. However, this degradation in echo reflection was not uniform
635:
The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 17.7 knots (32.8 km/h; 20.4 mph) and a maximum submerged speed of 7.6 knots (14.1 km/h; 8.7 mph). When submerged, the boat could operate for 80 nautical miles (150 km; 92 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph); when
2054:
The world's first stealth submarine, developed and used by the German
Kriegsmarine during World War II, was completely covered with rubber. The rubber had small holes in it that made the submarine invisible to British sonar. Until then, warships could use sound waves to locate any submarine
695:
Rubber foil containing air holes can be used to reduce the sound waves reflected under water by structures when foil thickness is small by comparison with the sound wavelength in water, providing a low reflectivity over a narrow frequency range.
1748:
Die
Ritterkreuzträger Die Inhaber des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939 von Heer, Luftwaffe, Kriegsmarine, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm sowie mit Deutschland verbündeter Streitkräfte nach den Unterlagen des
899:. Subsequent research by the Naval Historical Branch established that it had fallen victim to the secret minefield 'Brazier D2' sometime between 29 January and 20 February. A mine had damaged the stern of
708:
at all diving depths due to the voids being compressed by the water pressure. An additional benefit of the coating was it acted as a sound dampener, containing the U-boat's own engine noises.
7894:
597:
had a displacement of 769 tonnes (757 long tons) when at the surface and 871 tonnes (857 long tons) while submerged. She had a total length of 67.10 m (220 ft 2 in), a
903:, sending it to the bottom 55 metres (180 ft) down. The entire crew of 48 was lost. Helmsman Horst Rösner only survived because he had been left behind in Norway for training.
2093:
2032:
7161:
1653:
Die
Sonaranlagen der deutschen Unterseeboote: Entwicklung, Erprobung, Einsatz und Wirkung akustischer Ortungs- und Täuschungseinrichtungen der deutschen Unterseeboote
1576:
1193:
856:, Norway, on 6 January 1945 for its third and last patrol. It did not return. In 1997, the wreck of a Type VIIC U-boat was discovered by accident by divers at
7919:
7889:
729:
had a perforated inner rubber layer covered by a smooth outer one. This formed air pockets with the right separation and size to muffle sonar waves.
2086:
1418:
628:
producing a total of 750 metric horsepower (550 kW; 740 shp) for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two 1.23 m (4 ft)
7914:
7215:
7209:
7316:
7874:
7309:
7154:
1995:
1803:
1756:
1705:
1588:
1373:
1169:
7869:
7574:
7848:
7844:
7839:
7835:
2079:
1610:
Sound absorption and sound absorbers in water. (Dynamic properties of rubber and rubberlike substances in the acoustic frequency region)
838:
7436:
7176:
7543:
7360:
7283:
1976:
1957:
1934:
1660:
1639:
1551:
1042:
1011:
703:
and his team developed a 4-millimetre (0.16 in) thick tile consisting of two 2-millimetre thick foils of synthetic rubber. The
620:
producing a total of 2,800 to 3,200 metric horsepower (2,060 to 2,350 kW; 2,760 to 3,160 shp) for use while surfaced, two
834:
On the second patrol, Förster departed from Brest in occupied France on 3 August 1944, and sank two warships and two merchantmen:
7904:
7147:
7442:
7389:
574:
carried out three war patrols, all under Förster's command. Because of its coating, the boat was sent to the heavily defended
7879:
7371:
7238:
7226:
5603:
1721:
1612:. NavShips900, 164. Translated by Mongan, Charles E. Washington, D.C.: Dept. of the Navy, Bureau of Ships. pp. 293–309.
859:
7884:
2551:
2544:
2537:
2530:
2523:
2358:
2351:
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surfaced, she could travel 8,500 nautical miles (15,700 km; 9,800 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph).
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2144:
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733:
1971:. German Warships 1815–1945. Vol. 2. Translated by Thomas, Keith; Magowan, Rachel. London: Conway Maritime Press.
7802:
1770:
1793:
1605:
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7827:
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7819:
7815:
7414:
7354:
7348:
7342:
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7330:
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995:
1847:"The Archaeology of Second World War U-boat Losses in the English Channel and its Impact on the Historical Record"
1672:
1330:
824:
590:
586:
554:
501:
127:
7422:
1514:
1492:
649:
337:
1284:"One‐dimensional model for acoustic absorption in a viscoelastic medium containing short cylindrical cavities"
1695:
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531:
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7514:
958:
828:
1820:
7716:
7707:
7458:
7259:
1295:
793:
700:
563:
389:
7139:
625:
7899:
7785:
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7604:
7597:
7582:
1093:
1089:
950:
381:
373:
7770:
7551:
7497:
2102:
1929:. Translated by Brooks, Geoffrey. London, Annapolis, Md: Greenhill Books, Naval Institute Press.
1876:
1187:
971:
558:
515:
1606:"Introduction to the physics and technology of resonance sound – absorbers for underwater sound"
275:
8,500 nmi (15,700 km; 9,800 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph) surfaced
7430:
7200:
7121:
7115:
1991:
1972:
1953:
1930:
1868:
1799:
1752:
1701:
1656:
1635:
1584:
1557:
1547:
1369:
1311:
1247:
1175:
1165:
661:
621:
354:
605:
of 6.20 m (20 ft 4 in), a height of 9.60 m (31 ft 6 in), and a
7738:
7634:
7396:
7289:
1858:
1613:
1581:
Total
Undersea War: The Evolutionary Role of the Snorkel in Dönitz's U-Boat Fleet, 1944–1945
1430:
1361:
1303:
1239:
815:, none of the other German submarines of this type with this equipment was lost in combat.
715:
The first tests were conducted in 1940, but it was not used operationally until 1944, with
7463:
7232:
7193:
1477:. Series IV, Technical Reports #351-45 thru #370-45. Vol. Report No. 352-45. US Navy.
896:
602:
575:
242:
111:
2060:
1353:
1299:
278:
80 nmi (150 km; 92 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph) submerged
1057:
1026:
606:
546:
64:
1265:
Oberst, Hermann (1953). "Resonant Sound
Absorbers". In Richardson, Edward Gick (ed.).
1227:
7863:
7536:
7531:
1880:
1243:
888:
721:
704:
617:
610:
598:
519:
236:
172:
7794:
1952:]. Der U-Boot-Krieg (in German). Vol. IV. Hamburg, Berlin, Bonn: Mittler.
1617:
934:
657:
641:
614:
508:
497:
351:
317:
35:
1863:
1846:
1725:
1365:
1283:
1266:
632:. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to 230 metres (750 ft).
7731:
7698:
7618:
1162:
Secret projects of the
Kriegsmarine : unseen designs of Nazi Germany's navy
1001:
542:
257:
2043:
1451:
1395:
7762:
7684:
7274:
1179:
987:
331:
110:
Sunk between 29 January and 20 February 1945 in minefield "Brazier D2" in the
1895:
1872:
1771:
The 'Atlas' Survey Zone: Deep-sea
Archaeology & U-boat Loss Reassessments
1475:
Rubber
Covering of German Submarines Anti-Asdic (German code name "Alberich')
1315:
1251:
874:
861:
7753:
7448:
7267:
4406:
1561:
853:
629:
415:
130:
684:
2035:, part of a National Geographic Channel documentary television episode on
1543:
The U-boat : the evolution and technical history of German submarines
7744:
7252:
1927:
German U-boat commanders of World War II : a biographical dictionary
1541:
961:
527:
217:
2,800–3,200 PS (2,100–2,400 kW; 2,800–3,200 bhp) (diesels)
147:
1228:"Absorption mechanisms for waterborne sound in Alberich anechoic layers"
672:
609:
of 4.74 m (15 ft 7 in). The submarine was powered by two
1434:
645:
324:
2071:
680:
tile, illustrating patterns of multiple holes with different diameters
1307:
528:
German mythological character who had the ability to become invisible
504:
1632:
U-Boat
Operations of the Second World War: Career Histories, U1-U510
1518:
1488:
2014:
1352:
Guicking, Dieter (2015), Xiang, Ning; Sessler, Gerhard M. (eds.),
1268:
Technical Aspects of Sound: Ultrasonic range, underwater acoustics
1135:
683:
671:
535:
143:
550:
68:
7143:
2075:
831:
RCAF, piloted by Laurance Sherman. The aircraft was shot down.
1419:"Erwin Meyer – A Great German Acoustician. Biographical Notes"
166:
1360:, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 241–276,
1473:
U.S. Naval Technical Mission in Europe (20 September 1945).
2050:
From hunter to hunted – The world's first stealth submarine
1988:
Lost patrols : submarine wrecks of the English Channel
2045:
Vom Jaeger zum Gejagten – Das erste Stealth UBoot der Welt
1209:
1207:
1205:
1203:
823:
On its first patrol, the boat was attacked by a Canadian
538:(sonar). She was one of about six Type VIIs so equipped.
518:
submarine, it was equipped with a special rubber skin of
1946:
Deutsche U-Boot-Verluste von September 1939 bis Mai 1945
644:(four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteen
1751:(in German). Jena, Germany: Scherzers Militaer-Verlag.
732:
Other U-boats with the anechoic tiles coating include:
1795:
Lost Patrols: Submarine Wrecks of the English Channel
1950:
German U-boat losses from September 1939 to May 1945
1333:[Resonance absorbers of water-borne sound].
7668:
7175:
7071:
7018:
6356:
2369:
2190:
2109:
1967:Gröner, Erich; Jung, Dieter; Maass, Martin (1991).
1697:The Royal Navy and Anti-Submarine Warfare, 1917–49
601:length of 50.50 m (165 ft 8 in), a
263:7.6 knots (14.1 km/h; 8.7 mph) submerged
220:750 PS (550 kW; 740 shp) (electric)
7170:Shipwrecks and maritime incidents in January 1945
1288:The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
189:4.70 m (15 ft 5 in) pressure hull
1354:"Research on Underwater Acoustics in Göttingen"
640:was fitted with five 53.3 cm (21 in)
7895:World War II shipwrecks in the English Channel
887:, 20 kilometres (12 mi) southwest of the
7155:
2087:
2042:Bardehle, Peter; Ruthven, John, eds. (2008).
1821:"U-480: The Kriegsmarine's Stealth Submarine"
1798:. Periscope Publishing Ltd. pp. 99–100.
1446:
1444:
530:), that made it difficult to detect with the
8:
1694:Llewellyn-Jones, Malcolm (8 December 2005).
1271:. Vol. II. Elsevier Publishing Company.
1164:. Alessio Sgarlato. Barnsley, S. Yorkshire.
650:8.8 cm (3.46 in) SK C/35 naval gun
2052:] (Television production) (in German).
891:. The following year, it was identified as
7162:
7148:
7140:
2094:
2080:
2072:
1944:Busch, Rainer; Röll, Hans-Joachim (1999).
1925:Busch, Rainer; Röll, Hans-Joachim (1999).
1192:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1160:Sgarlato, Nico; Sgarlato, Alessio (2022).
1129:
1127:
1125:
1123:
1121:
1119:
1117:
1115:
1113:
910:
1862:
1583:. Seaforth Publishing. pp. 104–118.
1358:Acoustics, Information, and Communication
837:For his success, Förster was awarded the
114:, with the loss of the entire crew of 48.
725:television episode "Stealth Submarine",
260:(32.8 km/h; 20.4 mph) surfaced
1109:
1081:
553:as yard number 311 on 8 December 1942,
1604:Meyer, Erwin; Oberst, Hermann (1950).
1329:Meyer, Erwin; Oberst, Hermann (1952).
1213:
1185:
1092:. Military vessels are listed by tons
186:6.20 m (20 ft 4 in) o/a
18:
1495:from the original on 17 December 2010
1417:Guicking, Dieter (1 September 2013).
171:50.50 m (165 ft 8 in)
165:67.23 m (220 ft 7 in)
26:
7:
1773:(Report). Odyssey Marine Exploration
153:871 t (857 long tons) submerged
1845:McCartney, Innes (2 January 2020).
1515:"ASDIC Equipment Types – Section B"
1489:"ASDIC Equipment Types – Section A"
1331:"Resonanzabsorber für Wasserschall"
660:anti-aircraft guns. The boat had a
514:Considered by many to be the first
338:8.8 cm (3.46 in) deck gun
7920:Maritime incidents in January 1945
7890:World War II submarines of Germany
2019:German U-boats of WWII – uboat.net
1900:German U-boats of WWII – uboat.net
1722:"Operations information for U-480"
1575:Hamilton, Aaron S. (30 May 2020).
1423:Acta Acustica United with Acustica
1335:Acta Acustica United with Acustica
1140:German U-boats of WWII – uboat.net
654:3.7 cm (1.5 in) Flak M42
345:3.7 cm (1.5 in) Flak M42
296:: 250–295 m (820–968 ft)
207:4.74 m (15 ft 7 in)
199:9.60 m (31 ft 6 in)
14:
664:of between forty-four and sixty.
394:15 October 1944 – 29 January 1945
7843:
7838:
7826:
7818:
1969:U-boats and Mine Warfare Vessels
1724:. uboatwaffe.net. Archived from
1634:. Naval Institute Press (1998).
1050:
1019:
980:
943:
424:6 October 1943 – 29 January 1945
28:
2062:Nazi Secrets | Drain the Oceans
1819:Simner, Mark (31 August 2019).
1396:"Anti Sonar Coating / Alberich"
699:The leading German acoustician
7915:Submarines lost with all hands
1088:Merchant ship tonnages are in
613:F46 four-stroke, six-cylinder
316:5 × 53.3 cm (21 in)
1:
1864:10.1080/00253359.2020.1692578
691:tiles as they appear on U-480
658:2 cm (0.79 in) C/30
626:double-acting electric motors
589:were preceded by the shorter
352:2 cm (0.79 in) C/30
16:German World War II submarine
7875:U-boats commissioned in 1943
1517:. Jerry Proc. Archived from
1366:10.1007/978-3-319-05660-9_13
1244:10.1016/0041-624X(81)90029-9
378:6 October 1943 – 31 May 1944
7870:German Type VIIC submarines
1061:
1038:
1030:
1007:
991:
967:
954:
930:
587:German Type VIIC submarines
7936:
7129:List of U-boats of Germany
2015:"The Type VIIC boat U-480"
1673:"Recubrimiento Anti-Sonar"
1540:Rössler, Eberhard (2001).
1136:"The Type VIIC boat U-480"
1064:
1048:
1041:
1033:
1017:
1010:
994:
978:
970:
957:
941:
933:
907:Summary of raiding history
895:by nautical archaeologist
306:4 officers, 40–56 enlisted
7813:
7110:
1986:McCartney, Innes (2002).
1792:McCartney, Innes (2002).
1608:. In Meyer, Erwin (ed.).
1034:Sailing in convoy ETC-72
712:and careful application.
448:3 August – 4 October 1944
362:
118:
21:
7632:Unknown date:
1655:. Bernard & Graefe.
561:on 6 October 1943 under
386:1 June – 14 October 1944
290:230 m (750 ft)
7905:Experimental submarines
1990:. Penzance: Periscope.
1746:Scherzer, Veit (2007).
1618:2027/uc1.31822010310829
119:General characteristics
1769:Niestlé, Axel (2010).
807:With the exception of
692:
681:
676:A close-up view of an
557:on 14 August 1943 and
466:2 merchant ships sunk
7880:U-boats sunk by mines
2013:Helgason, Guðmundur.
1894:Helgason, Guðmundur.
1577:"Acoustic camouflage"
1282:Gaunaurd, G. (1977).
1134:Helgason, Guðmundur.
687:
675:
401:Identification codes:
320:(four bow, one stern)
7885:U-boats sunk in 1945
1896:"Ships hit by U-480"
1851:The Mariner's Mirror
1452:"Anti Sonar Coating"
875:50.36778°N 1.73611°W
841:on 18 October 1944.
652:, (220 rounds), one
591:Type VIIB submarines
568:Hans-Joachim Förster
564:Oberleutnant zur See
495:was an experimental
442:7 June – 7 July 1944
420:Hans-Joachim Förster
390:11th U-boat Flotilla
7910:Ships built in Kiel
7573:28 Jan:
2103:Type VII submarines
2033:"Stealth Submarine"
1651:Rössler, Eberhard.
1546:. London: Cassell.
1521:on 17 December 2010
1454:. www.uboataces.com
1300:1977ASAJ...62..298G
1090:gross register tons
951:Royal Canadian Navy
871: /
719:. According to the
454:6 – 29 January 1945
382:9th U-boat Flotilla
374:5th U-boat Flotilla
7801:31 Jan:
7793:29 Jan:
7777:24 Jan:
7769:18 Jan:
7761:16 Jan:
7752:15 Jan:
7730:12 Jan:
7715:11 Jan:
7611:31 Jan:
7596:30 Jan:
7581:29 Jan:
7565:27 Jan:
7550:26 Jan:
7529:24 Jan:
7521:23 Jan:
7513:22 Jan:
7505:21 Jan:
7496:19 Jan:
7476:17 Jan:
7456:16 Jan:
7429:15 Jan:
7421:14 Jan:
7322:12 Jan:
7308:11 Jan:
1435:10.3813/AAA.918659
880:50.36778; -1.73611
693:
682:
355:anti-aircraft guns
7855:
7854:
7706:9 Jan:
7683:6 Jan:
7675:3 Jan:
7282:9 Jan:
7266:7 Jan:
7251:6 Jan:
7207:5 Jan:
7192:4 Jan:
7184:2 Jan:
7137:
7136:
1997:978-1-904381-04-4
1805:978-1-904381-04-4
1757:978-3-938845-17-2
1707:978-1-134-17272-6
1630:Wynn, Kenneth G.
1590:978-1-5267-7883-3
1375:978-3-319-05659-3
1226:Lane, R. (1981).
1216:, pp. 43–46.
1171:978-1-78438-687-0
1068:
1067:
622:Siemens-Schuckert
490:German submarine
487:
486:
7927:
7847:
7842:
7830:
7822:
7635:Christian Radich
7606:Wilhelm Gustloff
7164:
7157:
7150:
7141:
2096:
2089:
2082:
2073:
2063:
2057:
2029:
2027:
2025:
2001:
1982:
1963:
1940:
1911:
1910:
1908:
1906:
1891:
1885:
1884:
1866:
1842:
1836:
1835:
1833:
1831:
1816:
1810:
1809:
1789:
1783:
1782:
1780:
1778:
1766:
1760:
1744:
1738:
1737:
1735:
1733:
1718:
1712:
1711:
1691:
1685:
1684:
1682:
1680:
1675:. u-historia.com
1669:
1663:
1649:
1643:
1628:
1622:
1621:
1601:
1595:
1594:
1572:
1566:
1565:
1537:
1531:
1530:
1528:
1526:
1511:
1505:
1504:
1502:
1500:
1485:
1479:
1478:
1470:
1464:
1463:
1461:
1459:
1448:
1439:
1438:
1414:
1408:
1407:
1405:
1403:
1392:
1386:
1385:
1384:
1382:
1349:
1343:
1342:
1326:
1320:
1319:
1308:10.1121/1.381528
1279:
1273:
1272:
1262:
1256:
1255:
1223:
1217:
1211:
1198:
1197:
1191:
1183:
1157:
1151:
1150:
1148:
1146:
1131:
1097:
1086:
1056:
1054:
1053:
1025:
1023:
1022:
986:
984:
983:
949:
947:
946:
911:
886:
885:
883:
882:
881:
876:
872:
869:
868:
867:
864:
668:Anechoic coating
475:2 warships sunk
38:
33:
32:
31:
19:
7935:
7934:
7930:
7929:
7928:
7926:
7925:
7924:
7860:
7859:
7856:
7851:
7834:
7809:
7772:Empire Clansman
7669:Other incidents
7664:
7373:Lamotte-Picquet
7171:
7168:
7138:
7133:
7106:
7067:
7014:
6352:
2365:
2186:
2105:
2100:
2061:
2041:
2023:
2021:
2012:
2009:
2004:
1998:
1985:
1979:
1966:
1960:
1943:
1937:
1924:
1920:
1915:
1914:
1904:
1902:
1893:
1892:
1888:
1844:
1843:
1839:
1829:
1827:
1818:
1817:
1813:
1806:
1791:
1790:
1786:
1776:
1774:
1768:
1767:
1763:
1745:
1741:
1731:
1729:
1728:on 22 July 2004
1720:
1719:
1715:
1708:
1693:
1692:
1688:
1678:
1676:
1671:
1670:
1666:
1650:
1646:
1629:
1625:
1603:
1602:
1598:
1591:
1574:
1573:
1569:
1554:
1539:
1538:
1534:
1524:
1522:
1513:
1512:
1508:
1498:
1496:
1487:
1486:
1482:
1472:
1471:
1467:
1457:
1455:
1450:
1449:
1442:
1416:
1415:
1411:
1401:
1399:
1398:. uboataces.com
1394:
1393:
1389:
1380:
1378:
1376:
1351:
1350:
1346:
1328:
1327:
1323:
1281:
1280:
1276:
1264:
1263:
1259:
1225:
1224:
1220:
1212:
1201:
1184:
1172:
1159:
1158:
1154:
1144:
1142:
1133:
1132:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1100:
1087:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1051:
1049:
1039:25 August 1944
1020:
1018:
1008:23 August 1944
981:
979:
968:22 August 1944
944:
942:
931:21 August 1944
909:
897:Innes McCartney
879:
877:
873:
870:
865:
862:
860:
858:
857:
847:
827:flying boat of
821:
819:Service history
670:
584:
576:English Channel
541:The U-boat was
476:
467:
243:electric motors
212:Installed power
112:English Channel
86:8 December 1942
34:
29:
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
7933:
7931:
7923:
7922:
7917:
7912:
7907:
7902:
7897:
7892:
7887:
7882:
7877:
7872:
7862:
7861:
7853:
7852:
7814:
7811:
7810:
7808:
7807:
7799:
7791:
7775:
7767:
7759:
7750:
7728:
7713:
7704:
7681:
7672:
7670:
7666:
7665:
7663:
7662:
7630:
7609:
7594:
7579:
7571:
7563:
7548:
7527:
7519:
7511:
7503:
7494:
7474:
7454:
7432:Claus Rickmers
7427:
7419:
7361:Ikutagawa Maru
7320:
7306:
7280:
7264:
7249:
7205:
7202:Lewis L. Dyche
7190:
7181:
7179:
7173:
7172:
7169:
7167:
7166:
7159:
7152:
7144:
7135:
7134:
7132:
7131:
7125:
7124:
7118:
7111:
7108:
7107:
7105:
7104:
7097:
7090:
7083:
7075:
7073:
7069:
7068:
7066:
7065:
7058:
7051:
7044:
7037:
7030:
7022:
7020:
7016:
7015:
7013:
7012:
7005:
6998:
6991:
6984:
6977:
6970:
6963:
6956:
6949:
6942:
6935:
6928:
6921:
6914:
6907:
6900:
6893:
6886:
6879:
6872:
6865:
6858:
6851:
6844:
6837:
6830:
6823:
6816:
6809:
6802:
6795:
6788:
6781:
6774:
6767:
6760:
6753:
6746:
6739:
6732:
6725:
6718:
6711:
6704:
6697:
6690:
6683:
6676:
6669:
6662:
6655:
6648:
6641:
6634:
6627:
6620:
6613:
6606:
6599:
6592:
6585:
6578:
6571:
6564:
6557:
6550:
6543:
6536:
6529:
6522:
6515:
6508:
6501:
6494:
6487:
6480:
6473:
6466:
6459:
6452:
6445:
6438:
6431:
6424:
6417:
6410:
6403:
6396:
6389:
6382:
6375:
6368:
6360:
6358:
6354:
6353:
6351:
6350:
6343:
6336:
6329:
6322:
6315:
6308:
6301:
6294:
6287:
6280:
6273:
6266:
6259:
6252:
6245:
6238:
6231:
6224:
6217:
6210:
6203:
6196:
6189:
6182:
6175:
6168:
6161:
6154:
6147:
6140:
6133:
6126:
6119:
6112:
6105:
6098:
6091:
6084:
6077:
6070:
6063:
6056:
6049:
6042:
6035:
6028:
6021:
6014:
6007:
6000:
5993:
5986:
5979:
5972:
5965:
5958:
5951:
5944:
5937:
5930:
5923:
5916:
5909:
5902:
5895:
5888:
5881:
5874:
5867:
5860:
5853:
5846:
5839:
5832:
5825:
5818:
5811:
5804:
5797:
5790:
5783:
5776:
5769:
5762:
5755:
5748:
5741:
5734:
5727:
5720:
5713:
5706:
5699:
5692:
5685:
5678:
5671:
5664:
5657:
5650:
5643:
5636:
5629:
5622:
5615:
5608:
5601:
5594:
5587:
5580:
5573:
5566:
5559:
5552:
5545:
5538:
5531:
5524:
5517:
5510:
5503:
5496:
5489:
5482:
5475:
5468:
5461:
5454:
5447:
5440:
5433:
5426:
5419:
5412:
5405:
5398:
5391:
5384:
5377:
5370:
5363:
5356:
5349:
5342:
5335:
5328:
5321:
5314:
5307:
5300:
5293:
5286:
5279:
5272:
5265:
5258:
5251:
5244:
5237:
5230:
5223:
5216:
5209:
5202:
5195:
5188:
5181:
5174:
5167:
5160:
5153:
5146:
5139:
5132:
5125:
5118:
5111:
5104:
5097:
5090:
5083:
5076:
5069:
5062:
5055:
5048:
5041:
5034:
5027:
5020:
5013:
5006:
4999:
4992:
4985:
4978:
4971:
4964:
4957:
4950:
4943:
4936:
4929:
4922:
4915:
4908:
4901:
4894:
4887:
4880:
4873:
4866:
4859:
4852:
4845:
4838:
4831:
4824:
4817:
4810:
4803:
4796:
4789:
4782:
4775:
4768:
4761:
4754:
4747:
4740:
4733:
4726:
4719:
4712:
4705:
4698:
4691:
4684:
4677:
4670:
4663:
4656:
4649:
4642:
4635:
4628:
4621:
4614:
4607:
4600:
4593:
4586:
4579:
4572:
4565:
4558:
4551:
4544:
4537:
4530:
4523:
4516:
4509:
4502:
4495:
4488:
4481:
4474:
4467:
4460:
4453:
4446:
4439:
4432:
4425:
4418:
4411:
4404:
4397:
4390:
4383:
4376:
4369:
4362:
4355:
4348:
4341:
4334:
4327:
4320:
4313:
4306:
4299:
4292:
4285:
4278:
4271:
4264:
4257:
4250:
4243:
4236:
4229:
4222:
4215:
4208:
4201:
4194:
4187:
4180:
4173:
4166:
4159:
4152:
4145:
4138:
4131:
4124:
4117:
4110:
4103:
4096:
4089:
4082:
4075:
4068:
4061:
4054:
4047:
4040:
4033:
4026:
4019:
4012:
4005:
3998:
3991:
3984:
3977:
3970:
3963:
3956:
3949:
3942:
3935:
3928:
3921:
3914:
3907:
3900:
3893:
3886:
3879:
3872:
3865:
3858:
3851:
3844:
3837:
3830:
3823:
3816:
3809:
3802:
3795:
3788:
3781:
3774:
3767:
3760:
3753:
3746:
3739:
3732:
3725:
3718:
3711:
3704:
3697:
3690:
3683:
3676:
3669:
3662:
3655:
3648:
3641:
3634:
3627:
3620:
3613:
3606:
3599:
3592:
3585:
3578:
3571:
3564:
3557:
3550:
3543:
3536:
3529:
3522:
3515:
3508:
3501:
3494:
3487:
3480:
3473:
3466:
3459:
3452:
3445:
3438:
3431:
3424:
3417:
3410:
3403:
3396:
3389:
3382:
3375:
3368:
3361:
3354:
3347:
3340:
3333:
3326:
3319:
3312:
3305:
3298:
3291:
3284:
3277:
3270:
3263:
3256:
3249:
3242:
3235:
3228:
3221:
3214:
3207:
3200:
3193:
3186:
3179:
3172:
3165:
3158:
3151:
3144:
3137:
3130:
3123:
3116:
3109:
3102:
3095:
3088:
3081:
3074:
3067:
3060:
3053:
3046:
3039:
3032:
3025:
3018:
3011:
3004:
2997:
2990:
2983:
2976:
2969:
2962:
2955:
2948:
2941:
2934:
2927:
2920:
2913:
2906:
2899:
2892:
2885:
2878:
2871:
2864:
2857:
2850:
2843:
2836:
2829:
2822:
2815:
2808:
2801:
2794:
2787:
2780:
2773:
2766:
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2752:
2745:
2738:
2731:
2724:
2717:
2710:
2703:
2696:
2689:
2682:
2675:
2668:
2661:
2654:
2647:
2640:
2633:
2626:
2619:
2612:
2605:
2598:
2591:
2584:
2577:
2570:
2563:
2556:
2549:
2542:
2535:
2528:
2521:
2514:
2507:
2500:
2493:
2486:
2479:
2472:
2465:
2458:
2451:
2444:
2437:
2430:
2423:
2416:
2409:
2402:
2395:
2388:
2381:
2373:
2371:
2367:
2366:
2364:
2363:
2356:
2349:
2342:
2335:
2328:
2321:
2314:
2307:
2300:
2293:
2286:
2279:
2272:
2265:
2258:
2251:
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2178:
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2171:
2169:
2168:
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2157:
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2119:
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2068:
2064:
2059:
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2040:
2038:
2034:
2031:
2020:
2016:
2011:
2010:
2006:
1999:
1993:
1989:
1984:
1980:
1978:0-85177-593-4
1974:
1970:
1965:
1961:
1959:3-8132-0514-2
1955:
1951:
1947:
1942:
1938:
1936:1-55750-186-6
1932:
1928:
1923:
1922:
1917:
1901:
1897:
1890:
1887:
1882:
1878:
1874:
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1758:
1754:
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1727:
1723:
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1714:
1709:
1703:
1700:. Routledge.
1699:
1698:
1690:
1687:
1674:
1668:
1665:
1662:
1661:3-7637-6272-8
1658:
1654:
1648:
1645:
1641:
1640:1-55750-860-7
1637:
1633:
1627:
1624:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1600:
1597:
1592:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1571:
1568:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1553:0-304-36120-8
1549:
1545:
1544:
1536:
1533:
1520:
1516:
1510:
1507:
1494:
1490:
1484:
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1428:
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1410:
1397:
1391:
1388:
1377:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1348:
1345:
1341:(3): 149–170.
1340:
1336:
1332:
1325:
1322:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
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1141:
1137:
1130:
1128:
1126:
1124:
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1120:
1118:
1116:
1114:
1110:
1103:
1095:
1091:
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1075:
1070:
1059:
1046:
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1037:
1028:
1015:
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989:
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952:
939:
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929:
925:
922:
919:
916:
913:
912:
906:
904:
902:
898:
894:
890:
889:Isle of Wight
884:
855:
851:
844:
842:
840:
835:
832:
830:
826:
818:
816:
814:
810:
805:
803:
802:
797:
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785:
784:
779:
778:
773:
772:
767:
766:
761:
760:
755:
754:
749:
748:
743:
742:
737:
736:
730:
728:
724:
723:
722:Naked Science
718:
713:
709:
706:
705:anechoic tile
702:
697:
690:
686:
679:
674:
667:
665:
663:
659:
656:and two twin
655:
651:
647:
643:
642:torpedo tubes
639:
633:
631:
627:
623:
619:
616:
612:
611:Germaniawerft
608:
604:
600:
599:pressure hull
596:
592:
588:
581:
579:
577:
573:
569:
566:
565:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
539:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
512:
510:
506:
503:
500:
499:
494:
493:
483:
482:
474:
471:
468:(12,846
465:
464:
463:
460:
459:
453:
450:
447:
444:
441:
438:
435:
434:
433:
430:
429:
423:
421:
418:
417:
413:
412:
411:
408:
407:
403:
400:
399:
393:
391:
388:
385:
383:
380:
377:
375:
372:
371:
370:
367:
366:
361:
356:
353:
349:
346:
342:
339:
335:
333:
329:
326:
322:
319:
318:torpedo tubes
315:
314:
313:
310:
309:
305:
302:
301:
295:
292:
289:
288:
287:
284:
283:
277:
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269:
268:
262:
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255:
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238:
234:
231:
230:
229:
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225:
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216:
215:
214:
211:
210:
206:
203:
202:
198:
195:
194:
188:
185:
184:
183:
180:
179:
174:
173:pressure hull
170:
168:
164:
163:
162:
159:
158:
152:
149:
145:
141:
140:
139:
136:
135:
132:
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97:
93:
90:
89:
85:
82:
81:
77:
74:
73:
70:
66:
63:
60:
59:
56:10 April 1941
55:
52:
51:
48:
45:
42:
41:
37:
25:
20:
7857:
7803:
7795:
7787:
7780:
7771:
7763:
7755:
7746:
7739:
7733:
7724:
7718:
7709:
7700:
7693:
7686:
7677:
7658:
7652:
7646:
7645:
7640:
7633:
7626:
7620:
7613:
7605:
7599:
7590:
7584:
7575:
7567:
7559:
7553:
7544:
7538:
7530:
7523:
7515:
7507:
7499:
7490:
7484:
7478:
7470:
7464:
7457:
7450:
7443:
7437:
7431:
7423:
7415:
7409:
7403:
7395:
7390:
7384:
7378:
7372:
7366:
7359:
7353:
7347:
7341:
7335:
7329:
7323:
7315:
7310:
7302:
7296:
7290:
7284:
7276:
7269:
7260:
7254:
7245:
7240:Shunsen Maru
7239:
7234:Isaac Shelby
7233:
7227:
7221:
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6441:
6434:
6427:
6420:
6413:
6406:
6399:
6392:
6385:
6378:
6371:
6364:
6357:Type VIIC/41
6346:
6339:
6332:
6325:
6318:
6311:
6304:
6297:
6290:
6283:
6276:
6269:
6262:
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5793:
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5751:
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5709:
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5408:
5401:
5394:
5387:
5380:
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5359:
5352:
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5338:
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5310:
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5289:
5282:
5275:
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5240:
5233:
5226:
5219:
5212:
5205:
5198:
5191:
5184:
5177:
5170:
5163:
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5149:
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5121:
5114:
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5016:
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5002:
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4365:
4358:
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4330:
4323:
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4295:
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4274:
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4253:
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4204:
4197:
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4183:
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4169:
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4134:
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4106:
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3245:
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3105:
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2601:
2594:
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2566:
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2531:
2524:
2517:
2510:
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2419:
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2317:
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2296:
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2275:
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2261:
2254:
2247:
2240:
2233:
2226:
2219:
2212:
2205:
2198:
2180:
2173:
2166:
2159:
2152:
2145:
2138:
2131:
2124:
2117:
2053:
2049:
2044:
2036:
2022:. Retrieved
2018:
1987:
1968:
1949:
1945:
1926:
1918:Bibliography
1903:. Retrieved
1899:
1889:
1857:(1): 62–81.
1854:
1850:
1840:
1828:. Retrieved
1824:
1814:
1794:
1787:
1775:. Retrieved
1764:
1747:
1742:
1730:. Retrieved
1726:the original
1716:
1696:
1689:
1677:. Retrieved
1667:
1652:
1647:
1631:
1626:
1609:
1599:
1580:
1570:
1542:
1535:
1523:. Retrieved
1519:the original
1509:
1497:. Retrieved
1483:
1474:
1468:
1456:. Retrieved
1426:
1422:
1412:
1400:. Retrieved
1390:
1379:, retrieved
1357:
1347:
1338:
1334:
1324:
1291:
1287:
1277:
1267:
1260:
1238:(1): 28–30.
1235:
1231:
1221:
1161:
1155:
1143:. Retrieved
1139:
1094:displacement
1084:
1043:
1012:
996:
973:
959:Flower-class
936:
920:Nationality
900:
892:
849:
848:
836:
833:
829:162 Squadron
825:PBY Catalina
822:
812:
808:
806:
800:
794:
788:
782:
776:
770:
764:
758:
752:
746:
740:
734:
731:
726:
720:
716:
714:
710:
698:
694:
688:
677:
637:
634:
624:GU 343/38–8
615:supercharged
594:
585:
571:
562:
559:commissioned
540:
526:, after the
523:
513:
509:World War II
498:Kriegsmarine
496:
491:
489:
488:
477:(1,775 tons)
414:
340:(220 rounds)
327:
137:Displacement
99:Commissioned
46:
36:Nazi Germany
7678:Shakespeare
7576:Sanuki Maru
7317:T-76 Kotall
7311:Hakuyo Maru
7196:Ommaney Bay
2024:28 December
1905:28 December
1830:17 December
1825:Mark Simner
1777:18 December
1679:17 December
1525:17 December
1499:17 December
1458:17 December
1381:18 December
1232:Ultrasonics
1214:Gröner 1991
1002:minesweeper
878: /
522:(codenamed
451:3rd patrol:
445:2nd patrol:
439:1st patrol:
431:Operations:
409:Commanders:
294:Crush depth
75:Yard number
7900:1943 ships
7864:Categories
7788:Twickenham
7614:Berlin III
7391:Otowa Maru
7222:Kanko Maru
7177:Shipwrecks
1180:1260821096
1071:References
988:Royal Navy
935:HMCS
917:Ship Name
701:Erik Meyer
662:complement
630:propellers
461:Victories:
436:3 patrols:
303:Complement
285:Test depth
256:17.7
227:Propulsion
150:) surfaced
7796:Gotenland
7781:Guardfish
7779:USS
7754:HMS
7745:USS
7732:USS
7717:USS
7708:USS
7699:HMS
7694:Spadefish
7692:USS
7685:USS
7619:USS
7598:USS
7583:USS
7552:HMS
7539:Extractor
7537:USS
7498:HMS
7459:Deyatelny
7449:USS
7404:Swordfish
7402:USS
7275:USS
7268:USS
7253:USS
7194:USS
7072:Type VIIF
7019:Type VIID
2370:Type VIIC
2191:Type VIIB
2110:Type VIIA
1881:220326970
1873:0025-3359
1316:0001-4966
1252:0041-624X
1188:cite book
1104:Citations
1044:Orminster
1013:Fort Yale
972:HMS
866:1°44′10″W
863:50°22′4″N
854:Trondheim
646:torpedoes
543:laid down
502:Type VIIC
416:Oblt.z.S.
350:2 × twin
325:torpedoes
148:long tons
131:submarine
128:Type VIIC
83:Laid down
7804:Shiokaze
7710:Colorado
7500:Porpoise
7438:Hatakaze
1759:. p. 313
1732:13 April
1562:47868026
1493:Archived
1402:15 April
1145:13 April
997:Algerine
962:corvette
923:Tonnage
689:Alberich
678:Alberich
555:launched
524:Alberich
404:M 53 621
368:Part of:
311:Armament
232:2 shafts
91:Launched
7764:LST-415
7734:English
7719:Belknap
7701:Walpole
7621:PC-1129
7600:Pontiac
7585:Serpens
7554:Manners
7545:Shigure
7285:Cha-216
7122:Type IX
7116:Type II
2067:YouTube
1296:Bibcode
974:Loyalty
937:Alberni
607:draught
545:in the
516:stealth
330:26 TMA
204:Draught
61:Builder
53:Ordered
22:History
7687:Brooks
7659:U-1020
7627:U-2520
7568:U-1172
7560:U-1051
7508:U-1199
7491:U-2530
7485:U-2523
7479:U-2515
7397:PB-103
7367:Kashii
7303:U-1020
7277:Palmer
7101:U-1062
7094:U-1061
7087:U-1060
7080:U-1059
7009:U-1308
7002:U-1307
6995:U-1306
6988:U-1305
6981:U-1304
6974:U-1303
6967:U-1302
6960:U-1301
6953:U-1279
6946:U-1278
6939:U-1277
6932:U-1276
6925:U-1275
6918:U-1274
6911:U-1273
6904:U-1272
6897:U-1271
6890:U-1172
6883:U-1171
6876:U-1170
6869:U-1169
6862:U-1168
6855:U-1167
6848:U-1166
6841:U-1165
6834:U-1164
6827:U-1163
6820:U-1110
6813:U-1109
6806:U-1108
6799:U-1107
6792:U-1106
6785:U-1105
6778:U-1104
6771:U-1103
6764:U-1065
6757:U-1064
6750:U-1063
6743:U-1025
6736:U-1024
6729:U-1023
6722:U-1022
6715:U-1021
6708:U-1020
6701:U-1019
6694:U-1018
6687:U-1017
6680:U-1016
6673:U-1015
6666:U-1014
6659:U-1013
6652:U-1011
6645:U-1010
6638:U-1009
6631:U-1008
6624:U-1007
6617:U-1006
6610:U-1005
6603:U-1004
6596:U-1003
6589:U-1002
6582:U-1001
6575:U-1000
6347:U-1210
6340:U-1209
6333:U-1208
6326:U-1207
6319:U-1206
6312:U-1205
6305:U-1204
6298:U-1203
6291:U-1202
6284:U-1201
6277:U-1200
6270:U-1199
6263:U-1198
6256:U-1197
6249:U-1196
6242:U-1195
6235:U-1194
6228:U-1193
6221:U-1192
6214:U-1191
6207:U-1162
6200:U-1161
6193:U-1132
6186:U-1131
6179:U-1102
6172:U-1101
6165:U-1058
6158:U-1057
6151:U-1056
6144:U-1055
6137:U-1054
6130:U-1053
6123:U-1052
6116:U-1051
1994:
1975:
1956:
1933:
1879:
1871:
1802:
1755:
1704:
1659:
1638:
1587:
1560:
1550:
1372:
1314:
1250:
1178:
1168:
1062:5,712
1055:
1031:7,134
1024:
999:-class
985:
948:
926:Notes
801:U-4709
795:U-4708
789:U-4704
783:U-1308
777:U-1306
771:U-1304
765:U-1107
759:U-1106
753:U-1105
648:, one
582:Design
532:Allies
505:U-boat
347:AA gun
196:Height
160:Length
144:tonnes
7756:Thane
7653:U-650
7647:U-480
7641:U-382
7591:U-763
7471:U-248
7465:Donau
7451:YP-73
7444:Tsuga
7424:I-362
7416:W-101
7410:T.140
7379:Louhi
7355:CD-51
7349:CD-43
7343:CD-35
7337:CD-23
7331:CD-19
7325:CD-17
7297:U-679
7270:Hovey
7216:Ha-82
7210:Ha-71
7062:U-218
7055:U-217
7048:U-216
7041:U-215
7034:U-214
7027:U-213
6568:U-999
6561:U-998
6554:U-997
6547:U-995
6540:U-930
6533:U-929
6526:U-828
6519:U-827
6512:U-691
6505:U-328
6498:U-327
6491:U-326
6484:U-325
6477:U-324
6470:U-323
6463:U-322
6456:U-321
6449:U-320
6442:U-319
6435:U-318
6428:U-317
6421:U-300
6414:U-299
6407:U-298
6400:U-297
6393:U-296
6386:U-295
6379:U-294
6372:U-293
6365:U-292
6109:U-994
6102:U-993
6095:U-992
6088:U-991
6081:U-990
6074:U-989
6067:U-988
6060:U-987
6053:U-986
6046:U-985
6039:U-984
6032:U-983
6025:U-982
6018:U-981
6011:U-980
6004:U-979
5997:U-978
5990:U-977
5983:U-976
5976:U-975
5969:U-974
5962:U-973
5955:U-972
5948:U-971
5941:U-970
5934:U-969
5927:U-968
5920:U-967
5913:U-966
5906:U-965
5899:U-964
5892:U-963
5885:U-962
5878:U-961
5871:U-960
5864:U-959
5857:U-958
5850:U-957
5843:U-956
5836:U-955
5829:U-954
5822:U-953
5815:U-952
5808:U-951
5801:U-928
5794:U-927
5787:U-926
5780:U-925
5773:U-924
5766:U-923
5759:U-922
5752:U-921
5745:U-907
5738:U-905
5731:U-904
5724:U-903
5717:U-901
5710:U-826
5703:U-825
5696:U-822
5689:U-821
5682:U-779
5675:U-778
5668:U-777
5661:U-776
5654:U-775
5647:U-774
5640:U-773
5633:U-772
5626:U-771
5619:U-768
5612:U-767
5605:U-766
5598:U-765
5591:U-764
5584:U-763
5577:U-762
5570:U-761
5563:U-760
5556:U-759
5549:U-758
5542:U-757
5535:U-756
5528:U-755
5521:U-754
5514:U-753
5507:U-752
5500:U-751
5493:U-750
5486:U-749
5479:U-748
5472:U-747
5465:U-746
5458:U-745
5451:U-744
5444:U-743
5437:U-742
5430:U-741
5423:U-740
5416:U-739
5409:U-738
5402:U-737
5395:U-736
5388:U-735
5381:U-734
5374:U-733
5367:U-732
5360:U-731
5353:U-722
5346:U-721
5339:U-720
5332:U-719
5325:U-718
5318:U-717
5311:U-716
5304:U-715
5297:U-714
5290:U-713
5283:U-712
5276:U-711
5269:U-710
5262:U-709
5255:U-708
5248:U-707
5241:U-706
5234:U-705
5227:U-704
5220:U-703
5213:U-702
5206:U-701
5199:U-683
5192:U-682
5185:U-681
5178:U-680
5171:U-679
5164:U-678
5157:U-677
5150:U-676
5143:U-675
5136:U-674
5129:U-673
5122:U-672
5115:U-671
5108:U-670
5101:U-669
5094:U-668
5087:U-667
5080:U-666
5073:U-665
5066:U-664
5059:U-663
5052:U-662
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5038:U-660
5031:U-659
5024:U-658
5017:U-657
5010:U-656
5003:U-655
4996:U-654
4989:U-653
4982:U-652
4975:U-651
4968:U-650
4961:U-649
4954:U-648
4947:U-647
4940:U-646
4933:U-645
4926:U-644
4919:U-643
4912:U-642
4905:U-641
4898:U-640
4891:U-639
4884:U-638
4877:U-637
4870:U-636
4863:U-635
4856:U-634
4849:U-633
4842:U-632
4835:U-631
4828:U-630
4821:U-629
4814:U-628
4807:U-627
4800:U-626
4793:U-625
4786:U-624
4779:U-623
4772:U-622
4765:U-621
4758:U-620
4751:U-619
4744:U-618
4737:U-617
4730:U-616
4723:U-615
4716:U-614
4709:U-613
4702:U-612
4695:U-611
4688:U-610
4681:U-609
4674:U-608
4667:U-607
4660:U-606
4653:U-605
4646:U-604
4639:U-603
4632:U-602
4625:U-601
4618:U-600
4611:U-599
4604:U-598
4597:U-597
4590:U-596
4583:U-595
4576:U-594
4569:U-593
4562:U-592
4555:U-591
4548:U-590
4541:U-589
4534:U-588
4527:U-587
4520:U-586
4513:U-585
4506:U-584
4499:U-583
4492:U-582
4485:U-581
4478:U-580
4471:U-579
4464:U-578
4457:U-577
4450:U-576
4443:U-575
4436:U-574
4429:U-573
4422:U-572
4415:U-571
4408:U-570
4401:U-569
4394:U-568
4387:U-567
4380:U-566
4373:U-565
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4268:U-486
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4233:U-481
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4219:U-479
4212:U-478
4205:U-477
4198:U-476
4191:U-475
4184:U-473
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3288:U-338
3281:U-337
3274:U-336
3267:U-335
3260:U-334
3253:U-333
3246:U-332
3239:U-331
3232:U-316
3225:U-315
3218:U-314
3211:U-313
3204:U-312
3197:U-311
3190:U-310
3183:U-309
3176:U-308
3169:U-307
3162:U-306
3155:U-305
3148:U-304
3141:U-303
3134:U-302
3127:U-301
3120:U-291
3113:U-290
3106:U-289
3099:U-288
3092:U-287
3085:U-286
3078:U-285
3071:U-284
3064:U-283
3057:U-282
3050:U-281
3043:U-280
3036:U-279
3029:U-278
3022:U-277
3015:U-276
3008:U-275
3001:U-274
2994:U-273
2987:U-272
2980:U-271
2973:U-270
2966:U-269
2959:U-268
2952:U-267
2945:U-266
2938:U-265
2931:U-264
2924:U-263
2917:U-262
2910:U-261
2903:U-260
2896:U-259
2889:U-258
2882:U-257
2875:U-256
2868:U-255
2861:U-254
2854:U-253
2847:U-252
2840:U-251
2833:U-250
2826:U-249
2819:U-248
2812:U-247
2805:U-246
2798:U-245
2791:U-244
2784:U-243
2777:U-242
2770:U-241
2763:U-240
2756:U-239
2749:U-238
2742:U-237
2735:U-236
2728:U-235
2721:U-232
2714:U-231
2707:U-230
2700:U-229
2693:U-228
2686:U-227
2679:U-226
2672:U-225
2665:U-224
2658:U-223
2651:U-222
2644:U-221
2637:U-212
2630:U-211
2623:U-210
2616:U-209
2609:U-208
2602:U-207
2595:U-206
2588:U-205
2581:U-204
2574:U-203
2567:U-202
2560:U-201
2553:U-136
2546:U-135
2539:U-134
2532:U-133
2525:U-132
2360:U-102
2353:U-101
2346:U-100
2048:[
2037:U-480
1948:[
1877:S2CID
1076:Notes
914:Date
901:U-480
893:U-480
852:left
850:U-480
813:U-486
809:U-480
747:U-486
741:U-485
727:U-480
717:U-480
638:U-480
595:U-480
572:U-480
536:ASDIC
492:U-480
332:mines
323:14 ×
270:Range
251:Speed
146:(757
47:U-480
7832:1946
7824:1945
7816:1944
7786:HMS
7747:Rock
7725:I-36
7524:I-48
7516:Saga
7255:Long
7246:Yu 3
7228:Momi
7187:Yu 1
2518:U-98
2511:U-97
2504:U-96
2497:U-95
2490:U-94
2483:U-93
2476:U-92
2469:U-91
2462:U-90
2455:U-89
2448:U-88
2441:U-82
2434:U-81
2427:U-80
2420:U-79
2413:U-78
2406:U-77
2399:U-72
2392:U-71
2385:U-70
2378:U-69
2339:U-99
2332:U-87
2325:U-86
2318:U-85
2311:U-84
2304:U-83
2297:U-76
2290:U-75
2283:U-74
2276:U-73
2269:U-55
2262:U-54
2255:U-53
2248:U-52
2241:U-51
2234:U-50
2227:U-49
2220:U-48
2213:U-47
2206:U-46
2199:U-45
2181:U-36
2174:U-35
2167:U-34
2160:U-33
2153:U-32
2146:U-31
2139:U-30
2132:U-29
2125:U-28
2118:U-27
2026:2014
1992:ISBN
1973:ISBN
1954:ISBN
1931:ISBN
1907:2014
1869:ISSN
1832:2022
1800:ISBN
1779:2022
1753:ISBN
1734:2011
1702:ISBN
1681:2010
1657:ISBN
1636:ISBN
1585:ISBN
1558:OCLC
1548:ISBN
1527:2010
1501:2010
1460:2010
1404:2011
1383:2022
1370:ISBN
1312:ISSN
1248:ISSN
1194:link
1176:OCLC
1166:ISBN
1147:2011
992:850
955:925
845:Fate
811:and
798:and
735:U-11
603:beam
551:Kiel
343:1 ×
336:1 ×
241:2 ×
235:2 ×
181:Beam
142:769
107:Fate
69:Kiel
43:Name
7385:M-1
7261:S-4
2065:on
1859:doi
1855:106
1614:hdl
1431:doi
1362:doi
1304:doi
1240:doi
549:in
507:of
470:GRT
167:o/a
78:311
7866::
7784:,
7743:,
7737:,
7722:,
7697:,
7690:,
7656:,
7650:,
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2017:.
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