Kriegsmarine - Knowledge (XXG)

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were expected to be its primary adversaries – the navies of France and Great Britain. Although a major re-armament of the navy (Plan Z) was planned, and initially begun, the start of the war in 1939 meant that the vast amounts of material required for the project were diverted to other areas. The sheer disparity in size when compared to the other European powers navies prompted Raeder to write of his own navy once the war began "The surface forces can do no more than show that they know how to die gallantly." A number of captured ships from occupied countries were added to the German fleet as the war progressed. Though six major units of the

2584: 639: 253: 239: 98: 1533: 4361: 2728:) fleet was modern and the ships were larger than conventional destroyers of other navies, they had problems. Early classes were unstable, wet in heavy weather, suffered from engine problems, and had short range. Some problems were solved with the evolution of later designs, but further developments were curtailed by the war and, ultimately, by Germany's defeat. In the first year of World War II, they were used mainly to sow offensive minefields in shipping lanes close to the British coast. 48: 2843:, monitors, escorts, patrol boats, sub-chasers, landing craft, landing support ships, training ships, test ships, torpedo recovery boats, dispatch boats, aviso, fishery protection ships, survey ships, harbor defense boats, target ships and their radio control vessels, motor explosive boats, weather ships, tankers, colliers, tenders, supply ships, tugs, barges, icebreakers, hospital and accommodation ships, floating cranes and docks, and many others. The 117: 1628:(protective police) men sent to Liepāja for "quick implementation Jewish problem". Kawelmacher hoped to accelerate the killings, complaining: "Here about 8,000 Jews... with present SS-personnel, this would take one year, which is untenable for pacification of Liepāja." Kawelmacher telegram on 27 July 1941 read: "Jewish problem Libau largely solved by execution of about 1,100 male Jews by Riga SS commando on 24 and 25.7." 2473: 1265: 7432: 2743: 2706: 826:. From the three proposed plans (X, Y and Z) he approved Plan Z in January 1939. This blueprint for the new German naval construction program envisaged building a navy of approximately 800 ships during the period 1939–1947. Hitler demanded that the program be completed by 1945. The main force of Plan Z were six 892:

Plan Z fleet ready for action and shortage in workers and material in wartime, Plan Z was essentially shelved in September 1939 and the resources allocated for its realisation were largely redirected to the construction of U-boats, which would be ready for war against the United Kingdom more quickly.

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The military campaigns in Europe yielded a large number of captured vessels, many of which were under construction. Nations represented included Austria (riverine craft), Czechoslovakia (riverine craft), Poland, Norway, Denmark, the Netherlands, Belgium, France, Yugoslavia, Greece, the Soviet Union,

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were modern ships: fast, well-armed, and well-armoured. This had been achieved by concealment but also by deliberately flouting World War I peace terms and those of various naval treaties. However, the war started with the German Navy still at a distinct disadvantage in terms of sheer size with what

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after mistaking it for a legitimate military target, resulting in the deaths of 117 civilians. Germany did not admit responsibility for the incident until after the war. Lemp was killed in action in 1941. U-247 was alleged to have shot at sunken ship survivors, but as the vessel was lost at sea with

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for the German Navy). The situation became so serious that military leaders feared for the whole Allied strategy. The vast American ship building capabilities and naval forces were however now brought into the war and soon more than offset any losses inflicted by the German submariners. In 1942, the

1086:. The Mediterranean submarines sank 24 major Allied warships (including 12 destroyers, 4 cruisers, 2 aircraft carriers, and 1 battleship) and 94 merchant ships (449,206 tons of shipping). None of the Mediterranean submarines made it back to their home bases, as they were all either sunk in battle or 891:

were in production. The strength of the German fleet at the beginning of the war was not even 20% of Plan Z. On 1 September 1939, the navy still had a total personnel strength of only 78,000, and it was not at all ready for a major role in the war. Because of the long time it would take to get the

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The building-up of the German fleet in the time period of 1935–1939 was slowed by problems with marshaling enough manpower and material for ship building. This was because of the simultaneous and rapid build-up of the German Army and Air Force which demanded substantial effort and resources. Some

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in December 1941 led to another phase of the Battle of the Atlantic. In Operation Drumbeat and subsequent operations until August 1942, a large number of Allied merchant ships were sunk by submarines off the US coast as the Americans had not prepared for submarine warfare, despite clear warnings

2427:) was bombed 16 April 1945 in the Baltic off Schwinemünde just west of Stettin, and settled on the shallow bottom. With the Red Army advancing across the Oder, the ship was destroyed in place to prevent the Soviets capturing anything useful. The wreck was dismantled and scrapped in 1948–1949. 1260:

in December 1942 was an attempt by a German naval surface force to attack an Allied Arctic convoy. However, the advantage was not pressed home and they returned to base. There were serious implications: this failure infuriated Hitler, who nearly enforced a decision to scrap the surface fleet.

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During World War II, about 60% of all U-boats commissioned were lost in action; 28,000 of the 40,000 U-boat crewmen were killed during the war and 8,000 were captured. The remaining U-boats were either surrendered to the Allies or scuttled by their own crews at the end of the war.

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in connection with the German army, because France was seen as the most likely enemy in the event of war. But in 1938 Hitler wanted to have the possibility of winning a war against Great Britain at sea in the coming years. Therefore, he ordered plans for such a fleet from the

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by gun calibre. Light cruiser describes a small ship that was armoured in the same way as an armoured cruiser. In other words, like standard cruisers, light cruisers possessed a protective belt and a protective deck. Prior to this, smaller cruisers tended to be of the

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was based in Norwegian ports during most of the war as a fleet in being, tying up Allied naval forces, and subject to a number of attacks by British aircraft and submarines. More battleships were planned (the H-class), but construction was abandoned in September 1939.

1730:. The British, French, and Soviet navies received the destroyers, and some torpedo boats went to the Danish and Norwegian navies. For the purpose of mine clearing, the Royal Navy employed German crews and minesweepers from June 1945 to January 1948, organised in the 2925:", could have negated much of the Allied anti-submarine tactics and technology, but only a few of this new type of U-boat became ready for combat at the end of the war. Post-war, they became the prototype for modern conventional submarines, such as the Soviet 2755:

These vessels evolved through the 1930s from small vessels, relying almost entirely on torpedoes, to what were effectively small destroyers with mines, torpedoes, and guns. Two classes of fleet torpedo boats were planned, but not built, in the 1940s.

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the United Kingdom, the United States (several landing craft), and Italy (after the armistice). Few of the incomplete ships of destroyer size or above were completed, but many smaller warships and auxiliaries were completed and commissioned into

4439: 2156:, to a training carrier was begun instead. In February 1943 all the work on carriers was halted because of the German failure during the Battle of the Barents Sea, which convinced Hitler that large warships were useless. 2152:, to auxiliary carriers was begun. In November 1942 the conversion of the passenger ships was stopped because these ships were now seen as too slow for operations with the fleet. But conversion of one of these ships, the 930: 630:, suitable only for defensive warfare. By using innovative construction techniques, the Germans had built a heavy ship suitable for offensive warfare on the high seas while still abiding by the letter of the treaty. 4178:

were stationed on the German coasts. With the conquering and occupation of other countries coastal artillery was stationed along the coasts of these countries, especially in France and Norway as part of the

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was bombed on 9 April 1945 in port at Kiel and badly damaged, essentially beyond repair, and rolled over at her moorings. After the war that part of the harbor was filled in with rubble and the hulk buried.

1711:) were used for target practice with conventional weapons, while others (mostly destroyers and torpedo boats) were put into the service of Allied navies that lacked surface ships after the war. The training 1747:

were all retired by the end of the 1950s, but five escort destroyers were returned from the French to the new West German Navy in the 1950s and three 1945 scuttled type XXI and XXIII U-boats were raised by

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of 18 June 1935 allowed Germany to build a navy equivalent to 35% of the British surface ship tonnage and 45% of British submarine tonnage; battleships were to be limited to 35,000 tons. That same year the

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was in turn hunted down by much superior British forces after being crippled by an air-launched torpedo. She was subsequently scuttled after being rendered a burning wreck by two British battleships.

2891:("submarine force"). At the outbreak of war, it had a fleet of 57 submarines. This was increased steadily until mid-1943, when losses from Allied counter-measures matched the new vessels launched. 1568:

Stein ordered that ten hostages be shot for every act of sabotage, and further put civilians in the zone of targeting by declaring that Red Army soldiers were hiding among them in civilian attire.

1307:, was stationed in Norway as a threat to Allied shipping and also as a defence against a potential Allied invasion. When she was sunk, after several attempts, by British bombers in November 1944 ( 583:

From the outset, Germany worked to circumvent the military restrictions of the Treaty of Versailles. The Germans continued to develop U-boats through a submarine design office in the Netherlands (

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was decommissioned in 1931 and struck from the naval register in 1936. Plans to convert her into a radio-controlled target ship for aircraft was cancelled because of the outbreak of war in 1939.

5913: 4915:

E. Gröner, Die Schiffe der deutschen Kriegsmarine. 2nd Edition, Lehmanns, München, 1976. C. Bekker, Verdammte See, Ein Kriegstagebuch der deutschen Marine. Köln, Neumann / Göbel, no date.1976,

1360:) was heavily engaged in providing artillery support to the retreating German land forces along the Baltic coast and in ferrying civilian refugees to the western Baltic Sea parts of Germany ( 626:

caused consternation among the French and the British as they had expected that the restrictions of the Treaty of Versailles would limit the replacement of the pre-dreadnought battleships to

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were used mainly as training ships, although they also participated in several military operations, with the latter bearing the distinction of firing the opening shots of World War II.

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in July 1942. Later in the war German attacks on these convoys were mostly reduced to U-boat activities and the mass of the allied freighters reached their destination in Soviet ports.

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came during the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939). Following the outbreak of hostilities in July 1936 several large warships of the German fleet were sent to the region. The heavy cruisers

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for the battles on land with superfluous personnel. With the loss of naval bases because of the Allied advance more and more navy personnel were available for the ground troops of the

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during the war. Additionally many captured or confiscated foreign civilian ships (merchantmen, fishing boats, tugboats etc.) were converted into auxiliary warships or support ships.

5797: 2290: 1200:, the supply ships to support Atlantic sorties had been destroyed by the Royal Navy, and Hitler now felt that Norway was the "zone of destiny" for these ships. The two battleships 1592:

Shopping hours for Jews were restricted to 10:00 a.m. to 12:00 noon. Jews were only allowed out of their residences for these hours and from 3:00 p.m. to 5:00 p.m.;

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who did the actual design work had only a theoretical understanding of design requirements. As a result, the German surface fleet was plagued by design flaws throughout the war.

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on 30 January 1933 the German government decided on 15 November 1932 to launch a prohibited naval re-armament program that included U-boats, airplanes, and an aircraft carrier.

2607:' thus the HSK serial assigned. Each had as well an administrative label more commonly used, e.g. Schiff 16 = Atlantis, Schiff 41 = Kormoran, etc. The auxiliary cruisers were: 1237:

with military goods around Norway to support their new ally. In 1942 German forces began heavily attacking these convoys, mostly with bombers and U-boats. The big ships of the

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when it was renamed and reorganised in 1935. Raeder held the post until falling out with Hitler after the German failure in the Battle of the Barents Sea. He was replaced by

1172: 5510: 1481:. Allied convoys had not yet been organised in those waters, so initially many ships were sunk. However, this situation was soon remedied. During the later war years, the 1663:

was sentenced to 10 years in prison, reduced to 7 years on appeal, for the illegal sinking of ships and criminal negligence for failing to protect the downed crew of the

5871: 5861: 5459: 2090:-class battleships, as well as two heavy cruisers), there were still many ships afloat (including four heavy cruisers and four light cruisers) as late as March 1945. 6308: 6024: 5625: 1541: 6316: 5641: 548:

Under the terms of the 1919 Treaty of Versailles, Germany was only allowed a minimal navy of 15,000 personnel, six capital ships of no more than 10,000 tons, six

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lacked escorts that were adequate either in numbers or equipment and, as a result, the submarines had much success for few losses (this period was dubbed the

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were the first to be sent in July 1936. These large ships were accompanied by the 2nd Torpedo-boat Flotilla. The German presence was used to covertly support

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When the Nazis came to power in 1933, Hitler soon began to more brazenly ignore many of the Treaty restrictions and accelerated German naval rearmament. The

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Dr. Hans Kawelmacher was appointed the German naval commandant in Liepāja. On 22 July, Kawelmacher sent a telegram to the German Navy's Baltic Command in

6664: 6004: 5677: 2683: 986:) started immediately at the outbreak of war, although they were hampered by the lack of well placed ports from which to operate. Throughout the war the 5843: 1659:

was tried along with four of his crewmen for shooting at survivors. All were found guilty, with three of them, including Eck, being executed. In 1946,

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in 1943, when the U-boat fleet started suffering heavy losses and the number of Allied ships sunk started to decrease. Radar, longer range air cover,

725: 405: 1435:, manned torpedoes, motorboats laden with explosives and so on. The more effective of these weapons and units were the development and deployment of 5896: 4758: 4513: 2354:

Three O-class battlecruisers were ordered in 1939, but with the start of the war the same year there were not enough resources to build the ships.

7462: 7196: 5721: 1056:) in the summer of 1940. There were serious doubts that the invasion sea routes could have been protected against British naval interference. The 1093: 7472: 6356: 6298: 5962: 5503: 1230:

and a blow to British morale, but the withdrawal removed the possibility of attacking allied convoys in the Atlantic with heavy surface ships.

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sailing under false flags to avoid detection, and operated in all oceans with considerable effect. The German designation for the ships was '

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had the potential to negate the Allied technological and tactical advantage, although they were deployed too late to see combat in the war.

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on 31 May killing 19–20 civilians, wounding 50 and destroying 35 buildings. Following further attacks by Republican submarines against the

5656: 5200: 4129:) equipped with navalized Messerschmitt Bf 109T and Junkers Ju 87C Stuka; these units were intended to serve aboard the aircraft carrier 7355: 6293: 2737: 2710: 1731: 568:. Under the treaty Germany could only build new ships to replace old ones. All the ships allowed and personnel were taken over from the 472:'s most significant ships were its U-boats, most of which were constructed after Plan Z was abandoned at the beginning of World War II. 6471: 6872: 6149: 3982:

commands. Regional commands covered significant naval regions and were themselves sub-divided, as necessary. They were commanded by a

2839:, mine transports, netlayers, floating AA and torpedo batteries, command ships, decoy ships (small merchantmen with hidden weaponry), 6476: 925: 6019: 5776: 5646: 5496: 5165: 4974: 4946: 4559: 4434: 3378: 2667: 2619: 2583: 1727: 4799:

Dribins, Leo, Gūtmanis, Armands, and Vestermanis, Marģers, Latvia's Jewish Community: History, Tragedy, Revival (2001) at page 224

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and better equipment, the U-boat fleet started to suffer heavy losses. The turning point of the Battle of the Atlantic was during

761:. Total casualties from the Republican attack were 31 dead and 110 wounded, 71 seriously, mostly burn victims. In retaliation the 724:

was humanitarian relief operations and evacuating 9,300 refugees, including 4,550 German citizens. Following the brokering of the

6729: 6542: 5981: 5672: 3909: 2643: 2125: 1911: 1082:

began: from September 1941 to May 1944 some 62 German submarines were transferred there, sneaking past the British naval base at

741: 494: 6690: 4286:. About 40 regiments were raised and from January 1945 on six divisions. Half of the regiments were absorbed by the divisions. 2675: 2627: 2459: 1698: 1388:

from January to May 1945. It was during this activity that the catastrophic sinking of several large passenger ships occurred:

597: 5463: 2093:

Some ship types do not fit clearly into the commonly used ship classifications. Where there is argument, this has been noted.

7379: 7361: 6176: 6009: 5930: 5692: 5186: 4525: 4447: 2719: 2691: 2659: 2651: 2611: 1234: 1164:

program and the subsequent decision to escort Lend-Lease convoys with US war ships through the western part of the Atlantic.

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left only a handful of undamaged heavy ships available for the planned, but never executed, invasion of the United Kingdom (

830:. In the version of Plan Z drawn up in August 1939, the German fleet was planned to consist of the following ships by 1945: 2853:

during the war, mostly civilian ships that were drafted and fitted with military equipment, for use in coastal operations.

785:. At least eight U-boats engaged a small number of targets in the area throughout the conflict. (By comparison the Italian 7107: 6181: 6014: 5781: 5716: 4043:), Torpedo Boats, Minesweepers, Reconnaissance Forces, Naval Security Forces, Big Guns and Hand Guns, and Midget Weapons. 3646: 3411: 3298: 2635: 2029: 1957: 1331: 1201: 1196:

were evacuated back to German ports for deployment to Norway. The ships had been repeatedly damaged by air attacks by the

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was started two years later in 1938, but neither ship was completed. In 1942 conversion of three German passenger ships (

6833: 6806: 6780: 6766: 6371: 6121: 6092: 6076: 3621: 3348: 3177: 3152: 3020: 2876: 2511: 2431: 2212: 2201: 1636: 1624: 1024: 827: 758: 654: 638: 492:) were used to disrupt Allied shipping in the early years of the war, the most famous of these being the heavy cruisers 5528: 4864: 1946:("Drumbeat" ("Beat of the Kettle Drum"); "Second Happy Time") (1942) – U-boat campaign off the United States east coast 7189: 7081: 6734: 6639: 6517: 6486: 6351: 5908: 5891: 5620: 3292: 2554:(cruiser) Holland 1 and 2). Captured in the Netherlands 1940. Both being on the stocks and building continued for the 2131: 1846: 1688: 1207: 1079: 921: 747: 4054:

controlled a flotilla and organized its actions during the operation. The commands were, by their nature, temporary.

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protecting major ports and important coastal areas. It also operated anti-aircraft batteries protecting major ports.

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All engineering of the aircraft carriers like catapults, arresting gears and so on were tested and developed at the

7271: 6932: 6748: 6706: 6683: 6593: 6431: 6391: 6366: 6217: 6059: 5955: 5866: 5583: 5568: 5563: 3323: 2539: 2314: 2102: 2057: 1381: 1343: 1325: 1301:, for fear of losing them in action and to tie up British naval forces. The largest of these ships, the battleship 1213: 1102: 614: 608: 506: 5283:

Krüger, Peter. "Die Verhandlungen über die deutsche Kriegs-und Handelsflotte auf der Konferenz von Potsdam 1945."

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Sunk by mines in Taranto harbor while operating as a transport. The mines were laid by torpedo boats (E-boats)

2518: 2239: 2141: 1532: 1285: 1030: 289: 7229: 1261:

Instead, resources were diverted to new U-boats, and the surface fleet became a lesser threat to the Allies.

514:, especially in the Atlantic, greatly reduced the effectiveness of surface commerce raiders against convoys. 7367: 7347: 6741: 6603: 6578: 6532: 6491: 6441: 6361: 5989: 5578: 5573: 4679:(Kindle, English Translation ed.). Barnsley: Seaforth Publishing. p. Kindle location 731 of 4855. 4144: 3935: 3887: 3729: 3723: 3246: 2492: 2266: 2147: 1862: 1815: 1060:

and the conquest of Norway gave German submarines greatly improved access to British shipping routes in the

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was then Commander-in-Chief of the OKM for the short period of time until Germany surrendered in May 1945.

1954:("New Land") (1942) – U-boat campaign in the Caribbean Sea; launched in conjunction with Operation Drumbeat 7182: 6568: 6457: 6436: 6421: 6411: 6396: 6232: 4091:

had a near-complete monopoly on all German military aviation, including naval aviation, a source of great

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Brückner, who had taken over from Stein, issued a set of anti-Jewish regulations in the local newspaper,

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were rapidly assembled groups of submarines which attacked British convoys during the first half of the

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broke out in September 1939, Plan Z was shelved in favour of a crash building programme for submarines (

26: 7438: 4574: 4360: 2571:

was captured by the Germans on 11 September 1943 after the capitulation of Italy. She was pressed into

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out of fear for Soviet retaliation (mass rapes, killings, and looting by Soviet troops did occur). The

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feared losses of these precious ships. The most effective of these attacks was the near destruction of

5052: 1995: 1295:, most German surface ships in bases at the Atlantic were blockaded in, or close to, their ports as a 7298: 7246: 7071: 7003: 6998: 6993: 6988: 6983: 6978: 6973: 6968: 6945: 6940: 6924: 6919: 6909: 6865: 6573: 6552: 6547: 6480: 6221: 6142: 6040: 5734: 5697: 4114: 4092: 3570: 3564: 3224: 3199: 3193: 2926: 2504: 2175: 2011: 1930: 1787: 1702: 1545: 1517: 1355: 947: 627: 388:

in the 1930s. The 1919 treaty had limited the size of the German navy and prohibited the building of

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Page: 41, author: Gordon Williamson, John White, publisher: Osprey Publishing, accessed: 9 July 2008

7112: 7076: 7061: 7008: 6950: 6891: 6386: 6253: 5902: 4279: 4260: 3132: 2810: 2399:) in 1940. In German language usage these three ships were designed and built as "armoured ships" ( 2038: 1610: 1564: 1389: 1308: 1011: 959: 887:

and two H-class battleships were laid down and parts for two further H-class battleships and three

617: 7477: 7066: 7056: 7041: 6527: 5918: 4267: 4152: 4069: 3770: 3707: 3655: 3536: 3332: 3161: 3048: 2911: 2899: 2170:

ship-borne biplane torpedo and reconnaissance bomber and the naval versions of two key early war

2019: 1980: 1807: 1513: 1365: 1141: 1053: 1049: 966: 951: 917: 7127: 6263: 4604: 2411: 1500:, improved tactics, and new weapons all contributed. German technical developments, such as the 1133:, which had a magazine explosion and sank in minutes, with the loss of 862, or 2/3 of her crew. 883:

The planned naval program was not very far advanced by the time World War II began. In 1939 two

5197: 5015: 4924:

E. Gröner, Die Schiffe der deutschen Kriegsmarine. 2nd Edition. 1976, München, Lehmanns Verlag.

2230:, which participated in the invasion of Norway in 1940, and then in commerce raiding until the 2166:(Experimental Agency Sea in Travemünde) including the airplanes for the aircraft carriers, the 7117: 7046: 7036: 6537: 6512: 6465: 6268: 5182: 5161: 4970: 4942: 4680: 4655: 4630: 4555: 3989: 3738: 3630: 3580: 3446: 3358: 3082: 2990: 2903: 2898:, a long range type used in the western and southern Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans; the 2895: 2775: 2596: 2497: 1949: 1942: 1650: 1642: 1632: 1577: 1501: 1474: 1177: 1038:

did in return sink some British warships during this campaign, including the aircraft carrier

1019: 991: 489: 401: 385: 180: 47: 5100: 4880: 4734: 4068:, was administered by officers with experience in sea duty but not in ship design, while the 1160:. This course of events were the result of the American decision to support Britain with its 7217: 7051: 7031: 6714: 6675: 6461: 6426: 6321: 5999: 5686: 3975: 3812: 3680: 3605: 3461: 3040: 3000: 2960: 2907: 2600: 2500:

model and possessed only an armoured deck. The Kriegsmarine light cruisers were as follows:

2329: 1493: 1436: 1069: 1057: 913: 909: 782: 717: 561: 485: 481: 5033: 1604:

Jews were to surrender all radios, typewriters, uniforms, arms, and means of transportation

1520:) became operational, the first submarines designed to operate submerged at all times. The 423:, a massive shipbuilding programme, was ordered, calling for surface naval parity with the 7309: 6886: 6840: 6795: 6258: 5204: 4962: 4934: 4852: 4762: 4462: 4256: 4245: 3984: 3845: 3833: 3792: 3420: 2950: 2488: 2167: 1769: 1197: 1129: 884: 737: 679: 532: 409: 344: 334: 5385: 4991:"U-boats after World War Two - Fates - German U-boats of WWII - Kriegsmarine - uboat.net" 1595:

Jews were barred from public events and transportation and were not to walk on the beach;

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Güth, Rolf. "Die Organisation der deutschen Marine in Krieg und Frieden, 1913-1933." In

5118: 4251:

In September 1944 amphibious units unsuccessfully tried to capture the strategic island

2696:(HSK not assigned, Schiff 5, never active in raider operations, used as a training ship) 1425:

to fight the superior strength of the Western Allies from 1944 was the formation of the

1410:

also provided important assistance in the evacuation of the fleeing German civilians of

7373: 6522: 4514:

Chemical Weapons Dumped in the Ocean After World War II Could Threaten Waters Worldwide

4159: 4148: 4076: 3960: 3918: 3837: 3511: 3186: 3030: 2872: 1917: 1827: 1601:

Jewish shops were required to display the sign "A Jewish-owned business" in the window;

1478: 1297: 1223: 1061: 565: 451:(as for all branches of the armed forces during the period of absolute Nazi power) was 424: 220: 4496: 1241:

in Norway were seldom involved in these attacks, because of the inferiority of German

670:, Hitler unilaterally rescinded the restrictions of the Anglo-German Naval Agreement. 442:

surface warships, and land and air forces were given priority of strategic resources.

7451: 7290: 7223: 7122: 6850: 6818: 6381: 6201: 6134: 6105: 4180: 2849: 2794: 2484: 2317: 2211:

completed four battleships during its existence. The first pair were the 11-inch gun

2179: 2162: 1990: 1977:(1942) – movement of capital ships from Brest to home ports in Germany (Channel Dash) 1886: 1619: 1459: 1401: 1193: 1002: 865: 859: 853: 322: 4033:

Each squadron (organised by type of ship) also had a command structure with its own

1406:

was sunk by British bombers, each sinking claiming thousands of civilian lives. The

7328: 7317: 7260: 7254: 7137: 7132: 6758: 6331: 6068: 6045: 5558: 5136: 4211: 4100: 4034: 3952: 3922: 3486: 3276: 3102:

on 3 September 1939. This carrier air group (Trägergeschwader 186) was part of the

3010: 2779: 2341: 2306: 2033: 1973: 1925: 1777: 1749: 1586: 1470: 1264: 1250: 1219: 1182: 1039: 787: 733: 666:. In April 1939, as tensions escalated between the United Kingdom and Germany over 642: 575: 557: 511: 452: 439: 431: 328: 314: 216: 186: 121: 103: 5478: 5078: 4701: 1536:

Anti-Jewish measures ordered by the German naval commander in Liepāja, 5 July 1941

781:

U-boats also participated in covert action against Republican shipping as part of

1687:, and a dozen destroyers were operational) were divided among the victors by the 1598:

Jews were required to leave the pavement if they encountered a German in uniform;

1226:

in 1588 had any warships in wartime done this. It was a tactical victory for the

7402: 7396: 3819: 3395: 3252: 3217: 3093: 3089: 2902:, the most numerous type, used principally in the north Atlantic; and the small 2836: 2472: 1795: 1782: 1675:

After the war, the German surface ships that remained afloat (only the cruisers

1508: 1506:, attempted to counter these. Near the end of the war a small number of the new 1361: 1233:

With the German attack on the Soviet Union in June 1941 Britain started to send

1150: 590: 4497:"Peace Treaty of Versailles, Articles 159-213, Military, Naval and Air Clauses" 778:

between 15 and 18 June 1937 Germany withdrew from the Non-Intervention Patrol.

6798: 4457: 3139: 3055: 2970: 2335: 1765: 1752:

and integrated into their new navy. In 1956, with West Germany's accession to

1551: 1192:

In February 1942, the three large warships stationed on the Atlantic coast at

1161: 838: 814: 528: 427: 5373:

Dönitz at Nuremberg: A Reappraisal: War Crimes and the Military Professional.

2340:

were converted into radio-guided target ships in 1928 and 1930 respectively.

1485:

Boats were also used as a means of exchanging vital war supplies with Japan.

1222:) on their way to Norway despite British efforts to stop them. Not since the 1022:(half of German destroyer strength at the time), and two light cruisers, the 7022: 6901: 5651: 5543: 5519: 3871: 3104: 2832: 2566: 1427: 1411: 1314:

From late 1944 until the end of the war, the surviving surface fleet of the

1186: 1087: 1083: 1015: 622:) was a step in the formation of a modern German fleet. The building of the 553: 389: 366: 358: 167: 133: 5222:

Weimar, the German Naval Officer Corps, and the Rise of National Socialism.

4236:

landed with soldiers of the German Army from destroyers on 9 April 1940 in

3929:

Adolf Hitler was the Supreme Commander of all German forces, including the

2391:. Modern commentators favour classifying these as "heavy cruisers" and the 2016:("Lemon extract") (1943) – raid upon Allied-occupied Spitzbergen (Svalbard) 1385: 5407: 4825: 1121:

In November 1941 during the Battle of the Mediterranean, German submarine

4275: 3979: 3307: 2025: 1415: 1373: 1181:

submarine warfare continued on all fronts, and when German forces in the

1146: 1108: 1034:

which was sunk off the coast of Kristiansand by a British submarine. The

4677:

Hitler's Gateway to the Atlantic: German Naval Bases in France 1940-1945

2914:

was a specialised type used to support distant U-boat operations – the "

2688:(HSK number not assigned, Schiff 14, never active in raider operations.) 1153:, although war was not formally declared, leading to the sinking of the 4990: 4252: 4229: 4196: 2840: 1558:

by the Germans on 29 June 1941, the town came under the command of the

1447: 1432: 1395: 549: 5343:

Translated by Harold Erenberg. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 1981.

2410:

was scuttled by her own crew in the Battle of the River Plate, in the

1010:

sunk by artillery and torpedoes from Norwegian shore batteries at the

692:

German involvement in the Spanish Civil War § Maritime operations

7102: 7097: 7018: 6196: 6185: 5993: 5615: 5341:

The U-Boat: The Evolution and Technical History of German Submarines.

5306:

The Three German Navies: Dissolution, Transition, and New Beginning.

4845: 4237: 4222:(Naval Shock Troop Company) landed in Danzig from the old battleship 2862: 2769: 2066: 1712: 1555: 1455:

also organised a number of divisions of infantry from its personnel.

1065: 804: 435: 420: 4482: 1028:

which was bombed and sunk by Royal Navy aircraft in Bergen, and the

5079:"The Working Environment for German Warship design in WWI and WWII" 4591: 4037:. The commands were Battleships, Cruisers, Destroyers, Submarines ( 4722: 4359: 3913: 3445:

were unaware that it had been sunk until 27 January 1942 when the

2866: 2742: 2741: 2705: 2704: 2582: 2471: 2289: 2189: 2061: 1867: 1821: 1531: 1497: 1441: 1263: 1242: 1092: 929: 754: 637: 2575:

service for a brief time before being destroyed by British MTBs.

2140:) and two unfinished cruisers, the captured French light cruiser 1311:), several British capital ships could be moved to the Far East. 7174: 5443: 4756:, 5 July 1941, page 1, at website of National Library of Latvia. 4526:

Wolves Without Teeth: The German Torpedo Crisis in World War Two

4270:

in June 1944 and the Soviet advance from the summer of 1944 the

4244:(Marine Attack Troop Battalion) was flown in from France to the 1753: 1615: 775: 310: 145: 7178: 6679: 5944: 5940: 5492: 5479:

The photo album of Kriegsmarine minelayer 'Roland' crew member.

5152: 5150: 3963:

on 30 January 1943 who held the command until he was appointed

2599:

were converted into "auxiliary cruisers" and nine were used as

1962:("Rainbow") (1942) – failed attack on Arctic convoy JW 51B, by 1368:) in large rescue operations. Large parts of the population of 1114:

while breaking out into the Atlantic for commerce raiding. The

982:. Submarine attacks on Britain's vital maritime supply routes ( 564:. Military aircraft were also banned, so Germany could have no 5276:

Güth, Rolf. "Die Organisation der Kriegsmarine bis 1939." In

4228:

for conquering a Polish bastion at Westerplatte. A reinforced

484:, when U-boat losses mounted. Along with the U-boats, surface 7414: 5255:

Dülffer, Jost. "Die Reichs- und Kriegsmarine, 1918-1939." In

5236:

Die Geschichte des deutschen Marine- Ingenieuroffizierskorps.

4139:

with some air-power from bases on land. Five coastal groups (

5488: 5391: 4075:

Communication was undertaken using an eight-rotor system of

2827:

Thousands of smaller warships and auxiliaries served in the

740:. Numerous vessels served as part of these duties including 4440:

List of Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross recipients of the

4216:

At the beginning of World War II, on 1 September 1939, the

1001:, where it suffered significant losses, which included the 997:

In April 1940, the German Navy was heavily involved in the

2234:

was heavily damaged by a British air raid in 1942 and the

1812:("Viking") (1940) – foray by destroyers into the North Sea 1431:(Small Battle Units). These were special naval units with 400:

ships were deployed to the waters around Spain during the

16:

Naval warfare branch of Germany's armed forces (1935–1945)

4627:

Battleships: Axis and Neutral Battleships in World War II

3081:

The first warship sunk in World War II was the destroyer

1245:

technology, and because Hitler and the leadership of the

5424: 4166:, although with lesser resources as the war progressed. 2265:

was sunk on her first sortie into the Atlantic in 1941 (

1756:, a new navy was established and was referred to as the 1734:(GMSA), which consisted of 27,000 members of the former 880:

Personnel strength was planned to rise to over 200,000.

2043:(1945) – the British Royal Navy's postwar scuttling of 1832:(1940) – operation to disrupt Allied supplies to Norway 1458:

Between 1943 and 1945, a group of U-boats known as the

720:

Nationalists although the immediate involvement of the

4629:. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. pp. 145–146. 4575:"Organization of the Kriegsmarine in the West 1940-45" 4406:(Tropical and summer suit) – uniforms for hot climates 1284:

had been sunk in an attack on an Arctic convoy in the

1189:, a few submarines were eventually transferred there. 5359:

The Last Year of the Kriegsmarine: May 1944-May 1945.

5329:

Translated by Derek Masters. London: Ian Allan, 1974.

1885:("Double blow") (1942) – anti-shipping operation off 589:) and a torpedo research program in Sweden where the 5481:

Photos of minelayers on combat missions and various

4969:. Barnsley, UK: Pen & Sword Books. p. 225. 3866:, judged not worth repairing, beached and abandoned 1101:

In 1941, one of the four modern German battleships,

7389: 7346: 7327: 7308: 7289: 7270: 7245: 7210: 7090: 7017: 6959: 6900: 6849: 6817: 6794: 6757: 6713: 6652: 6622: 6561: 6505: 6450: 6339: 6330: 6307: 6281: 6241: 6210: 6169: 6133: 6104: 6067: 6058: 6033: 5980: 5884: 5854: 5822: 5790: 5755: 5709: 5665: 5634: 5608: 5601: 5551: 4941:. Barnsley, UK: Pen & Sword Books. p. 32. 2242:in late 1943. The second pair were the 15-inch gun 1173:

German declaration of war against the United States

259: 245: 231: 226: 210: 198: 193: 175: 161: 151: 141: 127: 110: 90: 72: 54: 36: 4735:Submarines: an illustrated history of their impact 4371:Many different types of uniforms were worn by the 4103:twin-float seaplanes were manned by the so-called 3353:on 13 November, sank while under tow to Gibraltar 1786:(People's Navy) was established in 1956. With the 1741:The destroyers and the Soviet share light cruiser 1380:evacuated two million civilians and troops in the 791:operated 58 submarines in the area as part of the 4654:. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. p. 111. 4554:Podzun-Pallas-Verlag. Wölfersheim-Berstadt 1996. 3441:. While the attack on the ship was recorded, the 2782:. Over 200 boats of this type were built for the 2069:operating near the coast of occupied France, 1941 958:were the sinking of the British aircraft carrier 5301:Bonn and Bad Godesberg: Neue Gesellschaft, 1976. 5229:German Naval History: A Guide to the Literature. 1935:(1942) – anti-shipping operation in Kara Sea by 7468:Military history of Germany during World War II 5313:Kriegstagebuch der Seekriegsleitung, 1939-1945. 5308:Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2002. 3951:). The first Commander-in-Chief of the OKM was 3096:from the carrier air group of aircraft carrier 1726:and remains in active service, assigned to the 1581:. Summarized, the regulations were as follows: 1542:German occupation of Latvia during World War II 517:Following the end of World War II in 1945, the 728:to enforce an international arms embargo, the 7190: 6691: 5956: 5914:German persecution of Soviet prisoners of war 5504: 5386:The Nazi German Navy 1935-1945 (Kriegsmarine) 5278:Wehrmacht und Nationalsozialismus, 1933-1939, 5158:Das Buch der deutschen Kriegsmarine 1935–1945 4807: 4805: 4745: 4743: 4650:Koop, Gerhard; Schmolke, Klaus-Peter (1999). 4625:Garzke, William H.; Dulin, Robert O. (1985). 3807:Mine hit, declared a constructive total loss 2403:) – "pocket battleship" is an English label. 1705:. Some (like the unfinished aircraft carrier 813:saw as her main tasks the controlling of the 527:and were used for various purposes including 523:'s remaining ships were divided up among the 371:, the German armed forces from 1935 to 1945. 8: 5198:Gesamtstärke der Kriegsmarine am 1. Mai 1943 4569: 4567: 4223: 4135:which was never completed, yet provided the 4130: 3097: 2724:Although the German World War II destroyer ( 2453: 2447: 2441: 2435: 2386: 2380: 2370: 2300: 2294: 2256: 2250: 2225: 2219: 2195: 1742: 1692: 1682: 1676: 1349: 1337: 1319: 1279: 973: 573: 518: 467: 456: 446: 395: 379: 364: 356: 348: 338: 326: 278: 165: 131: 37: 20: 5392:"German U-Boats and Battle of the Atlantic" 4046:Major naval operations were commanded by a 2120:was started in 1936 and construction of an 1985:("East front") (1943) – final operation of 480:, but this tactic was largely abandoned by 294: 7197: 7183: 7175: 6698: 6684: 6676: 6336: 6064: 6030: 5963: 5949: 5941: 5759: 5605: 5511: 5497: 5489: 5371:Thompson, Harold Keith, and Henry Strutz. 5315:68 vols. Herford: E.S. Mittler, 1988–1997. 5311:Rahn, Werner, and Gerhard Schreiber, eds. 5290:Lohmann, Walter, and Hans H. Hildebrandt. 5280:401–500. Munich: Bernard und Graefe, 1978. 5273:263–336. Munich: Bernard und Graefe, 1977. 5259:337–488. Munich: Bernard und Graefe, 1977. 4846:German Mine Sweeping Administration (GMSA) 3933:. His authority was exercised through the 2935: 2269:) although she did sink the battlecruiser 2073:By the start of World War II, much of the 1824:") (1940) – invasion of Denmark and Norway 455:, who exercised his authority through the 46: 6707:German naval ship classes of World War II 5348:Die deutsche Seekriegsleitung, 1935-1945, 5245:7 vols., Friedberg: Podzun- Pallas, 1985. 4594:, U-boats in the Mediterranean – Overview 4453:List of World War II torpedoes of Germany 4356:Uniforms and insignia of the Kriegsmarine 2491:". Light cruisers were defined under the 2395:itself reclassified these ships as such ( 2000:(1943) – second aborted Arctic sortie by 1097:The crew of a minesweeper in France, 1941 404:(1936–1939) under the guise of enforcing 5897:German military brothels in World War II 5327:Chronology of the War at Sea, 1939-1945. 4725:, U-boat Operations – The Monsun U-boats 4605:"Battleship HMS Barham - Militär Wissen" 4293: 4099:. Catapult-launched spotter planes like 3236:Torpedoed in Narvik harbor by destroyer 3207:Torpedoed in Narvik harbor by destroyer 3114: 3108:, but at that time under command of the 2547:Never completed: three M-class cruisers 1790:in 1990, it was decided to use the name 1589:on the front and back of their clothing; 7427: 7362:German Mine Sweeping Formation Cuxhaven 5368:Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 1990. 5361:Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 1994. 5322:Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 1983. 4474: 4170:Coastal artillery, flak and radar units 2487:" is a shortening of the phrase "light 1667:. Ruckteschell died in prison in 1948. 22:Kaiserliche und Königliche Kriegsmarine 5271:Deutsche Marinegeschichte der Neuzeit, 5257:Deutsche Marinegeschichte der Neuzeit, 5160:. Publisher Motorbuch. Stuttgart 1995 5016:"Battleships sunk by the Kriegsmarine" 3955:who was the Commander-in-Chief of the 3077:Major enemy warships sunk or destroyed 1904:(1942) – aborted operation (including 1646:its crew, there was no investigation. 1562:. On 1 July 1941, the town commandant 1400:were sunk by Soviet submarines, while 1090:by their crews at the end of the war. 1078:entered the war in June 1940, and the 613:in 1931 (as a replacement for the old 33: 5299:Die SPD und die Wehrfrage, 1949-1955. 5292:Die deutsche Kriegsmarine, 1939-1945. 5241:Breyer, Siegfried, and Gerhard Koop. 5181:. Publisher Husum Druck. Husum 1996. 3967:upon Hitler's suicide in April 1945. 3892:, declared a constructive total loss 3264:Torpedoed by torpedo boats (E-boats) 2024:(1945) – evacuation proceedings from 1920:Move") (1942) – operation (including 1840:(1940) – first Atlantic operation of 732:was allotted the patrol area between 726:International Non-Intervention Patrol 586:NV Ingenieurskantoor voor Scheepsbouw 317:from 1935 to 1945. It superseded the 288: 7: 5325:Rohwer, Jürgen and Gert Hümmelchen. 4652:Battleships of the Scharnhorst Class 4541:. Penguin Books. London. 2006. p.665 4516:smithsonianmag.com November 11, 2016 4259:from Germany's former ally Finland ( 3974:Subordinate to these were regional, 3947:), and a Chief of Naval Operations ( 3945:Chef des Stabes der Seekriegsleitung 2910:was a small class of minelayers and 2309:following the occupation of the port 2273:and severely damaged the battleship 1631:In September 1939, U-boat commander 1488:During 1943 and 1944, due to Allied 1473:from Japanese bases in the occupied 1451:. In the last stage of the war, the 1218:passed through the English Channel ( 531:. Some were loaded with superfluous 7356:German Mine Sweeping Administration 5462:. bismarck-class.dk. Archived from 5320:Axis Submarine Successes 1939-1945. 5179:Deutsche Marineinfanterie 1938–1945 5034:"Carriers sunk by the Kriegsmarine" 4375:; here is a list of the main ones: 3943:), a Chief of Naval General Staff ( 2937:Top 10 U-boat aces in World War II 2738:German torpedoboats of World War II 1732:German Mine Sweeping Administration 5460:"Deutschland in Spanish Civil War" 5429:German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net 5294:3 vols. Bad Nauheim: Podzun, 1956. 5053:"Organization of the Kriegsmarine" 4855:(in German), accessed: 9 June 2008 4248:to occupy this British territory. 1618:, which stated that he wanted 100 1018:. Ten destroyers were lost in the 14: 5777:Flag officers of the Kriegsmarine 5767:Foreign volunteers and conscripts 5657:General der Nachrichtenaufklärung 5354:Munich: Bernard und Graefe, 1975. 5077:Lienau, Peter (22 October 1999). 4435:Glossary of German military terms 4064:ship design bureau, known as the 3941:Oberbefehlshaber der Kriegsmarine 3939:(OKM) with a Commander-in-Chief ( 3176:Torpedoed at anchor by submarine 1728:United States Coast Guard Academy 1701:in 1946 as a target ship for the 696:The first military action of the 7430: 5366:The German Navy in the Nazi Era. 4790:, at page 233, n.26 and page 287 4183:. Naval bases were protected by 3910:Organization of the Kriegsmarine 2550:Never completed: KH-1 and KH-2 ( 1870:exercise") (1941) – breakout by 1691:. The US used the heavy cruiser 954:. In 1939, major events for the 902:Baltic Sea Campaigns (1939–1945) 870:158 destroyers and torpedo boats 408:, but in reality supporting the 263: 251: 237: 115: 96: 5287:63, no. 1 (1966): 10–19, 81–94. 5262:Güth, Rolf. "Bild einer Crew." 5250:Weimar, Hitler, und die Marine. 4024:used a form of encoding called 2847:employed hundreds of auxiliary 2082:were sunk during the war (both 1699:nuclear testing at Bikini Atoll 7463:1935 establishments in Germany 7380:Main Administration Sea Police 4448:List of naval ships of Germany 4109:(shipboard flying group 196). 3377:Sunk by the auxiliary cruiser 2720:German World War II destroyers 463:('High Command of the Navy'). 445:The Commander-in-Chief of the 325:(1871–1918) and the inter-war 1: 7473:Naval history of World War II 7211:Pre–unification German states 5782:Luftwaffe personnel structure 4191:against enemy air raids. The 4174:The coastal batteries of the 2955:274,333 tons (47 ships sunk) 2894:The principal types were the 2432:Admiral Hipper-class cruisers 2146:and the German heavy cruiser 926:Black Sea Campaigns (1941–44) 5137:"Seefliegerverbände 1939-45" 5081:. Naval Weapons of the World 4704:. Naval Weapons of the World 4702:"German Naval Radar to 1945" 4700:Sieche, Erwin (4 May 2007). 4483:"Wehrmacht > WW2 Weapons" 4030:to denote regions on a map. 3949:Chef der Operationsabteilung 3047:plus the British battleship 3021:Heinrich Lehmann-Willenbrock 2877:Saint-Nazaire submarine base 2202:Battle of the Denmark Strait 2086:-class battleships and both 1851:(1941) – Atlantic cruise of 1127:sank the British battleship 655:Anglo-German Naval Agreement 6025:Naval regions and districts 5909:Myth of the clean Wehrmacht 5892:War crimes of the Wehrmacht 3722:Torpedoed by torpedo boats 3388:was also sunk in the battle 2315:pre-dreadnought battleships 2305:(right side-foreground) in 2286:Pre-dreadnought battleships 1689:Tripartite Naval Commission 1421:A desperate measure of the 1080:Battle of the Mediterranean 965:and the British battleship 922:Battle of the Mediterranean 603:The launching of the first 510:. However, the adoption of 7494: 7405:(1956–1990) (East Germany) 7382:(1950–1956) (East Germany) 7376:(1951–1956) (West Germany) 7272:North German Confederation 5772:Bribery of senior officers 5626:Office for General Affairs 5425:"The U-boat War 1939–1945" 5334:The War At Sea, 1939-1945. 5243:Die deutsche Kriegsmarine, 5051:Pipes, Jason (1996–2006). 4416:Kleiner Gesellschaftsanzug 4367:uniforms and rank insignia 4353: 4312: 4309: 4301:Personnel strength of the 4242:Marine Stoßtrupp Abteilung 4209: 3907: 2921:Types XXI and XXIII, the " 2860: 2767: 2735: 2717: 2414:estuary in December 1939. 2367:Deutschland-class cruisers 2058:List of Kriegsmarine ships 2055: 1908:) to attack Arctic convoys 1649:In 1945, U-boat Commander 1585:All Jews were to wear the 1539: 1382:evacuation of East Prussia 899: 817:and winning a war against 802: 689: 615:pre-dreadnought battleship 343:was one of three official 18: 7280:Norddeutsche Bundesmarine 7146: 5927: 5862:German military equipment 5762: 5526: 5266:61, no. 3 (1964): 131–41. 5252:Düsseldorf: Droste, 1973. 4813:Who Died in the Holocaust 4675:Hellwinkel, Lars (2014). 4422:Großer Gesellschaftsanzug 4340:Petty officers and seamen 4234:Marine Stoßtrupp Kompanie 4219:Marine Stoßtrupp Kompanie 3969:Hans-Georg von Friedeburg 3840:, abandoned and scuttled 3575:, abandoned and scuttled 3045:160,939 tons (28 ships), 2883:The Submarine Arm of the 1661:Hellmuth von Ruckteschell 1550:Following the capture of 1418:in March and April 1945. 1278:After December 1943 when 1258:Battle of the Barents Sea 980:Battle of the River Plate 290:[ˈkʁiːksmaˌʁiːnə] 157:1,500,000 (total 1939–45) 45: 19:For the Austro-Hungarian 5872:German military aircraft 5444:"Bismarck & Tirpitz" 5238:Hamburg: Stalling, 1974. 5231:New York: Garland, 1985. 5224:Amsterdam: Grüner, 1977. 5156:J. P. Mallmann-Showell: 4388:(Lesser service uniform) 4162:seaplanes supported the 4040:Führer der Unterseeboote 3035:162,333 tons (30 ships) 3025:166,596 tons (22 ships) 3015:167,601 tons (28 ships) 3005:171,122 tons (26 ships) 2995:171,164 tons (34 ships) 2985:186,064 tons (29 ships) 2975:193,684 tons (34 ships) 2965:225,712 tons (43 ships) 2561:In addition, the former 2240:Battle of the North Cape 1802:Major wartime operations 1788:reunification of Germany 1772:went on to serve in the 1176:(this was the so-called 948:Battle of the Danzig Bay 757:by two bombers from the 710:, and the light cruiser 572:, which was renamed the 544:Post–World War I origins 7348:Allied–occupied Germany 7230:Schleswig–Holstein Navy 6332:Battles and engagements 5203:8 February 2019 at the 5101:"Bordfliegergruppe 196" 4811:Anders and Dubrovskis, 4788:The Holocaust in Latvia 4775:The Holocaust in Latvia 4761:30 October 2018 at the 4145:reconnaissance aircraft 3936:Oberkommando der Marine 3782:Torpedoed by submarine 3753:Torpedoed by submarine 3645:Torpedoed by submarine 3620:Torpedoed by submarine 3595:Torpedoed by submarine 3526:Torpedoed by submarine 3501:Torpedoed by submarine 3476:Torpedoed by submarine 3435:Torpedoed by submarine 3410:Torpedoed by submarine 3347:Torpedoed by submarine 3341:Fleet aircraft carrier 3322:Sunk by the battleship 3285:Fleet aircraft carrier 3151:Torpedoed by submarine 3145:Fleet aircraft carrier 2493:Washington Naval Treaty 2479:visiting Gdynia, Poland 2434:in active service were 682:, had to be cancelled. 560:, and no submarines or 459:Oberkommando der Marine 386:German naval rearmament 7368:Labor Service Unit (B) 6665:Awards and decorations 5931:Uranverein|Uranprojekt 5408:"Kriegsmarine History" 5375:New York: Amber, 1976. 5336:London: HMSO, 1954–61. 4967:Battle of the Atlantic 4939:Battle of the Atlantic 4815:, at pages 126 and 127 4404:Tropen-und Sommeranzug 4394:(Suit for walking out) 4368: 4224: 4131: 4027:Gradnetzmeldeverfahren 3996:for the Baltic Fleet, 3926: 3098: 2906:, for coastal waters. 2880: 2752: 2715: 2592: 2591:meeting a U-boat, 1940 2587:The auxiliary cruiser 2480: 2464:were never completed. 2454: 2448: 2442: 2436: 2387: 2381: 2371: 2310: 2301: 2295: 2257: 2251: 2226: 2220: 2204: 2196: 2070: 1743: 1693: 1683: 1677: 1537: 1490:anti-submarine tactics 1350: 1338: 1320: 1280: 1275: 1212:and the heavy cruiser 1169:attack on Pearl Harbor 1098: 984:Battle of the Atlantic 974: 944:Battle of Westerplatte 935: 906:Battle of the Atlantic 889:O-class battlecruisers 876:Numerous smaller craft 650: 574: 519: 478:Battle of the Atlantic 468: 457: 447: 396: 380: 365: 357: 349: 339: 327: 279: 166: 132: 78:; 78 years ago 60:; 89 years ago 38: 21: 7419:at Knowledge (XXG)'s 7390:Post WWII German Navy 7236:Austro–Hungarian Navy 7220:(16th century – 1701) 6660:Uniforms and insignia 6299:Patrol boat flotillas 6294:Minesweeper flotillas 5730:Inspector of Fighters 5647:Army Personnel Office 5592:Wehrmachtbefehlshaber 5423:Helgason, Guðmundur. 4899:"Deutschland History" 4867:German Seaman 1939–45 4851:20 April 2008 at the 4737:Paul E. Fontenoy p.39 4539:The Spanish Civil War 4363: 4318:Commissioned officers 4106:Bordfliegergruppe 196 3917: 3366:Royal Australian Navy 3230:Coastal defence ship 2981:Karl-Friedrich Merten 2870: 2745: 2708: 2595:During the war, some 2586: 2475: 2293: 2193: 2182:C Stuka dive bomber. 2161:Erprobungsstelle See 2108:(excluding U-boats): 2065: 1760:(Federal Navy). Some 1535: 1372:fled the approaching 1267: 1096: 933: 793:Sottomarini Legionari 746:. On 29 May 1937 the 641: 628:coastal defence ships 598:Nazi seizure of power 286:German pronunciation: 27:Austro-Hungarian Navy 7247:German Confederation 7153:Single ship of class 7108:M-class minesweepers 7082:Uncompleted projects 6492:Norway & Denmark 6041:Imperial German Navy 5735:Inspector of Bombers 5332:Roskill, Stephen W. 5141:www.wlb-stuttgart.de 4885:German Naval History 4865:Google book review: 4833:Liepāja Jews in WWII 4424:(Full dress uniform) 4268:invasion of Normandy 4141:Küstenfliegergruppen 4111:Trägergeschwader 186 4093:interservice rivalry 3965:President of Germany 3560:Z7 Hermann Schoemann 3291:Sunk by battleships 3225:Royal Norwegian Navy 3210:Z21 Wilhelm Heidkamp 3200:Coastal defence ship 3194:Royal Norwegian Navy 2879:in France, June 1941 2751:-class torpedo boats 2313:The World War I-era 2267:Operation Rheinübung 2249:, consisting of the 2218:, consisting of the 2176:Messerschmitt Bf 109 2103:combat ships of the 1703:Operation Crossroads 1286:Battle of North Cape 1064:. At first, British 990:was responsible for 759:Republican Air Force 384:grew rapidly during 376:Treaty of Versailles 374:In violation of the 319:Imperial German Navy 155:810,000 peak in 1944 7113:F-class escort ship 6653:Uniforms and awards 5652:Army Weapons Agency 5446:. bismarck-class.dk 5364:Thomas, Charles S. 5346:Salewski, Michael. 5339:Rössler, Eberhard. 4386:Kleiner Dienstanzug 4306: 4261:Operation Tanne Ost 4240:. In June 1940 the 4156:aerial minesweepers 4127:Trägergruppe II/186 4012:(formerly Baltic), 3689:Minelaying cruiser 3664:Minelaying cruiser 3239:Z11 Bernd von Arnim 3092:, by Junkers Ju 87 2938: 2806:General von Steuben 2122:unnamed sister ship 2030:Danzig-West Prussia 1924:) to attack Arctic 1719:was recommissioned 1309:Operation Catechism 1171:and the subsequent 1012:Oscarsborg Fortress 834:4 aircraft carriers 828:H-class battleships 674:projects, like the 662:was renamed as the 645:, commander of the 504:and the battleship 414:Spanish Republicans 333:(1919–1935) of the 7299:Kaiserliche Marine 7118:Auxiliary cruisers 6034:Predecessor groups 5919:High Command Trial 5867:Kriegsmarine ships 5466:on 6 February 2007 5119:"Trägergruppe 186" 4550:Siegfried Breyer: 4418:(Small party suit) 4369: 4350:Ranks and uniforms 4300: 4290:Personnel strength 4225:Schleswig-Holstein 4123:Trägergruppe I/186 4117:186) operated two 3994:Marineoberkommando 3927: 3692:10 September 1943 3148:17 September 1939 2936: 2881: 2753: 2716: 2712:Z1 Leberecht Maass 2680:(HSK-9, Schiff 28) 2672:(HSK-8, Schiff 41) 2664:(HSK-7, Schiff 45) 2656:(HSK-6, Schiff 23) 2648:(HSK-5, Schiff 33) 2640:(HSK-4, Schiff 10) 2632:(HSK-3, Schiff 21) 2624:(HSK-2, Schiff 16) 2616:(HSK-1, Schiff 36) 2593: 2579:Auxiliary cruisers 2563:Kaiserliche Marine 2481: 2361:and Heavy cruisers 2325:Schleswig-Holstein 2311: 2302:Schleswig-Holstein 2205: 2178:T fighter and the 2071: 1538: 1469:) operated in the 1428:Kleinkampfverbände 1366:Schleswig-Holstein 1342:, light cruisers: 1276: 1142:United States Navy 1099: 1054:Operation Sea Lion 1050:Norwegian Campaign 1048:The losses in the 999:invasion of Norway 952:invasion of Poland 936: 918:Operation Sea Lion 843:15 armored ships ( 718:Francisco Franco's 651: 570:Kaiserliche Marine 490:auxiliary cruisers 7412: 7411: 7172: 7171: 6715:Aircraft carriers 6673: 6672: 6648: 6647: 6322:Sea defense zones 6289:Surface flotillas 6277: 6276: 6249:Aircraft carriers 6054: 6053: 5938: 5937: 5880: 5879: 5751: 5750: 5621:Propaganda Troops 5304:Peifer, Douglas. 5234:Bräckow, Werner. 4661:978-1-55750-045-8 4636:978-0-87021-101-0 4347: 4346: 4299: 3904:Command structure 3896: 3895: 3750:18 February 1944 3642:15 November 1942 3614:Aircraft carrier 3498:21 December 1941 3473:14 December 1941 3432:25 November 1941 3407:24 November 1941 3374:19 November 1941 3344:14 November 1941 3061: 3060: 2776:fast attack craft 2774:The E-boats were 2605:Handelstörkreuzer 2498:protected cruiser 2388:Admiral Graf Spee 2299:(background) and 2112:Aircraft carriers 1738:and 300 vessels. 1671:Post-war division 1651:Heinz-Wilhelm Eck 1643:SS Athenia (1922) 1633:Fritz-Julius Lemp 1608:On 16 July 1941, 1546:Liepāja massacres 1475:Dutch East Indies 1437:midget submarines 1318:(heavy cruisers: 1178:Second Happy Time 1136:During 1941, the 1072:by the Germans). 1020:Battles of Narvik 992:coastal artillery 975:Admiral Graf Spee 942:took part in the 743:Admiral Graf Spee 686:Spanish Civil War 605:pocket battleship 562:aircraft carriers 495:Admiral Graf Spee 419:In January 1939, 402:Spanish Civil War 347:, along with the 271: 270: 181:Spanish Civil War 83:20 September 1945 76:20 September 1945 7485: 7443: 7435: 7434: 7433: 7423: 7218:Brandenburg Navy 7199: 7192: 7185: 7176: 6933:Type 1936A(Mob)/ 6700: 6693: 6686: 6677: 6357:Bismarck sinking 6337: 6259:Commerce raiders 6228:U-boat flotillas 6065: 6031: 6005:Personnel Office 6000:Naval War Office 5965: 5958: 5951: 5942: 5903:Bandenbekämpfung 5760: 5725:Personnel Office 5687:Seekriegsleitung 5681:Personnel Office 5606: 5541: 5533: 5513: 5506: 5499: 5490: 5475: 5473: 5471: 5455: 5453: 5451: 5439: 5437: 5435: 5419: 5417: 5415: 5410:. german-navy.de 5403: 5401: 5399: 5318:Rohwer, Jürgen. 5285:Marine Rundschau 5264:Marine Rundschau 5208: 5195: 5189: 5175: 5169: 5154: 5145: 5144: 5133: 5127: 5126: 5125:. 4 August 2020. 5115: 5109: 5108: 5107:. 4 August 2020. 5097: 5091: 5090: 5088: 5086: 5074: 5068: 5067: 5065: 5063: 5048: 5042: 5041: 5030: 5024: 5023: 5012: 5006: 5005: 5003: 5001: 4987: 4981: 4980: 4963:Ireland, Bernard 4959: 4953: 4952: 4935:Ireland, Bernard 4931: 4925: 4922: 4916: 4913: 4907: 4906: 4895: 4889: 4888: 4881:"Captured Ships" 4877: 4871: 4862: 4856: 4843: 4837: 4836: 4830: 4822: 4816: 4809: 4800: 4797: 4791: 4784: 4778: 4771: 4765: 4751: 4747: 4738: 4732: 4726: 4720: 4714: 4713: 4711: 4709: 4697: 4691: 4690: 4686:978-184832-199-1 4672: 4666: 4665: 4647: 4641: 4640: 4622: 4616: 4615: 4613: 4611: 4601: 4595: 4589: 4583: 4582: 4581:. 4 August 2020. 4571: 4562: 4548: 4542: 4535: 4529: 4523: 4517: 4511: 4505: 4504: 4493: 4487: 4486: 4479: 4412:(Parade uniform) 4307: 4294: 4274:started to form 4227: 4195:also manned the 4134: 4070:naval architects 4063: 3978:, and temporary 3883:15 January 1945 3719:23 October 1943 3667:1 February 1943 3455: 3258:Large destroyer 3173:14 October 1939 3115: 3101: 3001:Herbert Schultze 2939: 2817:Wilhelm Gustloff 2601:commerce raiders 2489:armoured cruiser 2457: 2451: 2445: 2439: 2390: 2384: 2374: 2304: 2298: 2260: 2254: 2238:was sunk in the 2229: 2223: 2199: 2116:Construction of 1764:commanders like 1746: 1696: 1686: 1680: 1611:Fregattenkapitän 1573:Korvettenkapitän 1565:Korvettenkapitän 1391:Wilhelm Gustloff 1353: 1341: 1323: 1283: 1070:First Happy Time 977: 972:and the loss of 914:Merchant raiders 910:Commerce raiding 885:M-class cruisers 783:Operation Ursula 774:off the port of 680:P-class cruisers 676:D-class cruisers 596:Even before the 579: 533:chemical weapons 522: 486:commerce raiders 471: 462: 450: 406:non-intervention 399: 383: 370: 362: 354: 342: 332: 308: 305: 302: 299: 296: 292: 287: 282: 267: 255: 241: 184: 171: 137: 120: 119: 118: 106: 102: 100: 99: 86: 84: 79: 68: 66: 61: 50: 41: 34: 24: 7493: 7492: 7488: 7487: 7486: 7484: 7483: 7482: 7448: 7447: 7446: 7436: 7431: 7429: 7426: 7422:sister projects 7421: 7413: 7408: 7397:Deutsche Marine 7385: 7342: 7323: 7310:Weimar Republic 7304: 7285: 7266: 7241: 7206: 7203: 7173: 7168: 7142: 7128:Marinefährprahm 7086: 7013: 6955: 6896: 6845: 6813: 6796:Pre-dreadnought 6790: 6753: 6709: 6704: 6674: 6669: 6644: 6618: 6557: 6501: 6446: 6437:Sydney-Kormoran 6326: 6303: 6273: 6237: 6206: 6165: 6129: 6100: 6050: 6029: 6015:Type commanders 6010:Fleet commander 5976: 5969: 5939: 5934: 5923: 5876: 5850: 5818: 5786: 5747: 5705: 5693:Fleet commander 5661: 5630: 5597: 5564:Minister of War 5547: 5539: 5531: 5522: 5517: 5469: 5467: 5458: 5449: 5447: 5442: 5433: 5431: 5422: 5413: 5411: 5406: 5397: 5395: 5394:. uboataces.com 5390: 5382: 5357:Tarrant, V. E. 5248:Dülffer, Jost. 5217: 5212: 5211: 5205:Wayback Machine 5196: 5192: 5176: 5172: 5155: 5148: 5135: 5134: 5130: 5117: 5116: 5112: 5099: 5098: 5094: 5084: 5082: 5076: 5075: 5071: 5061: 5059: 5050: 5049: 5045: 5032: 5031: 5027: 5014: 5013: 5009: 4999: 4997: 4989: 4988: 4984: 4977: 4961: 4960: 4956: 4949: 4933: 4932: 4928: 4923: 4919: 4914: 4910: 4897: 4896: 4892: 4879: 4878: 4874: 4863: 4859: 4853:Wayback Machine 4844: 4840: 4828: 4824: 4823: 4819: 4810: 4803: 4798: 4794: 4785: 4781: 4772: 4768: 4763:Wayback Machine 4749: 4748: 4741: 4733: 4729: 4721: 4717: 4707: 4705: 4699: 4698: 4694: 4687: 4674: 4673: 4669: 4662: 4649: 4648: 4644: 4637: 4624: 4623: 4619: 4609: 4607: 4603: 4602: 4598: 4590: 4586: 4573: 4572: 4565: 4549: 4545: 4536: 4532: 4524: 4520: 4512: 4508: 4501:net.lib.byu.edu 4495: 4494: 4490: 4485:. 28 June 2019. 4481: 4480: 4476: 4471: 4463:Wilhelm Canaris 4431: 4358: 4352: 4330:Wehrmachtbeamte 4327: 4292: 4257:Gulf of Finland 4246:Channel Islands 4214: 4208: 4202:on the coasts. 4172: 4149:torpedo bombers 4085: 4061: 3912: 3906: 3901: 3880:Escort carrier 3857:22 August 1944 3854:Escort carrier 3831:Torpedoed by a 3776:Escort carrier 3639:Escort carrier 3617:11 August 1942 3557:and destroyers 3495:Escort carrier 3453: 3079: 3066: 3046: 2951:Otto Kretschmer 2887:was titled the 2875:inspecting the 2865: 2859: 2825: 2792: 2772: 2766: 2740: 2734: 2722: 2703: 2581: 2470: 2412:Rio de la Plata 2397:Schwere Kreuzer 2363: 2352: 2288: 2275:Prince of Wales 2188: 2168:Fieseler Fi 167 2114: 2099: 2060: 2054: 1989:, to intercept 1804: 1792:Deutsche Marine 1770:Otto Kretschmer 1673: 1571:On 5 July 1941 1548: 1530: 1512:U-boats (types 1370:eastern Germany 1274:in Norway, 1944 1268:The battleship 928: 900:Main articles: 898: 807: 801: 766:shelled Almeria 738:Cabo de Oropesa 694: 688: 636: 593:was developed. 546: 541: 335:Weimar Republic 306: 303: 300: 297: 285: 274: 247: 233: 219: 212: 185: 179: 156: 116: 114: 97: 95: 94: 82: 80: 77: 64: 62: 59: 30: 17: 12: 11: 5: 7491: 7489: 7481: 7480: 7475: 7470: 7465: 7460: 7450: 7449: 7445: 7444: 7415: 7410: 7409: 7407: 7406: 7400: 7393: 7391: 7387: 7386: 7384: 7383: 7377: 7374:Seegrenzschutz 7371: 7365: 7359: 7352: 7350: 7344: 7343: 7341: 7340: 7333: 7331: 7325: 7324: 7322: 7321: 7314: 7312: 7306: 7305: 7303: 7302: 7295: 7293: 7287: 7286: 7284: 7283: 7276: 7274: 7268: 7267: 7265: 7264: 7258: 7251: 7249: 7243: 7242: 7240: 7239: 7233: 7227: 7221: 7214: 7212: 7208: 7207: 7204: 7202: 7201: 7194: 7187: 7179: 7170: 7169: 7167: 7166: 7163: 7160: 7157: 7154: 7151: 7147: 7144: 7143: 7141: 7140: 7135: 7130: 7125: 7120: 7115: 7110: 7105: 7100: 7094: 7092: 7088: 7087: 7085: 7084: 7079: 7074: 7069: 7064: 7059: 7054: 7049: 7044: 7039: 7034: 7028: 7026: 7015: 7014: 7012: 7011: 7006: 7001: 6996: 6991: 6986: 6981: 6976: 6971: 6965: 6963: 6957: 6956: 6954: 6953: 6948: 6943: 6938: 6930: 6922: 6917: 6912: 6906: 6904: 6898: 6897: 6895: 6894: 6889: 6884: 6877: 6870: 6863: 6855: 6853: 6851:Light cruisers 6847: 6846: 6844: 6843: 6838: 6835:Admiral Hipper 6831: 6823: 6821: 6819:Heavy cruisers 6815: 6814: 6812: 6811: 6803: 6801: 6792: 6791: 6789: 6788: 6783: 6778: 6771: 6763: 6761: 6755: 6754: 6752: 6751: 6746: 6739: 6732: 6727: 6719: 6717: 6711: 6710: 6705: 6703: 6702: 6695: 6688: 6680: 6671: 6670: 6668: 6667: 6662: 6656: 6654: 6650: 6649: 6646: 6645: 6643: 6642: 6637: 6632: 6626: 6624: 6620: 6619: 6617: 6616: 6611: 6606: 6601: 6596: 6591: 6586: 6581: 6576: 6571: 6565: 6563: 6559: 6558: 6556: 6555: 6550: 6545: 6540: 6535: 6530: 6525: 6520: 6515: 6509: 6507: 6503: 6502: 6500: 6499: 6489: 6484: 6474: 6469: 6454: 6452: 6448: 6447: 6445: 6444: 6439: 6434: 6429: 6424: 6419: 6414: 6409: 6407:Pierres Noires 6404: 6399: 6394: 6389: 6384: 6379: 6377:Horten Harbour 6374: 6372:Denmark Strait 6369: 6364: 6359: 6354: 6349: 6343: 6341: 6334: 6328: 6327: 6325: 6324: 6319: 6313: 6311: 6305: 6304: 6302: 6301: 6296: 6291: 6285: 6283: 6279: 6278: 6275: 6274: 6272: 6271: 6266: 6261: 6256: 6251: 6245: 6243: 6239: 6238: 6236: 6235: 6233:U-boat regions 6230: 6225: 6214: 6212: 6208: 6207: 6205: 6204: 6199: 6194: 6189: 6179: 6173: 6171: 6167: 6166: 6164: 6163: 6155: 6147: 6139: 6137: 6135:Light cruisers 6131: 6130: 6128: 6127: 6123:Admiral Hipper 6119: 6110: 6108: 6106:Heavy cruisers 6102: 6101: 6099: 6098: 6090: 6082: 6073: 6071: 6062: 6056: 6055: 6052: 6051: 6049: 6048: 6043: 6037: 6035: 6028: 6027: 6022: 6017: 6012: 6007: 6002: 5997: 5986: 5984: 5978: 5977: 5970: 5968: 5967: 5960: 5953: 5945: 5936: 5935: 5928: 5925: 5924: 5922: 5921: 5916: 5911: 5906: 5899: 5894: 5888: 5886: 5882: 5881: 5878: 5877: 5875: 5874: 5869: 5864: 5858: 5856: 5852: 5851: 5849: 5848: 5841: 5834: 5826: 5824: 5820: 5819: 5817: 5816: 5808: 5800: 5794: 5792: 5788: 5787: 5785: 5784: 5779: 5774: 5769: 5763: 5757: 5753: 5752: 5749: 5748: 5746: 5745: 5743:Weapons Agency 5737: 5732: 5727: 5719: 5713: 5711: 5707: 5706: 5704: 5703: 5701:Weapons Agency 5695: 5690: 5683: 5675: 5669: 5667: 5663: 5662: 5660: 5659: 5654: 5649: 5644: 5638: 5636: 5632: 5631: 5629: 5628: 5623: 5618: 5612: 5610: 5603: 5599: 5598: 5596: 5595: 5588: 5587: 5586: 5581: 5576: 5566: 5561: 5555: 5553: 5549: 5548: 5527: 5524: 5523: 5518: 5516: 5515: 5508: 5501: 5493: 5487: 5486: 5476: 5456: 5440: 5420: 5404: 5388: 5381: 5380:External links 5378: 5377: 5376: 5369: 5362: 5355: 5344: 5337: 5330: 5323: 5316: 5309: 5302: 5297:Löwke, Udo F. 5295: 5288: 5281: 5274: 5267: 5260: 5253: 5246: 5239: 5232: 5225: 5216: 5213: 5210: 5209: 5190: 5170: 5146: 5128: 5110: 5092: 5069: 5043: 5038:german-navy.de 5025: 5020:german-navy.de 5007: 4982: 4975: 4954: 4947: 4926: 4917: 4908: 4903:german-navy.de 4890: 4872: 4857: 4838: 4817: 4801: 4792: 4779: 4766: 4754:Kurzemes Vārds 4739: 4727: 4715: 4692: 4685: 4667: 4660: 4642: 4635: 4617: 4596: 4584: 4563: 4543: 4537:Thomas, Hugh. 4530: 4518: 4506: 4488: 4473: 4472: 4470: 4467: 4466: 4465: 4460: 4455: 4450: 4445: 4437: 4430: 4427: 4426: 4425: 4419: 4413: 4407: 4401: 4395: 4389: 4383: 4382:(Service suit) 4354:Main article: 4351: 4348: 4345: 4344: 4341: 4337: 4336: 4333: 4323: 4322: 4319: 4315: 4314: 4311: 4298: 4297: 4291: 4288: 4210:Main article: 4207: 4204: 4185:flak-batteries 4171: 4168: 4160:air-sea rescue 4084: 4081: 3992:. There was a 3985:Generaladmiral 3908:Main article: 3905: 3902: 3900: 3897: 3894: 3893: 3884: 3881: 3878: 3868: 3867: 3858: 3855: 3852: 3842: 3841: 3838:manned torpedo 3829: 3826: 3825:Light cruiser 3823: 3809: 3808: 3805: 3802: 3801:Light cruiser 3799: 3789: 3788: 3780: 3777: 3774: 3760: 3759: 3751: 3748: 3747:Light cruiser 3745: 3735: 3734: 3720: 3717: 3716:Light cruiser 3714: 3704: 3703: 3693: 3690: 3687: 3677: 3676: 3668: 3665: 3662: 3652: 3651: 3643: 3640: 3637: 3627: 3626: 3618: 3615: 3612: 3602: 3601: 3593: 3590: 3589:Light cruiser 3587: 3577: 3576: 3549: 3546: 3545:Light cruiser 3543: 3533: 3532: 3524: 3523:11 March 1942 3521: 3520:Light cruiser 3518: 3508: 3507: 3499: 3496: 3493: 3483: 3482: 3474: 3471: 3470:Light cruiser 3468: 3458: 3457: 3433: 3430: 3427: 3417: 3416: 3408: 3405: 3404:Light cruiser 3402: 3392: 3391: 3375: 3372: 3371:Light cruiser 3369: 3355: 3354: 3345: 3342: 3339: 3329: 3328: 3320: 3317: 3316:Battlecruiser 3314: 3304: 3303: 3289: 3286: 3283: 3273: 3272: 3262: 3259: 3256: 3243: 3242: 3234: 3231: 3228: 3214: 3213: 3205: 3202: 3197: 3183: 3182: 3174: 3171: 3168: 3158: 3157: 3149: 3146: 3143: 3129: 3128: 3125: 3122: 3119: 3078: 3075: 3065: 3064:Captured ships 3062: 3059: 3058: 3043: 3037: 3036: 3033: 3031:Heinrich Liebe 3027: 3026: 3023: 3017: 3016: 3013: 3007: 3006: 3003: 2997: 2996: 2993: 2991:Victor Schütze 2987: 2986: 2983: 2977: 2976: 2973: 2967: 2966: 2963: 2957: 2956: 2953: 2947: 2946: 2945:Shipping sunk 2943: 2861:Main article: 2858: 2855: 2850:Vorpostenboote 2824: 2821: 2791: 2788: 2768:Main article: 2765: 2758: 2736:Main article: 2733: 2730: 2718:Main article: 2702: 2699: 2698: 2697: 2689: 2681: 2673: 2665: 2657: 2649: 2641: 2633: 2625: 2617: 2597:merchant ships 2580: 2577: 2565:light cruiser 2545: 2544: 2537: 2530: 2523: 2516: 2509: 2469: 2468:Light cruisers 2466: 2437:Admiral Hipper 2416:Admiral Scheer 2382:Admiral Scheer 2362: 2356: 2351: 2350:Battlecruisers 2348: 2287: 2284: 2187: 2184: 2174:aircraft: the 2113: 2110: 2098: 2095: 2053: 2050: 2049: 2048: 2036: 2017: 2009: 2008:and destroyers 1993: 1978: 1970: 1964:Admiral Hipper 1955: 1947: 1939: 1937:Admiral Scheer 1928: 1909: 1897: 1895:Admiral Hipper 1891:Admiral Scheer 1878: 1859: 1844: 1842:Admiral Hipper 1833: 1825: 1813: 1803: 1800: 1672: 1669: 1665:SS Anglo Saxon 1606: 1605: 1602: 1599: 1596: 1593: 1590: 1578:Kurzemes Vārds 1529: 1526: 1333:Admiral Hipper 1321:Admiral Scheer 1298:fleet in being 1235:Arctic convoys 1224:Spanish Armada 1058:Fall of France 897: 894: 878: 877: 874: 873:249 submarines 871: 868: 866:light cruisers 862: 860:heavy cruisers 856: 854:battlecruisers 850: 841: 835: 803:Main article: 800: 797: 763:Admiral Scheer 736:(Almeria) and 707:Admiral Scheer 687: 684: 635: 632: 566:naval aviation 545: 542: 540: 537: 535:and scuttled. 512:convoy escorts 501:Admiral Scheer 430:by 1944. When 272: 269: 268: 261: 257: 256: 249: 243: 242: 235: 229: 228: 224: 223: 214: 208: 207: 202: 196: 195: 191: 190: 177: 173: 172: 163: 159: 158: 153: 149: 148: 143: 139: 138: 129: 125: 124: 112: 108: 107: 92: 88: 87: 74: 70: 69: 56: 52: 51: 43: 42: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7490: 7479: 7476: 7474: 7471: 7469: 7466: 7464: 7461: 7459: 7456: 7455: 7453: 7441: 7440: 7428: 7424: 7418: 7404: 7401: 7398: 7395: 7394: 7392: 7388: 7381: 7378: 7375: 7372: 7369: 7366: 7363: 7360: 7357: 7354: 7353: 7351: 7349: 7345: 7338: 7335: 7334: 7332: 7330: 7326: 7319: 7316: 7315: 7313: 7311: 7307: 7300: 7297: 7296: 7294: 7292: 7291:German Empire 7288: 7281: 7278: 7277: 7275: 7273: 7269: 7262: 7259: 7256: 7253: 7252: 7250: 7248: 7244: 7237: 7234: 7231: 7228: 7225: 7224:Prussian Navy 7222: 7219: 7216: 7215: 7213: 7209: 7205:German Navies 7200: 7195: 7193: 7188: 7186: 7181: 7180: 7177: 7164: 7161: 7158: 7155: 7152: 7149: 7148: 7145: 7139: 7136: 7134: 7131: 7129: 7126: 7124: 7123:Vorpostenboot 7121: 7119: 7116: 7114: 7111: 7109: 7106: 7104: 7101: 7099: 7096: 7095: 7093: 7089: 7083: 7080: 7078: 7075: 7073: 7070: 7068: 7065: 7063: 7060: 7058: 7055: 7053: 7050: 7048: 7045: 7043: 7040: 7038: 7035: 7033: 7030: 7029: 7027: 7024: 7020: 7016: 7010: 7007: 7005: 7002: 7000: 6997: 6995: 6992: 6990: 6987: 6985: 6982: 6980: 6977: 6975: 6972: 6970: 6967: 6966: 6964: 6962: 6961:Torpedo boats 6958: 6952: 6949: 6947: 6944: 6942: 6939: 6937: 6936: 6931: 6929: 6928: 6923: 6921: 6918: 6916: 6913: 6911: 6908: 6907: 6905: 6903: 6899: 6893: 6890: 6888: 6885: 6883: 6882: 6878: 6876: 6875: 6871: 6869: 6868: 6864: 6862: 6861: 6857: 6856: 6854: 6852: 6848: 6842: 6839: 6837: 6836: 6832: 6830: 6829: 6825: 6824: 6822: 6820: 6816: 6810: 6809: 6805: 6804: 6802: 6800: 6797: 6793: 6787: 6784: 6782: 6779: 6777: 6776: 6772: 6770: 6769: 6765: 6764: 6762: 6760: 6759:Capital ships 6756: 6750: 6747: 6745: 6744: 6740: 6738: 6737: 6733: 6731: 6728: 6726: 6725: 6724:Graf Zeppelin 6721: 6720: 6718: 6716: 6712: 6708: 6701: 6696: 6694: 6689: 6687: 6682: 6681: 6678: 6666: 6663: 6661: 6658: 6657: 6655: 6651: 6641: 6638: 6636: 6633: 6631: 6628: 6627: 6625: 6621: 6615: 6612: 6610: 6607: 6605: 6602: 6600: 6597: 6595: 6592: 6590: 6587: 6585: 6582: 6580: 6577: 6575: 6572: 6570: 6567: 6566: 6564: 6560: 6554: 6551: 6549: 6546: 6544: 6541: 6539: 6536: 6534: 6531: 6529: 6526: 6524: 6521: 6519: 6516: 6514: 6511: 6510: 6508: 6504: 6497: 6493: 6490: 6488: 6487:Mediterranean 6485: 6482: 6478: 6475: 6473: 6470: 6467: 6463: 6459: 6456: 6455: 6453: 6449: 6443: 6440: 6438: 6435: 6433: 6430: 6428: 6425: 6423: 6420: 6418: 6415: 6413: 6410: 6408: 6405: 6403: 6400: 6398: 6395: 6393: 6390: 6388: 6385: 6383: 6380: 6378: 6375: 6373: 6370: 6368: 6365: 6363: 6360: 6358: 6355: 6353: 6352:Bay of Biscay 6350: 6348: 6345: 6344: 6342: 6338: 6335: 6333: 6329: 6323: 6320: 6318: 6315: 6314: 6312: 6310: 6306: 6300: 6297: 6295: 6292: 6290: 6287: 6286: 6284: 6280: 6270: 6267: 6265: 6264:Landing craft 6262: 6260: 6257: 6255: 6252: 6250: 6247: 6246: 6244: 6240: 6234: 6231: 6229: 6226: 6223: 6219: 6216: 6215: 6213: 6209: 6203: 6200: 6198: 6195: 6193: 6192:Torpedo boats 6190: 6187: 6183: 6180: 6178: 6175: 6174: 6172: 6170:Smaller craft 6168: 6162: 6160: 6156: 6154: 6152: 6148: 6146: 6145: 6141: 6140: 6138: 6136: 6132: 6126: 6124: 6120: 6118: 6116: 6112: 6111: 6109: 6107: 6103: 6097: 6095: 6091: 6089: 6087: 6083: 6081: 6079: 6075: 6074: 6072: 6070: 6069:Capital ships 6066: 6063: 6061: 6057: 6047: 6044: 6042: 6039: 6038: 6036: 6032: 6026: 6023: 6021: 6020:Flag officers 6018: 6016: 6013: 6011: 6008: 6006: 6003: 6001: 5998: 5995: 5991: 5988: 5987: 5985: 5983: 5979: 5975: 5974: 5966: 5961: 5959: 5954: 5952: 5947: 5946: 5943: 5933: 5932: 5926: 5920: 5917: 5915: 5912: 5910: 5907: 5905: 5904: 5900: 5898: 5895: 5893: 5890: 5889: 5887: 5883: 5873: 5870: 5868: 5865: 5863: 5860: 5859: 5857: 5853: 5847: 5846: 5842: 5840: 5839: 5835: 5833: 5832: 5828: 5827: 5825: 5821: 5815: 5813: 5809: 5807: 5805: 5801: 5799: 5796: 5795: 5793: 5789: 5783: 5780: 5778: 5775: 5773: 5770: 5768: 5765: 5764: 5761: 5758: 5754: 5744: 5742: 5738: 5736: 5733: 5731: 5728: 5726: 5724: 5720: 5718: 5715: 5714: 5712: 5708: 5702: 5700: 5696: 5694: 5691: 5689: 5688: 5684: 5682: 5680: 5676: 5674: 5671: 5670: 5668: 5664: 5658: 5655: 5653: 5650: 5648: 5645: 5643: 5640: 5639: 5637: 5633: 5627: 5624: 5622: 5619: 5617: 5614: 5613: 5611: 5607: 5604: 5600: 5594: 5593: 5589: 5585: 5582: 5580: 5577: 5575: 5572: 5571: 5570: 5567: 5565: 5562: 5560: 5557: 5556: 5554: 5550: 5546: 5545: 5538: 5537: 5530: 5525: 5521: 5514: 5509: 5507: 5502: 5500: 5495: 5494: 5491: 5484: 5480: 5477: 5465: 5461: 5457: 5445: 5441: 5430: 5426: 5421: 5409: 5405: 5393: 5389: 5387: 5384: 5383: 5379: 5374: 5370: 5367: 5363: 5360: 5356: 5353: 5349: 5345: 5342: 5338: 5335: 5331: 5328: 5324: 5321: 5317: 5314: 5310: 5307: 5303: 5300: 5296: 5293: 5289: 5286: 5282: 5279: 5275: 5272: 5268: 5265: 5261: 5258: 5254: 5251: 5247: 5244: 5240: 5237: 5233: 5230: 5227:Bird, Keith. 5226: 5223: 5220:Bird, Keith. 5219: 5218: 5214: 5206: 5202: 5199: 5194: 5191: 5188: 5184: 5180: 5174: 5171: 5167: 5166:3-87943-880-3 5163: 5159: 5153: 5151: 5147: 5142: 5138: 5132: 5129: 5124: 5120: 5114: 5111: 5106: 5102: 5096: 5093: 5080: 5073: 5070: 5058: 5054: 5047: 5044: 5039: 5035: 5029: 5026: 5021: 5017: 5011: 5008: 4996: 4992: 4986: 4983: 4978: 4976:1-84415-001-1 4972: 4968: 4964: 4958: 4955: 4950: 4948:1-84415-001-1 4944: 4940: 4936: 4930: 4927: 4921: 4918: 4912: 4909: 4904: 4900: 4894: 4891: 4886: 4882: 4876: 4873: 4869: 4868: 4861: 4858: 4854: 4850: 4847: 4842: 4839: 4834: 4827: 4821: 4818: 4814: 4808: 4806: 4802: 4796: 4793: 4789: 4783: 4780: 4777:, at page 209 4776: 4770: 4767: 4764: 4760: 4757: 4755: 4746: 4744: 4740: 4736: 4731: 4728: 4724: 4719: 4716: 4703: 4696: 4693: 4688: 4682: 4678: 4671: 4668: 4663: 4657: 4653: 4646: 4643: 4638: 4632: 4628: 4621: 4618: 4606: 4600: 4597: 4593: 4588: 4585: 4580: 4576: 4570: 4568: 4564: 4561: 4560:3-7909-0535-6 4557: 4553: 4547: 4544: 4540: 4534: 4531: 4527: 4522: 4519: 4515: 4510: 4507: 4502: 4498: 4492: 4489: 4484: 4478: 4475: 4468: 4464: 4461: 4459: 4456: 4454: 4451: 4449: 4446: 4444: 4443: 4438: 4436: 4433: 4432: 4428: 4423: 4420: 4417: 4414: 4411: 4410:Große Uniform 4408: 4405: 4402: 4399: 4396: 4393: 4390: 4387: 4384: 4381: 4378: 4377: 4376: 4374: 4366: 4362: 4357: 4349: 4342: 4339: 4338: 4334: 4331: 4325: 4324: 4320: 4317: 4316: 4308: 4304: 4296: 4295: 4289: 4287: 4285: 4281: 4277: 4273: 4269: 4264: 4262: 4258: 4254: 4249: 4247: 4243: 4239: 4235: 4231: 4226: 4221: 4220: 4213: 4205: 4203: 4201: 4199: 4194: 4190: 4186: 4182: 4181:Atlantic Wall 4177: 4169: 4167: 4165: 4161: 4157: 4155: 4150: 4146: 4142: 4138: 4133: 4132:Graf Zeppelin 4128: 4124: 4120: 4116: 4113:(Carrier Air 4112: 4108: 4107: 4102: 4098: 4094: 4090: 4082: 4080: 4078: 4073: 4071: 4067: 4060: 4055: 4053: 4049: 4044: 4042: 4041: 4036: 4031: 4029: 4028: 4023: 4019: 4015: 4011: 4007: 4003: 3999: 3995: 3991: 3987: 3986: 3981: 3977: 3972: 3970: 3966: 3962: 3958: 3954: 3950: 3946: 3942: 3938: 3937: 3932: 3924: 3921:meeting with 3920: 3916: 3911: 3903: 3898: 3891: 3890: 3886:Torpedoed by 3885: 3882: 3879: 3877:(Royal Navy) 3876: 3875: 3870: 3869: 3865: 3864: 3860:Torpedoed by 3859: 3856: 3853: 3851:(Royal Navy) 3850: 3849: 3844: 3843: 3839: 3836: 3835: 3830: 3827: 3824: 3821: 3817: 3816: 3811: 3810: 3806: 3804:23 June 1944 3803: 3800: 3798:(Royal Navy) 3797: 3796: 3791: 3790: 3787: 3786: 3781: 3778: 3775: 3772: 3768: 3767: 3762: 3761: 3758: 3757: 3752: 3749: 3746: 3744:(Royal Navy) 3743: 3742: 3737: 3736: 3733: 3732: 3727: 3726: 3721: 3718: 3715: 3713:(Royal Navy) 3712: 3711: 3706: 3705: 3702: 3698: 3694: 3691: 3688: 3686:(Royal Navy) 3685: 3684: 3679: 3678: 3675: 3674: 3670:Torpedoed by 3669: 3666: 3663: 3661:(Royal Navy) 3660: 3659: 3654: 3653: 3650: 3649: 3644: 3641: 3638: 3636:(Royal Navy) 3635: 3634: 3629: 3628: 3625: 3624: 3619: 3616: 3613: 3611:(Royal Navy) 3610: 3609: 3604: 3603: 3600: 3599: 3594: 3592:16 June 1942 3591: 3588: 3586:(Royal Navy) 3585: 3584: 3579: 3578: 3574: 3573: 3568: 3567: 3562: 3561: 3556: 3555: 3551:Torpedoed by 3550: 3547: 3544: 3542:(Royal Navy) 3541: 3540: 3535: 3534: 3531: 3530: 3525: 3522: 3519: 3517:(Royal Navy) 3516: 3515: 3510: 3509: 3506: 3505: 3500: 3497: 3494: 3492:(Royal Navy) 3491: 3490: 3485: 3484: 3481: 3480: 3475: 3472: 3469: 3467:(Royal Navy) 3466: 3465: 3460: 3459: 3452: 3448: 3444: 3440: 3439: 3434: 3431: 3428: 3426:(Royal Navy) 3425: 3424: 3419: 3418: 3415: 3414: 3409: 3406: 3403: 3401:(Royal Navy) 3400: 3399: 3394: 3393: 3389: 3387: 3382: 3381: 3376: 3373: 3370: 3367: 3363: 3362: 3357: 3356: 3352: 3351: 3346: 3343: 3340: 3338:(Royal Navy) 3337: 3336: 3331: 3330: 3327: 3326: 3321: 3318: 3315: 3313:(Royal Navy) 3312: 3311: 3306: 3305: 3302: 3301: 3296: 3295: 3290: 3287: 3284: 3282:(Royal Navy) 3281: 3280: 3275: 3274: 3271: 3267: 3263: 3260: 3257: 3254: 3250: 3249: 3245: 3244: 3241: 3240: 3235: 3233:9 April 1940 3232: 3229: 3226: 3222: 3221: 3216: 3215: 3212: 3211: 3206: 3204:9 April 1940 3203: 3201: 3198: 3195: 3191: 3190: 3185: 3184: 3181: 3180: 3175: 3172: 3169: 3167:(Royal Navy) 3166: 3165: 3160: 3159: 3156: 3155: 3150: 3147: 3144: 3141: 3137: 3136: 3131: 3130: 3126: 3123: 3120: 3117: 3116: 3113: 3111: 3107: 3106: 3100: 3099:Graf Zeppelin 3095: 3091: 3087: 3086: 3076: 3074: 3072: 3063: 3057: 3053: 3052: 3044: 3042: 3041:Günther Prien 3039: 3038: 3034: 3032: 3029: 3028: 3024: 3022: 3019: 3018: 3014: 3012: 3009: 3008: 3004: 3002: 2999: 2998: 2994: 2992: 2989: 2988: 2984: 2982: 2979: 2978: 2974: 2972: 2969: 2968: 2964: 2962: 2961:Wolfgang Lüth 2959: 2958: 2954: 2952: 2949: 2948: 2944: 2941: 2940: 2934: 2930: 2928: 2924: 2919: 2918:" (Milkcow). 2917: 2913: 2909: 2905: 2901: 2897: 2892: 2890: 2886: 2878: 2874: 2869: 2864: 2856: 2854: 2852: 2851: 2846: 2842: 2838: 2834: 2830: 2823:Miscellaneous 2822: 2820: 2818: 2814: 2813: 2808: 2807: 2802: 2798: 2797: 2789: 2787: 2785: 2781: 2780:torpedo tubes 2777: 2771: 2763: 2759: 2757: 2750: 2749: 2744: 2739: 2732:Torpedo boats 2731: 2729: 2727: 2721: 2714: 2713: 2707: 2700: 2695: 2694: 2690: 2687: 2686: 2682: 2679: 2678: 2674: 2671: 2670: 2666: 2663: 2662: 2658: 2655: 2654: 2650: 2647: 2646: 2642: 2639: 2638: 2634: 2631: 2630: 2626: 2623: 2622: 2618: 2615: 2614: 2610: 2609: 2608: 2606: 2602: 2598: 2590: 2585: 2578: 2576: 2574: 2570: 2569: 2564: 2559: 2557: 2553: 2548: 2543: 2542: 2538: 2536: 2535: 2531: 2529: 2528: 2524: 2522: 2521: 2517: 2515: 2514: 2510: 2508: 2507: 2503: 2502: 2501: 2499: 2494: 2490: 2486: 2485:light cruiser 2478: 2474: 2467: 2465: 2463: 2462: 2456: 2450: 2444: 2438: 2433: 2428: 2426: 2422: 2417: 2413: 2409: 2404: 2402: 2401:Panzerschiffe 2398: 2394: 2389: 2383: 2378: 2373: 2368: 2360: 2359:Panzerschiffe 2357: 2355: 2349: 2347: 2345: 2344: 2339: 2338: 2333: 2332: 2327: 2326: 2321: 2320: 2316: 2308: 2303: 2297: 2292: 2285: 2283: 2280: 2276: 2272: 2268: 2264: 2259: 2253: 2248: 2246: 2241: 2237: 2233: 2228: 2222: 2217: 2215: 2210: 2203: 2198: 2192: 2185: 2183: 2181: 2180:Junkers Ju 87 2177: 2173: 2169: 2165: 2164: 2157: 2155: 2151: 2150: 2145: 2144: 2139: 2138: 2134: 2129: 2128: 2123: 2119: 2118:Graf Zeppelin 2111: 2109: 2107: 2106: 2097:Surface ships 2096: 2094: 2091: 2089: 2085: 2081: 2076: 2068: 2064: 2059: 2051: 2046: 2042: 2041: 2037: 2035: 2031: 2027: 2023: 2022: 2018: 2015: 2014: 2010: 2007: 2003: 1999: 1998: 1994: 1992: 1991:convoy JW 55B 1988: 1984: 1983: 1979: 1976: 1975: 1971: 1969: 1965: 1961: 1960: 1956: 1953: 1952: 1948: 1945: 1944: 1940: 1938: 1934: 1933: 1929: 1927: 1923: 1919: 1915: 1914: 1910: 1907: 1903: 1902: 1898: 1896: 1892: 1888: 1887:Novaya Zemlya 1884: 1883: 1879: 1877: 1873: 1869: 1865: 1864: 1860: 1858: 1854: 1850: 1849: 1845: 1843: 1839: 1838: 1834: 1831: 1830: 1826: 1823: 1819: 1818: 1814: 1811: 1810: 1806: 1805: 1801: 1799: 1797: 1793: 1789: 1785: 1784: 1779: 1775: 1771: 1767: 1763: 1759: 1755: 1751: 1745: 1739: 1737: 1733: 1729: 1725: 1724: 1718: 1714: 1710: 1709: 1708:Graf Zeppelin 1704: 1700: 1695: 1690: 1685: 1679: 1670: 1668: 1666: 1662: 1658: 1657: 1652: 1647: 1644: 1640: 1639: 1634: 1629: 1627: 1626: 1625:Schutzpolizei 1621: 1617: 1613: 1612: 1603: 1600: 1597: 1594: 1591: 1588: 1584: 1583: 1582: 1580: 1579: 1574: 1569: 1567: 1566: 1561: 1557: 1553: 1547: 1543: 1534: 1527: 1525: 1523: 1519: 1515: 1511: 1510: 1505: 1504: 1499: 1495: 1491: 1486: 1484: 1480: 1476: 1472: 1468: 1467:Monsun Gruppe 1464: 1462: 1456: 1454: 1450: 1449: 1444: 1443: 1438: 1434: 1430: 1429: 1424: 1419: 1417: 1413: 1409: 1405: 1404: 1399: 1398: 1393: 1392: 1387: 1383: 1379: 1375: 1371: 1367: 1363: 1359: 1358: 1352: 1347: 1346: 1340: 1335: 1334: 1329: 1328: 1322: 1317: 1312: 1310: 1306: 1305: 1300: 1299: 1294: 1293: 1287: 1282: 1273: 1272: 1266: 1262: 1259: 1254: 1252: 1248: 1244: 1240: 1236: 1231: 1229: 1225: 1221: 1217: 1216: 1211: 1210: 1205: 1204: 1199: 1195: 1190: 1188: 1184: 1179: 1174: 1170: 1167:The Japanese 1165: 1163: 1159: 1158: 1152: 1149: 1148: 1143: 1139: 1134: 1132: 1131: 1126: 1125: 1119: 1117: 1113: 1112: 1106: 1105: 1095: 1091: 1089: 1085: 1081: 1077: 1073: 1071: 1067: 1063: 1059: 1055: 1051: 1046: 1044: 1043: 1037: 1033: 1032: 1027: 1026: 1021: 1017: 1013: 1009: 1008: 1004: 1003:heavy cruiser 1000: 995: 993: 989: 985: 981: 976: 971: 970: 964: 963: 957: 953: 949: 945: 941: 932: 927: 923: 919: 915: 911: 907: 903: 895: 893: 890: 886: 881: 875: 872: 869: 867: 863: 861: 857: 855: 851: 848: 847: 846:Panzerschiffe 842: 840: 836: 833: 832: 831: 829: 825: 820: 816: 812: 806: 798: 796: 794: 790: 789: 784: 779: 777: 773: 772: 767: 764: 760: 756: 752: 750: 745: 744: 739: 735: 731: 727: 723: 719: 715: 714: 709: 708: 703: 699: 693: 685: 683: 681: 677: 671: 669: 665: 661: 656: 648: 644: 640: 633: 631: 629: 625: 621: 620: 616: 612: 611: 606: 601: 599: 594: 592: 588: 587: 581: 578: 577: 571: 567: 563: 559: 558:torpedo boats 555: 551: 543: 538: 536: 534: 530: 526: 525:Allied powers 521: 515: 513: 509: 508: 503: 502: 497: 496: 491: 487: 483: 479: 475: 470: 464: 461: 460: 454: 449: 443: 441: 438:) instead of 437: 433: 429: 426: 422: 417: 415: 411: 407: 403: 398: 393: 391: 387: 382: 377: 372: 369: 368: 361: 360: 353: 352: 346: 341: 336: 331: 330: 324: 323:German Empire 320: 316: 312: 291: 283: 281: 273:Military unit 266: 262: 258: 254: 250: 244: 240: 236: 230: 225: 222: 218: 215: 209: 206: 203: 201: 197: 192: 188: 182: 178: 174: 170: 169: 164: 160: 154: 150: 147: 144: 140: 136: 135: 130: 126: 123: 113: 109: 105: 93: 89: 75: 71: 57: 53: 49: 44: 40: 35: 32: 28: 23: 7458:Kriegsmarine 7442:from Commons 7437: 7417:Kriegsmarine 7416: 7399:(1956–today) 7337:Kriegsmarine 7336: 7329:Nazi Germany 7318:Reichsmarine 7261:Bundesflotte 7255:Reichsflotte 7138:Sperrbrecher 7133:Siebel ferry 6934: 6926: 6880: 6873: 6866: 6859: 6834: 6827: 6807: 6774: 6767: 6742: 6735: 6723: 6543:Rösselsprung 6432:St. Lawrence 6412:Point Judith 6397:Nerva Island 6392:Ligurian Sea 6309:Shore Forces 6269:Sail barques 6254:Escort ships 6202:Patrol boats 6197:Attack boats 6182:Minesweepers 6158: 6150: 6143: 6122: 6114: 6093: 6085: 6077: 6046:Reichsmarine 5990:High Command 5982:Organization 5973:Kriegsmarine 5972: 5971: 5929: 5901: 5844: 5838:Kriegsmarine 5837: 5830: 5811: 5804:Kriegsmarine 5803: 5740: 5722: 5717:Organization 5699:Kriegsmarine 5698: 5685: 5679:Kriegsmarine 5678: 5673:Organization 5666:Kriegsmarine 5602:Organization 5590: 5559:Adolf Hitler 5542: 5540: 5536:Kriegsmarine 5535: 5534: 5532: 5483:Kriegsmarine 5482: 5468:. Retrieved 5464:the original 5448:. Retrieved 5432:. Retrieved 5428: 5412:. Retrieved 5396:. Retrieved 5372: 5365: 5358: 5351: 5347: 5340: 5333: 5326: 5319: 5312: 5305: 5298: 5291: 5284: 5277: 5270: 5263: 5256: 5249: 5242: 5235: 5228: 5221: 5215:Bibliography 5193: 5178: 5173: 5157: 5140: 5131: 5122: 5113: 5104: 5095: 5083:. Retrieved 5072: 5060:. Retrieved 5057:Feldgrau.com 5056: 5046: 5037: 5028: 5019: 5010: 4998:. Retrieved 4994: 4985: 4966: 4957: 4938: 4929: 4920: 4911: 4902: 4893: 4884: 4875: 4866: 4860: 4841: 4832: 4820: 4812: 4795: 4787: 4786:Ezergailis, 4782: 4774: 4773:Ezergailis, 4769: 4753: 4750:(in Latvian) 4730: 4718: 4706:. Retrieved 4695: 4676: 4670: 4651: 4645: 4626: 4620: 4608:. Retrieved 4599: 4587: 4578: 4551: 4546: 4538: 4533: 4521: 4509: 4500: 4491: 4477: 4442:Kriegsmarine 4441: 4421: 4415: 4409: 4403: 4400:(Sportswear) 4397: 4391: 4385: 4379: 4373:Kriegsmarine 4372: 4370: 4365:Kriegsmarine 4364: 4329: 4303:Kriegsmarine 4302: 4284:Kriegsmarine 4283: 4272:Kriegsmarine 4271: 4265: 4250: 4241: 4233: 4217: 4215: 4212:Seebataillon 4197: 4193:Kriegsmarine 4192: 4189:Kriegsmarine 4188: 4176:Kriegsmarine 4175: 4173: 4164:Kriegsmarine 4163: 4153: 4140: 4137:Kriegsmarine 4136: 4126: 4122: 4118: 4110: 4104: 4101:Arado Ar 196 4097:Kriegsmarine 4096: 4088: 4086: 4074: 4065: 4059:Kriegsmarine 4058: 4056: 4051: 4047: 4045: 4038: 4035:Flag Officer 4032: 4025: 4022:Kriegsmarine 4021: 4017: 4013: 4009: 4005: 4001: 3997: 3993: 3983: 3973: 3957:Reichsmarine 3956: 3953:Erich Raeder 3948: 3944: 3940: 3934: 3931:Kriegsmarine 3930: 3928: 3923:Adolf Hitler 3899:Organisation 3888: 3873: 3862: 3847: 3832: 3828:7 July 1944 3814: 3794: 3784: 3779:29 May 1944 3766:Block Island 3765: 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734:Cabo de Gata 730:Kriegsmarine 729: 721: 712: 706: 701: 698:Kriegsmarine 697: 695: 672: 664:Kriegsmarine 663: 660:Reichsmarine 659: 652: 647:Kriegsmarine 646: 643:Erich Raeder 634:Nazi control 623: 618: 609: 602: 595: 584: 582: 576:Reichsmarine 569: 547: 529:minesweeping 520:Kriegsmarine 516: 505: 499: 493: 469:Kriegsmarine 465: 453:Adolf Hitler 448:Kriegsmarine 444: 432:World War II 418: 412:against the 410:Nationalists 397:Kriegsmarine 394: 381:Kriegsmarine 373: 340:Kriegsmarine 329:Reichsmarine 315:Nazi Germany 280:Kriegsmarine 277: 275: 217:Erich Raeder 204: 187:World War II 162:Part of 122:Adolf Hitler 39:Kriegsmarine 31: 7403:Volksmarine 7370:(1951–1957) 7364:(1948–1951) 7358:(1945–1947) 7320:(1919–1935) 7301:(1871–1918) 7282:(1867–1871) 7257:(1848–1852) 7238:(1786–1918) 7232:(1848–1851) 7226:(1701–1867) 7165:Conversions 6925:Type 1936A/ 6892:Spähkreuzer 6828:Deutschland 6808:Deutschland 6799:battleships 6768:Scharnhorst 6640:La Rochelle 6553:Zitronnella 6417:River Plate 6347:Barents Sea 6317:Naval bases 6242:Other craft 6186:Auxiliaries 6115:Deutschland 6094:Deutschland 6078:Scharnhorst 5207:2012-09-27. 5177:Jörg Benz: 5085:23 December 4708:23 December 4552:Der Z-PLAN. 4392:Ausgehanzug 4380:Dienstanzug 4052:Flottenchef 4048:Flottenchef 3961:Karl Dönitz 3919:Karl Dönitz 3820:Polish Navy 3548:2 May 1942 3429:Battleship 3300:Scharnhorst 3253:French Navy 3218:HNoMS 3187:HNoMS 3170:Battleship 3090:Polish Navy 2923:Elektroboot 2889:U-bootwaffe 2873:Karl Dönitz 2790:Troop ships 2452:. Cruisers 2449:Prinz Eugen 2425:Deutschland 2372:Deutschland 2236:Scharnhorst 2221:Scharnhorst 2214:Scharnhorst 2186:Battleships 2088:Scharnhorst 2002:Scharnhorst 1987:Scharnhorst 1901:Sportpalast 1876:Prinz Eugen 1853:Scharnhorst 1837:Nordseetour 1796:German Navy 1783:Volksmarine 1694:Prinz Eugen 1678:Prinz Eugen 1587:yellow star 1509:Elektroboot 1362:Mecklenburg 1339:Prinz Eugen 1281:Scharnhorst 1215:Prinz Eugen 1203:Scharnhorst 950:during the 839:battleships 749:Deutschland 722:Deutschland 702:Deutschland 624:Deutschland 610:Deutschland 591:G7e torpedo 488:(including 248:(1938–1945) 234:(1935–1938) 221:Karl Dönitz 189:(1939–1945) 183:(1936–1939) 176:Engagements 65:21 May 1935 58:21 May 1935 7452:Categories 7072:Type XXIII 7023:submarines 6946:Type 1936C 6941:Type 1936B 6915:Type 1934A 6902:Destroyers 6874:Königsberg 6548:Wunderland 6506:Operations 6472:Baltic Sea 6402:North Cape 6367:Casablanca 6211:Submarines 6177:Destroyers 6151:Königsberg 5798:Army ranks 5642:Army units 5552:Leadership 5470:20 January 5450:20 January 5434:20 January 5414:20 January 5398:20 January 5352:1942-1945. 5187:3880427992 4458:Rolf Carls 4398:Sportanzug 4200:sea radars 4079:encoding. 4010:Ost/Ostsee 3359:HMAS 3140:Royal Navy 3135:Courageous 3056:Scapa Flow 2971:Erich Topp 2927:Zulu class 2857:Submarines 2833:minelayers 2812:Monte Rosa 2796:Cap Arcona 2709:Destroyer 2701:Destroyers 2513:Königsberg 2483:The term " 2477:Königsberg 2200:after the 2163:Travemünde 2056:See also: 2013:Zitronella 1959:Regenbogen 1932:Wunderland 1863:Rheinübung 1817:Weserübung 1766:Erich Topp 1622:and fifty 1540:See also: 1528:War crimes 1503:Schnorchel 1403:Cap Arcona 1162:Lend-Lease 1025:Königsberg 962:Courageous 815:Baltic Sea 690:See also: 649:until 1943 554:destroyers 466:Among the 428:Royal Navy 390:submarines 309:) was the 246:War ensign 232:War ensign 213:commanders 194:Commanders 111:Allegiance 7478:Wehrmacht 7339:(1935–45) 7263:(Planned) 7159:Cancelled 7077:Type XXVI 7062:Type XVII 6951:Type 1942 6920:Type 1936 6910:Type 1934 6630:Cherbourg 6609:28 Jan 44 6604:26 Apr 44 6594:14 Feb 44 6584:13 May 42 6579:27 Mar 42 6481:Constanța 6477:Black Sea 6451:Campaigns 6422:Sept-Îles 6387:La Ciotat 6362:Caribbean 6282:Flotillas 5855:Equipment 5845:Luftwaffe 5812:Luftwaffe 5756:Personnel 5741:Luftwaffe 5723:Luftwaffe 5710:Luftwaffe 5544:Luftwaffe 5520:Wehrmacht 5062:31 August 4995:uboat.net 4826:"Liepāja" 4723:Uboat.net 4592:Uboat.net 4326:Officials 4313:Strength 4310:Category 4280:divisions 4276:regiments 4266:With the 4253:Suursaari 4154:Minensuch 4095:with the 4089:Luftwaffe 4083:Air units 4066:Marineamt 3872:HMS 3846:HMS 3813:ORP 3793:HMS 3764:USS 3739:HMS 3710:Charybdis 3708:HMS 3681:HMS 3656:HMS 3631:HMS 3606:HMS 3581:HMS 3539:Edinburgh 3537:HMS 3512:HMS 3487:HMS 3462:HMS 3449:admitted 3447:Admiralty 3421:HMS 3396:HMS 3335:Ark Royal 3333:HMS 3308:HMS 3294:Gneisenau 3277:HMS 3164:Royal Oak 3162:HMS 3133:HMS 3105:Luftwaffe 3088:, of the 3083:ORP 3051:Royal Oak 3049:HMS 2760:E-boats ( 2726:Zerstörer 2520:Karlsruhe 2408:Graf Spee 2375:(renamed 2369:were the 2331:Zähringen 2319:Schlesien 2296:Schlesien 2232:Gneisenau 2227:Gneisenau 2172:Luftwaffe 2143:De Grasse 2137:Gneisenau 2101:The main 2040:Deadlight 1857:Gneisenau 1494:Black May 1439:like the 1412:Pomerania 1290:HMS 1209:Gneisenau 1187:Black Sea 1155:USS 1109:HMS 1084:Gibraltar 1040:HMS 1031:Karlsruhe 1016:Oslofjord 969:Royal Oak 967:HMS 960:HMS 556:, twelve 552:, twelve 474:Wolfpacks 367:Wehrmacht 363:, of the 359:Luftwaffe 260:Land flag 168:Wehrmacht 134:Wehrmacht 73:Disbanded 7067:Type XXI 7057:Type XIV 7042:Type VII 6775:Bismarck 6743:Seydlitz 6614:9 Feb 45 6599:1 Nov 44 6589:6 Jun 42 6574:8 May 41 6569:4 Apr 41 6466:2nd H.T. 6462:1st H.T. 6458:Atlantic 6086:Bismarck 5823:Uniforms 5485:vessels. 5350:vol. 2, 5201:Archived 5168:p. 75-91 5123:Feldgrau 5105:Feldgrau 4965:(2003). 4937:(2003). 4849:Archived 4759:Archived 4579:Feldgrau 4429:See also 4343:613,000 4006:Norwegen 3980:flotilla 3976:squadron 3741:Penelope 3658:Welshman 3583:Hermione 3489:Audacity 3386:Kormoran 3380:Kormoran 3325:Bismarck 3279:Glorious 3189:Eidsvold 2916:Milchkuh 2912:Type XIV 2900:Type VII 2871:Admiral 2841:gunboats 2748:Raubtier 2669:Kormoran 2621:Atlantis 2589:Kormoran 2541:Nürnberg 2455:Seydlitz 2343:Hannover 2263:Bismarck 2252:Bismarck 2245:Bismarck 2197:Bismarck 2149:Seydlitz 2084:Bismarck 2026:Courland 2021:Hannibal 1982:Ostfront 1974:Cerberus 1872:Bismarck 1809:Wikinger 1744:Nürnberg 1684:Nürnberg 1374:Red Army 1345:Nürnberg 1147:de facto 1140:and the 1116:Bismarck 1104:Bismarck 1088:scuttled 1062:Atlantic 1042:Glorious 946:and the 678:and the 619:Preussen 550:cruisers 507:Bismarck 482:May 1943 355:and the 345:branches 304:War Navy 227:Insignia 205:See list 7103:R boats 7098:E-boats 7047:Type IX 7037:Type II 7019:U-boats 7009:Ausland 7004:Type 44 6999:Type 41 6994:Type 40 6989:Type 39 6984:Type 37 6979:Type 35 6974:Type 24 6969:Type 23 6881:Leipzig 6860:Gazelle 6635:Curaçao 6562:Actions 6538:Neuland 6528:Lofoten 6496:Hartmut 6340:Battles 6218:U-boats 6159:Leipzig 5609:General 4610:21 July 4335:14,000 4321:22,000 4255:in the 4232:of the 4230:platoon 4206:Marines 4198:Seetakt 4187:of the 4143:) with 4119:Gruppen 4002:Nordsee 3990:Admiral 3925:in 1945 3771:US Navy 3633:Avenger 3464:Galatea 3398:Dunedin 3127:Action 3054:inside 2904:Type II 2896:Type IX 2685:Coronel 2645:Pinguin 2552:Kreuzer 2534:Leipzig 2443:Blücher 2279:Tirpitz 2258:Tirpitz 2154:Potsdam 2133:Potsdam 2067:R boats 2047:U-boats 1951:Neuland 1922:Tirpitz 1918:Knights 1906:Tirpitz 1552:Liepāja 1448:Seehund 1433:frogmen 1416:Stettin 1304:Tirpitz 1271:Tirpitz 1144:became 1066:convoys 1014:in the 1007:Blücher 978:at the 771:Leipzig 539:History 440:capital 436:U-boats 425:British 321:of the 298: 211:Notable 104:Germany 91:Country 81: ( 63: ( 55:Founded 7052:Type X 7032:Type I 6935:Narvik 6927:Narvik 6623:Sieges 6518:Berlin 6513:Bastia 6442:Ushant 6427:Someri 5994:Plan Z 5885:Crimes 5616:Abwehr 5185: 5164: 4973: 4945: 4683: 4658: 4633: 4558: 4238:Narvik 4158:, and 4077:Enigma 4062:'s 4050:. The 4020:. The 4016:, and 3988:or an 3889:U-1172 3815:Dragon 3795:Scylla 3683:Abdiel 3456:loss. 3454:'s 3451:Barham 3423:Barham 3383:. The 3361:Sydney 3248:Jaguar 3085:Wicher 2908:Type X 2863:U-boat 2770:E-boat 2677:Michel 2629:Widder 2461:Lützow 2446:, and 2421:Lützow 2385:, and 2377:Lützow 2337:Hessen 2261:. The 2127:Europa 2032:, and 1997:Domino 1968:Lützow 1848:Berlin 1721:USCGC 1713:barque 1556:Latvia 1483:Monsun 1479:Malaya 1461:Monsun 1386:Danzig 1327:Lützow 1130:Barham 924:, and 819:France 805:Plan Z 799:Plan Z 668:Poland 421:Plan Z 378:, the 337:. The 128:Branch 101: 25:, see 7439:Media 7091:Other 6867:Emden 6533:Nauru 6222:types 6161:class 6153:class 6144:Emden 6125:class 6117:class 6096:class 6088:class 6080:class 6060:Ships 5814:ranks 5806:ranks 5791:Ranks 5000:8 May 4829:(PDF) 4528:p. 24 4469:Notes 4305:1943 3874:Thane 3863:U-354 3848:Nabob 3834:Neger 3785:U-549 3756:U-410 3673:U-617 3648:U-155 3608:Eagle 3598:U-205 3554:U-456 3529:U-565 3514:Naiad 3504:U-751 3479:U-557 3438:U-331 3413:U-124 3220:Norge 3124:Date 3121:Type 3118:Ship 2942:Name 2778:with 2693:Hansa 2661:Komet 2653:Stier 2613:Orion 2568:Niobe 2506:Emden 2247:class 2216:class 2052:Ships 1868:Rhine 1822:Weser 1776:. In 1723:Eagle 1656:U-852 1641:sank 1518:XXIII 1498:sonar 1463:Boats 1442:Molch 1357:Emden 1243:radar 1194:Brest 1124:U-331 1107:sank 1076:Italy 755:Ibiza 6736:Jade 6523:Juno 5831:Heer 5635:Army 5529:Army 5472:2007 5452:2007 5436:2007 5416:2007 5400:2007 5183:ISBN 5162:ISBN 5087:2012 5064:2007 5002:2018 4971:ISBN 4943:ISBN 4710:2012 4681:ISBN 4656:ISBN 4631:ISBN 4612:2021 4556:ISBN 4278:and 4125:and 4115:Wing 4087:The 4057:The 4018:West 3998:Nord 3728:and 3701:S61. 3699:and 3623:U-73 3569:and 3350:U-81 3310:Hood 3297:and 3268:and 3179:U-47 3154:U-29 2801:Goya 2637:Thor 2527:Köln 2430:The 2423:(ex- 2406:The 2365:The 2334:and 2322:and 2271:Hood 2255:and 2224:and 2207:The 2194:The 1966:and 1893:and 1874:and 1855:and 1829:Juno 1780:the 1768:and 1754:NATO 1715:SSS 1681:and 1638:U-30 1616:Kiel 1544:and 1516:and 1477:and 1445:and 1414:and 1397:Goya 1394:and 1384:and 1351:Köln 1256:The 1206:and 1111:Hood 938:The 809:The 776:Oran 753:off 713:Köln 704:and 498:and 351:Heer 311:navy 295:lit. 276:The 152:Size 146:Navy 142:Type 6382:Ist 5584:OKL 5579:OKM 5574:OKH 5569:OKW 4263:). 4014:Süd 3731:T27 3725:T23 3697:S54 3572:Z25 3566:Z24 3270:S23 3266:S21 2379:), 1889:by 1798:). 1697:in 1653:of 1635:of 1554:in 1514:XXI 1288:by 1198:RAF 864:44 837:10 795:.) 313:of 200:OKM 7454:: 6749:II 5427:. 5149:^ 5139:. 5121:. 5103:. 5055:. 5036:. 5018:. 4993:. 4901:. 4883:. 4831:. 4804:^ 4742:^ 4577:. 4566:^ 4499:. 4151:, 4147:, 4008:, 4004:, 4000:, 3822:) 3773:) 3563:, 3390:. 3368:) 3255:) 3227:) 3196:) 3142:) 3112:. 2929:. 2835:, 2819:. 2815:, 2809:, 2803:, 2799:, 2786:. 2558:. 2458:, 2440:, 2135:, 2130:, 2028:, 2004:, 1916:(" 1866:(" 1620:SS 1364:, 1354:, 1348:, 1336:, 1330:, 1324:, 1045:. 920:, 916:, 912:, 908:, 904:, 858:5 852:3 607:, 580:. 416:. 392:. 293:, 7425:: 7198:e 7191:t 7184:v 7162:V 7156:X 7150:S 7025:) 7021:( 6887:M 6841:P 6786:O 6781:H 6730:I 6699:e 6692:t 6685:v 6498:) 6494:( 6483:) 6479:( 6468:) 6464:/ 6460:( 6224:) 6220:( 6188:) 6184:( 5996:) 5992:( 5964:e 5957:t 5950:v 5512:e 5505:t 5498:v 5474:. 5454:. 5438:. 5418:. 5402:. 5143:. 5089:. 5066:. 5040:. 5022:. 5004:. 4979:. 4951:. 4905:. 4887:. 4835:. 4712:. 4689:. 4664:. 4639:. 4614:. 4503:. 4332:) 4328:( 4121:( 3818:( 3769:( 3364:( 3251:( 3223:( 3192:( 3138:( 2764:) 1794:( 1465:( 849:) 307:' 301:' 284:( 85:) 67:) 29:.

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