505:
558:. The Gottscheers were given Reich passports and transportation to the Rann area straight after the forced departure of the Slovenes. Most left their homes following coercion and threats as the VoMi had set 31 December 1941 as the deadline for the movement of both groups. Though many Gottscheers received houses and farmland, inevitably there was great dissatisfaction that many properties were of lesser value and quality than their original lands, and many were in disarray after the hasty expulsion of their previous occupants.
169:
582:, stragglers were interned and later expelled in the aftermath of treaties between the defeated Germans and the Yugoslav Partisans. The Gottscheers became stateless refugees in Austria. In the aftermath of the war, around 3,000 stayed in Austria and 2,000 immigrated to Germany, while the remainder immigrated to the United States and Canada. By all accounts, less than 400 ethnic Germans found themselves in the new
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along with 22 German civic organizations and clubs. By 1939, only five German classes were offered in the entire region's elementary schools. Attempts to form German cultural organizations were continuously squashed, due to the
Yugoslav government's increasing fear of German nationalist sentiment emanating from Germany and Austria. Despite these hardships, in 1930, a 600-year celebration of Gottschee was held.
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who saw them as an instrument of the Axis powers. Among these partisans were
Slovenes who had escaped deportation from the Rann Triangle to the surrounding forests.The attempt to resettle the Gottscheers proved a costly failure for the Nazi regime, which needed to deploy extra manpower to protect the
310:
Owing to its position on the outer edge of the
Habsburg domains, the area of Gottschee was often threatened by Ottoman incursions, and the Gottscheers were regularly forced into military service to protect the area. The town of Gottschee itself was sacked in 1469, but following its speedy rebuilding,
330:
Peddling would thereafter become a crucial source of supplemental income for the
Gottscheers, who remained isolated subsistence farmers from their settlement up until their dispersement after the Second World War. Gottscheer peddlers sold homespun linens, dormouse pelts, and wooden toys, among other
351:
In 1507, the
Gottschee was pledged to Jörg von Thurn (Jurij Turn), who became hated by his subjects for introducing heavy-handed tax farming and interest collection. Gottscheer peasants eventually killed von Thurn, sparking the Slovene peasant revolt, which would continue to rage throughout what is
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quickly initiated the resettlement across the region. Resettling
Gottscheers were allowed to take some household belongings and 1/3 of their livestock with them. Ostensibly, the vacated land was to be given to Italian settlers, however, due to the intensity of partisan attacks in the area, Italian
415:
Between 1869 and 1878, the German population of
Gottschee reached its zenith at a population of around 26,000. However, despite modernization, the region remained desperately poor and its population chiefly dependent on subsistence farming. From 1880, the Gottschee would begin losing population to
444:
Despite claims that the
Kingdom of Yugoslavia would constitutionally protect minority rights, on January 1, 1919, all German teachers and civil servants in the state were dismissed. The Gymnasium of Gottschee was made into a Slovene-language institution, and the town's trade school was shut down
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Empires. In the 18th century, their right to peddle was expanded to produce from the southern reaches of the empire, and by the time that
Gottschee was incorporated into Yugoslavia, they also sold exotic fruits and sweets. The Gottscheers peddled on foot through the winter, and returned in the
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farmers from the partisans. The deported
Slovenes were taken to several camps in Saxony, Silesia, and elsewhere in Germany, where they were forced to work on German farms or in factories from 1941 to 1945. The laborers were not always kept in formal
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In 1524, sovereignty over the Gottschee was bought by Hans Ungnad, and soon after, by the Croatian Counts of Blagay in 1547. Croatian rule lasted less than a century, but during that time, many Gottscheers added the ending
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in 1918. The incorporation of the language island into the Slavic state was not without resistance from the Gottschee Germans. Gottscheer emigrants in the United States lobbied for recognition of their people's right to
480:(District Leader) of the Gottschee in the old city palace of the Auerspergs in the town of Gottschee. However, Lampeter promptly was forced to step down from this post on 23 April, after the region became part of the
403:, scoring some minor victories before being brutally crushed. After the French left the area, control of the Dukedom reverted to the House of Auersperg. In 1848, serfdom was abolished, and in 1871, the regions first
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was built in the town of Gottschee, a decade later, a trade school of woodwork was founded in the same town. in 1893, Gottschee gained its first rail connection with a line running from the town of Gottschee to
424:. Combined with the effects of anti-German discrimination in the newly formed Kingdom of Yugoslavia, the Gottschee German population had been reduced to 12,500 by the German invasion of 1941.
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of the House of Auersperg, securing its ownership by the family until the abolition of Austria-Hungary. In 1791, Emperor Leopold II elevated the County of Gottschee to a
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To achieve their goal, accommodation had to be made for the Gottschee settlers and, beginning in November 1941, some 46,000 Slovenes from the Rann Triangle region were
554:. Shortly before that, propaganda aimed at both the Gottscheers and the Slovenes promised the latter equivalent farmland in Germany for the land relinquished in
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reaffirmed and expanded the rights and responsibilities of Otto V of Ortenburg and his successors as rulers of the area. Starting in 1330 and continuing until
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441:, however, the enclave's small size and even smaller population meant that it was incorporated into Yugoslavia despite Gottschee German disapproval.
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264:, a Carinthian noble family. This area included the primeval forest area that would eventually become known as the Gottschee. In 1336, Patriarch
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Graupera, Jordi (2015). "Al final hi ha el bosc. Obituari d'un poble" [At the end there is the forest. Obituary from a people].
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by the Third Reich. National Socialist activist Wilhelm Lampeter was easily able to found a paramilitary organization, the
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of Gottschee and styled himself Count of Gottschee. His adoptive son promptly sold the county to Wolf Engelbrecht of
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From the time of their arrival until the end of the war, Gottscheer farmers were harassed and sometimes killed by
82:
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412:, and one year later, the House of Auersperg erected a sawmill, the first major industrial site in the region.
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288:, and in 1406 Count Frederick III of Ortenburg granted the growing German population the right to collect
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Following the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the Gottschee became part of the newly formed
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The vast majority of Gottscheers and their descendants now live in the United States, mainly in
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With the extinction of the House of Ortenburg in 1418, the region came under the control of the
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paramilitaries took control of the Gottschee. On 13 April, Wilhelm Lampeter took office as
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The Gottscheers were resettled to the Italian-annexed territory to the Rann Triangle (
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reached a resettlement treaty, and plans to resettle the Gottscheers devised by the
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unto it. Importantly, Frederick III also granted Gottscheer men the right to
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Notable Gottschee Germans or people with Gottschee German heritage include:
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601:, but also in other parts of the country. Smaller numbers have settled in
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springtime to tend to the family's plot, staying at home until the end of
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399:. However, the Napoleonic takeover was not without incident, as the
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now Slovenia and parts of Austria until it was put down in 1515.
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serves as a cultural hub and gathering place for the community.
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By 1945, nearly all Gottscheers had fled the Rann Triangle for
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From 1809 to 1814, the Gottschee was occupied by the forces of
605:, along with those who remained in Europe. Gottscheer Hall in
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26:
484:, an Italian occupation zone. On October 1 of the same year,
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1400, the Counts of Ortenburg settled German peasants from
452:) were lifted, in return for alleged better treatment for
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Ethnic Germans from Gottschee facing resettlement in 1941
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In 1939, the ban on the German Cultural Organization (
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to their surnames, derived from the common Croatian
96:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
822:] (in German). Translated by Herold, Edith.
678:(1872–1941), Roman Catholic priest and publisher
172:Gottschee German peasants in an engraving from
401:Gottscheers rose up against the French in 1809
494:Main Welfare Office for Ethnic Germans (VoMi)
327:) throughout the empire on 23 October 1492.
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8:
859:"Vsi niso odšli / Nicht alle sind gegangen"
654:(born 1966), American chemist and professor
364:suffix. In 1618, the Gottschee was sold to
280:within their fiefdom. In 1377, the town of
227:, their main language of communication was
156:Learn how and when to remove this message
167:
693:
836:
785:"Kontakti - Pokrajinski muzej Kočevje"
684:(born April 4, 1948) Pro Soccer Player
496:were put into action. Members of the
7:
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630:(1936–2013), linguist and translator
368:Johann Jakob Khisl, who founded the
94:adding citations to reliable sources
833:: Karl Schemitsch. pp. 96–100.
323:their wares tax-free (known as the
900:Slovenian people of German descent
734:Das Jahrhundertbuch der Gottscheer
642:(1824–1879), lawyer and geographer
636:(1781–1809), Austrian rebel leader
179:The Glory of the Duchy of Carniola
25:
648:(born 1963), American businessman
546:to eastern Germany for potential
501:settlement was never implemented.
299:; following the assassination of
211:) are the German settlers of the
739:The Gottscheer Book of Centuries
672:(born 1987), Canadian ice dancer
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31:
527:between the confluences of the
470:German invasion of 6 April 1941
250:Berthold, Patriarch of Aquileia
81:needs additional citations for
885:Verein Peter Kosler, Slowenien
624:(born 1925), cultural activist
584:Socialist Republic of Slovenia
307:gained the region for itself.
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378:Johann Weikhard of Auersperg
292:from the region's forests.
174:Johann Weikhard von Valvasor
40:It has been suggested that
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731:Petschauer, Erich (1980).
395:and incorporated into the
905:Ethnic groups in Slovenia
814:Schemitsch, Karl (1977).
666:(1838–1892), photographer
252:, transferred fiefdom of
57:Proposed since June 2024.
843:: CS1 maint: location (
266:Bertrand of Saint-Geniès
864:. 2012. Archived from
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331:wares, throughout the
215:(a.k.a. Gottschee) of
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660:(1907–1993), educator
590:counting a mere 110.
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482:Province of Ljubljana
434:Kingdom of Yugoslavia
428:Kingdom of Yugoslavia
313:Emperor Frederick III
171:
682:Werner Roth (soccer)
468:Following the swift
90:improve this article
50:into this article. (
749:: Hermann Leustik.
709:. Barcelona: 6–17.
658:Roman Erich Petsche
613:Notable Gottscheers
454:Carinthian Slovenes
262:Counts of Ortenburg
235:dialect of German.
18:Germans of Slovenia
820:This was Gottschee
792:www.pmk-kocevje.si
652:Michael J. Krische
603:Kitchener, Ontario
563:Yugoslav partisans
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439:self-determination
416:emigration to the
397:Illyrian Provinces
380:made the county a
376:in 1641. In 1677,
301:Ulrich II of Celje
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816:Das war Gottschee
646:Richard J. Kramer
607:Ridgewood, Queens
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305:House of Habsburg
244:Duchy of Carniola
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105:"Gottscheers"
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101:Find sources:
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640:Peter Kosler
634:Johann Erker
622:Albert Belay
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556:Lower Styria
552:forced labor
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88:Please help
83:verification
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827: [
670:Andrew Poje
219:, formerly
187:Gottscheers
894:Categories
797:2024-03-18
770:2024-03-18
747:Klagenfurt
689:References
568:internment
498:Mannschaft
458:Mannschaft
450:Kulturbund
335:and later
333:Holy Roman
274:East Tyrol
195:Gottscheer
116:newspapers
839:cite book
824:Landskron
715:2462-7062
599:Cleveland
410:Ljubljana
405:Gymnasium
374:Auersperg
315:bestowed
282:Gottschee
278:Carinthia
248:In 1247,
203:Kočevarji
43:Gottschee
544:deported
539:rivers.
366:Freiherr
290:estovers
256:and its
233:Bavarian
217:Slovenia
176:'s work
586:, with
580:Austria
521:Dreieck
386:Dukedom
254:Ribnica
239:History
199:Slovene
130:scholar
52:Discuss
753:
741:]
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535:, and
519:Ranner
514:German
472:, the
422:Canada
370:County
358:-itsch
341:German
321:peddle
191:German
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48:merged
869:(PDF)
862:(PDF)
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818:[
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743:(PDF)
737:[
533:Sotla
270:circa
137:JSTOR
123:books
845:link
751:ISBN
711:ISSN
597:and
588:OZNA
537:Sava
529:Krka
488:and
420:and
339:and
276:and
231:, a
109:news
550:or
362:-ić
92:by
46:be
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841:}}
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