153:. President Daniel E. Howard was wary of going to war against Germany due to their economic ties. From 1915 to 1916, Britain and France used their influence over Liberia to pressure it into adopting policies to lower the amount of trade between it and Germany. The United Kingdom also denied Germany sea lines, which also had an effect over Germany's ability to facilitate trade with Liberia. In 1917, Liberia declared war against Germany. This resulted in the crippling of the Liberian economy. In 1918, Germany bombarded
29:
141:. This was the third, in a series of two other major, uneven loans taken out by the Liberian government. The loan borrowed $ 1,700,000 for Liberia, with the conditions including that the four countries would be able to each appoint General Receivers of Customs, which limited the powers of the Liberian Secretary of the Treasury. The 1912 loan was paid off in 1926, with a loan from the Finance Corporation of America. The primary beneficiaries of the 1912 loan were British banks.
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937:
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48:
176:
Liberia again remained neutral initially in World War II. In the 1940s, the United
Kingdom used its influence to again restrict German trade in Liberia. It did this, in 1941, by ordering the Bank of Monrovia to stop handling German accounts, as well as denying safe passage to vessels from Germany to
128:
While there was a large amount of trade between
Germany and Liberia, the German government largely neglected to provide large amounts of capital investment into Liberia, unlike the United Kingdom, which had provided Liberia with loans which had compromised much of Liberia's sovereignty and gave the
120:
deck workers and stevedores from
Liberia. The Liberian government accrued a significant amount of debt to German firms. Between 1898 and 1916, a number of indigenous uprisings against the Liberian government resulted in the damaging of German property, which caused the German government to make
115:
Prior to World War I, Liberia and
Germany had extensive trading ties. In 1906, the British estimated that Germany had over three-fourths of Liberia's trade. These ties came in the form of imports, exports, and by the early 1900s, German retailing in Liberia. It was through German shipping that
107:
in 1855. Hamburg merchant Carl
Woermann established the first trading venture with Liberia. In 1858, Carl Goedelt, who was Woermann's representative, was appointed as the Hamburg Consul in Monrovia.
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1677:
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British government much influence over
Liberian affairs. A major loan between the United Kingdom, along with other Western powers including Germany, the United States, and
1550:
83:
and
Liberia become connected economically. The economic ties were broken during the World Wars. The two countries re-established connections following the World Wars.
781:
1323:
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729:
188:
on 28 September 1973. By 1982, West
Germany made up 28% of trade with Liberia, it making up 40% of the market for Liberian iron ore. In 1990, due to the
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Following World War I, trade between
Liberia and Germany resumed, though it would never reach the same prominence as it did pre-war. In 1922,
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Liberia maintained a majority of its connection with international trade. German shipping also relied on the labor of
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became consul-general in
Hamburg. Massaquoi was one of the first indigenous African resident diplomats in Europe.
193:
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claims against the Liberian government for damages. In 1912, these unresolved claims resulted in a display of
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100:
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603:
690:"The Struggle for the Recognition of Haiti and Liberia as Independent Republics"
192:, Germany suspended relations with Liberia. In 2005, upon the conclusion of the
150:
670:"President Arthur Barclay (1904–1912) The 1912 Loan: More foreigners appointed"
321:"President Arthur Barclay (1904–1912) The 1912 Loan: More foreigners appointed"
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117:
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by the German government, but there was ultimately a peaceful resolution.
154:
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80:
76:
63:
52:
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95:, Liberia's independence was recognized by the Hanseatic Republics of
196:, Germany re-established relations with Liberia. In 2007, Chancellor
158:
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Liberia. On 27 January 1944, Liberia declared war against Germany.
345:
343:
341:
602:
Dunn, Elwood D.; Beyan, Amos J.; Burrowes, Carl Patrick (2000).
1659:
718:
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406:
200:
made a state visit to Liberia. In 2008 and 2015, President
180:
Following the war, Liberia established relations with
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133:, was negotiated in 1911, under Liberian President
35:
645:"The German Factor in Liberia's Foreign Relations"
299:
297:
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373:
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137:, and ratified in 1912, under Liberian President
184:on 23 July 1953, and established relations with
584:The Palgrave Macmillan Dictionary of Diplomacy
396:
394:
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730:
539:"U.S. Liberian Relations during World War II"
439:
8:
21:
1678:
1664:
1656:
737:
723:
715:
507:"Germany and Liberia: Bilateral relations"
451:
314:
312:
145:World War I and Interwar period relations
427:
385:
361:
288:
276:
264:
695:The Journal of African American History
245:
252:
20:
625:"The Lone Star: The Story of Liberia"
608:. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press.
581:Berridge, G.R.; Lloyd, Lorna (2012).
7:
1581:East Germany–United States relations
303:
172:World War II and post-war relations
149:Initially, Liberia was neutral in
14:
1606:Foreign relations of East Germany
1601:Foreign relations of Nazi Germany
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1687:
935:
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605:Historical Dictionary of Liberia
57:
46:
27:
494:Dunn, Beyan & Burrowes 2000
374:Dunn, Beyan & Burrowes 2000
350:Dunn, Beyan & Burrowes 2000
1903:Bilateral relations of Liberia
1898:Bilateral relations of Germany
1847:Diplomatic missions of Liberia
1645:Germany and the United Nations
204:made state visits to Germany.
1:
1556:German entry into World War I
1694:Foreign relations of Liberia
1627:Foreign ministers of Germany
753:Foreign relations of Germany
623:Duva, Anjali Mitter (2002).
537:Akingbade, Harrison (1985).
219:Foreign relations of Liberia
214:Foreign relations of Germany
1872:Minister of Foreign Affairs
1867:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
1596:Ambassadors of Nazi Germany
688:Wesley, Charles H. (1917).
643:Shmockel, Wolfe W. (1977).
1919:
1127:Consuls in Haifa and Eilat
668:Van Der Kraaij, Fred P.M.
319:Van Der Kraaij, Fred P.M.
1893:Germany–Liberia relations
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440:Berridge & Lloyd 2012
194:Second Liberian Civil War
111:Pre-World War I relations
69:
56:
45:
26:
22:Germany–Liberia relations
1571:Soviet Union before 1941
782:Central African Republic
674:Liberia Past and Present
649:Liberian Studies Journal
551:Clark Atlanta University
325:Liberia Past and Present
190:First Liberian Civil War
549:(1). Atlanta, Georgia:
229:Liberia in World War II
1640:Ambassadors of Germany
1632:Diplomatic missions of
1622:Federal Foreign Office
1576:Inner German relations
1324:Bosnia and Herzegovina
587:. Palgrave Macmillan.
512:Federal Foreign Office
470:Federal Foreign Office
224:Liberia in World War I
465:"Liberia: Steckbrief"
202:Ellen Johnson Sirleaf
1263:United Arab Emirates
496:, pp. 172, 328.
1840:Diplomatic missions
23:
18:Bilateral relations
402:"Events 1901–1970"
93:German unification
1880:
1879:
1653:
1652:
1566:China before 1941
594:978-1-137-01761-1
388:, pp. 34–36.
279:, pp. 27–28.
123:gunboat diplomacy
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1228:South Korea
1208:Philippines
1188:North Korea
1058:Afghanistan
902:South Sudan
817:Ivory Coast
483:(in German)
253:Wesley 1917
151:World War I
1887:Categories
1851:in Liberia
1759:Bangladesh
1636:in Germany
1591:Yugoslavia
1586:Ostpolitik
1551:Arab world
1544:Historical
1434:Montenegro
1419:Luxembourg
1304:Azerbaijan
1268:Uzbekistan
1248:Tajikistan
1143:Kazakhstan
1068:Bangladesh
892:Somaliland
857:Mozambique
847:Mauritania
837:Madagascar
655:(1): 27–42
235:References
1774:Indonesia
1525:Australia
1409:Lithuania
1233:Sri Lanka
1223:Singapore
1203:Palestine
1103:Indonesia
1092:Hong Kong
1042:Venezuela
1017:Nicaragua
952:Argentina
706:24 August
702:: 369–383
679:24 August
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634:24 August
553:: 25–36.
518:24 August
476:24 August
413:24 August
330:24 August
304:Duva 2002
240:Citations
1736:Americas
1484:Slovenia
1479:Slovakia
1459:Portugal
1379:Holy See
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1198:Pakistan
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1168:Maldives
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945:Americas
927:Zimbabwe
912:Tanzania
802:Ethiopia
787:DR Congo
777:Cameroon
572:8 August
208:See also
155:Monrovia
77:Liberian
1805:Germany
1518:Oceania
1504:Ukraine
1464:Romania
1429:Moldova
1394:Ireland
1389:Iceland
1384:Hungary
1369:Georgia
1359:Finland
1354:Estonia
1349:Denmark
1334:Croatia
1319:Belgium
1314:Belarus
1309:Austria
1299:Armenia
1294:Albania
1273:Vietnam
1178:Myanmar
1158:Lebanon
1063:Bahrain
1037:Uruguay
1007:Jamaica
992:Ecuador
962:Bolivia
887:Somalia
882:Senegal
872:Nigeria
862:Namibia
852:Morocco
827:Liberia
797:Eritrea
767:Algeria
159:U-boats
105:Hamburg
91:Before
87:History
81:Germany
64:Liberia
53:Germany
1824:Former
1800:France
1793:Europe
1784:Turkey
1779:Israel
1701:Africa
1494:Sweden
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1469:Russia
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1444:Norway
1404:Kosovo
1374:Greece
1364:France
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1287:Europe
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1243:Taiwan
1148:Kuwait
1138:Jordan
1123:Israel
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760:Africa
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131:France
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75:After
1810:Spain
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1764:China
1713:Libya
1708:Kenya
1615:Other
1535:Tonga
1489:Spain
1424:Malta
1399:Italy
1278:Yemen
1238:Syria
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1183:Nepal
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1098:India
1088:China
1002:Haiti
977:Chile
907:Sudan
867:Niger
832:Libya
822:Kenya
807:Ghana
792:Egypt
563:JSTOR
1752:Asia
1193:Oman
1153:Laos
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1108:Iran
1051:Asia
1027:Peru
987:Cuba
917:Togo
842:Mali
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610:ISBN
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