425:
Commander, United States Naval
Support Force, Antarctica, during Operation DEEP FREEZE I and II from 1 February 1955 to 22 March 1957. An extremely competent and resourceful leader, Captain Ketchum has been responsible for and has directly supervised the preparation and implementation of plans for two Antarctic expeditions which involved the design, establishment, and operation of seven widely dispersed bases constructed to support the Antarctic program of the United States National Committee for the International Geophysical Year. Assuming command of Task Force units from 10 December 1955 to 3 February 1956 during Operation DEEP FREEZE I, he skillfully directed aircraft and ship units in hazardous and difficult operations. During Operation DEEP FREEZE II, he assumed command of the Task Force from 14 September to 20 December 1956, during which period he conducted through the dangerous Antarctic ice pack without damage the largest convoy of ships ever deployed to the Antarctic. From 14 January to 27 February 1957, he assumed command of a task group of three ships and established a base on the Knox Coast under extremely adverse ice conditions. By his outstanding leadership, judgment and inspiring devotion to duty throughout, Captain Ketchum upheld the highest traditions of the United States Naval Service.
414:
22 September 1943, during an operation in which his ship was assigned to screen a convoy of landing craft, he assisted in meeting, repelling and destroying a vicious enemy air attack launched by ten torpedo planes. He quickly and efficiently brought his ship into action, taking station between the planes and the defenseless convoy, and while being heavily strafed, simultaneously avoided two torpedoes by skillful maneuvering, kept all batteries in action, shot down one torpedo plane, and assisted in the destruction of another. His actions and conduct were in keeping with the highest traditions of the United States Naval
Service.
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December 1956, during which period he conducted through the dangerous
Antarctic ice pack without damage the largest convoy of ships ever deployed to the Antarctic. From 14 January to 27 February 1957, he assumed command of a task group of three ships and established a base on the Knox Coast under extremely adverse ice conditions. For his service in these operations, Ketchum received the
112:
413:
The
President of the United States of America takes pleasure in presenting the Silver Star to Lieutenant Commander Gerald Lyle Ketchum (NSN: 0-70240), United States Navy, for gallantry and intrepidity in action against the enemy. While Commanding Officer of the Destroyer U.S.S. PERKINS (DD-377), on
295:
from 1 February 1955 to 22 March 1957. He was responsible for and directly supervised the preparation and implementation of plans for the two
Antarctic expeditions. This involved the design, establishment, and operation of seven widely dispersed bases constructed to support the Antarctic program
261:, the United States Navy Antarctic Developments Program 1946–1947; also known as the Fourth Byrd Anatarctic Expedition. This was the Navy's first Antarctic expedition involving a large number of ships of various kinds and helped established the feasibility of sustained operations in the Antarctic.
303:
He assumed command of Task Force units from 10 December 1955 to 3 February 1956 during
Operation Deep Freeze I, when he skillfully directed aircraft and ship units in hazardous and difficult operations. During Operation Deep Freeze II, he assumed command of the Task Force from 14 September to 20
228:
between the planes and the convoy, and despite being heavily strafed, simultaneously avoided two torpedoes by skillful maneuvering, shot down one torpedo plane, and assisted in the destruction of another. For this action he was later awarded the Silver Star – the Navy's third highest award for
424:
The
President of the United States of America takes pleasure in presenting the Legion of Merit to Captain Gerald Lyle Ketchum (NSN: 0-70240), United States Navy, for exceptionally meritorious conduct in the performance of outstanding services to the Government of the United States as Deputy
236:
was rammed by an
Australian troopship and sank with the loss of nine American lives. Ketchum was held accountable for the incident by a board of inquiry and, unlike most naval officers whose ships have a collision under their command, he was allowed to command ships later in his career.
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Ketchum returned to the
Antarctic again when he served as Deputy Commander, United States Naval Support Force, Antarctica, during
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On 22 September 1943, during an operation in which his ship was assigned to screen a convoy of landing craft, Ketchum and the
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On 28 December 1946, Ketchum became the commanding officer of newly commissioned icebreaker
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165:. He served during World War II and the Korean War. He was a recipient of the
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engaged ten attacking
Japanese torpedo planes. Ketchum positioned the
264:
He was also Commander of "Task Force 39" consisting of two ships, the
1695:
1020:
472:
1081:
316:
Upon his retirement from the Navy he was promoted to the rank of
2272:
514:
476:
161:(5 December 1908 – 22 August 1992) was a career officer in the
284:
expedition in 1947–1948. Ketchum relinquished command of the
232:
In the early morning hours of 29 November 1943, the
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2981:
2568:
2308:
1681:
1212:
1057:
555:
429:General Orders: Board Serial 895 (4 December 1957)
320:in recognition of his wartime service. He died in
135:
121:
106:
89:
71:
51:
39:
23:
296:of the United States National Committee for the
488:
432:Action Date: 1 February 1955 – 22 March 1957
213:was employed in operations in the waters off
169:and also participated in four expeditions to
8:
201:and was placed in command of the destroyer
3644:Military personnel from Washington (state)
2282:
2269:
524:
511:
495:
481:
473:
185:on 5 December 1908 and graduated from the
31:
20:
3553:Pole of Inaccessibility research station
3128:Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition
440:
7:
2914:Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition
1111:Norse colonization of North America
3639:United States Naval Academy alumni
3614:People from Bellingham, Washington
2443:United States Exploring Expedition
335:in Antarctica is named after him.
197:During World War II Ketchum was a
16:American naval officer (1908–1992)
14:
3654:Recipients of the Legion of Merit
3517:Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station
2885:Australasian Antarctic Expedition
257:served in Task Group 68.2 during
3411:Amundsen's South Pole expedition
2804:Amundsen's South Pole expedition
459:Australian Antarctic Data Centre
181:Gerald Lyle Ketchum was born in
110:
95:
76:
3634:United States and the Antarctic
293:Operations Deep Freeze I and II
386:National Defense Service Medal
372:Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal
361:American Defense Service Medal
298:International Geophysical Year
1:
3649:Recipients of the Silver Star
2790:Japanese Antarctic Expedition
2725:Scottish Antarctic Expedition
3147:Soviet Antarctic Expeditions
2963:Shackleton–Rowett Expedition
2769:French Antarctic Expeditions
2699:Swedish Antarctic Expedition
2585:Belgian Antarctic Expedition
703:Lady Franklin Bay Expedition
2232:Nuclear-powered icebreakers
1911:Austro-Hungarian Expedition
776:Andrée's balloon expedition
448:Social Security Death Index
187:United States Naval Academy
3670:
1433:Franklin's lost expedition
1133:Christian IV's expeditions
402:United Nations Korea Medal
381:World War II Victory Medal
2285:
2281:
2268:
1787:Great Northern Expedition
1463:Rae–Richardson expedition
663:British Arctic Expedition
527:
523:
510:
464:26 September 2007 at the
30:
3624:American polar explorers
3071:British Antarctic Survey
3065:Captain Arturo Prat Base
2310:Antarctic/Southern Ocean
419:Legion of Merit citation
398:with three service stars
84:United States of America
3619:Explorers of Antarctica
3547:Pole of inaccessibility
3210:Antarctic Treaty System
1551:2nd Grinnell expedition
396:Antarctic Service Medal
366:American Campaign Medal
355:Navy Commendation Medal
148:Navy Commendation Medal
3629:20th-century explorers
288:on 22 September 1947.
209:on 1 March 1943. The
183:Bellingham, Washington
46:Bellingham, Washington
3217:Transglobe Expedition
3116:Operation Deep Freeze
2525:Challenger expedition
1391:Coppermine expedition
912:Drifting ice stations
241:Antarctic expeditions
408:Silver Star citation
312:Retirement and death
199:lieutenant commander
3387:South magnetic pole
2053:Brusilov expedition
1162:Danish colonization
600:North magnetic pole
391:Korea Service Medal
324:on 22 August 1992.
3078:Operation Windmill
3059:Operation Highjump
2034:Rusanov expedition
1939:A. E. Nordenskiöld
1683:North East Passage
1487:McClure expedition
368:with "FLEET" clasp
278:Operation Windmill
276:, and 500 men for
259:Operation Highjump
163:United States Navy
101:United States Navy
3591:
3590:
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3586:
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3582:
3045:Operation Tabarin
2907:Far Eastern Party
2753:Nimrod Expedition
2264:
2263:
2260:
2259:
1823:M. Pronchishcheva
1745:Siberian Cossacks
1214:Northwest Passage
547:Research stations
504:Polar exploration
159:Gerald L. Ketchum
153:
152:
25:Gerald L. Ketchum
3661:
3092:Ronne Expedition
2577:
2571:
2435:Dumont d'Urville
2283:
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1818:V. Pronchishchev
525:
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3122:McMurdo Station
2991:Modern research
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2977:
2712:O. Nordenskjöld
2575:
2569:
2564:
2480:Ross expedition
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1685:
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1218:Northern Canada
1216:
1208:
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559:
551:
519:
506:
501:
471:
466:Wayback Machine
457:
453:
446:
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357:with "V" device
350:Legion of Merit
341:
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314:
306:Legion of Merit
243:
195:
179:
146:
144:Legion of Merit
142:
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44:
43:5 December 1908
26:
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3539:Vostok Station
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3490:Cherry-Garrard
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3330:Southern Cross
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3252:Farthest South
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2949:Ross Sea party
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2636:Southern Cross
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2382:Bellingshausen
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1687:Russian Arctic
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1170:
1158:
1157:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1129:
1124:
1122:Snæbjörn galti
1119:
1114:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1085:
1078:
1073:
1067:
1065:
1055:
1054:
1052:
1051:
1050:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1024:
1017:
1007:
1002:
997:
989:
979:
978:
977:
972:
958:
951:
944:
943:
942:
937:
932:
927:
915:
908:
907:
906:
901:
896:
884:
883:
882:
868:
859:
858:
857:
852:
847:
842:
837:
823:
818:
813:
812:
811:
806:
791:
786:
785:
784:
772:
771:
770:
758:
757:
756:
751:
746:
741:
723:
722:
721:
716:
711:
699:
698:
697:
692:
687:
679:
674:
659:
658:
657:
652:
647:
630:
629:
628:
623:
618:
613:
608:
596:
591:
586:
581:
576:
571:
565:
563:
557:Farthest North
553:
552:
550:
549:
544:
539:
534:
528:
521:
520:
515:
508:
507:
502:
500:
499:
492:
485:
477:
470:
469:
451:
439:
437:
434:
420:
417:
409:
406:
405:
404:
399:
393:
388:
383:
378:
369:
363:
358:
352:
347:
340:
337:
329:
326:
313:
310:
242:
239:
194:
191:
178:
175:
151:
150:
137:
133:
132:
123:
119:
118:
108:
104:
103:
93:
87:
86:
73:
69:
68:
63:(aged 83)
55:22 August 1992
53:
49:
48:
41:
37:
36:
28:
27:
24:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3666:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3601:
3599:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3550:
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3548:
3544:
3540:
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3536:
3535:
3534:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3462:
3461:
3460:
3456:
3452:
3451:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3419:
3415:
3414:
3413:
3412:
3408:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3390:
3389:
3388:
3384:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3361:
3360:
3359:
3355:
3351:
3348:
3347:
3346:
3345:
3341:
3337:
3334:
3333:
3332:
3331:
3327:
3323:
3320:
3319:
3318:
3317:
3312:
3308:
3305:
3304:
3303:
3302:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3288:
3285:
3284:
3283:
3282:
3277:
3273:
3270:
3269:
3268:
3267:
3262:
3261:
3259:
3257:
3253:
3249:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3237:
3233:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3220:
3219:
3218:
3214:
3212:
3211:
3207:
3201:
3198:
3197:
3196:
3195:
3191:
3187:
3184:
3183:
3182:
3181:
3177:
3173:
3172:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3157:
3156:
3155:
3151:
3150:
3149:
3148:
3144:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3131:
3130:
3129:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3117:
3113:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3095:
3094:
3093:
3089:
3085:
3082:
3081:
3080:
3079:
3075:
3073:
3072:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3060:
3056:
3052:
3049:
3048:
3047:
3046:
3042:
3038:
3035:
3034:
3033:
3032:
3028:
3024:
3021:
3020:
3019:
3018:
3014:
3012:
3011:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2996:
2994:
2992:
2988:
2984:
2980:
2972:
2971:
2967:
2966:
2965:
2964:
2960:
2956:
2953:
2952:
2951:
2950:
2946:
2944:
2943:
2942:
2937:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2922:
2918:
2917:
2916:
2915:
2911:
2909:
2908:
2904:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2894:
2889:
2888:
2887:
2886:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2847:
2843:
2842:
2841:
2840:
2836:
2832:
2831:
2827:
2825:
2824:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2812:
2808:
2807:
2806:
2805:
2801:
2797:
2794:
2793:
2792:
2791:
2787:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2777:
2773:
2772:
2771:
2770:
2766:
2762:
2761:
2757:
2756:
2755:
2754:
2750:
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2747:
2743:
2739:
2738:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2728:
2727:
2726:
2722:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2707:
2703:
2702:
2701:
2700:
2696:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2686:
2682:
2681:
2680:
2679:
2675:
2671:
2670:Discovery Hut
2668:
2666:
2665:
2661:
2660:
2659:
2658:
2654:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2644:
2640:
2639:
2638:
2637:
2633:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2593:
2589:
2588:
2587:
2586:
2582:
2581:
2579:
2574:
2567:
2559:
2556:
2555:
2554:
2553:
2549:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2534:
2529:
2528:
2527:
2526:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2512:
2508:
2507:
2502:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2490:
2489:
2484:
2483:
2482:
2481:
2477:
2473:
2470:
2469:
2468:
2467:
2462:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2452:
2447:
2446:
2445:
2444:
2440:
2436:
2433:
2432:
2431:
2430:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2397:
2394:
2393:
2392:
2391:
2387:
2383:
2380:
2379:
2378:
2377:
2373:
2371:
2370:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2357:
2354:
2353:
2352:
2351:
2346:
2342:
2339:
2338:
2337:
2336:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2315:
2313:
2311:
2307:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2287:
2284:
2280:
2276:
2271:
2267:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2242:
2240:
2239:
2235:
2234:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2222:
2218:
2216:
2215:
2211:
2207:
2204:
2203:
2202:
2201:
2200:A. Sibiryakov
2197:
2193:
2190:
2189:
2188:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2176:
2175:
2174:
2173:
2172:Glavsevmorput
2169:
2165:
2162:
2161:
2160:
2159:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2141:
2138:
2137:
2136:
2135:
2131:
2127:
2124:
2123:
2122:
2121:
2120:
2115:
2111:
2108:
2107:
2106:
2105:
2104:
2098:
2097:
2096:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2061:
2057:
2056:
2055:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2037:
2036:
2035:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2003:
2002:
2001:
2000:
1995:
1991:
1988:
1987:
1986:
1985:
1984:
1979:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1964:
1959:
1958:
1957:
1956:
1954:
1949:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1936:
1935:
1934:
1932:
1927:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1914:
1913:
1912:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1790:
1789:
1788:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1746:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1729:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1697:
1693:
1692:
1690:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1674:
1671:
1667:
1664:
1663:
1662:
1661:
1660:
1655:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1642:
1641:
1640:
1639:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1625:
1622:
1621:
1620:
1619:
1618:
1613:
1609:
1606:
1605:
1604:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1592:
1591:
1590:
1589:
1584:
1580:
1577:
1576:
1575:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1560:
1555:
1554:
1553:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1541:
1540:
1539:
1538:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1509:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1496:
1491:
1490:
1489:
1488:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1475:
1474:J. Richardson
1472:
1470:
1467:
1466:
1465:
1464:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1451:
1450:
1445:
1443:
1442:
1437:
1436:
1435:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1423:
1422:
1421:
1420:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1392:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1374:
1371:
1370:
1369:
1368:
1363:
1359:
1356:
1355:
1354:
1353:
1348:
1344:
1341:
1340:
1339:
1338:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1314:
1311:
1310:
1309:
1308:
1303:
1299:
1296:
1295:
1294:
1293:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1265:
1264:
1263:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1236:M. Corte-Real
1234:
1232:
1231:G. Corte-Real
1229:
1227:
1224:
1223:
1221:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1184:
1183:
1182:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1169:
1166:
1165:
1164:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1154:C. Richardson
1152:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1136:
1135:
1134:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1112:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1090:
1086:
1084:
1083:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1068:
1066:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1036:
1032:
1031:
1030:
1029:
1025:
1023:
1022:
1018:
1016:
1015:
1014:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1001:
998:
996:
995:
990:
988:
987:
986:
980:
976:
973:
971:
968:
967:
966:
965:
964:
963:Georgiy Sedov
959:
957:
956:
952:
950:
949:
945:
941:
938:
936:
933:
931:
928:
926:
923:
922:
921:
920:
916:
914:
913:
909:
905:
902:
900:
897:
895:
892:
891:
890:
889:
885:
881:
878:
877:
876:
875:
874:
869:
867:
866:
865:
860:
856:
853:
851:
850:Riiser-Larsen
848:
846:
843:
841:
838:
836:
833:
832:
831:
830:
829:
824:
822:
819:
817:
814:
810:
807:
805:
802:
801:
800:
799:
798:
792:
790:
787:
783:
780:
779:
778:
777:
773:
769:
766:
765:
764:
763:
759:
755:
752:
750:
747:
745:
742:
740:
739:
735:
734:
733:
732:
730:
724:
720:
717:
715:
712:
710:
707:
706:
705:
704:
700:
696:
693:
691:
688:
686:
685:
680:
678:
675:
673:
672:
667:
666:
665:
664:
660:
656:
653:
651:
648:
646:
645:
641:
640:
639:
638:
636:
631:
627:
624:
622:
619:
617:
614:
612:
609:
607:
604:
603:
602:
601:
597:
595:
592:
590:
587:
585:
582:
580:
577:
575:
572:
570:
567:
566:
564:
562:
558:
554:
548:
545:
543:
540:
538:
535:
533:
530:
529:
526:
522:
518:
513:
509:
505:
498:
493:
491:
486:
484:
479:
478:
475:
467:
463:
460:
455:
452:
449:
444:
441:
435:
433:
430:
427:
426:
418:
416:
415:
407:
403:
400:
397:
394:
392:
389:
387:
384:
382:
379:
377:
373:
370:
367:
364:
362:
359:
356:
353:
351:
348:
346:
343:
342:
338:
336:
334:
333:Ketchum Ridge
327:
325:
323:
319:
311:
309:
307:
301:
299:
294:
289:
287:
286:Burton Island
283:
279:
275:
273:
267:
266:Burton Island
262:
260:
256:
255:Burton Island
252:
250:
249:Burton Island
240:
238:
235:
230:
227:
223:
218:
216:
212:
208:
206:
200:
192:
190:
188:
184:
176:
174:
172:
168:
164:
160:
157:
149:
145:
141:
138:
134:
131:
127:
124:
120:
117:
113:
109:
105:
102:
98:
94:
88:
85:
74:
70:
67:
54:
50:
47:
42:
38:
34:
29:
22:
19:
3545:
3533:Pole of Cold
3531:
3457:
3448:
3416:
3409:
3385:
3356:
3342:
3336:Borchgrevink
3328:
3315:
3300:
3280:
3265:
3234:
3215:
3208:
3192:
3178:
3169:
3152:
3145:
3126:
3114:
3090:
3083:
3076:
3069:
3057:
3043:
3029:
3015:
3008:
2969:
2961:
2947:
2940:
2938:
2920:
2912:
2905:
2892:
2883:
2845:
2837:
2828:
2821:
2809:
2802:
2788:
2776:Pourquoi-Pas
2775:
2767:
2759:
2751:
2746:Orcadas Base
2744:
2736:
2723:
2717:C. A. Larsen
2705:
2697:
2683:
2676:
2663:
2655:
2649:Borchgrevink
2642:
2634:
2591:
2583:
2558:C. A. Larsen
2551:
2532:
2523:
2505:
2487:
2478:
2465:
2450:
2441:
2428:
2389:
2375:
2368:
2349:
2334:
2244:
2237:
2220:
2213:
2199:
2184:
2170:
2157:
2132:
2118:
2116:
2102:
2100:
2094:
2092:
2058:
2051:
2032:
1998:
1996:
1982:
1980:
1962:
1952:
1950:
1930:
1928:
1909:
1785:
1743:
1726:
1694:
1658:
1656:
1636:
1635:
1615:
1614:
1600:
1587:
1572:
1558:
1549:
1536:
1507:
1495:Investigator
1494:
1485:
1461:
1448:
1440:
1431:
1418:
1389:
1366:
1351:
1336:
1306:
1291:
1261:
1180:
1160:
1131:
1127:Erik the Red
1109:
1087:
1080:
1037:submersibles
1034:
1028:Arktika 2007
1026:
1019:
1012:
1009:
993:
984:
981:
962:
960:
953:
946:
917:
910:
886:
872:
871:
863:
861:
827:
825:
796:
793:
782:S. A. Andrée
774:
761:
736:
728:
725:
701:
683:
670:
661:
643:
634:
632:
598:
454:
443:
431:
428:
423:
422:
412:
411:
376:battle stars
331:
322:Plano, Texas
318:rear admiral
315:
302:
290:
285:
271:
265:
263:
254:
248:
244:
233:
231:
225:
221:
219:
210:
204:
196:
193:World War II
180:
158:
156:Rear Admiral
154:
126:World War II
122:Battles/wars
116:Rear Admiral
66:Plano, Texas
18:
3609:1992 deaths
3604:1908 births
3236:Lake Vostok
3186:Tryoshnikov
3108:Schlossbach
2999:Christensen
2941:James Caird
2862:E. R. Evans
2628:Dobrowolski
2598:de Gerlache
2300:Expeditions
2186:Aviaarktika
2140:Samoylovich
2011:Kolomeitsev
1905:Middendorff
1865:Gedenshtrom
1285:I. Fyodorov
1047:Chilingarov
935:E. Fyodorov
542:Expeditions
345:Silver Star
177:Navy career
167:Silver Star
140:Silver Star
3598:Categories
3459:Terra Nova
3364:Shackleton
3307:J. C. Ross
3266:Resolution
3256:South Pole
3031:New Swabia
2955:Mackintosh
2927:Shackleton
2846:Terra Nova
2839:Terra Nova
2573:Heroic Age
2533:Challenger
2493:J. C. Ross
2403:Bransfield
2335:Resolution
2250:icebreaker
2214:Chelyuskin
1955:expedition
1933:Expedition
1875:Matyushkin
1833:Kh. Laptev
1828:Chelyuskin
1722:Heemskerck
1712:Chancellor
1707:Willoughby
1702:Koch boats
1645:Stefansson
1579:McClintock
1543:Inglefield
1385:J. C. Ross
1292:Resolution
1144:Cunningham
1042:Sagalevich
731:expedition
690:Stephenson
650:C. F. Hall
637:expedition
611:J. C. Ross
574:Heemskerck
561:North Pole
436:References
374:with four
215:New Guinea
171:Antarctica
130:Korean War
72:Allegiance
59:1992-08-23
3558:Tolstikov
3344:Discovery
3314:HMS
3299:HMS
3281:Adventure
3279:HMS
3264:HMS
3200:Tolstikov
2921:Endurance
2706:Antarctic
2691:Drygalski
2664:Discovery
2657:Discovery
2618:Arctowski
2531:HMS
2504:HMS
2498:Abernethy
2486:HMS
2464:USS
2451:Vincennes
2449:USS
2429:Astrolabe
2369:San Telmo
2350:Adventure
2348:HMS
2333:HMS
2328:Kerguelen
2290:Continent
2275:Antarctic
2152:Urvantsev
2110:Vilkitsky
1963:Jeannette
1961:USS
1953:Jeannette
1917:Weyprecht
1895:Pakhtusov
1845:Chichagov
1838:D. Laptev
1781:Permyakov
1756:Stadukhin
1751:Perfilyev
1728:Mangazeya
1666:H. Larsen
1631:Rasmussen
1586:HMS
1557:USS
1506:HMS
1493:HMS
1457:Collinson
1447:HMS
1439:HMS
1417:HMS
1365:HMS
1350:HMS
1335:HMS
1320:Mackenzie
1307:Discovery
1305:HMS
1290:HMS
1262:Discovery
1241:Frobisher
1204:Rasmussen
1117:Gunnbjörn
1063:Greenland
992:USS
983:USS
855:Ellsworth
797:Roosevelt
727:Nansen's
684:Discovery
682:HMS
669:HMS
616:Abernethy
584:Marmaduke
282:Antarctic
229:heroism.
189:in 1931.
3570:A. Fuchs
3527:V. Fuchs
3507:McKinley
3470:E. Evans
3429:Bjaaland
3424:Amundsen
3374:Marshall
3287:Furneaux
3139:V. Fuchs
3103:E. Ronne
3098:F. Ronne
3037:Ritscher
2891:SY
2879:Filchner
2823:Framheim
2817:Amundsen
2623:Racoviță
2608:Amundsen
2603:Lecointe
2472:Ringgold
2466:Porpoise
2356:Furneaux
2192:Shevelev
2147:Begichev
2126:Amundsen
2088:Nagórski
2066:Brusilov
2060:Sv. Anna
1974:Melville
1944:Palander
1900:Tsivolko
1860:Sannikov
1855:Billings
1798:Chirikov
1717:Barentsz
1659:St. Roch
1650:Bartlett
1624:Amundsen
1608:Sverdrup
1508:Resolute
1397:Franklin
1325:Kotzebue
1192:Sverdrup
1175:Scoresby
1149:Lindenov
1000:Plaisted
985:Nautilus
930:Shirshov
904:Belyakov
899:Baydukov
873:Nautilus
835:Amundsen
795:SS
754:Sverdrup
749:Johansen
719:Brainard
714:Lockwood
569:Barentsz
462:Archived
268:and the
207:(DD-377)
90:Service/
3575:Messner
3522:Hillary
3502:Balchen
3450:Polheim
3444:Wisting
3322:Crozier
3294:Weddell
3272:J. Cook
3242:Kapitsa
3223:Fiennes
3165:Klenova
3134:Hillary
3084:Ketchum
3010:BANZARE
2985:·
2830:Polheim
2796:Shirase
2782:Charcot
2592:Belgica
2511:Crozier
2423:Morrell
2418:Weddell
2396:Lazarev
2341:J. Cook
2295:History
2245:Arktika
2221:Krassin
2206:Voronin
2178:Schmidt
2164:Ushakov
2103:Vaygach
2071:Albanov
2040:Rusanov
2021:Kolchak
2016:Matisen
1990:Makarov
1969:De Long
1870:Wrangel
1850:Lyakhov
1803:Malygin
1761:Dezhnev
1588:Pandora
1559:Advance
1526:Kennedy
1521:Belcher
1514:Kellett
1501:McClure
1425:Beechey
1419:Blossom
1412:Simpson
1380:Crozier
1373:Hoppner
1330:J. Ross
1298:J. Cook
1246:Gilbert
1139:J. Hall
1105:Ingólfr
1095:Naddodd
1089:Vikings
1076:Brendan
1071:Pytheas
1059:Iceland
1013:Arktika
1005:Herbert
970:Badygin
940:Krenkel
925:Papanin
894:Chkalov
880:Wilkins
845:Wisting
789:F. Cook
695:Markham
655:Bessels
644:Polaris
635:Polaris
606:J. Ross
589:Carolus
537:History
274:(AG-89)
253:. The
251:(AG-88)
234:Perkins
226:Perkins
222:Perkins
211:Perkins
205:Perkins
57: (
3485:Bowers
3480:Wilson
3439:Hassel
3434:Helmer
3403:Mackay
3393:Mawson
3358:Nimrod
3316:Terror
3301:Erebus
3228:Burton
3023:Rymill
2899:Mawson
2893:Aurora
2872:Lashly
2857:Wilson
2760:Nimrod
2737:Scotia
2544:Murray
2519:Cooper
2506:Terror
2488:Erebus
2457:Wilkes
2408:Palmer
2376:Vostok
2323:Bouvet
2247:-class
2227:Gakkel
2095:Taymyr
2076:Konrad
2045:Kuchin
1983:Yermak
1890:Lavrov
1808:Ovtsyn
1793:Bering
1771:Ivanov
1734:Hudson
1696:Pomors
1673:Cowper
1638:Karluk
1537:Isabel
1531:Bellot
1481:Austin
1449:Terror
1441:Erebus
1337:Griper
1313:Clerke
1273:Baffin
1256:Hudson
1187:Nansen
1100:Garðar
1021:Barneo
888:ANT-25
864:Italia
840:Nobile
809:Henson
768:Amedeo
744:Nansen
709:Greely
579:Hudson
517:Arctic
339:Awards
328:Legacy
272:Edisto
136:Awards
92:branch
81:
3565:Crary
3512:Dufek
3475:Oates
3465:Scott
3398:David
3379:Adams
3350:Barne
3171:Mirny
3160:Somov
2970:Quest
2867:Crean
2852:Scott
2731:Bruce
2685:Gauss
2678:Gauss
2552:Jason
2539:Nares
2413:Davis
2390:Mirny
2363:Smith
2318:Roché
2238:Lenin
2158:Sadko
2083:Wiese
2028:Sedov
1999:Zarya
1922:Payer
1885:Litke
1880:Anjou
1813:Minin
1776:Vagin
1766:Popov
1739:Poole
1594:Young
1407:Dease
1352:Hecla
1343:Parry
1268:Bylot
1251:Davis
1226:Cabot
1199:Peary
1181:Jason
1168:Egede
1082:Papar
994:Skate
975:Wiese
955:NP-37
948:NP-36
828:Norge
816:Sedov
804:Peary
762:Jason
677:Nares
671:Alert
626:Hayes
594:Parry
532:Ocean
280:, an
3497:Byrd
3418:Fram
3369:Wild
3051:Marr
3017:BGLE
3004:Byrd
2932:Wild
2811:Fram
2613:Cook
2134:AARI
2119:Maud
2006:Toll
1931:Vega
1617:Gjøa
1602:Fram
1565:Kane
1402:Back
1367:Fury
1358:Lyon
1280:Munk
919:NP-1
821:Byrd
738:Fram
729:Fram
621:Kane
270:USS
247:USS
203:USS
107:Rank
52:Died
40:Born
3194:3rd
3180:2nd
3154:1st
2987:IGY
2983:IPY
1573:Fox
1469:Rae
1035:Mir
1011:NS
3600::
2099:/
308:.
300:.
217:.
173:.
2576:"
2570:"
2513:)
2509:(
2500:)
2491:(
496:e
489:t
482:v
61:)
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