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524:, while those from elsewhere in Africa and Madagascar tended to work as farmhands and were not freed at the same rate. In the latter part of the 18th century, conversions to Islam of rural non-Asian slaves increased due to a Dutch colonial law that encouraged owners to educate their slaves in Christianity, and following their
632:
The Cape Malay identity can be considered the product of a set of histories and communities as much as it is a definition of an ethnic group. Since many Cape Malay people have found their Muslim identity to be more salient than their "Malay" ancestry, in some contexts, they have been described as
559:
of
Muslims, though they came from East Africa, Madagascar, and India as well as Indonesia, and established the moniker "Malay" for all Muslims at the Cape, irrespective of their geographic origins. By the 19th century, the term was used to describe anyone at the Cape who was a practising Muslim,
579:
were diminished due to the
British ban on slave imports in 1808, reducing the need to communicate with newcomers. Asian and non-Asian Muslims interacted socially despite the initial linguistic differences and gradually blended into a single community. In 1836, the British colonial authorities
477:, who resisted the company's rule in Southeast Asia, were exiled to South Africa. They were followed by slaves from other parts of Asia and Africa. Although it is not possible to accurately reconstruct the origins of slaves in the Cape, it has been estimated that roughly equal proportions of
548:
and began phasing out slavery in the first half of the 19th century, the newly freed non-Asian Muslim rural slaves moved to Cape Town, the only centre of
Islamic faith in the region. The South and Southeast Asians constituted the Muslim establishment in the colony, and the newly freed slaves
515:
Although the majority of slaves from
Southeast Asia were already Muslims, along with many Indians, those from Madagascar and elsewhere in Africa were not. The slaves from Asia tended to work in semi-skilled and domestic roles, and they made up a disproportionate share of 18th-century
739:
The founders of the Cape Malay community were the first to bring Islam to South Africa. The community's culture and traditions have also left an impact that is felt to this day. The Muslim community in Cape Town remains large and has expanded significantly since its inception.
1192:. This was welcomed by the Malaysian government and many others in the Southeast Asian region. Non-governmental organisations, such as the Federation of Malaysia Writers' Associations, have since set on linking up with the diasporic Cape Malay community.
688:), although black was also common, and more recently, other colours have become popular. The last fez-maker in Cape Town closed shop in March 2022; 76-year-old Gosain Samsodien had been making fezzes in his home factory in
1091:" of the musical subculture. The contest involves thousands of musicians and a wide variety of tunes, with all-male choirs from the Malay community competing for the prize. A 2009 documentary film directed by
1331:
378:
Although early members of the community were from the Dutch colonies of
Southeast Asia, by the 1800s, the term "Malay" encompassed all practising Muslims at the Cape regardless of origin. Since they used
752:
emerged among the enslaved community and later spread among colonial
European residents of Cape Town between the 1780s and the 1930s. A unique dialect formed during this period from a substrate of
528:, to allow them to buy their freedom. This consequently resulted in slave owners, fearful of losing their slaves, not enforcing Christianity amongst them. This, in turn, allowed Islamic
2238:
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684:(Islamic schools) in Cape Town. Effendi, in common with many Turkish Muslims, wore a distinctive red fez. Many Cape Malay men continue to wear the red fez (in particular the
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to ease communication between Asian and non-Asian
Muslims (who had adopted the Dutch used by their masters), and because the utility of Malay and the
1399:
633:"Cape Malay", or "Malays", and others as "Cape Muslim" by people both inside and outside of the community. Cape Malay ancestry includes people from
3298:
2224:
1587:
1649:
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359:. They are the descendants of enslaved and free Muslims from different parts of the world, specifically Indonesia (at that time known as the
1451:
591:, though the delineation of Malays and the remaining defined Coloured subgroups by government officials was often imprecise and subjective.
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1808:
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489:(Southeast Asians), and continental Africans were imported, with other estimates showing that the majority of slaves originated in
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1334:[Malay Minorities and Diaspora; Migration and Self Identity] (in Malay). Malay Civilization Seminar 1. Archived from
57:
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It is estimated that there are about 166,000 people in Cape Town who could be described as Cape Malay, and about 10,000 in
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2255:
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100:
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estimated that the Cape Malay population at the time was around 5,000 out of a total population for the Cape of 130,486.
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2000:
1113:
1116:(formerly known as the Coon Carnival) is a deep-rooted Cape Malay cultural event; it incorporates the comic song, or
3283:
2977:
2922:
2821:
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1232:"From Kitaab-Hollandsch to Kitaab-Afrikaans: The evolution of a non-white literary variety at the Cape (1856-1940)"
79:
2205:
2067:
645:" migrants to the Cape married into the Cape Malay community, with their children being classified as Cape Malay.
46:
3352:
2806:
2608:
1702:"Life and Contribution of Osmanli Scholar, Abu bakr Effendi, towards Islamic thought and Culture in South Africa"
1043:
482:
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162:
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1987:
436:
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Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en
Volkenkunde / Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences of Southeast Asia
1837:
1708:
1076:, and the words and music often reflect sadness and other emotions related to the effect of enslavement. The
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2636:
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1965:
1407:
1360:"Religious and secular Cape Malay Afrikaans: Literary varieties used by Shaykh Hanif Edwards (1906-1958)"
1140:), is also closely associated with Cape Malay music, along with other percussion instruments such as the
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1308:
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447:) as a resupply station for ships travelling between Europe and Asia, which developed into the city of
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1483:
Africanderisms; a glossary of South
African colloquial words and phrases and of place and other names
234:
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723:, were forcefully removed from their homes by the apartheid government and redistributed into
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452:
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1960:
1879:
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The
Population Registration Act and Popular Understandings of Race: A case study of Sydenham
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The Cape Malay community developed a characteristic musical style. This includes a secular
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and language of religious instruction, the community began to be referred to as Malays.
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in South Africa. Sheikh Madura was exiled in the 1740s and died on Robben Island; his
3403:
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2826:
2723:
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988:
873:
760:), from which all major Dutch East India Company shipments took place, combined with
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has been traditionally used mostly for marching or rhythmic songs known as the
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before they, among other South African people of diverse ethnicity, mainly
1610:"The Beginnings of Protest, 1860–1923 | South African History Online"
669:
2553:
2526:
2307:
2147:"Gapena and the Cape Malays: Initiating Connections, Constructing Images"
1287:"The Cape Malay:The Quest for 'Malay' Identity in Apartheid South Africa"
1106:
916:
681:
638:
625:) also known as Cape Muslims or simply Malays, are a Muslim community or
584:
474:
414:
1783:"Last of his kind: Traditional fez maker in Kensington hangs up his hat"
772:
influences. A significant number of this vocabulary has survived in the
3125:
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2059:
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1072:. The language and musical style of this genre reflects the history of
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Festival de Cine Africano de Tarifa / Tarifa African Film Festival
1037:
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from Southeast Asia who settled in the Bo-Kaap area of Cape Town.
466:
2197:"Conflict of Identities: The Case of South Africa's Cape Malays"
1188:
Connections between Malaysians and South Africans improved when
505:
3129:
2973:
2841:
2220:
1809:"1699 by Ebrahim Mahomed Mahida – South African History Online"
394:
area. The community played an important role in the history of
1641:
Cape Town: The Making of a City: an Illustrated Social History
1578:
1576:
29:
1673:"Ottoman descendants in South Africa get Turkish citizenship"
1264:"The Indonesian anti-colonial roots of Islam in South Africa"
2046:
Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported license
1638:
Worden, N.; Van Heyningen, E.; Bickford-Smith, V. (2004).
1332:"Melayu Minoriti dan Diaspora; Penghijrahan dan Jati Diri"
668:. At a time when most imams in the Cape were teaching the
1868:"; Lexical and phonological echoes of Malay in Cape Town"
1358:
Stell, Gerald; Luffin, Xavier; Rakiep, Muttaqin (2008).
2160:. Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia: 47–66. Archived from
2213:(formerly the Robben Island Mazaar (Kramat) Committee)
1475:
1473:
1319:. London: Hutchinson University Library. p. 47.
455:(present-day Indonesia), which formed a part of the
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2779:
2732:
2699:
2574:
2525:
2505:
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2263:
2254:
1515:"Race Classification Board: An appalling 'science'"
648:Muslim men in the Cape started wearing the Turkish
260:
248:
215:
185:
175:
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1446:
1444:
1431:"Bo-Kaap's complicated history and its many myths"
398:, and its culinary culture is an integral part of
1353:
1351:
1349:
1347:
1345:
1190:South Africa rejoined the international community
2202:Information about Cape Malay musical instruments
1584:"Cape Malay | South African History Online"
790:Cape equivalent, with attested Dutch ortography
553:used by the Asians. Thus, Malay was the initial
535:There were also skilled Muslim labourers called
1726:"Man demonstrates how a fez is made, Cape Town"
1517:. Heritage.thetimes.co.za. 2007. Archived from
1030:A Malay choir performs at a competition in the
616:
500:brought from Southeast Asia were imprisoned on
330:
141:
1872:Wacana, Journal of the Humanities of Indonesia
1757:"Watch: The Cape's last fez maker closes shop"
1180:, while the guitar is used for lyrical songs.
363:) and other Asian countries, who lived at the
3141:
2985:
2853:
2232:
1866:Kanala, tamaaf, tramkassie, en stuur krieslam
1633:
1631:
704:. The Malay Quarter of Cape Town is found on
8:
496:Many "Indiaanen" and "Mohammedaanen" Muslim
137:
2020:
2018:
1807:Mahida, Ebrahim Mahomed (13 January 2012).
1500:The British Colonial Library: In 12 volumes
431:Islam in South Africa § The VOC period
3148:
3134:
3126:
2992:
2978:
2970:
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2846:
2838:
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2239:
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2217:
504:. Among these were Tuan Guru, first chief
161:
136:
1954:
1952:
1900:"Bo-Kaap: o bairro colorido de Cape Town"
1883:
1375:
1247:
1010:are staples in many South African homes.
986:Adaptations of traditional foods such as
583:"Malay" was legally a subcategory of the
463:, which they held from 1641 until 1824.
413:"Malay" was legally a subcategory of the
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
2192:– early context for Cape Malay community
2122:"Musical instruments of the Cape Malays"
1813:History of Muslims in South Africa: 1652
781:
309:
3425:History of the Dutch East India Company
1927:"Faldela Williams lives on in cookbook"
1330:Wan Hashim Wan Teh (24 November 2009).
1201:
676:, Effendi was the first teacher of the
473:, a Makassarese noble and scholar from
2091:"Some unique Cape musical instruments"
564:having overtaken Malay as the group's
3410:South African people of Malay descent
2070:from the original on 24 February 2007
1586:. V1.sahistory.org.za. Archived from
1486:. Longmans, Green and Co. p. 51.
715:Many Cape Malay people also lived in
571:The community adopted Afrikaans as a
167:Cape Malay brides and bridesmaids in
7:
2154:SARI: Jurnal Alam Dan Tamadun Melayu
2120:Kirby, Percival R. (December 1939).
1959:De Waal, Shaun (16 September 2009).
1838:"History of Muslims in South Africa"
1156:). Stringed instruments include the
637:and Southeast Asia, Madagascar, and
186:Regions with significant populations
58:adding citations to reliable sources
2887:Australia (Cocos (Keeling) Islands)
2190:Official South African history site
2101:from the original on 11 August 2006
2058:Desai, Desmond (24 February 2007).
2033:(in French, Spanish, and English).
1543:South Africa: no easy path to peace
1128:. A barrel-shaped drum, called the
1068:type of Dutch origin, known as the
617:
451:. The Dutch had also colonised the
331:
1906:(in Portuguese). 15 September 2021
1497:Martin, Robert Montgomery (1836).
1236:Stellenbosch Papers in Linguistics
779:spoken by subsequent generations.
314:Bo-Kaap, Cape Town's Malay Quarter
25:
2089:Desai, Desmond (11 August 2006).
2037:(FCAT). May 2010. pp. 86–87.
1730:UCT Libraries Digital Collections
1546:. Methuen paperback. p. 73.
1014:wrote three cookbooks, including
3189:
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3096:
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3036:
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2952:
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2127:South African Journal of Science
2039:
1781:Landsberg, Ian (14 March 2022).
1755:Landsberg, Ian (17 March 2022).
408:initially using an Arabic script
192:
34:
1452:"Indian slaves in South Africa"
1285:Vahed, Goolam (13 April 2016).
1084:and is unique in South Africa.
756:spoken in Batavia (present-day
512:(shrine) is still there today.
390:Malays are concentrated in the
45:needs additional citations for
1929:. Johannesburg, South Africa:
1707:. pp. 7–8. Archived from
1406:. 27 July 2003. Archived from
1313:"Ch. VI: The Dutch at Malacca"
1289:. South African History Online
520:, who subsequently settled in
1:
2248:Ethnic groups in South Africa
1925:Lewis, Esther (27 May 2014).
1210:"Malay, Cape in South Africa"
1042:A Malay choir performs at an
641:descent. Later, Muslim male "
1824:South African History Online
439:established a colony at the
27:Ethnic group in South Africa
1961:"The Song remains the same"
1566:Vashna Jagarnath, June 2005
1242:. Stellenbosch University.
1184:International relationships
1120:(often also referred to as
1114:Cape Town Minstrel Carnival
1080:shows the influence of the
459:for several centuries, and
402:. Malays helped to develop
3441:
1309:Winstedt, Sir Richard Olof
1082:Arabesque style of singing
1053:
979:
685:
577:Malayo-Portuguese language
428:
3187:
3007:
2875:
1885:10.17510/wacana.v22i1.953
1862:Hoogervorst, Tom (2021).
1480:Pettman, Charles (1913).
1377:10.1163/22134379-90003687
1109:competing for the award.
976:, adapted from South Asia
549:subsequently adopted the
265:
253:
220:
190:
180:
160:
2195:Haron, Muhammed (2001).
2145:Haron, Muhammed (2005).
1503:. Mortimer. p. 125.
656:, an imam sent from the
603:Cape Malay flower-seller
437:Dutch East India Company
417:racial group during the
3341:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
1966:The Mail & Guardian
1734:University of Cape Town
1124:songs), as well as the
1087:The Silver Fez is the "
1046:-sponsored ceremony in
1016:The Cape Malay Cookbook
680:school and established
532:to convert the slaves.
406:as a written language,
1540:Leach, Graham (1987).
1317:Malaya and Its History
1230:Stell, Gerald (2007).
1051:
1035:
977:
806:to study with someone
664:to teach Islam in the
660:at the request of the
612:
604:
326:
315:
142:
1700:Argun, Selim (2000).
1074:South African slavery
1041:
1029:
982:South African cuisine
971:
674:Islamic jurisprudence
652:after the arrival of
602:
546:British took the Cape
429:Further information:
400:South African cuisine
396:Islam in South Africa
313:
261:Related ethnic groups
226:South African English
3384:Overseas Minangkabau
3299:United Arab Emirates
3157:Overseas Indonesians
1404:Robben Island Museum
54:improve this article
3415:Indonesian diaspora
2211:Cape Mazaar Society
2167:on 29 November 2016
1937:on 13 November 2016
1681:. 17 September 2020
1410:on 9 September 2005
1056:Ghoema Music Awards
1050:, Cape Town (2001).
1034:, Cape Town (2001).
903:farm or work boots
803:<banghoeroe>
783:
498:political prisoners
157:
3389:Overseas Moluccans
2044:Available under a
1714:on 31 August 2011.
1052:
1036:
978:
913:<tamploera>
900:<kaparrang>
782:
708:and is called the
605:
587:race group during
316:
3397:
3396:
3374:Overseas Javanese
3369:Overseas Acehnese
3123:
3122:
3001:Javanese diaspora
2967:
2966:
2835:
2834:
2521:
2520:
2048:. (See talk page)
1651:978-0-86486-656-1
1590:on 4 October 2011
1553:978-0-413-15330-2
961:
960:
870:<katonkel>
857:<djammang>
629:in South Africa.
607:The Cape Malays (
595:Cultural identity
453:Dutch East Indies
445:Dutch Cape Colony
441:Cape of Good Hope
361:Dutch East Indies
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1991:(text and video)
1988:"The Silver Fez"
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1933:. Archived from
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1644:. David Philip.
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1616:. 6 October 2011
1614:Sahistory.org.za
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1458:on 20 March 2008
1454:. Archived from
1448:
1439:
1438:
1429:Davis, Rebecca.
1426:
1420:
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1389:
1379:
1370:(2–3): 289–325.
1355:
1340:
1339:
1338:on 22 July 2011.
1327:
1321:
1320:
1305:
1299:
1298:
1296:
1294:
1282:
1276:
1275:
1273:
1271:
1266:. 25 August 2016
1260:
1254:
1253:
1251:
1227:
1221:
1220:
1218:
1216:
1206:
1105:, focuses on an
1032:Good Hope Centre
1012:Faldela Williams
885:<kewassa>
784:
654:Abu Bakr Effendi
643:Passenger Indian
620:
619:
469:figures such as
339:) also known as
334:
333:
243:Arabic Afrikaans
203:
198:
196:
195:
176:Total population
165:
158:
153:
145:
140:
125:
118:
114:
111:
105:
103:
62:
38:
30:
21:
3440:
3439:
3435:
3434:
3433:
3431:
3430:
3429:
3400:
3399:
3398:
3393:
3379:Overseas Malays
3357:
3324:
3303:
3230:
3194:
3185:
3159:
3154:
3124:
3119:
3109:
3107:
3097:
3095:
3085:
3083:
3073:
3071:
3061:
3059:
3049:
3047:
3037:
3035:
3025:
3023:
3013:
3011:
3003:
2998:
2968:
2963:
2953:
2951:
2941:
2939:
2929:
2927:
2917:
2915:
2905:
2903:
2893:
2891:
2881:
2879:
2871:
2869:Overseas Malays
2866:
2836:
2831:
2775:
2765:
2758:
2728:
2695:
2646:
2607:
2600:
2593:
2570:
2517:
2501:
2449:
2440:
2426:
2419:
2405:
2398:
2391:
2373:
2364:
2357:
2343:
2336:
2329:
2322:
2250:
2245:
2186:
2184:Further reading
2181:
2180:
2170:
2168:
2164:
2149:
2144:
2143:
2139:
2119:
2118:
2114:
2104:
2102:
2088:
2087:
2083:
2073:
2071:
2057:
2056:
2052:
2030:
2024:
2023:
2016:
2006:
2004:
1990:
1986:
1985:
1981:
1971:
1969:
1958:
1957:
1950:
1940:
1938:
1924:
1923:
1919:
1909:
1907:
1898:
1897:
1893:
1861:
1860:
1856:
1846:
1844:
1836:
1835:
1831:
1817:
1815:
1806:
1805:
1801:
1791:
1789:
1780:
1779:
1775:
1765:
1763:
1761:The Daily Voice
1754:
1753:
1749:
1739:
1737:
1724:
1723:
1719:
1711:
1704:
1699:
1698:
1694:
1684:
1682:
1671:
1670:
1666:
1656:
1654:
1652:
1637:
1636:
1629:
1619:
1617:
1608:
1607:
1603:
1593:
1591:
1582:
1581:
1574:
1565:
1561:
1554:
1539:
1538:
1534:
1524:
1522:
1513:
1512:
1508:
1496:
1495:
1491:
1479:
1478:
1471:
1461:
1459:
1450:
1449:
1442:
1428:
1427:
1423:
1413:
1411:
1398:
1397:
1393:
1357:
1356:
1343:
1329:
1328:
1324:
1307:
1306:
1302:
1292:
1290:
1284:
1283:
1279:
1269:
1267:
1262:
1261:
1257:
1249:10.5774/37-0-16
1229:
1228:
1224:
1214:
1212:
1208:
1207:
1203:
1198:
1186:
1168:(also known as
1062:
1024:
984:
966:
954:<tamaaf>
941:<panaar>
928:<oeroer>
842:<sambok>
787:Original Malay
746:
737:
698:
613:Kaapse Maleiers
597:
433:
427:
327:Kaapse Maleiers
228:
202:
193:
191:
171:
154:
147:
143:Kaapse Maleiers
139:
135:
126:
115:
109:
106:
63:
61:
51:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3438:
3436:
3428:
3427:
3422:
3420:Malay diaspora
3417:
3412:
3402:
3401:
3395:
3394:
3392:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3365:
3363:
3359:
3358:
3356:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3344:
3343:
3332:
3330:
3326:
3325:
3323:
3322:
3320:United Kingdom
3317:
3311:
3309:
3305:
3304:
3302:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3260:
3259:
3249:
3244:
3238:
3236:
3232:
3231:
3229:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3202:
3200:
3196:
3195:
3188:
3186:
3184:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3167:
3165:
3161:
3160:
3155:
3153:
3152:
3145:
3138:
3130:
3121:
3120:
3118:
3117:
3105:
3093:
3081:
3069:
3057:
3045:
3033:
3021:
3008:
3005:
3004:
2999:
2997:
2996:
2989:
2982:
2974:
2965:
2964:
2962:
2961:
2949:
2937:
2925:
2913:
2901:
2889:
2876:
2873:
2872:
2867:
2865:
2864:
2857:
2850:
2842:
2833:
2832:
2830:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2783:
2781:
2777:
2776:
2774:
2773:
2770:
2769:
2768:
2763:
2753:
2750:
2747:
2746:Telegu/Andhras
2744:
2738:
2736:
2730:
2729:
2727:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2709:Cape Coloureds
2705:
2703:
2697:
2696:
2694:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2652:
2651:
2648:Afrikaner-Jews
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2613:
2612:
2605:
2598:
2586:
2580:
2578:
2572:
2571:
2569:
2568:
2567:
2566:
2561:
2551:
2550:
2549:
2546:
2535:
2533:
2523:
2522:
2519:
2518:
2516:
2515:
2511:
2509:
2503:
2502:
2500:
2499:
2496:
2493:
2490:
2487:
2484:
2481:
2478:
2475:
2472:
2469:
2466:
2463:
2459:
2457:
2451:
2450:
2448:
2447:
2446:
2445:
2433:
2432:
2431:
2424:
2412:
2411:
2410:
2403:
2396:
2383:
2381:
2375:
2374:
2372:
2371:
2370:
2369:
2362:
2350:
2349:
2348:
2341:
2334:
2327:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2269:
2267:
2258:
2256:Bantu-speaking
2252:
2251:
2246:
2244:
2243:
2236:
2229:
2221:
2215:
2214:
2208:
2199:
2193:
2185:
2182:
2179:
2178:
2137:
2112:
2081:
2050:
2014:
2003:. 15 June 2009
1979:
1948:
1917:
1891:
1854:
1829:
1799:
1773:
1747:
1736:. 22 July 1970
1717:
1692:
1664:
1650:
1627:
1601:
1572:
1559:
1552:
1532:
1506:
1489:
1469:
1440:
1421:
1391:
1341:
1322:
1300:
1277:
1255:
1222:
1200:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1185:
1182:
1136:, or known as
1132:(also spelled
1126:nederlandslied
1102:The Silver Fez
1097:Shifty Records
1078:nederlandslied
1070:nederlandslied
1060:The Silver Fez
1023:
1020:
965:
962:
959:
958:
955:
952:
946:
945:
942:
939:
933:
932:
929:
926:
920:
919:
914:
911:
905:
904:
901:
898:
892:
891:
886:
883:
877:
876:
871:
868:
862:
861:
858:
855:
849:
848:
843:
840:
834:
833:
830:
829:<goeni>
827:
821:
820:
817:
814:
808:
807:
804:
801:
795:
794:
791:
788:
745:
742:
736:
733:
721:Cape Coloureds
697:
694:
692:for 25 years.
662:British Empire
658:Ottoman Empire
623:Arabies script
596:
593:
551:Malay language
426:
423:
306:
305:
291:Cape Coloureds
263:
262:
258:
257:
251:
250:
246:
245:
218:
217:
213:
212:
188:
187:
183:
182:
178:
177:
173:
172:
166:
133:
128:
127:
110:September 2024
42:
40:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3437:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3407:
3405:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3366:
3364:
3360:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3348:New Caledonia
3346:
3342:
3339:
3338:
3337:
3334:
3333:
3331:
3327:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3312:
3310:
3306:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3258:
3255:
3254:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3239:
3237:
3233:
3227:
3226:United States
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3216:French Guiana
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3203:
3201:
3197:
3192:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3168:
3166:
3162:
3158:
3151:
3146:
3144:
3139:
3137:
3132:
3131:
3128:
3116:
3106:
3104:
3094:
3092:
3082:
3080:
3070:
3068:
3067:New Caledonia
3058:
3056:
3046:
3044:
3043:French Guiana
3034:
3032:
3022:
3020:
3010:
3009:
3006:
3002:
2995:
2990:
2988:
2983:
2981:
2976:
2975:
2972:
2960:
2950:
2948:
2938:
2936:
2926:
2924:
2914:
2912:
2902:
2900:
2890:
2888:
2878:
2877:
2874:
2870:
2863:
2858:
2856:
2851:
2849:
2844:
2843:
2840:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2784:
2782:
2778:
2771:
2764:
2761:
2757:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2739:
2737:
2735:
2731:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2706:
2704:
2702:
2698:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2649:
2645:
2644:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2610:
2606:
2603:
2599:
2596:
2592:
2591:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2581:
2579:
2577:
2573:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2556:
2555:
2552:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2541:
2540:
2537:
2536:
2534:
2532:
2528:
2524:
2513:
2512:
2510:
2508:
2504:
2497:
2494:
2491:
2488:
2485:
2482:
2479:
2476:
2473:
2470:
2467:
2464:
2461:
2460:
2458:
2456:
2452:
2443:
2439:
2438:
2437:
2434:
2429:
2425:
2422:
2418:
2417:
2416:
2415:Pedi/N. Sotho
2413:
2408:
2404:
2401:
2397:
2394:
2390:
2389:
2388:
2385:
2384:
2382:
2380:
2376:
2367:
2363:
2360:
2356:
2355:
2354:
2351:
2346:
2342:
2339:
2335:
2332:
2328:
2325:
2321:
2320:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2270:
2268:
2266:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2253:
2249:
2242:
2237:
2235:
2230:
2228:
2223:
2222:
2219:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2194:
2191:
2188:
2187:
2183:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2148:
2141:
2138:
2133:
2129:
2128:
2123:
2116:
2113:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2085:
2082:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2054:
2051:
2047:
2042:
2036:
2029:
2028:
2021:
2019:
2015:
2002:
1998:
1997:
1989:
1983:
1980:
1968:
1967:
1962:
1955:
1953:
1949:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1921:
1918:
1905:
1901:
1895:
1892:
1886:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1867:
1858:
1855:
1843:
1839:
1833:
1830:
1825:
1814:
1810:
1803:
1800:
1788:
1784:
1777:
1774:
1762:
1758:
1751:
1748:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1721:
1718:
1710:
1703:
1696:
1693:
1680:
1679:
1674:
1668:
1665:
1653:
1647:
1643:
1642:
1634:
1632:
1628:
1615:
1611:
1605:
1602:
1589:
1585:
1579:
1577:
1573:
1569:
1563:
1560:
1555:
1549:
1545:
1544:
1536:
1533:
1520:
1516:
1510:
1507:
1502:
1501:
1493:
1490:
1485:
1484:
1476:
1474:
1470:
1457:
1453:
1447:
1445:
1441:
1436:
1432:
1425:
1422:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1395:
1392:
1387:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1354:
1352:
1350:
1348:
1346:
1342:
1337:
1333:
1326:
1323:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1304:
1301:
1288:
1281:
1278:
1265:
1259:
1256:
1250:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1226:
1223:
1211:
1205:
1202:
1195:
1193:
1191:
1183:
1181:
1179:
1178:ghommaliedjie
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1110:
1108:
1104:
1103:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1085:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1061:
1057:
1049:
1045:
1040:
1033:
1028:
1021:
1019:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1008:
1003:
1002:
997:
996:
991:
990:
983:
975:
970:
963:
956:
953:
951:
948:
947:
943:
940:
938:
935:
934:
930:
927:
925:
922:
921:
918:
915:
912:
910:
907:
906:
902:
899:
897:
894:
893:
890:
887:
884:
882:
879:
878:
875:
874:skipjack tuna
872:
869:
867:
864:
863:
859:
856:
854:
851:
850:
847:
844:
841:
839:
836:
835:
831:
828:
826:
823:
822:
818:
816:<piki>
815:
813:
810:
809:
805:
802:
800:
797:
796:
792:
789:
786:
785:
780:
778:
775:
771:
767:
763:
759:
755:
751:
748:A dialect of
743:
741:
734:
732:
730:
726:
722:
718:
713:
711:
707:
703:
695:
693:
691:
687:
683:
679:
675:
671:
667:
663:
659:
655:
651:
646:
644:
640:
636:
630:
628:
624:
614:
610:
601:
594:
592:
590:
586:
581:
578:
574:
573:lingua franca
569:
567:
566:lingua franca
563:
558:
557:
556:lingua franca
552:
547:
542:
540:
539:
533:
531:
530:proselytisers
527:
523:
519:
513:
511:
507:
503:
502:Robben Island
499:
494:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
462:
461:Dutch Malacca
458:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
432:
424:
422:
420:
416:
411:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
388:
386:
385:lingua franca
382:
376:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
351:community or
350:
346:
342:
338:
337:Arabic script
328:
324:
320:
312:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
259:
256:
252:
247:
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229:Historically
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155:Cape Muslims
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71: –
70:
69:"Cape Malays"
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
3274:Saudi Arabia
3181:South Africa
3180:
3091:South Africa
3090:
2947:South Africa
2946:
2935:Saudi Arabia
2713:
2379:Sotho-Tswana
2169:. Retrieved
2162:the original
2157:
2153:
2140:
2131:
2125:
2115:
2103:. Retrieved
2094:
2084:
2072:. Retrieved
2063:
2053:
2026:
2005:. Retrieved
1994:
1982:
1970:. Retrieved
1964:
1939:. Retrieved
1935:the original
1920:
1908:. Retrieved
1903:
1894:
1878:(1): 22–57.
1875:
1871:
1865:
1857:
1847:15 September
1845:. Retrieved
1841:
1832:
1822:– via
1816:. Retrieved
1812:
1802:
1790:. Retrieved
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1764:. Retrieved
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1738:. Retrieved
1729:
1720:
1709:the original
1695:
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1640:
1618:. Retrieved
1613:
1604:
1592:. Retrieved
1588:the original
1562:
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1523:. Retrieved
1519:the original
1509:
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1460:. Retrieved
1456:the original
1434:
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1408:the original
1403:
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1367:
1363:
1336:the original
1325:
1316:
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1291:. Retrieved
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1100:
1095:(founder of
1086:
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1063:
1048:District Six
1015:
1005:
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993:
987:
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949:
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909:tempat ludah
908:
895:
880:
866:ikan tongkol
865:
852:
837:
824:
811:
798:
747:
738:
717:District Six
714:
702:Johannesburg
699:
696:Demographics
686:Malay choirs
647:
631:
627:ethnic group
606:
582:
572:
570:
565:
554:
543:
536:
534:
518:manumissions
514:
495:
487:Insulindians
471:Sheikh Yusuf
465:
457:Dutch Empire
434:
412:
389:
384:
377:
357:South Africa
353:ethnic group
344:
341:Cape Muslims
340:
318:
317:
205:Western Cape
200:South Africa
169:South Africa
134:Ethnic group
131:
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
3353:New Zealand
3315:Netherlands
3284:South Korea
3269:Philippines
2923:Philippines
2792:Zimbabweans
2714:Cape Malays
2691:Zimbabweans
2661:Mozambicans
2564:Strandloper
2331:Gqunukhwebe
2171:28 November
2105:25 February
2074:25 February
1972:25 February
1941:13 November
1910:19 February
1818:19 February
1792:26 February
1766:26 February
1740:26 February
1685:26 February
1678:Daily Sabah
1657:23 February
1462:24 November
1414:25 February
1293:29 November
1112:The annual
1007:koeksisters
972:Cape Malay
706:Signal Hill
666:Cape Colony
319:Cape Malays
255:Sunni Islam
235:Makassarese
138:Cape Malays
3404:Categories
3257:Malaysians
3176:Madagascar
2822:Pakistanis
2755:Gujaratis
2676:Portuguese
2666:Norwegians
2602:Cape Dutch
2589:Afrikaners
2278:Mpondomise
2134:: 477–488.
2027:7ª Edición
1996:Al Jazeera
1842:Maraisburg
1620:6 November
1196:References
1170:skiffelbas
1154:tambourine
1099:,) called
1093:Lloyd Ross
1089:Holy Grail
1054:See also:
980:See also:
950:minta maaf
931:jellyfish
766:Hindustani
729:Cape Flats
690:Kensington
672:school of
544:After the
538:Mardijkers
491:Madagascar
479:Malagasies
283:Cape Dutch
80:newspapers
3336:Australia
3289:Sri Lanka
3279:Singapore
3242:Hong Kong
3103:Sri Lanka
3079:Singapore
3019:Australia
2959:Sri Lanka
2807:Nigerians
2701:Coloureds
2609:Huguenots
2468:N'walungu
1435:ewn.co.za
1386:0006-2294
1066:folk song
944:antidote
924:ubur-ubur
846:horsewhip
832:mountain
777:sociolect
774:Afrikaans
725:townships
682:madrassas
618:کاپز ملیس
609:Afrikaans
589:Apartheid
562:Afrikaans
449:Cape Town
419:apartheid
404:Afrikaans
392:Cape Town
332:کاپز ملیس
323:Afrikaans
222:Afrikaans
216:Languages
150:Afrikaans
3264:Pakistan
3252:Malaysia
3221:Suriname
3199:Americas
3115:Suriname
3055:Malaysia
2812:Japanese
2656:Lebanese
2637:Italians
2617:Angolans
2554:Khoekhoe
2480:Hlanganu
2428:Mabelane
2421:Balobedu
2407:Batlokwa
2308:Ndwandwe
2099:Archived
2068:Archived
2007:23 March
1400:"Kramat"
1311:(1951).
1270:11 April
1215:21 March
1150:tamarien
1107:underdog
1001:sosaties
974:samoosas
917:spittoon
896:kemparan
793:meaning
744:Language
639:Khoekhoe
585:Coloured
560:despite
475:Sulawesi
415:Coloured
347:, are a
299:Makassar
279:Malagasy
267:Javanese
249:Religion
3329:Oceania
2911:Myanmar
2817:Koreans
2802:Somalis
2797:Chinese
2734:Indians
2724:Oorlams
2719:Griquas
2622:Germans
2584:British
2462:Hlengwe
2400:Bataung
2393:Bakoena
2366:Khumalo
2324:Gcaleka
2293:Ndebele
2095:DMD EDU
2064:DMD EDU
2001:Witness
1238:(PDF).
1172:). The
1162:gom-gom
1158:ra'king
1142:rebanna
995:bobotie
964:Cuisine
937:penawar
889:to fast
860:toilet
799:berguru
758:Jakarta
735:Culture
727:on the
710:Bo-Kaap
670:Shafi`i
526:baptism
522:Bo-Kaap
483:Indians
467:Islamic
425:History
373:British
367:during
275:Indians
209:Gauteng
181:325,000
94:scholar
3362:Others
3308:Europe
3294:Taiwan
3211:Canada
3206:Brazil
3164:Africa
2780:Others
2772:Koknis
2766:Surtis
2760:Memons
2742:Tamils
2627:Greeks
2576:Whites
2498:Thonga
2495:Ndzawu
2489:Dzonga
2483:Nhlave
2477:Rhonga
2471:Gwamba
2455:Tsonga
2442:Balete
2436:Tswana
2345:Xesibe
2313:Thembu
2060:"Home"
1648:
1594:12 May
1570:, p.9.
1550:
1525:12 May
1384:
1174:ghomma
1164:, and
1148:) and
1146:rebana
1134:ghomma
1130:ghoema
1122:ghoema
1118:moppie
1004:, and
989:bredie
957:sorry
853:jamban
838:cambuk
825:gunung
819:to go
770:Arabic
768:, and
754:Betawi
678:Hanafi
510:kramat
375:rule.
349:Muslim
345:Malays
303:Madura
271:Malays
197:
146:
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
18:Ghoema
3247:Japan
3171:Egypt
3031:Egypt
2899:Egypt
2787:Lemba
2749:Hindi
2686:Turks
2681:Serbs
2671:Poles
2632:Irish
2595:Boers
2544:ǃKung
2514:Ngona
2507:Venda
2474:Tswha
2359:Fingo
2338:Gaika
2318:Xhosa
2303:Swazi
2298:Pondo
2288:Hlubi
2283:Fengu
2273:Bhaca
2265:Nguni
2206:music
2165:(PDF)
2150:(PDF)
2132:XXXVI
2031:(PDF)
1712:(PDF)
1705:(PDF)
1166:besem
1022:Music
881:puasa
812:pergi
762:Tamil
750:Malay
635:South
443:(the
421:era.
383:as a
381:Malay
369:Dutch
295:Bugis
287:Dutch
239:Dutch
231:Malay
101:JSTOR
87:books
3235:Asia
2827:Roma
2752:Urdu
2642:Jews
2559:Nama
2548:ǀXam
2529:and
2527:Khoi
2492:Copi
2486:Bila
2465:Xika
2353:Zulu
2204:and
2173:2016
2107:2023
2076:2023
2009:2012
1974:2023
1943:2016
1912:2023
1904:Viin
1849:2017
1820:2023
1794:2023
1768:2023
1742:2023
1687:2023
1659:2023
1646:ISBN
1622:2011
1596:2013
1548:ISBN
1527:2013
1464:2011
1416:2023
1382:ISSN
1295:2016
1272:2022
1217:2022
1138:dhol
1058:and
506:imam
435:The
371:and
365:Cape
73:news
2539:San
2531:San
1931:IOL
1880:doi
1787:IOL
1372:doi
1368:163
1244:doi
1044:ANC
650:fez
621:in
355:in
343:or
335:in
56:by
3406::
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2062:.
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1993:.
1963:.
1951:^
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1874:.
1870:.
1864:""
1840:.
1811:.
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1472:^
1443:^
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