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earth during the month-long occasion. This means that practitioners take extra precautions and caution others of making important decisions when it comes to relationships, professions, businesses, and finances. People avoid practices like, making life-changing decisions, getting married or engaged, starting new businesses, moving to a new home, traveling, signing contracts, making impulsive major financial decisions, committing to big professional projects, inaugurations, buying or selling off high priced possessions such as cars, phones, or real estate properties, staying late out at night especially kids and elderlies, making noise or whistling at night, leaving food or hanging clothes out after sunset and leaving them overnight since their human-like shape may invite spirits, or even taking pictures at night, wearing black clothes, tapping people on the head or shoulders as it may affect their luck, picking up coins or strange items you find since these may belong to the dead, or even constantly talking to oneself, or going to cemeteries alone, or answering unknown whispers or sobbing, or being constantly close to bodies of water, or constantly talking about ghosts or death. Besides these many avoidances, practitioners also make offerings and prayers for the souls of the dead, such as burning
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vassa. From ancient times to even today, the monastic community of Tibet, Nepal and
Southeast Asia still follow this schedule to observe vassa. This custom was also transmitted to China which does not have a rainy season, the calendar and dates preserved unchanged from the original but instead of using the ancient Indian calendar, the lunar Chinese calendar is used. In China, Japan, the Korean peninsula and other East Asian regions, vassa starts on the fourth month of the lunar Chinese calendar (May (in the Gregorian calendar) and lasts 3 months.' .
42:
1177:. Joss paper items are believed to have value in the afterlife, considered to be very similar in some aspects to the material world. Families pay tribute to wandering ghosts of strangers so that these homeless souls do not intrude on their lives and bring misfortune. A large feast is held for the ghosts on the day of the ghost festival or thereabouts, when people bring samples of food and place them on an altar or outside a temple or house, to please the ghosts and ward off bad luck.
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2136:(T. 16, no. 686, 780a20), indicates clearly that this sutra is not apocryphal but a genuine translation, because only somebody who knew the original Indian form was able to transliterate it thus correctly into Chinese. In conclusion, I assume that this sutra is not apocryphal, but a translation from an Indian text translated by Dharmarakṣa or somebody else in pre-Kumārajīva times .
1551:. The first day of the month is marked by opening the gate of a temple, symbolizing the gates of hell. On the twelfth day, lamps on the main altar are lit. On the thirteenth day, a procession of lanterns is held. On the fourteenth day, a parade is held for releasing water lanterns. Incense and food are offered to the spirits to deter them from visiting homes and
2159:'Both the East Asian Urabon and Southeast Asian Wan Ok Phansa are celebrated on the 15th day of the seventh month, the day of Pravāraṇā just as it was promulgated in Lord Buddha's time (in Japan, this matter is not known to people). In Southeast Asian countries, they use the ancient Indian calendar as opposed to East Asian countries where they use the
1527:, and laying out food like fruits and drinks on home or temple altars or cemetery tombs or graves or mausoleums of deceased relatives that people during this month also start to visit. Some people also start to hold memorial services to deceased relatives or ancestors held either at home or at a Chinese temple, a church or
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or hungry ghost realm. She was in a wasted condition and
Maudgalyayana tried to help her by giving her a bowl of rice. Unfortunately as a preta, she was unable to eat the rice as it was transformed into burning coal. Maudgalyayana then asks the Buddha to help him; whereupon Buddha explains how one
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and is viewed as a time for the pardoning of condemned souls who are released from hell. The "homeless" should be "fed" and appeased with offerings of food. Merits for the living are also earned by the release of birds and fish. The lunar month in which the festival takes place is colloquially known
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which are then transformed back into the equivalent goods in the world of the hungry ghosts. The offering that is offered on the seventh day, comes a day after personalized food offerings are given in the garden to the spirit of the deceased relative, which occurs on the sixth day. The deceased who
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as a sizable amount of investors stop investing and put off their investments for later dates past the occasion. Generally, those who observe it find it to be a very unlucky time of the year, as traditional belief states that the souls of dead relatives, wandering souls or vengeful spirits roam the
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hold ceremonies to relieve ghosts from suffering, many of them holding ceremonies in the afternoon or at night (as it is believed that the ghosts are released from hell when the sun sets). Altars are built for the deceased and priests and monks alike perform rituals for the benefit of ghosts. Monks
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is burnt in front of the doors of households. Incense stands for prosperity in
Chinese culture, so families believe that there is more prosperity in burning more incense. During the festival, some shops are closed as they want to leave the streets open for the ghosts. In the middle of each street
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Fourteen days after the festival, to make sure all the hungry ghosts find their way back to hell, people float water lanterns and set them outside their houses. These lanterns are made by setting a lotus flower-shaped lantern on a paper boat. The lanterns are used to direct the ghosts back to the
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In some East Asian countries today, live performances are held and everyone is invited to attend. The first row of seats are always empty as this is where the ghosts sit. The shows are always put on at night and at high volumes as the sound is believed to attract and please the ghosts. Some shows
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English
Translation: 'From the Buddhist viewpoint, based on the Ancient Indian calendar (New Years is in the middle of March to the middle of April ) the 15th day of the fourth month (June to July ) or the 15th day of the fifth month (July to August ) is the start of three month period called
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On p. 302 'Although this sutra has often been regarded as apocryphal , the contents and ideas in it are well rooted in India as we have seen above. In addition to that, the vocabulary and usage of
Chinese words are more archaic, compared with Kumārajīva's corpus (401-413 CE), while they
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are opened up and ghosts are free to roam the earth where they seek food and entertainment. These ghosts are believed to be spirits of those without descendants (or, traditionally, without descendants in the male line) or whose descendants did not pay tribute to them after they died. They are
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form of material items such as clothes, gold, and other fine goods for the visiting spirits of the ancestors. Elaborate meals (often vegetarian) would be served with empty seats for each of the deceased in the family treating the deceased as if they are still living. Ancestor worship is what
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in
Chinese, is a ceremony held at the end of the three-month rainy season retreat by Buddhist monks. In Theravada Buddhism and in Nepal, it was and is still held on the full moon day of the seventh or eight month. i.e. Āśvina (September–October) or Kārttika (October–November)
1406:(Scrambling prayer). Observers gather around temples and bring an offering to a spirit who died in an unlucky way, and after that, they distribute it to the poor. The way people scramble the offerings is the origin of the festival name, and the festival is mostly known in
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In Sri Lanka, food offerings are made to the hungry ghosts on the seventh day, three months and one year after the death day of a deceased person. It is a ceremony conducted after death as part of traditional Sri Lankan
Buddhist funeral rites and is known as
2388:. New Jersey: Princeton University Press: 1988. Hungry ghosts, by contrast, are a much more exceptional case, and would only occur in very unfortunate circumstances, such as if a whole family were killed or when a family no longer venerated their ancestors.
1329:). They are performed by groups of singers, dancers, entertainers, and opera troops or puppet shows on a temporary stage that is set up within a residential district. The festival is funded by the residents of each individual district. During these
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in order to escape the Yuan troops, celebrated the Ghost
Festival one day earlier, in order to escape disaster they fled southward. Since that time and continuing today, the date of the Ghost Festival changed to the 14th day of the 7th month'
1906:, is the Japanese version of the Ghost Festival. It has since been transformed over time into a family reunion holiday during which people from the big cities return to their home towns and visit and clean the resting places of their ancestors.
959:
distinguishes
Qingming Festival from Ghost Festival because the latter includes paying respects to all deceased, including the same and younger generations, while the former only includes older generations. Other festivities may include
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occurs generally in
September or October. Cambodians pay their respects to deceased relatives up to seven generations. The gates of hell are believed to open during this period and many people make offerings to these hungry ghosts.
1929:, it is celebrated as in China, on the 15th day of the 7th lunar month. In 2019, Obon was held on the same date in Kansai, Okinawa, and the Amami Islands, as August 15 on that year, was also the 15th day of the 7th lunar month.
1631:
In modern times, Vu Lan is also seen as Parents' Day. People with living parents would bear a red rose and would give thanks while those without can choose to bear a white rose; and attend services to pray for the deceased.
1164:. It also falls at the same time as a full moon, the new season, the fall harvest, the peak of Buddhist monastic asceticism, the rebirth of ancestors, and the assembly of the local community. During this month, the gates of
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the front row is left empty for the special guests—the ghosts. It is known to be bad luck to sit on the front row of red seats, if anyone were to sit on them, they would become sick or similarly ailed.
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usually occurs in September each year and goes on for two weeks. During this period, it is believed that hungry ghosts are freed from hell and enter the world of the living. A second festival known as
1490:) and paper-based goods like paper house, paper horse, paper car, etc., which will end up being burned as it is believed that burned goods will be sent to help the spirits feel better in afterlife.
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1821:, is an annual event in Japan on the 15th day of the 7th month, when people give gifts, especially to their superiors. Originally it was an annual event for giving gifts to the ancestral spirits.
946:, where traditionally the filial piety of descendants extends to their ancestors even after their deaths. Activities during the month would include preparing ritualistic food offerings, burning
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2200:'對佛教徒來說，自古印度年曆（元旦相當於公曆三月中至四月中）四月十五日（公曆六至七月）或五月十五日（公曆七至八月）開始的三個月是雨安居。直至今天，西藏、尼泊爾、東南亞地區的僧人依然在此期間行雨安居。這一習俗也傳到沒有雨季的中國大陸中原地域，年曆和數字被原封不動地保留下來，但由印度年曆變為中國太陰曆。在中國、日本、朝鮮半島等東亞地區，雨安居從陰曆四月（公曆五月）開始，持續三個月。
1778:. Like related festivals and traditions in other parts of Asia, the deceased are believed to come back to earth for fifteen days and people make offerings to them. The festival is known as
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and celebrations typically last over two weeks, often in the form of specific food and religious offerings along with festivities. The festival date is often calculated according to the
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and is in part the basis behind the practice of the concept in Theravadin societies. The concept of offering food to the hungry ghosts is also found in early Buddhist literature, in the
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to ward off the floating spirits. The rite is also practiced in Thailand and Myanmar and is also practiced during the Ghost Festival that is observed in other Asian countries.
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is also burnt as an offering. During the month, people avoid surgery, buying cars, swimming, moving house, marrying, whistling, and going out or taking pictures after dark.
2152:東アジアの盂蘭盆と東南アジアのワン・オ一クパンサーなどは、いずれも、釈尊の時代に規定された様に七月十五日の自恣の日を祝っているのだが（日本ではこのことはすでに意識されていない）、東南アジアでは古代インドの暦に基づいて行われるのに対し、東アジアでは、中国の太陰暦に従っているので、ニケ月の差があり、これらが同一の行事ということに気付く人は少ない。
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Images and a documentary film by Ingmar Heise and Han Zhang "The Spirit's Happy Days: Buddhist Festivals for the Dead in Southeast China" can be downloaded there.
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says that if the ancestors are content with the shraddhas, they will bestow health, wealth, knowledge and longevity, and ultimately heaven and salvation (
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931:(in autumn) in which living descendants pay homage to their deceased ancestors, during Ghost Festival, the deceased are believed to visit the living.
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shows. Traditionally Chinese opera was the main source of entertainment but the newer shows, concerts, dramas, wars, and so forth are referred to as
1073:), which usually occurs on the 15th day of the seventh month whereby the monastic community transfers the merits to the deceased parents, etc.,
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is able to assist one's current parents and deceased parents in this life and in one's past seven lives by willingly offering food, etc., to the
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also play a role in the rise of the concept in the Theravada tradition. Similarly to the rise of the concept in Mahayana Buddhism, a version of
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gave rise to the idea of offering food to the hungry ghosts in the Theravada tradition as a form of merit-making. In stories published in the
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Concert-like performances are a prominent feature of the Ghost Festival in Singapore and Malaysia. Those live concerts are popularly known as
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and uses his newfound powers to search for his deceased parents. Maudgalyayana discovers that his deceased mother was reborn into the
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which its observance has since spread to other Filipinos that have become aware of it, since it reverberates economically through the
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3955:, Bukkyō Dendō Kyōkai English Tripitaka Series, Berkeley: Numata Center for Buddhist Translation and Research, pp. 17–44,
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says, "there is no salvation for a man without a son". The scriptures preach that a householder should propitiate ancestors
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Annual Report of the International Research Institute for Advance Buddhology at Soka University for the Academic Year 2012
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This article is about the Chinese festival and its related traditions. For the festival in the Thai province of Loei, see
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is celebrated between September and October in Thailand especially in southern Thailand, particularly in the province of
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of Indonesia, ancestors who have died and cremated are said to return to visit their former homes. This day is known as
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2163:. As there is a two month difference between the two calendars, few people realized that the two are the same event.'
2127:(EH pat γwa la > MC pwât γwâ lâ} of Skt. pravāra (ṇā), which only occurs in this sutra and its adaptation, i.e. the
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and priests often throw rice or other small foods into the air in all directions to distribute them to the ghosts.
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desperately hungry, thirsty, and restless as a result. Family members offer food and drink to the ghosts and burn
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1913:, Obon has existed in Japan for more than 500 years. In modern Japan, it is held on July 15 in the eastern part (
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2096:'The Ghost Festival originally was on the 15th day of the 7th month in the lunar calendar, but during the late
1455:) like those in Malaysia and Singapore, and there are also times when observers conduct Tomb sweeping known as
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on water, which signifies giving directions to the lost ghosts and spirits of the ancestors and other deities.
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would perform rituals to transmute and absolve the sufferings of the deceased. Intrinsic to the Ghost Month is
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around August to September. The month-long observances are mostly traditionally practiced and originated by
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860:), the Ghost Festival is on the 15th night of the seventh month (14th in parts of southern China).
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resemble greatly the translations by Dharmarakṣa (fl. 265?-311 CE). Moreover, the transliteration
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As a Buddhist festival: The origin story of the modern Ghost Festival, ultimately originated from
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On the fifteenth day the realms of Heaven and Hell and the realm of the living are open and both
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3546:"Ancestors - Dictionary definition of Ancestors | Encyclopedia.com: FREE online dictionary"
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Buddhist Rituals of Death and Rebirth: Contemporary Sri Lankan Practice and Its Origins
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4056:[The Real Meaning of Urabon –The Solution to a 1400 Year Misunderstanding],
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3332:"Visitors from hell: transformative hospitality to ghosts in a Lao Buddhist festival"
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underworld, and when they go out, it symbolizes that they have found their way back.
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1609:- the month of lonely spirits, and believed to be haunted and particularly unlucky.
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Pearce, Callum (2013). "Buddhist funeral cultures of Southeast Asia and China".
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Hong Kong University Library Digital Archives Oral History Project of Hong Kong
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Investigation of Ghost Month - Zhong Yuan, Ullambana and Hungry Ghost Festivals
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countries, related traditions, ceremonies, and festivals also occur. Like its
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1030:), which the name "Zhong Yuan" comes from. The festival flourished during the
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1181:-shaped lanterns are lit and set afloat in rivers to symbolically guide lost
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Bandō, Shōjun, ed. (2005), "The Ullambana Sutra (Taishō Vol. 16, No. 685)",
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stands an altar of incense with fresh fruit and sacrifices displayed on it.
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BC. The Petavatthu account is broadly similar to that later recorded in the
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As a Taoist festival: Taoism has the "Three Yuan" theory (representing the
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Ritual: Magical Celebrations of Nature and Community from Around the World
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867:, the fifteenth day of the seventh month in the lunar calendar is called
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3992:] (in Traditional Chinese), Hong Kong: Chung Hwa Books (Hong Kong),
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Sacred Biography in the Buddhist Traditions of South and Southeast Asia
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c.f. p 301 for derivation of Yulan from Middle Indic (Gandhari) *olana.
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2822:
2740:"Lifestyle: The Budgetarian: Money Do's and Don'ts during Ghost Month"
2559:"Hungry Ghost Festival". Essortment, 2002. Retrieved 20 October 2008.
1782:
to differentiate it from the Chinese Ghost Festival which is known as
1650:-origins in Mahayana Buddhist countries, the Theravada scripture, the
5739:
5694:
4737:
4580:
4476:
4203:
Zhong Yuan Jie (Hungry Ghost Festival) - INTANGIBLE CULTURAL HERITAGE
2874:
1985:
1961:
1918:
1890:
1871:: placing candle-lit lanterns for the dead into flowing water during
1838:
1591:
1540:
1446:
1295:
1213:
1062:
1012:
884:
833:
63:
47:
3041:
Discovering Craft Villages in Vietnam: Ten Itineraries Around Hà Nội
2078:
Chow, page 4, quoting 1783 Qianlong era "Annals of Guishan County" (
1722:. During this period, food offerings are made to the hungry ghosts.
1459:
to respect ancestor spirits and garner luck. This is done by buying
3331:
2777:"Lifestyle: Why Does *Everything* Seem To Stop During Ghost Month?"
5451:
4915:
4876:
4570:
4273:
2105:
1969:
1862:
1745:
1673:, where Maudgalyayana is replaced by Sariputta is recorded in the
1611:
1580:
1562:
1271:
1258:
1244:
1236:
1202:
1151:
1070:
1057:
999:
919:
1585:
Buddhists and monks prepare to water lanterns on the occasion of
5619:
4881:
3704:
3702:
2979:"Ghost Month effects cause Taiwan car sales to plunge in August"
2539:. San Francisco: China Books & Periodicals. pp. 71–79.
1997:
1872:
1415:
1182:
1165:
913:
114:
5326:
4919:
4246:
1567:
Various food items being sacrificed for the wandering souls in
1616:
A white and a red rose issued to guests at a Lễ Vu Lan service
1539:
Traditionally, it is believed that ghosts haunt the island of
692:
516:
4115:(in Traditional Chinese) (114), translated by Qiu, Yun Qing (
2089:鬼節原是農曆七月十五，但元末明初之際，有言客家為了躲避元兵，提前一日過節，以便南下走難，自此鬼節就變成七月十四，流傳至今。
802:
785:
771:
492:
475:
461:
5322:
2897:
1160:
The Ghost Festival is held during the seventh month of the
117:
and Heaven, permitting all ghosts to receive food and drink
4225:"The Hungry Ghosts Festival in Aberdeen Street, Hong Kong"
3670:
Japanese Mind: Understanding Contemporary Japanese Culture
3080:
Gods and Rollercoasters: Religion in Theme Parks Worldwide
1052:. The sutra records the time when Maudgalyayana achieves
2918:"13 unlucky taboos to evade during Ghost Month in Taiwan"
2863:
1768:
In Thailand, a fifteen-day-long annual festival known as
1695:
In Cambodia, a fifteen-day-long annual festival known as
666:
652:
437:
423:
1543:
for the entire seventh lunar month, when the mid-summer
2949:"Hungry Ghost Festival 2022: 7 Things You Shouldn't Do"
1506:, as it affects the entire seventh lunar month of the
903:) and the seventh month is generally regarded as the
4232:
Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society Hong Kong Branch
3253:
Tibetan Rituals of Death: Buddhist Funerary Practices
631:
615:
601:
587:
477:
Tiong-guân-tseh / Tiong-guân-tsueh / Tiong-guân-tsiat
463:
Tiong-goân-cheh / Tiong-goân-choeh / Tiong-goân-chiat
381:
367:
353:
339:
4197:
The Bristol University Buddhist Death Ritual Project
4027:
Karashima, Seishi (2013a), "The Meaning of Yulanpen
2404:(in Chinese) (1st ed.). Taipei: 將門文物出版社. 2001.
2000:
and some parts of Indonesia, particularly among the
5707:
5668:
5608:
5599:
5542:
5502:
5412:
5362:
5251:
5211:
4953:
4842:
4819:
4771:
4717:
4691:
4666:
4650:
4555:
4507:
4396:
4373:
4364:
4293:
793:
779:
762:
755:
747:
741:
734:
729:
709:
704:
683:
676:
660:
646:
639:
625:
609:
595:
581:
574:
569:
549:
533:
528:
507:
500:
483:
469:
452:
445:
431:
417:
410:
402:
396:
389:
375:
361:
347:
333:
326:
321:
309:
293:
277:
256:
176:
168:
160:
152:
144:
136:
121:
109:
88:
80:
55:
34:
2887:Taiwan's Ghost Festival and Other Religious Events
2584:Chinese Festivals: Traditions, Customs and Rituals
2453:
2451:
2317:"Chinese Ghost Festival - "the Chinese Halloween""
1960:, to ensure that the soul of the ancestor goes to
1636:Related Buddhist traditions in other parts of Asia
1205:. These acts are better known as "Merry-making".
1342:In Indonesia, the festival is popularly known as
1148:. The red seats in front are reserved for ghosts.
1140:A young girl performing during Ghost Festival in
3793:. The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc. p. 247.
3667:Davies, Roger J.; Ikeno, Osamu (June 14, 2011).
3009:"Taiwan Quick Take: Ghost Month fuels surgeries"
2052:, Hokkien: Kow Ong Yah, Cantonese: Kow Wong Yeh)
1628:, the Vietnamese transliteration for Ullambana.
3866:"Galungan and Kuningan in Bali - Bali Magazine"
2537:Mooncakes and Hungry Ghosts: Festivals of China
2396:
2394:
1933:Related Hindu traditions in other parts of Asia
218:, សែនក្បាលទឹក (observed by Chinese-Cambodians)
4085:
4047:
4028:
3832:. Asian Educational Services. pp. 15–17.
3424:Buddhism: Buddhism in South and Southeast Asia
3336:Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute
2150:
1830:
1814:
5338:
4931:
4258:
4116:
4108:
4101:
4091:
4058:
3979:
3038:Fanchette, Sylvie; Stedman, Nicholas (2009).
2319:. Peoples Daily (English). October 30, 2009.
2198:
2181:
2175:
2131:
2122:
2087:
2079:
715:
555:
539:
299:
283:
8:
4131:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
4075:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
3892:"Balinese ceremonies: Galungan and Kuningan"
3790:The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Zen Buddhism
3612:"Thailand Events & Festivals of October"
2586:(Second ed.). Beijing. pp. 46–49.
844:, is a traditional festival held in certain
4113:(Journal of Chinese Literature and History)
2345:. Massachusetts: Wisdom Publications: 1998.
113:To commemorate the opening of the gates of
5605:
5345:
5331:
5323:
4938:
4924:
4916:
4370:
4265:
4251:
4243:
3787:Ph.D, Helen J. Baroni (January 15, 2002).
3291:"Caring for the Dead Ritually in Cambodia"
2606:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2291:"Culture insider - China's ghost festival"
1502:, the occasion is more popularly known as
1156:Chinese lotus lanterns floating in a river
726:
566:
318:
266:
31:
3379:
3377:
2620:"Chinese Culture: Hungry Ghost Festival"
2721:"Why August is called the "Ghost Month""
2644:
2642:
2640:
2638:
2636:
1917:) and on August 15 in the western part (
1744:do not reach the proper afterworld, the
1718:occurs directly after the conclusion of
1135:
963:and releasing miniature paper boats and
16:Traditional Buddhist and Taoist festival
5913:Observances set by the Chinese calendar
3400:. Macmillan Reference USA. p. 21.
2519:. New York: H. Wolff. pp. 129–133.
2217:
2071:
1909:Traditionally including a dance called
993:The name relates to the concept of the
4124:
4068:
3596:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
3589:
3530:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
3523:
3480:from the original on December 20, 2016
3383:
3270:from the original on December 20, 2016
3250:Gouin, Margaret (September 10, 2012).
3231:from the original on February 11, 2017
3200:from the original on February 18, 2006
3171:from the original on February 12, 2017
3083:. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 153.
2759:"Opinion: Filipino Hungry Ghost Month"
2599:
2496:
2484:
1739:. The offerings that are made acquire
997:, the Chinese translation of the term
927:(or Tomb Sweeping Day, in spring) and
253:
5933:Buddhist festivals in the Philippines
3618:from the original on February 6, 2017
3578:from the original on February 7, 2017
3552:from the original on February 6, 2017
2738:Dy-Zulueta, Dolly (January 5, 2024).
2648:"Ghost Festival" ChinaVoc 2001–2007,
2366:from the original on December 4, 2018
2323:from the original on November 7, 2017
2297:from the original on November 7, 2017
2236:from the original on October 19, 2017
2232:. China Internet Information Center.
2012:and typically occurs every 210 days.
272:Food offerings for the Ghost Festival
7:
4168:The Ghost Festival in Medieval China
3846:from the original on August 30, 2023
3807:from the original on August 30, 2023
3768:from the original on August 30, 2023
3748:Car, Nikki Van De (March 14, 2023).
3729:from the original on August 30, 2023
3687:from the original on August 30, 2023
3441:from the original on August 30, 2023
3097:from the original on August 30, 2023
3058:from the original on August 30, 2023
2386:The Ghost Festival in Medieval China
1824:One of the three days that form the
1422:also conduct live concerts known as
1120:, although it concerns the disciple
1096:) are much older, deriving from the
46:A paper effigy of the Ghost King in
4106:"Rice Bowl" On Pravāraṇā Day],
3709:Morton, Lisa (September 15, 2015).
3648:from the original on March 26, 2023
3386:, pp. 153, 155, 173, 187, 191.
3311:from the original on April 20, 2019
3077:Paine, Crispin (January 10, 2019).
3019:from the original on March 26, 2023
2989:from the original on March 26, 2023
2959:from the original on March 26, 2023
2928:from the original on March 26, 2023
2436:from the original on March 26, 2023
1233:Celebrations in other parts of Asia
5858:Festivals in Chinese folk religion
3829:Hindu feasts, fasts and ceremonies
3289:Holt, John Clifford (April 2012).
2757:Beltran, Cito (October 27, 2023).
2701:from the original on July 26, 2018
2675:from the original on July 26, 2018
2515:(1952). "The Feast of the Souls".
1197:, dramas, and in some areas, even
1069:(the end of the monsoon season or
14:
5903:Observances held on the full moon
3924:from the original on July 3, 2019
3898:from the original on July 3, 2019
3872:from the original on July 3, 2019
3460:Harding, John S (June 17, 2013).
3362:from the original on May 10, 2017
1964:. In this context, the scripture
23:. For the festival in Nepal, see
5948:Religious festivals in Sri Lanka
5943:Religious festivals in Singapore
5797:
5796:
5306:
5297:
5296:
4900:
4899:
3348:10.1111/j.1467-9655.2012.01765.x
2795:"Starweek Magazine: Ghost Month"
1670:Maudgalyayana Rescues His Mother
1253:during Hungry Ghost Festival in
1241:A Getai Performance in Singapore
40:
5953:Religious festivals in Thailand
5938:Religious festivals in Malaysia
5923:Religious festivals in Cambodia
4063:(The Great Wheel of the Dharma)
4033:"Rice Bowl" On Pravāraṇā Day",
2293:. China Daily. August 8, 2014.
2174:Pravāraṇā (Pāli Pavāraṇā) zizi
1841:, it is sometimes considered a
1547:is held. The month is known as
1486:
1365:
1325:
899:
803:
786:
772:
748:
705:Second alternative Chinese name
693:
667:
653:
517:
493:
476:
462:
438:
424:
403:
140:15th day of the 7th lunar month
5264:British Indian Ocean Territory
4175:: Princeton University Press,
3940:General and cited bibliography
3638:"Japanese Culture - Etiquette"
1710:In Laos, a festival known as,
1624:, this holiday coincides with
1451:
1442:
1434:
1300:
1291:
1283:
1108:that probably dates to the 3rd
889:
716:
632:
616:
602:
588:
556:
540:
382:
368:
354:
340:
300:
284:
232:
1:
5908:Observances honoring the dead
4834:Hammersmith Ghost murder case
4100:[The Meaning of Yulanpen
3826:Sastri, S. M. Natesa (1988).
3463:Studying Buddhism in Practice
3044:. IRD Editions. p. 149.
2864:Government Information Office
1956:is regarded as compulsory by
1065:or monastic community during
1028:Three Great Emperor-Officials
5928:Religious festivals in China
4150:: Harvard University Press,
3157:. Motilal Banarsidass Publ.
3130:10.1080/13576275.2013.843512
2725:Security Bank Financial Blog
2046:Festival of Nine Emperor God
1980:, and guests. The scripture
1867:Japanese volunteers perform
852:countries. According to the
4732:Electronic voice phenomenon
4525:locations in United Kingdom
4165:Teiser, Stephen F. (1988),
2828:September 19, 2010, at the
2104:period, it's said that the
1124:and his family rather than
1050:Yulanpen or Ullambana Sutra
5989:
5479:Lighting candles on graves
4143:T'ang Transformation Texts
3396:Buswell, Robert E (2004).
2566:February 23, 2009, at the
2535:Stepanchuk, Carol (1991).
1941:
1898:(sometimes transliterated
1888:
1882:
1761:
1688:
1600:This festival is known as
974:
923:). Distinct from both the
871:or (especially in Taiwan)
18:
5853:Chinese-Malaysian culture
5793:
5472:Connecticut field pumpkin
5292:
4895:
4284:
4117:
4109:
4102:
4092:
4086:
4059:
4048:
4029:
3980:
3712:Ghosts: A Haunted History
3151:Schober, Juliane (2002).
2892:October 29, 2010, at the
2817:January 18, 2011, at the
2812:Mid-Summer Ghost Festival
2627:February 3, 2009, at the
2199:
2182:
2176:
2151:
2132:
2123:
2088:
2080:
2049:
2010:Balinese pawukon calendar
1831:
1815:
1475:
1381:
1354:
1316:
1080:forms of the festival in
989:Mulian Rescues His Mother
880:
814:
725:
565:
317:
265:
261:
224:
128:, offering food, burning
39:
5918:Public holidays in China
5013:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
4704:Ancient Egyptian culture
4140:Mair, Victor H. (1989),
4097:
4053:
3985:
3427:. Taylor & Francis.
3398:Encyclopedia of Buddhism
3330:Ladwig, Patrice (2012).
2903:August 31, 2010, at the
2858:29 December 2010 at the
2781:Cosmopolitan Philippines
2426:"中元节是中国的"鬼节"吗？听听民俗学家怎么说"
1875:, in this case into the
535:Traditional Chinese
529:Alternative Chinese name
279:Traditional Chinese
132:, chanting of scriptures
5274:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
4727:Apparitional experience
4054:「盂蘭盆」の本当の意味 ―千四百間の誤解を解く
4012:, Abingdon: Routledge,
3918:"The calendars of Bali"
3421:Williams, Paul (2005).
3298:Southeast Asian Studies
2847:3 December 2010 at the
2695:"Hungry Ghost Festival"
2669:"Hungry Ghost Festival"
551:Simplified Chinese
494:Dong nguêng/nguang zoih
295:Simplified Chinese
5873:Festivals in Sri Lanka
5863:Festivals in Hong Kong
5671:Veneration of the Dead
4356:Procession of the dead
4065:(in Japanese): 182–189
2084:) Scroll 15 - Customs:
1988:) upon the performer.
1972:, along with the gods
1880:
1617:
1597:
1578:
1266:Singapore and Malaysia
1262:
1242:
1157:
1149:
944:veneration of the dead
25:Ghost Festival (Nepal)
5958:September observances
5404:Christian observances
4811:Paranormal television
4520:locations in Scotland
4213:Chinese Ghost Culture
4006:Langer, Rita (2007),
3949:Apocryphal Scriptures
3673:. Tuttle Publishing.
2985:. September 8, 2018.
2823:Chine Town Connection
2384:Eberhard, Stephen F.
2343:The Way to Buddhahood
1866:
1615:
1584:
1566:
1248:
1240:
1155:
1139:
1017:Chinese folk religion
1007:. It plays a role in
929:Double Ninth Festival
826:Hungry Ghost Festival
5660:Parade of Lost Souls
5611:Festival of the Dead
5188:United Arab Emirates
4796:Stories about ghosts
4620:District of Columbia
4223:Waters, Dan (2004).
3972:on February 10, 2013
2869:3 April 2005 at the
2582:Wei, Liming (2010).
2561:Essortment Articles.
2341:Venerable Yin-shun.
2226:"Zhongyuan festival"
2157:English Translation:
2094:English translation:
1220:During the evening,
1041:, deriving from the
828:, also known as the
62:Zhongyuan Festival (
5878:Festivals in Taiwan
5838:Culture of Cambodia
5803:Category: Halloween
5588:Treehouse of Horror
5484:Prayer for the dead
5215:limited recognition
4865:Kardecist spiritism
4709:Classical antiquity
4084:Karashima, Seishi (
4046:Karashima, Seishi (
2799:The Philippine Star
2763:The Philippine Star
2655:8 June 2009 at the
2067:Notes on references
1948:The performance of
1776:Nakhon Si Thammarat
1720:Boun khay padab din
1712:Boun khao padap din
1642:Theravadin Buddhist
1439:traditional Chinese
1410:. Other areas like
1288:traditional Chinese
1255:Vihara Gunung Timur
1173:and other forms of
313:mid-origin festival
225:Boun Khao Padap Din
69:Yulanpen Festival (
5833:Buddhist festivals
5823:August observances
5515:Haunted attraction
4779:Films about ghosts
4763:Spirit photography
4208:Zhongyuan Festival
3715:. Reaktion Books.
3190:Hecker, Hellmuth,
2801:. August 12, 2018.
2783:. August 16, 2023.
2129:Baoen Fengpen jing
2006:Hari Raya Galungan
1881:
1746:Hungry Ghost realm
1618:
1598:
1579:
1553:spirit paper money
1431:simplified Chinese
1400:Sembahyang Rebutan
1280:simplified Chinese
1263:
1243:
1158:
1150:
858:lunisolar calendar
830:Zhongyuan Festival
654:yùh làahn pùhn jit
5963:Culture of Taiwan
5868:Festivals in Laos
5828:Buddhism in China
5810:
5809:
5703:
5702:
5680:Death anniversary
5645:Qingming Festival
5420:Trick-or-treating
5320:
5319:
5257:other territories
4913:
4912:
4687:
4686:
4346:Residual haunting
4311:Haunted locations
4301:Ancestral spirits
4182:978-0-691-02677-0
3962:978-1-886439-29-0
3839:978-81-206-0402-5
3800:978-0-8239-2240-6
3761:978-0-7624-8143-9
3754:. Running Press.
3722:978-1-78023-537-0
3680:978-1-4629-0051-0
3090:978-1-350-04628-3
3051:978-2-7099-1671-4
3015:. July 24, 2006.
2924:. July 28, 2022.
2517:Chinese Festivals
2513:Eberhard, Wolfram
2271:. August 22, 2017
2002:indigenous Hindus
1982:Markandeya Purana
1851:Japanese calendar
1512:Chinese Filipinos
1249:A man throws the
925:Qingming Festival
838:Yulanpen Festival
818:
817:
810:
809:
787:Tshit-gue̍h-puànn
700:
699:
648:Yale Romanization
627:Yale Romanization
618:yü lan p'ên chieh
576:Standard Mandarin
524:
523:
518:Dṳ̆ng-nguòng-cáik
419:Yale Romanization
404:Chûng-ngièn-chiet
377:Yale Romanization
328:Standard Mandarin
252:
251:
245:
237:
229:
221:
204:
196:
188:
5980:
5968:Taoist festivals
5898:Malay ghost myth
5805:
5800:
5799:
5672:
5612:
5606:
5527:Pumpkin festival
5365:
5356:
5347:
5340:
5333:
5324:
5310:
5300:
5299:
5269:Christmas Island
4955:Sovereign states
4947:Culture of Asia
4940:
4933:
4926:
4917:
4903:
4902:
4371:
4316:Haunted highways
4267:
4260:
4253:
4244:
4239:
4229:
4185:
4160:
4136:
4130:
4122:
4120:
4119:
4112:
4111:
4105:
4104:
4095:
4094:
4090:)(in Chinese as
4089:
4088:
4080:
4074:
4066:
4062:
4061:
4051:
4050:
4042:
4032:
4031:
4022:
4002:
3983:
3982:
3973:
3971:
3965:, archived from
3954:
3934:
3933:
3931:
3929:
3914:
3908:
3907:
3905:
3903:
3888:
3882:
3881:
3879:
3877:
3862:
3856:
3855:
3853:
3851:
3823:
3817:
3816:
3814:
3812:
3784:
3778:
3777:
3775:
3773:
3745:
3739:
3738:
3736:
3734:
3706:
3697:
3696:
3694:
3692:
3664:
3658:
3657:
3655:
3653:
3634:
3628:
3627:
3625:
3623:
3608:
3602:
3601:
3595:
3587:
3585:
3583:
3568:
3562:
3561:
3559:
3557:
3542:
3536:
3535:
3529:
3521:
3519:
3517:
3511:
3505:. Archived from
3504:
3496:
3490:
3489:
3487:
3485:
3457:
3451:
3450:
3448:
3446:
3418:
3412:
3411:
3393:
3387:
3381:
3372:
3371:
3369:
3367:
3327:
3321:
3320:
3318:
3316:
3310:
3295:
3286:
3280:
3279:
3277:
3275:
3247:
3241:
3240:
3238:
3236:
3230:
3223:
3215:
3209:
3208:
3207:
3205:
3187:
3181:
3180:
3178:
3176:
3148:
3142:
3141:
3113:
3107:
3106:
3104:
3102:
3074:
3068:
3067:
3065:
3063:
3035:
3029:
3028:
3026:
3024:
3005:
2999:
2998:
2996:
2994:
2975:
2969:
2968:
2966:
2964:
2944:
2938:
2937:
2935:
2933:
2914:
2908:
2884:
2878:
2839:
2833:
2809:
2803:
2802:
2791:
2785:
2784:
2773:
2767:
2766:
2754:
2748:
2747:
2735:
2729:
2728:
2727:. July 18, 2022.
2717:
2711:
2710:
2708:
2706:
2691:
2685:
2684:
2682:
2680:
2665:
2659:
2646:
2631:
2618:
2612:
2611:
2605:
2597:
2579:
2570:
2557:
2551:
2550:
2532:
2521:
2520:
2509:
2500:
2494:
2488:
2482:
2476:
2473:
2467:
2464:
2458:
2455:
2446:
2445:
2443:
2441:
2422:
2416:
2415:
2398:
2389:
2382:
2376:
2375:
2373:
2371:
2352:
2346:
2339:
2333:
2332:
2330:
2328:
2313:
2307:
2306:
2304:
2302:
2287:
2281:
2280:
2278:
2276:
2265:"Ghost Festival"
2261:
2255:
2252:
2246:
2245:
2243:
2241:
2222:
2207:
2202:
2201:
2194:
2188:
2185:
2184:
2179:
2178:
2170:
2164:
2161:Chinese calendar
2154:
2153:
2145:
2139:
2135:
2134:
2126:
2125:
2116:
2110:
2091:
2090:
2083:
2082:
2076:
2051:
2042:Nine Emperor God
2037:Lantern Festival
1952:by a son during
1836:
1834:
1833:
1820:
1818:
1817:
1602:Tết Trung Nguyên
1595:
1577:
1508:Chinese calendar
1488:
1479:
1457:Sembahyang Kubur
1453:
1444:
1436:
1392:Chhit-ngie̍t-pan
1385:
1367:
1366:Chhit-goe̍h-pòaⁿ
1358:
1327:
1318:
1302:
1293:
1285:
1162:Chinese calendar
1115:
1111:
1009:Chinese Buddhism
901:
891:
882:
854:Chinese calendar
806:
805:
789:
788:
775:
774:
773:Chhit-goe̍h-poàⁿ
751:
750:
749:Chhit-ngie̍t-pan
727:
721:
720:
696:
695:
672:
671:
670:
669:jyu laan pun zit
656:
655:
635:
634:
621:
620:
619:
605:
604:
591:
590:
567:
561:
560:
545:
544:
520:
519:
496:
495:
479:
478:
465:
464:
441:
440:
427:
426:
406:
405:
385:
384:
371:
370:
369:chung yüan chieh
357:
356:
343:
342:
319:
305:
304:
289:
288:
270:
254:
243:
235:
227:
219:
202:
194:
186:
126:Ancestor worship
89:Observed by
44:
32:
5988:
5987:
5983:
5982:
5981:
5979:
5978:
5977:
5843:Chinese culture
5813:
5812:
5811:
5806:
5795:
5789:
5720:All Saints' Day
5699:
5670:
5664:
5610:
5601:
5595:
5538:
5498:
5462:Jack-o'-lantern
5408:
5363:
5358:
5354:
5351:
5321:
5316:
5288:
5256:
5247:
5228:Northern Cyprus
5214:
5207:
4949:
4944:
4914:
4909:
4891:
4838:
4828:Booty v Barnaby
4815:
4772:Popular culture
4767:
4713:
4683:
4662:
4646:
4603:Day of the Dead
4551:
4542:Slavic religion
4503:
4392:
4366:
4360:
4289:
4280:
4271:
4227:
4222:
4193:
4183:
4164:
4158:
4139:
4123:
4099:
4083:
4067:
4055:
4045:
4026:
4020:
4005:
4000:
3987:
3978:Chow, Shu Kai (
3977:
3969:
3963:
3952:
3945:
3942:
3937:
3927:
3925:
3916:
3915:
3911:
3901:
3899:
3890:
3889:
3885:
3875:
3873:
3864:
3863:
3859:
3849:
3847:
3840:
3825:
3824:
3820:
3810:
3808:
3801:
3786:
3785:
3781:
3771:
3769:
3762:
3747:
3746:
3742:
3732:
3730:
3723:
3708:
3707:
3700:
3690:
3688:
3681:
3666:
3665:
3661:
3651:
3649:
3636:
3635:
3631:
3621:
3619:
3610:
3609:
3605:
3588:
3581:
3579:
3572:"Archived copy"
3570:
3569:
3565:
3555:
3553:
3544:
3543:
3539:
3522:
3515:
3513:
3512:on May 27, 2016
3509:
3502:
3500:"Archived copy"
3498:
3497:
3493:
3483:
3481:
3474:
3459:
3458:
3454:
3444:
3442:
3435:
3420:
3419:
3415:
3408:
3395:
3394:
3390:
3382:
3375:
3365:
3363:
3329:
3328:
3324:
3314:
3312:
3308:
3293:
3288:
3287:
3283:
3273:
3271:
3264:
3249:
3248:
3244:
3234:
3232:
3228:
3221:
3217:
3216:
3212:
3203:
3201:
3193:Maha-Moggallana
3189:
3188:
3184:
3174:
3172:
3165:
3150:
3149:
3145:
3115:
3114:
3110:
3100:
3098:
3091:
3076:
3075:
3071:
3061:
3059:
3052:
3037:
3036:
3032:
3022:
3020:
3007:
3006:
3002:
2992:
2990:
2977:
2976:
2972:
2962:
2960:
2946:
2945:
2941:
2931:
2929:
2916:
2915:
2911:
2905:Wayback Machine
2894:Wayback Machine
2885:
2881:
2871:Wayback Machine
2860:Wayback Machine
2849:Wayback Machine
2840:
2836:
2830:Wayback Machine
2819:Wayback Machine
2810:
2806:
2793:
2792:
2788:
2775:
2774:
2770:
2756:
2755:
2751:
2737:
2736:
2732:
2719:
2718:
2714:
2704:
2702:
2693:
2692:
2688:
2678:
2676:
2667:
2666:
2662:
2657:Wayback Machine
2647:
2634:
2629:Wayback Machine
2619:
2615:
2598:
2594:
2581:
2580:
2573:
2568:Wayback Machine
2558:
2554:
2547:
2534:
2533:
2524:
2511:
2510:
2503:
2495:
2491:
2483:
2479:
2474:
2470:
2466:Karashima 2013b
2465:
2461:
2457:Karashima 2013a
2456:
2449:
2439:
2437:
2424:
2423:
2419:
2412:
2400:
2399:
2392:
2383:
2379:
2369:
2367:
2354:
2353:
2349:
2340:
2336:
2326:
2324:
2315:
2314:
2310:
2300:
2298:
2289:
2288:
2284:
2274:
2272:
2263:
2262:
2258:
2253:
2249:
2239:
2237:
2224:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2210:
2204:
2197:
2195:
2191:
2173:
2171:
2167:
2158:
2156:
2148:
2146:
2142:
2137:
2119:
2117:
2113:
2095:
2093:
2085:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2018:
1994:
1946:
1940:
1935:
1893:
1887:
1861:
1828:
1812:
1803:
1796:
1766:
1760:
1728:
1716:Boun khao salak
1708:
1693:
1687:
1679:Tirokudda Kanda
1647:Ullambana Sutra
1638:
1589:
1571:
1561:
1537:
1496:
1340:
1268:
1235:
1171:hell bank notes
1134:
1113:
1109:
991:
975:Main articles:
973:
865:Chinese culture
850:Southeast Asian
668:
617:
310:Literal meaning
273:
248:
177:Related to
105:
84:Spirit Festival
76:
51:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5986:
5984:
5976:
5975:
5970:
5965:
5960:
5955:
5950:
5945:
5940:
5935:
5930:
5925:
5920:
5915:
5910:
5905:
5900:
5895:
5890:
5885:
5880:
5875:
5870:
5865:
5860:
5855:
5850:
5848:Chinese ghosts
5845:
5840:
5835:
5830:
5825:
5815:
5814:
5808:
5807:
5794:
5791:
5790:
5788:
5787:
5782:
5777:
5772:
5767:
5765:Mischief Night
5762:
5757:
5752:
5747:
5745:Eid il-Burbara
5742:
5737:
5732:
5727:
5725:All Souls' Day
5722:
5717:
5711:
5709:
5705:
5704:
5701:
5700:
5698:
5697:
5692:
5687:
5682:
5676:
5674:
5666:
5665:
5663:
5662:
5657:
5655:Zhōng yuán jié
5652:
5647:
5642:
5637:
5632:
5630:Día de Muertos
5627:
5622:
5616:
5614:
5603:
5597:
5596:
5594:
5593:
5592:
5591:
5584:
5574:
5573:
5572:
5567:
5557:
5552:
5546:
5544:
5540:
5539:
5537:
5536:
5535:
5534:
5524:
5523:
5522:
5512:
5506:
5504:
5500:
5499:
5497:
5496:
5494:Pangangaluluwa
5491:
5486:
5481:
5476:
5475:
5474:
5469:
5459:
5457:Halloween Tree
5454:
5449:
5448:
5447:
5437:
5432:
5427:
5422:
5416:
5414:
5410:
5409:
5407:
5406:
5401:
5396:
5391:
5386:
5385:
5384:
5379:
5368:
5366:
5360:
5359:
5352:
5350:
5349:
5342:
5335:
5327:
5318:
5317:
5315:
5314:
5304:
5293:
5290:
5289:
5287:
5286:
5281:
5276:
5271:
5266:
5260:
5258:
5249:
5248:
5246:
5245:
5240:
5235:
5230:
5225:
5219:
5217:
5209:
5208:
5206:
5205:
5200:
5195:
5190:
5185:
5180:
5175:
5170:
5165:
5160:
5155:
5150:
5145:
5140:
5135:
5130:
5125:
5120:
5115:
5110:
5105:
5100:
5095:
5090:
5085:
5080:
5075:
5070:
5065:
5060:
5055:
5050:
5045:
5040:
5035:
5030:
5025:
5020:
5015:
5010:
5005:
5000:
4995:
4990:
4985:
4980:
4975:
4970:
4965:
4959:
4957:
4951:
4950:
4945:
4943:
4942:
4935:
4928:
4920:
4911:
4910:
4908:
4907:
4896:
4893:
4892:
4890:
4889:
4884:
4879:
4874:
4872:The Ghost Club
4869:
4868:
4867:
4857:
4852:
4850:Fear of ghosts
4846:
4844:
4840:
4839:
4837:
4836:
4831:
4823:
4821:
4817:
4816:
4814:
4813:
4808:
4803:
4798:
4793:
4792:
4791:
4786:
4775:
4773:
4769:
4768:
4766:
4765:
4760:
4759:
4758:
4748:
4743:
4742:
4741:
4729:
4723:
4721:
4719:Parapsychology
4715:
4714:
4712:
4711:
4706:
4701:
4695:
4693:
4689:
4688:
4685:
4684:
4682:
4681:
4676:
4670:
4668:
4664:
4663:
4661:
4660:
4654:
4652:
4648:
4647:
4645:
4644:
4643:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4627:
4622:
4617:
4607:
4606:
4605:
4600:
4590:
4589:
4588:
4586:Ghost sickness
4583:
4575:
4574:
4573:
4565:
4559:
4557:
4553:
4552:
4550:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4538:
4537:
4529:
4528:
4527:
4522:
4511:
4509:
4505:
4504:
4502:
4501:
4496:
4495:
4494:
4484:
4479:
4474:
4473:
4472:
4467:
4457:
4456:
4455:
4450:
4440:
4438:Ghost Festival
4435:
4434:
4433:
4423:
4422:
4421:
4416:
4406:
4400:
4398:
4394:
4393:
4391:
4390:
4385:South Africa (
4383:
4377:
4375:
4368:
4362:
4361:
4359:
4358:
4353:
4351:Vengeful ghost
4348:
4343:
4338:
4333:
4328:
4326:Haunted trains
4323:
4318:
4313:
4308:
4303:
4297:
4295:
4294:Manifestations
4291:
4290:
4287:List of ghosts
4285:
4282:
4281:
4272:
4270:
4269:
4262:
4255:
4247:
4241:
4240:
4220:
4215:
4210:
4205:
4200:
4192:
4191:External links
4189:
4188:
4187:
4181:
4162:
4156:
4137:
4098:盂蘭盆之意-自恣日的“飯鉢”
4081:
4043:
4024:
4018:
4003:
3998:
3986:鬼月鉤沉-中元、盂蘭、餓鬼節
3975:
3961:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3935:
3909:
3883:
3857:
3838:
3818:
3799:
3779:
3760:
3740:
3721:
3698:
3679:
3659:
3642:Cultural Atlas
3629:
3603:
3563:
3537:
3491:
3472:
3452:
3433:
3413:
3407:978-0028659107
3406:
3388:
3373:
3322:
3281:
3262:
3242:
3210:
3182:
3163:
3143:
3124:(4): 388–389.
3108:
3089:
3069:
3050:
3030:
3000:
2970:
2939:
2909:
2879:
2853:Ghost Festival
2834:
2804:
2786:
2768:
2749:
2730:
2712:
2686:
2660:
2632:
2613:
2592:
2571:
2552:
2545:
2522:
2501:
2489:
2487:, p. 276.
2477:
2475:Karashima 2014
2468:
2459:
2447:
2417:
2410:
2390:
2377:
2347:
2334:
2308:
2282:
2256:
2247:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2208:
2189:
2165:
2140:
2111:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2064:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:(Chinese:
2039:
2034:
2032:Chinese ghosts
2029:
2024:
2022:All Souls' Day
2017:
2014:
1993:
1990:
1942:Main article:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1885:Bon (festival)
1883:Main article:
1860:
1855:
1802:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1762:Main article:
1759:
1756:
1727:
1724:
1707:
1704:
1689:Main article:
1686:
1683:
1637:
1634:
1620:Influenced by
1560:
1557:
1545:Ghost Festival
1536:
1533:
1495:
1492:
1371:Chit Nyiat Pan
1339:
1336:
1267:
1264:
1234:
1231:
1133:
1130:
1118:Yulanpen Sutra
1086:Southeast Asia
1015:as well as in
985:Yulanpen Sutra
972:
969:
950:, and burning
822:Ghost Festival
816:
815:
812:
811:
808:
807:
804:Cig ghuêh buan
800:
791:
790:
783:
777:
776:
769:
760:
759:
753:
752:
745:
739:
738:
732:
731:
730:Transcriptions
723:
722:
713:
707:
706:
702:
701:
698:
697:
690:
681:
680:
674:
673:
664:
658:
657:
650:
644:
643:
641:Yue: Cantonese
637:
636:
633:yú-lán-pén-jyé
629:
623:
622:
613:
607:
606:
599:
593:
592:
589:Yú lán pén jié
585:
579:
578:
572:
571:
570:Transcriptions
563:
562:
553:
547:
546:
537:
531:
530:
526:
525:
522:
521:
514:
505:
504:
498:
497:
490:
481:
480:
473:
467:
466:
459:
450:
449:
443:
442:
435:
429:
428:
421:
415:
414:
412:Yue: Cantonese
408:
407:
400:
394:
393:
387:
386:
379:
373:
372:
365:
359:
358:
351:
345:
344:
341:zhōng yuán jié
337:
331:
330:
324:
323:
322:Transcriptions
315:
314:
311:
307:
306:
297:
291:
290:
281:
275:
274:
271:
263:
262:
259:
258:
257:Ghost Festival
250:
249:
247:
246:
238:
236:(in Sri Lanka)
230:
222:
205:
197:
189:
180:
178:
174:
173:
170:
169:2026 date
166:
165:
162:
161:2025 date
158:
157:
154:
153:2024 date
150:
149:
146:
145:2023 date
142:
141:
138:
134:
133:
123:
119:
118:
111:
107:
106:
104:
103:
98:
92:
90:
86:
85:
82:
78:
77:
75:
74:
67:
59:
57:
53:
52:
45:
37:
36:
35:Ghost Festival
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5985:
5974:
5971:
5969:
5966:
5964:
5961:
5959:
5956:
5954:
5951:
5949:
5946:
5944:
5941:
5939:
5936:
5934:
5931:
5929:
5926:
5924:
5921:
5919:
5916:
5914:
5911:
5909:
5906:
5904:
5901:
5899:
5896:
5894:
5891:
5889:
5888:Lantern shows
5886:
5884:
5881:
5879:
5876:
5874:
5871:
5869:
5866:
5864:
5861:
5859:
5856:
5854:
5851:
5849:
5846:
5844:
5841:
5839:
5836:
5834:
5831:
5829:
5826:
5824:
5821:
5820:
5818:
5804:
5792:
5786:
5783:
5781:
5778:
5776:
5775:Old Halloween
5773:
5771:
5768:
5766:
5763:
5761:
5758:
5756:
5753:
5751:
5748:
5746:
5743:
5741:
5738:
5736:
5735:Devil's Night
5733:
5731:
5730:Beggars Night
5728:
5726:
5723:
5721:
5718:
5716:
5713:
5712:
5710:
5706:
5696:
5693:
5691:
5688:
5686:
5685:Death customs
5683:
5681:
5678:
5677:
5675:
5673:
5667:
5661:
5658:
5656:
5653:
5651:
5648:
5646:
5643:
5641:
5638:
5636:
5633:
5631:
5628:
5626:
5623:
5621:
5618:
5617:
5615:
5613:
5607:
5604:
5598:
5590:
5589:
5585:
5583:
5582:Great Pumpkin
5580:
5579:
5578:
5575:
5571:
5568:
5566:
5563:
5562:
5561:
5558:
5556:
5553:
5551:
5548:
5547:
5545:
5541:
5533:
5532:Pumpkin Queen
5530:
5529:
5528:
5525:
5521:
5518:
5517:
5516:
5513:
5511:
5508:
5507:
5505:
5501:
5495:
5492:
5490:
5487:
5485:
5482:
5480:
5477:
5473:
5470:
5468:
5465:
5464:
5463:
5460:
5458:
5455:
5453:
5450:
5446:
5443:
5442:
5441:
5438:
5436:
5433:
5431:
5430:Apple bobbing
5428:
5426:
5423:
5421:
5418:
5417:
5415:
5411:
5405:
5402:
5400:
5397:
5395:
5392:
5390:
5387:
5383:
5382:Allhallowtide
5380:
5378:
5375:
5374:
5373:
5370:
5369:
5367:
5361:
5357:
5348:
5343:
5341:
5336:
5334:
5329:
5328:
5325:
5313:
5309:
5305:
5303:
5295:
5294:
5291:
5285:
5282:
5280:
5277:
5275:
5272:
5270:
5267:
5265:
5262:
5261:
5259:
5254:
5250:
5244:
5241:
5239:
5238:South Ossetia
5236:
5234:
5231:
5229:
5226:
5224:
5221:
5220:
5218:
5216:
5210:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5196:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5171:
5169:
5166:
5164:
5161:
5159:
5156:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5136:
5134:
5131:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5116:
5114:
5111:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5076:
5074:
5071:
5069:
5066:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5056:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5041:
5039:
5036:
5034:
5031:
5029:
5026:
5024:
5021:
5019:
5016:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5006:
5004:
5001:
4999:
4996:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4986:
4984:
4981:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4961:
4960:
4958:
4956:
4952:
4948:
4941:
4936:
4934:
4929:
4927:
4922:
4921:
4918:
4906:
4898:
4897:
4894:
4888:
4885:
4883:
4880:
4878:
4875:
4873:
4870:
4866:
4863:
4862:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4855:Spectrophilia
4853:
4851:
4848:
4847:
4845:
4841:
4835:
4832:
4830:
4829:
4825:
4824:
4822:
4818:
4812:
4809:
4807:
4804:
4802:
4799:
4797:
4794:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4782:
4781:
4780:
4777:
4776:
4774:
4770:
4764:
4761:
4757:
4754:
4753:
4752:
4749:
4747:
4746:Ghost hunting
4744:
4740:
4739:
4735:
4734:
4733:
4730:
4728:
4725:
4724:
4722:
4720:
4716:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4702:
4700:
4697:
4696:
4694:
4690:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4672:
4671:
4669:
4665:
4659:
4656:
4655:
4653:
4651:South America
4649:
4641:
4640:San Francisco
4638:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4613:
4612:
4611:
4610:United States
4608:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4595:
4594:
4591:
4587:
4584:
4582:
4579:
4578:
4576:
4572:
4569:
4568:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4560:
4558:
4556:North America
4554:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4536:
4533:
4532:
4530:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4518:
4517:
4516:
4513:
4512:
4510:
4506:
4500:
4497:
4493:
4490:
4489:
4488:
4485:
4483:
4480:
4478:
4475:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4462:
4461:
4458:
4454:
4451:
4449:
4446:
4445:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4432:
4429:
4428:
4427:
4424:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4411:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4401:
4399:
4395:
4388:
4384:
4382:
4381:Madam Koi Koi
4379:
4378:
4376:
4372:
4369:
4363:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4349:
4347:
4344:
4342:
4339:
4337:
4334:
4332:
4331:Haunted ships
4329:
4327:
4324:
4322:
4321:Haunted house
4319:
4317:
4314:
4312:
4309:
4307:
4304:
4302:
4299:
4298:
4296:
4292:
4288:
4283:
4279:
4275:
4268:
4263:
4261:
4256:
4254:
4249:
4248:
4245:
4237:
4233:
4226:
4221:
4219:
4216:
4214:
4211:
4209:
4206:
4204:
4201:
4198:
4195:
4194:
4190:
4184:
4178:
4174:
4170:
4169:
4163:
4159:
4157:9780674868151
4153:
4149:
4145:
4144:
4138:
4134:
4128:
4114:
4082:
4078:
4072:
4064:
4044:
4040:
4036:
4025:
4021:
4019:9781134158720
4015:
4011:
4010:
4004:
4001:
3999:9789888366392
3995:
3991:
3976:
3968:
3964:
3958:
3951:
3950:
3944:
3943:
3939:
3923:
3919:
3913:
3910:
3897:
3893:
3887:
3884:
3871:
3867:
3861:
3858:
3845:
3841:
3835:
3831:
3830:
3822:
3819:
3806:
3802:
3796:
3792:
3791:
3783:
3780:
3767:
3763:
3757:
3753:
3752:
3744:
3741:
3728:
3724:
3718:
3714:
3713:
3705:
3703:
3699:
3686:
3682:
3676:
3672:
3671:
3663:
3660:
3647:
3643:
3639:
3633:
3630:
3617:
3613:
3607:
3604:
3599:
3593:
3577:
3573:
3567:
3564:
3551:
3547:
3541:
3538:
3533:
3527:
3508:
3501:
3495:
3492:
3479:
3475:
3473:9781136501883
3469:
3466:. Routledge.
3465:
3464:
3456:
3453:
3440:
3436:
3434:9780415332330
3430:
3426:
3425:
3417:
3414:
3409:
3403:
3399:
3392:
3389:
3385:
3384:Langer (2007)
3380:
3378:
3374:
3361:
3357:
3353:
3349:
3345:
3341:
3337:
3333:
3326:
3323:
3307:
3303:
3299:
3292:
3285:
3282:
3269:
3265:
3263:9781136959172
3259:
3256:. Routledge.
3255:
3254:
3246:
3243:
3227:
3220:
3214:
3211:
3199:
3195:
3194:
3186:
3183:
3170:
3166:
3164:9788120818125
3160:
3156:
3155:
3147:
3144:
3139:
3135:
3131:
3127:
3123:
3119:
3112:
3109:
3096:
3092:
3086:
3082:
3081:
3073:
3070:
3057:
3053:
3047:
3043:
3042:
3034:
3031:
3018:
3014:
3010:
3004:
3001:
2988:
2984:
2980:
2974:
2971:
2958:
2954:
2950:
2947:Loh, Lainey.
2943:
2940:
2927:
2923:
2919:
2913:
2910:
2906:
2902:
2899:
2898:Go2Taiwan.net
2895:
2891:
2888:
2883:
2880:
2876:
2872:
2868:
2865:
2861:
2857:
2854:
2850:
2846:
2843:
2838:
2835:
2831:
2827:
2824:
2820:
2816:
2813:
2808:
2805:
2800:
2796:
2790:
2787:
2782:
2778:
2772:
2769:
2764:
2760:
2753:
2750:
2745:
2741:
2734:
2731:
2726:
2722:
2716:
2713:
2700:
2696:
2690:
2687:
2674:
2670:
2664:
2661:
2658:
2654:
2651:
2650:Online Store.
2645:
2643:
2641:
2639:
2637:
2633:
2630:
2626:
2623:
2617:
2614:
2609:
2603:
2595:
2593:9787508516936
2589:
2585:
2578:
2576:
2572:
2569:
2565:
2562:
2556:
2553:
2548:
2546:0-8351-2481-9
2542:
2538:
2531:
2529:
2527:
2523:
2518:
2514:
2508:
2506:
2502:
2498:
2497:Teiser (1988)
2493:
2490:
2486:
2485:Langer (2007)
2481:
2478:
2472:
2469:
2463:
2460:
2454:
2452:
2448:
2435:
2431:
2427:
2421:
2418:
2413:
2411:957-755-300-1
2407:
2403:
2397:
2395:
2391:
2387:
2381:
2378:
2365:
2361:
2357:
2351:
2348:
2344:
2338:
2335:
2322:
2318:
2312:
2309:
2296:
2292:
2286:
2283:
2270:
2266:
2260:
2257:
2251:
2248:
2235:
2231:
2227:
2221:
2218:
2212:
2193:
2190:
2187:respectively.
2169:
2166:
2162:
2144:
2141:
2130:
2115:
2112:
2107:
2103:
2099:
2075:
2072:
2066:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2047:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2019:
2015:
2013:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1991:
1989:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1966:Garuda Purana
1963:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1945:
1937:
1932:
1930:
1928:
1927:Amami Islands
1924:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1907:
1905:
1902:), or simply
1901:
1897:
1892:
1886:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1865:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1827:
1822:
1811:
1807:
1801:
1798:
1793:
1791:
1789:
1788:Thai language
1785:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1772:
1765:
1757:
1755:
1753:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1725:
1723:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1699:
1692:
1684:
1682:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1671:
1666:
1662:
1661:Maudgalyayana
1659:
1655:
1654:
1649:
1648:
1643:
1635:
1633:
1629:
1627:
1623:
1614:
1610:
1608:
1603:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1558:
1556:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1534:
1532:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1493:
1491:
1489:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1448:
1440:
1432:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1412:North Sumatra
1409:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1349:
1345:
1344:Chit Gwee Pua
1337:
1335:
1332:
1328:
1322:
1314:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1297:
1289:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1265:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1247:
1239:
1232:
1230:
1226:
1223:
1218:
1215:
1211:
1208:For rituals,
1206:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1195:Chinese opera
1190:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1167:
1163:
1154:
1147:
1143:
1138:
1131:
1129:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1074:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1048:known as the
1047:
1044:
1040:
1039:ancient India
1035:
1033:
1029:
1024:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
1001:
996:
990:
986:
982:
978:
970:
968:
966:
962:
957:
953:
949:
945:
941:
937:
932:
930:
926:
922:
921:
916:
915:
910:
906:
902:
896:
892:
886:
878:
874:
870:
866:
861:
859:
855:
851:
847:
843:
839:
835:
831:
827:
823:
813:
801:
799:
796:
792:
784:
782:
778:
770:
768:
765:
761:
758:
754:
746:
744:
740:
737:
733:
728:
724:
719:
714:
712:
708:
703:
694:Uò-làng-buòng
691:
689:
686:
682:
679:
675:
665:
663:
659:
651:
649:
645:
642:
638:
630:
628:
624:
614:
612:
608:
600:
598:
594:
586:
584:
580:
577:
573:
568:
564:
559:
554:
552:
548:
543:
538:
536:
532:
527:
515:
513:
510:
506:
503:
499:
491:
489:
486:
482:
474:
472:
468:
460:
458:
455:
451:
448:
444:
439:zung jyun zit
436:
434:
430:
425:jūng yùhn jit
422:
420:
416:
413:
409:
401:
399:
395:
392:
388:
383:jūng ywán jyé
380:
378:
374:
366:
364:
360:
352:
350:
346:
338:
336:
332:
329:
325:
320:
316:
312:
308:
303:
298:
296:
292:
287:
282:
280:
276:
269:
264:
260:
255:
244:(in Thailand)
242:
239:
234:
231:
226:
223:
220:(in Cambodia)
217:
213:
210:(observed by
209:
206:
201:
198:
193:
190:
185:
182:
181:
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
127:
124:
120:
116:
112:
108:
102:
99:
97:
94:
93:
91:
87:
83:
79:
72:
68:
65:
61:
60:
58:
56:Official name
54:
49:
43:
38:
33:
30:
26:
22:
5780:Punkie Night
5708:Other events
5654:
5650:Totensonntag
5640:Pitru Paksha
5620:Bon Festival
5586:
5253:Dependencies
5183:Turkmenistan
5148:Saudi Arabia
4860:Spiritualism
4826:
4736:
4699:Mesopotamian
4635:Pennsylvania
4437:
4365:By continent
4336:Hungry ghost
4306:Ghost lights
4235:
4231:
4167:
4142:
4107:
4057:
4052:) (2013b),
4038:
4034:
4008:
3989:
3967:the original
3948:
3926:. Retrieved
3912:
3900:. Retrieved
3886:
3874:. Retrieved
3860:
3848:. Retrieved
3828:
3821:
3809:. Retrieved
3789:
3782:
3770:. Retrieved
3750:
3743:
3731:. Retrieved
3711:
3689:. Retrieved
3669:
3662:
3650:. Retrieved
3641:
3632:
3620:. Retrieved
3606:
3580:. Retrieved
3566:
3554:. Retrieved
3540:
3514:. Retrieved
3507:the original
3494:
3482:. Retrieved
3462:
3455:
3443:. Retrieved
3423:
3416:
3397:
3391:
3364:. Retrieved
3342:: S90–S102.
3339:
3335:
3325:
3315:September 3,
3313:. Retrieved
3301:
3297:
3284:
3272:. Retrieved
3252:
3245:
3235:February 11,
3233:. Retrieved
3213:
3204:February 11,
3202:, retrieved
3192:
3185:
3175:February 11,
3173:. Retrieved
3153:
3146:
3121:
3117:
3111:
3099:. Retrieved
3079:
3072:
3060:. Retrieved
3040:
3033:
3021:. Retrieved
3013:Taipei Times
3012:
3003:
2991:. Retrieved
2982:
2973:
2961:. Retrieved
2952:
2942:
2930:. Retrieved
2921:
2912:
2882:
2837:
2807:
2798:
2789:
2780:
2771:
2762:
2752:
2744:Philstar.com
2743:
2733:
2724:
2715:
2703:. Retrieved
2689:
2677:. Retrieved
2663:
2622:Modern China
2616:
2583:
2555:
2536:
2516:
2492:
2480:
2471:
2462:
2438:. Retrieved
2429:
2420:
2401:
2385:
2380:
2370:February 25,
2368:. Retrieved
2360:www.bfnn.org
2359:
2350:
2342:
2337:
2325:. Retrieved
2311:
2299:. Retrieved
2285:
2275:February 15,
2273:. Retrieved
2268:
2259:
2250:
2238:. Retrieved
2230:China.org.cn
2229:
2220:
2192:
2168:
2143:
2128:
2114:
2074:
2061:Tōrō nagashi
2027:Buddhist art
1995:
1954:Pitru Paksha
1947:
1944:Pitru Paksha
1908:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1894:
1877:Sasebo River
1869:tōrō nagashi
1857:
1847:seasonal day
1845:, a type of
1842:
1825:
1823:
1809:
1805:
1804:
1799:
1783:
1779:
1769:
1767:
1749:
1737:matakadānaya
1736:
1733:mataka dānēs
1732:
1729:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1709:
1696:
1694:
1678:
1674:
1668:
1657:
1651:
1645:
1639:
1630:
1625:
1619:
1607:Tháng Cô Hồn
1606:
1601:
1599:
1569:Tháng Cô Hồn
1548:
1544:
1538:
1529:funeral home
1521:spirit money
1516:stock market
1503:
1497:
1485:
1464:
1456:
1450:
1423:
1420:Riau islands
1399:
1395:
1391:
1370:
1364:
1343:
1341:
1330:
1324:
1305:
1299:
1269:
1261:, Indonesia.
1250:
1227:
1219:
1207:
1191:
1159:
1142:Kuala Lumpur
1075:
1036:
1032:Tang dynasty
1025:
998:
995:hungry ghost
992:
977:Hungry ghost
956:papier-mâché
933:
918:
912:
904:
898:
888:
872:
868:
862:
837:
829:
825:
821:
819:
757:Southern Min
603:ㄩˊㄌㄢˊㄆㄣˊㄐㄧㄝˊ
583:Hanyu Pinyin
447:Southern Min
335:Hanyu Pinyin
233:Mataka dānēs
216:Sen Kbal tek
212:Khmer people
203:(in Vietnam)
110:Significance
29:
5893:Lao culture
5467:Stingy Jack
5452:Ghost tours
5364:Main topics
5312:Asia portal
5213:States with
5133:Philippines
5073:South Korea
5068:North Korea
4963:Afghanistan
4820:Court cases
4367:and culture
4341:Poltergeist
4096:) (2014),
3984:) (2015),
3622:February 6,
3582:February 6,
3556:February 6,
3516:December 7,
3484:December 7,
3366:December 5,
3304:(1): 3–75.
3274:December 7,
3219:"StackPath"
2983:Taiwan News
2953:Tatler Asia
2922:Taiwan News
2842:Ghost Month
2327:November 1,
2301:November 1,
2240:November 1,
2056:Phi Ta Khon
1808:(中元), also
1590: [
1572: [
1549:Ghost Month
1523:, lighting
1504:Ghost Month
1500:Philippines
1494:Philippines
1408:Java Island
1388:Pha̍k-fa-sṳ
1088:(including
1021:animalistic
909:lower realm
905:Ghost Month
743:Pha̍k-fa-sṳ
678:Eastern Min
502:Eastern Min
398:Pha̍k-fa-sṳ
355:ㄓㄨㄥ ㄩㄢˊㄐㄧㄝˊ
164:6 September
122:Observances
81:Also called
50:, Hong Kong
21:Phi Ta Khon
5817:Categories
5750:Hop-tu-Naa
5577:Television
5520:Hell house
5413:Traditions
5394:Activities
5193:Uzbekistan
5168:Tajikistan
5083:Kyrgyzstan
5063:Kazakhstan
4983:Bangladesh
4973:Azerbaijan
4756:Mediumship
4674:Polynesian
4615:California
4567:Caribbean
4499:Vietnamese
4121:): 279–301
3850:October 4,
3445:October 4,
2356:"目次：冥報記白話"
2213:References
2196:Karashima:
2180:and suiyi
2172:Karashima:
2147:Karashima:
2118:Karashima:
1889:See also:
1675:Petavatthu
1658:Petavatthu
1653:Petavatthu
1482:Pe̍h-ōe-jī
1461:hell notes
1404:Indonesian
1361:Pe̍h-ōe-jī
1321:Pe̍h-ōe-jī
1251:Hell notes
1175:joss paper
1132:Observance
1126:Moggallāna
1106:Pali Canon
1098:Petavatthu
1078:Theravadan
981:Petavatthu
952:joss paper
895:Pe̍h-ōe-jī
611:Wade–Giles
363:Wade–Giles
195:(in Korea)
187:(in Japan)
130:joss paper
5715:Allantide
5635:Gai Jatra
5489:Soul cake
5399:Geography
5355:Halloween
5279:Hong Kong
5233:Palestine
5158:Sri Lanka
5153:Singapore
5033:Indonesia
4801:Halloween
4789:Indonesia
4598:locations
4535:locations
4492:locations
4465:locations
4448:locations
4431:locations
4414:locations
4387:locations
4278:ghostlore
4173:Princeton
4148:Cambridge
4041:: 289–305
3811:March 26,
3772:March 26,
3733:March 26,
3691:March 26,
3652:March 26,
3356:1359-0987
3138:144383079
3118:Mortality
3101:March 26,
3062:March 26,
3023:March 26,
2993:March 26,
2963:March 26,
2932:March 26,
2602:cite book
2440:March 26,
2254:Chow 2015
2100:to early
1992:Indonesia
1976:, ghosts
1911:Bon Odori
1726:Sri Lanka
1698:Pchum Ben
1691:Pchum Ben
1665:Sariputta
1640:In Asian
1338:Indonesia
1210:Buddhists
1199:burlesque
1187:afterlife
1122:Sāriputta
1102:scripture
1094:Pchum Ben
1067:Pravarana
1046:scripture
940:Buddhists
869:Ghost Day
228:(in Laos)
208:Pchum Ben
172:27 August
156:18 August
148:30 August
96:Buddhists
5785:Saci Day
5770:Namahage
5760:Korochun
5425:Costumes
5302:Category
5223:Abkhazia
5173:Thailand
5128:Pakistan
5108:Mongolia
5103:Maldives
5098:Malaysia
4998:Cambodia
4905:Category
4658:Colombia
4460:Japanese
4426:Filipino
4238:: 41–55.
4127:citation
4071:citation
3922:Archived
3896:Archived
3870:Archived
3844:Archived
3805:Archived
3766:Archived
3727:Archived
3685:Archived
3646:Archived
3616:Archived
3592:cite web
3576:Archived
3550:Archived
3526:cite web
3478:Archived
3439:Archived
3360:Archived
3306:Archived
3268:Archived
3226:Archived
3198:archived
3169:Archived
3095:Archived
3056:Archived
3017:Archived
2987:Archived
2957:Archived
2926:Archived
2901:Archived
2890:Archived
2867:Archived
2856:Archived
2845:Archived
2826:Archived
2815:Archived
2705:July 26,
2699:Archived
2679:July 26,
2673:Archived
2653:Archived
2625:Archived
2564:Archived
2434:Archived
2364:Archived
2321:Archived
2295:Archived
2269:OFTaiwan
2234:Archived
2016:See also
1978:(bhutas)
1970:(Pitris)
1950:Shraddha
1925:and the
1843:zassetsu
1784:Sat Chin
1780:Sat Thai
1771:Sat Thai
1764:Sat Thai
1758:Thailand
1685:Cambodia
1622:Buddhism
1596:festival
1487:kim-chóa
1428:Mandarin
1276:Mandarin
1193:include
1146:Malaysia
1090:Cambodia
1043:Mahayana
1005:Buddhism
965:lanterns
900:Phó͘-tō͘
842:Buddhism
836:and the
662:Jyutping
597:Bopomofo
433:Jyutping
349:Bopomofo
241:Sat Thai
192:Baekjung
71:Buddhism
5690:Kaddish
5625:Chuseok
5600:Related
5510:Bonfire
5389:Symbols
5377:Samhain
5372:History
5198:Vietnam
5113:Myanmar
5093:Lebanon
5023:Georgia
4978:Bahrain
4968:Armenia
4843:Related
4806:Samhain
4692:History
4667:Oceania
4625:Indiana
4593:Mexican
4577:Navajo
4547:Romania
4531:France
4515:English
4453:Bengali
4419:Tibetan
4409:Chinese
4404:Burmese
4374:African
3928:July 3,
3902:July 3,
3876:July 3,
2402:中國節日的故事
1974:(devas)
1923:Okinawa
1921:). In
1849:in the
1810:Ochūgen
1786:in the
1559:Vietnam
1525:incense
1498:In the
1472:Chinese
1469:Hokkien
1465:Kim Cua
1378:Chinese
1351:Chinese
1348:Hokkien
1313:Chinese
1310:Hokkien
1306:Koh-tai
1222:incense
1214:Taoists
1185:to the
1112:century
1104:in the
1054:abhijñā
971:Origins
948:incense
936:Taoists
877:Chinese
798:Peng'im
795:Teochew
764:Hokkien
711:Chinese
488:Peng'im
485:Teochew
454:Hokkien
101:Taoists
5883:Ghosts
5801:
5740:Dziady
5695:Yizkor
5602:events
5565:albums
5503:Events
5243:Taiwan
5178:Turkey
5143:Russia
5078:Kuwait
5058:Jordan
5048:Israel
5008:Cyprus
4993:Brunei
4988:Bhutan
4887:Spirit
4751:Séance
4738:kaidan
4630:Oregon
4581:Chindi
4563:Canada
4508:Europe
4477:Korean
4443:Indian
4274:Ghosts
4179:
4154:
4110:中華文史論叢
4016:
3996:
3959:
3836:
3797:
3758:
3719:
3677:
3470:
3431:
3404:
3354:
3260:
3161:
3136:
3087:
3048:
2875:Taiwan
2590:
2543:
2408:
2106:Hakkas
1986:moksha
1962:heaven
1958:Hindus
1919:Kansai
1891:Segaki
1839:Daoism
1826:sangen
1806:Chūgen
1800:Chūgen
1626:Vu Lan
1587:Vu Lan
1541:Taiwan
1535:Taiwan
1484::
1474::
1449::
1447:pinyin
1441::
1433::
1418:, and
1380::
1363::
1353::
1326:ko-tâi
1323::
1315::
1298::
1296:pinyin
1290::
1282::
1114:
1110:
1063:sangha
1013:Taoism
987:, and
961:buying
897::
887::
885:pinyin
879::
834:Taoism
781:Tâi-lô
685:Fuzhou
509:Fuzhou
471:Tâi-lô
214:) and
200:Vu Lan
64:Taoism
48:Shatin
5973:Getai
5755:Kekri
5570:songs
5560:Music
5555:Films
5550:Books
5543:Media
5435:Cards
5284:Macau
5203:Yemen
5163:Syria
5138:Qatar
5118:Nepal
5053:Japan
5028:India
5018:Egypt
5003:China
4877:Geist
4784:India
4679:Maori
4571:Duppy
4482:Malay
4470:Onryō
4397:Asian
4228:(PDF)
3988:[
3970:(PDF)
3953:(PDF)
3510:(PDF)
3503:(PDF)
3309:(PDF)
3294:(PDF)
3229:(PDF)
3222:(PDF)
3134:S2CID
2133:報恩奉盆經
1938:India
1915:Kantō
1900:O-bon
1794:Japan
1751:pirit
1741:merit
1594:]
1576:]
1452:gētái
1424:Getai
1398:, or
1396:Cioko
1375:Hakka
1369:) or
1331:Getai
1304:) or
1301:gētái
1272:Getai
1259:Medan
1203:Getai
1183:souls
1179:Lotus
1082:South
1071:vassa
1058:preta
1023:way.
1000:preta
920:preta
736:Hakka
391:Hakka
5445:cake
5440:Food
5123:Oman
5088:Laos
5043:Iraq
5038:Iran
4882:Soul
4487:Thai
4276:and
4177:ISBN
4152:ISBN
4133:link
4093:辛島靜志
4087:辛嶋静志
4077:link
4049:辛嶋静志
4014:ISBN
3994:ISBN
3957:ISBN
3930:2019
3904:2019
3878:2019
3852:2020
3834:ISBN
3813:2023
3795:ISBN
3774:2023
3756:ISBN
3735:2023
3717:ISBN
3693:2023
3675:ISBN
3654:2023
3624:2017
3598:link
3584:2017
3558:2017
3532:link
3518:2016
3486:2016
3468:ISBN
3447:2020
3429:ISBN
3402:ISBN
3368:2017
3352:ISSN
3317:2018
3276:2016
3258:ISBN
3237:2017
3206:2017
3177:2017
3159:ISBN
3103:2023
3085:ISBN
3064:2023
3046:ISBN
3025:2023
2995:2023
2965:2023
2934:2023
2707:2018
2681:2018
2608:link
2588:ISBN
2541:ISBN
2442:2023
2430:澎湃新闻
2406:ISBN
2372:2023
2329:2017
2303:2017
2277:2024
2242:2017
2102:Ming
2098:Yuan
2081:歸善縣志
1998:Bali
1896:Obon
1873:Obon
1706:Laos
1416:Riau
1212:and
1166:hell
1100:, a
1084:and
1076:The
1011:and
954:, a
938:and
914:diyu
890:Pǔdù
873:Pudu
848:and
846:East
820:The
558:盂兰盆节
542:盂蘭盆節
184:Obon
137:Date
115:Hell
5255:and
4118:裘雲青
4103:盂蘭盆
4060:大法輪
4039:XVI
4030:盂蘭盆
3981:周樹佳
3344:doi
3126:doi
2124:鉢和羅
1996:In
1904:Bon
1858:Bon
1837:of
1816:お中元
1735:or
1605:as
1463:or
1402:in
1394:),
1383:七月半
1356:七月半
1274:in
1092:'s
1003:in
917:or
863:In
856:(a
840:in
832:in
824:or
767:POJ
718:七月半
688:BUC
512:BUC
457:POJ
302:中元节
286:中元節
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