548:
748:; the two tube nostrils are joined on the top of the bill, unlike on albatross, where they are separated and on the side of the bill. Giant petrels are also the only members of the family Procellariidae to have strong legs to walk on land. They are also much darker and more mottled brown (except for the white morph southern, which are whiter than any albatross) and have a more hunch-backed look. The bills of Procellariiformes are also unique in that they are split into between seven and nine horny plates. The petrels have a hooked bill called the maxillary unguis which can hold slippery prey. They produce a stomach oil made up of
486:
1059:
1043:
610:
121:
507:
139:
569:
892:
868:. They will display their dominance over carcasses with a "sealmaster posture": the head and the wings are held outstretched, the head pointing at the opponent and the wingtips pointing slightly back; the tail is raised to a vertical position. Giant petrels are extremely aggressive and will kill other seabirds (usually penguin chicks, sick or injured adult penguins and the chicks of other seabirds), even those as large as an
3339:
2851:
836:
795:
of the normal morph typically appear dark-eyed (occasionally flecked paler). Classic examples of northern giant are identifiable at some range. Young birds of both species are all dark and very hard to distinguish unless bill tip colour can be seen. Some relatively young northern giant petrels can
739:
The southern giant petrel is slightly larger than the northern giant petrel, at 3 to 8 kg (6.6β17.6 lb), 180 to 210 cm (71β83 in) across the wings, and 86 to 100 cm (34β39 in) of body length. The northern giant petrel is 3 to 5 kg
313:, which consists of two living and one extinct species. They are the largest birds in this family. Both extant species in the genus are native to the Southern Hemisphere. Giant petrels are extremely aggressive
939:, subsequent evidence suggested they were less threatened than previously believed, and the populations of both actually appeared to have increased, at least locally. Consequently, they were listed as
947:
856:
Petrels are highly opportunistic feeders. Unique among procellarids, they will feed both on land and at sea; the majority of their food is found near coastlines. On land, they feed on
2026:
760:. This can be sprayed out of their mouths as a defence against predators and as a protein-rich food source for chicks and for the adults during their long flights. Petrels have a
1766:
1549:
1473:. Vol. 8 Birds I Tinamous and Ratites to Hoatzins. Joseph E. Trumpey, Chief Scientific Illustrator (2nd ed.). Farmington Hills, MI: Gale Group. pp. 107β111.
1148:. Vol. 8 Birds I Tinamous and Ratites to Hoatzins. Joseph E. Trumpey, Chief Scientific Illustrator (2nd ed.). Farmington Hills, MI: Gale Group. pp. 123β133.
1418:
547:
1527:
740:(6.6β11.0 lb), 150 to 210 cm (59β83 in) across the wings and 80 to 95 cm (31β37 in) of body length. They superficially resemble the
1604:
de Bruyn, P. J. N.; Cooper, J. (2005). "Who's the boss? Giant petrel arrival times and interspecific interactions at a seal carcass at sub-Antarctic Marion Island".
3591:
3483:
2083:
1042:
2051:
3509:
1929:
1144:
Maynard, B. J. (2003). "Shearwaters, petrels, and fulmars (Procellariidae)". In
Hutchins, Michael; Jackson, Jerome A.; Bock, Walter J.; Olendorf, Donna (eds.).
1058:
2238:
1367:
950:, while the northern giant petrel is listed on the same act as vulnerable. Their conservation status also varies from state to state within Australia.
3457:
1469:
Double, M. C. (2003). "Procellariiformes (Tubenosed
Seabirds)". In Hutchins, Michael; Jackson, Jerome A.; Bock, Walter J.; Olendorf, Donna (eds.).
3496:
1195:
1274:
1264:
1252:. Vol. 1 (2nd ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 59 – via Biodiversity Heritage Library.
2112:
1447:
2192:
2174:
1774:
1588:
1557:
1511:
1478:
1153:
3558:
2231:
1410:
565:
Southern Ocean north of the
Antarctic Convergence Zone, and north through Chile, Argentina, South Africa, and half of Australia.
907:
The southern giant petrel is more likely to form loose colonies than the northern, both species laying a single egg in a rough
1292:"A classification of the bird species of South America South American Classification Committee American Ornithologists' Union"
767:
The two species are difficult to tell from each other, possessing similar long, pale, orange bills and uniform, mottled grey
764:
situated above the nasal passage that helps to desalinate their bodies by excreting a high saline solution from their noses.
3501:
1343:
1951:
943:
on the 2009 Red List and afterwards (as of IUCN's last assessment in 2018, they continue to be listed as least concern).
2216:
3431:
3418:
2224:
485:
779:
is pale green, appearing slightly darker and lighter than the rest of the bill, respectively. The underside of older
138:
1921:
3514:
744:, and are the only procellarids that can equal them in size. They can be separated from the albatrosses by their
1998:
1973:
1375:
1217:
455:
354:
217:
240:
3338:
609:
3358:
1852:
1796:
3545:
3436:
676:
592:
530:
493:
407:
399:
358:
274:
262:
233:
1875:
1819:
1743:
1697:
1640:
2669:
787:, the latter showing a contrast between paler head and neck and darker belly. Additionally, adults of
3586:
3563:
3524:
3405:
840:
692:
1187:
2850:
2146:
923:
after about four months, but do not achieve sexual maturity for six or seven years after fledging.
796:
appear to be paler on the head, suggesting southern giant, thus this species is harder to confirm.
672:
120:
3195:
2738:
2342:
2957:
2810:
2745:
2639:
2495:
2402:
2293:
1894:
1890:
1838:
1834:
1621:
1521:
712:
133:
3550:
3278:
3226:
3049:
3022:
3012:
2943:
2462:
2442:
2392:
1581:
Latin Names
Explained A Guide to the Scientific Classifications of Reptiles, Birds & Mammals
3073:
2966:
2892:
2648:
1503:
771:(except for around 15% of southern petrels, which are almost completely white). The billtip of
3532:
3488:
3444:
3039:
2980:
2913:
2868:
2724:
2585:
2211:
2188:
2170:
1584:
1507:
1474:
1270:
1149:
832:
and the story of his walking on water, as they appear to run on the water when they take off.
801:
684:
617:
555:
439:
286:
190:
3396:
3537:
2655:
2605:
1870:
1814:
1738:
1692:
1655:
1613:
1115:
1105:
916:
688:
423:
3090:
506:
2700:
2565:
1439:
932:
891:
675:, and though their distributions overlap significantly, with both species breeding on the
2212:
Video of George the Giant Petrel being released by New
Zealand Department of Conservation
1856:
1800:
1720:
1674:
3309:
3292:
3169:
2927:
2710:
2685:
1496:
817:
757:
724:
720:
696:
680:
310:
200:
872:, which they kill either by battering them to death or drowning. At sea, they feed on
568:
3580:
2759:
2625:
2505:
1865:
1809:
1729:
1683:
940:
936:
881:
753:
716:
370:
365:
which was found to have been earlier applied to a different group of birds. The name
78:
3410:
1954:. Australian government: Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts
1625:
1247:
3423:
3268:
3149:
3124:
3080:
2989:
2936:
2777:
2731:
2717:
2575:
2473:
2432:
1221:
1049:
482:
Southern giant petrel, Antarctic giant petrel, giant fulmar, stinker, and stinkpot
226:
3449:
398:(they were not established as separate species until 1966), the two species, the
3470:
3390:
3323:
3285:
3261:
3247:
3209:
3138:
3101:
3056:
3000:
2902:
2786:
2766:
2752:
2678:
2485:
2422:
2382:
2332:
431:
427:
395:
53:
2205:
341:. They are the only member of their family that is capable of walking on land.
3299:
3254:
3178:
3158:
3063:
2831:
2824:
2817:
2615:
2595:
2412:
2287:
1617:
1243:
896:
761:
700:
648:
98:
63:
3381:
919:
for about 60 days; once hatched the chick is brooded for three weeks. Chicks
3240:
3131:
2800:
2525:
2256:
1110:
1089:
908:
869:
829:
749:
741:
318:
150:
103:
17:
422:, to form a distinct subgroup within the Procellariidae, and including the
835:
3375:
3316:
3233:
3202:
3117:
3110:
3029:
2793:
2545:
2372:
2362:
2275:
1318:
912:
865:
861:
314:
170:
93:
88:
73:
68:
58:
46:
42:
1579:
Gotch, A. F. (1995) . "Albatrosses, Fulmars, Shearwaters, and
Petrels".
3462:
3216:
3185:
2555:
2452:
2308:
2248:
1120:
857:
805:
is characterized by having smaller bodies than their living relatives.
768:
384:
108:
83:
1922:"Macronectes giganteus β Southern Giant-Petrel, Southern Giant Petrel"
1659:
2535:
2515:
2352:
2269:
2252:
1291:
920:
728:
415:
160:
3475:
3352:
946:
The southern giant petrel is listed as endangered on the
Australian
1094:, Aves: Procellariidae) from the Pliocene of Taranaki, New Zealand"
890:
885:
877:
873:
834:
388:
300:
2281:
745:
180:
3356:
2866:
2306:
2220:
2183:
del Hoyo, Josep, Elliott, Andrew & Sargatal, Jordi (1992).
2120:
Victoria State
Government Environment, Land, Water and Planning
1502:(First ed.). New York, NY: Simon & Schuster. pp.
325:. Seamen and whalers also referred to the giant petrel as the
2147:"Systema Naturae 2000 / Classification - Genus Macronectes -"
948:
Environment
Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999
503:
Antarctica to the subtropics of Chile, Africa, and
Australia
1494:
Ehrlich, Paul R.; Dobkin, David, S.; Wheye, Darryl (1988).
434:, they form a separate group from the rest of the family.
2088:
Department of Natural Resources and Environment Tasmania
911:
built about 50 cm (20 in) off the ground. The
695:, many southern giant petrels nest farther south, with
2113:"Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act 1988 - Threatened List"
1344:"Southern Giant/Northern Giant Petrel in Co. Durham:"
353:
was introduced in 1905 by the American ornithologist
3305:
3274:
3222:
3191:
3086:
3069:
3045:
3035:
3018:
3008:
2977:
2954:
2924:
2909:
2898:
2888:
2806:
2696:
2666:
2636:
2621:
2611:
2601:
2591:
2581:
2571:
2561:
2551:
2541:
2531:
2521:
2511:
2501:
2491:
2481:
2458:
2448:
2438:
2428:
2418:
2408:
2398:
2388:
2378:
2368:
2358:
2348:
2338:
2328:
1767:"Northern Giant-petrel - BirdLife Species Factsheet"
1550:"Southern Giant-petrel - BirdLife Species Factsheet"
3365:
3168:
3148:
3100:
2999:
2976:
2953:
2923:
2879:
2776:
2695:
2665:
2635:
2472:
2319:
2206:
Species text in The Atlas of Southern African Birds
2003:
NSW Government Office of Environment & Heritage
1978:
NSW Government Office of Environment & Heritage
1226:
Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington
1876:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22697859A132609000.en
1820:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22697852A132608499.en
1744:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22697859A132609000.en
1698:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22697852A132608499.en
1495:
1088:Tennyson, Alan J.D.; Salvador, Rodrigo B. (2023).
860:, and regularly scavenge the breeding colonies of
828:meaning "swimmer". Also, petrel is derived from
443:is known from the Pliocene epoch of New Zealand.
1232:: 76 – via Biodiversity Heritage Library.
2084:"Threatened Species List - Vertebrate Animals"
1064:Giant petrel flying above South Georgia Island
2232:
1290:Remsen Jr., J. V.; et al. (7 Aug 2008).
544:Northern giant petrel or Hall's giant petrel
8:
1583:. New York, NY: Facts on File. p. 191.
1526:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1266:The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names
1083:
1081:
1079:
791:typically appear pale-eyed, while adults of
383:The present-day giant petrels are two large
1440:"Northern Giant Petrel - Macronectes halli"
1411:"Macronectes halli β Northern Giant Petrel"
884:and other ships, in the hope of picking up
727:, marking the first record of the genus in
606:Tina's giant petrel, Taranaki giant petrel
3353:
2876:
2863:
2632:
2316:
2303:
2239:
2225:
2217:
839:Giant petrel feeding on a seal carcass in
119:
31:
1874:
1818:
1742:
1696:
1269:. London: Christopher Helm. p. 236.
1139:
1137:
1135:
1133:
1131:
1119:
1109:
703:. In July 2019, an individual, either of
671:The living species are restricted to the
414:, are considered with the two species of
2167:Albatrosses And Petrels Across The World
952:
445:
2169:. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
1374:. Australian Government. Archived from
1296:South American Classification Committee
1222:"New generic name for the giant fulmar"
1075:
1038:
3592:Taxa named by Charles Wallace Richmond
2204:Southern and Northern Giant Petrels -
2052:"National Parks and Wildlife Act 1972"
1543:
1541:
1539:
1537:
1519:
1450:from the original on 17 September 2018
1319:"Procellariidae. Shearwaters, Petrels"
1198:from the original on 29 September 2022
1171:Nests and Eggs of North American Birds
2165:Brooke, M. (2004). "Procellariidae".
2107:
2105:
2078:
2076:
2021:
2019:
1916:
1914:
1912:
1910:
1908:
1906:
1904:
1405:
1403:
1401:
1399:
1397:
1395:
1393:
1246:; Cottrell, G. William, eds. (1979).
1048:Giant petrel which has just killed a
783:birds is paler and more uniform than
477:IUCN status and estimated population
321:, inspiring another common name, the
7:
3525:ad7cdef9-a75e-4ef1-843b-4c1d6de80eea
1926:Species Profile and Threats Database
1415:Species Profile and Threats Database
1182:
1180:
1952:"EPBC Act List of Threatened Fauna"
1866:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1810:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1730:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1684:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1368:"Southern Giant Petrel - Fact File"
1641:"Albatross Killed by Giant-petrel"
1471:Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia
1146:Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia
931:While both species were listed as
25:
1999:"Southern Giant Petrel - profile"
1974:"Northern Giant-Petrel - profile"
361:. It replaced the previous genus
3337:
2849:
2187:Vol 1. Barcelona:Lynx Edicions,
1421:from the original on 2 June 2011
1298:. American Ornithologists' Union
1249:Check-List of Birds of the World
1057:
1041:
627:extinct (New Zealand, Pliocene)
608:
567:
546:
505:
484:
137:
1932:from the original on 4 May 2022
1928:. Australian Government. 2022.
1765:BirdLife International (2009).
1719:BirdLife International (2018).
1673:BirdLife International (2018).
1548:BirdLife International (2009).
1417:. Australian Government. 2022.
1173:. Hann & Adair. p. 43.
623:(Tennyson & Salvador, 2023)
468:Scientific name and subspecies
357:to accommodate what is now the
128:Southern giant petrel juvenile
2185:Handbook of Birds of the World
2145:Brands, Sheila (14 Aug 2008).
880:, and fish. They often follow
1:
1893:}}: |date= / |doi= mismatch (
1837:}}: |date= / |doi= mismatch (
958:species in Australian States
1317:Tree of Life (27 Jun 2008).
775:is reddish-pink and that of
2059:Legislation South Australia
2027:"Search threatened species"
895:Giant petrel with chick in
3608:
1263:Jobling, James A. (2010).
3335:
2875:
2862:
2847:
2315:
2302:
2264:
1737:: e.T22697859A132609000.
1691:: e.T22697852A132608499.
1618:10.1007/s00300-005-0724-7
1218:Richmond, Charles Wallace
605:
543:
481:
476:
473:
470:
467:
464:
253:
248:
232:
225:
134:Scientific classification
132:
127:
118:
34:
2259:and their extinct allies
2151:Project: The Taxonomicon
1323:Tree of Life Web Project
394:. Long considered to be
355:Charles Wallace Richmond
1554:Bird Life International
1111:10.3390/taxonomy3010006
954:Conservation Status of
756:which is stored in the
437:A fossil giant petrel,
2122:. June 2022. p. 6
1853:BirdLife International
1797:BirdLife International
1771:BirdLife International
899:
843:
3546:Paleobiology Database
1803:Macronectes giganteus
1677:Macronectes giganteus
1192:Oceanwide Expeditions
1090:"A new giant petrel (
972:Macronectes giganteus
894:
838:
677:Prince Edward Islands
494:Macronectes giganteus
408:northern giant petrel
400:southern giant petrel
359:southern giant petrel
275:Northern giant petrel
263:Southern giant petrel
257:Macronectes giganteus
1498:The Birders Handbook
376:meaning "great" and
235:Procellaria gigantea
2640:Palaeospheniscinae
1639:Cox, J. B. (1978).
959:
824:meaning "long" and
673:Southern Hemisphere
461:
380:meaning "swimmer".
287:Tina's giant petrel
2294:Austrodyptornithes
2090:. 6 September 2022
2061:. 2020. p. 24
2031:Microsoft Power BI
1777:on 1 December 2008
1560:on 1 December 2008
1348:britishbirds.co.uk
1169:Davie, O. (1889).
953:
900:
888:and other waste.
844:
446:
309:, from the family
3574:
3573:
3533:Open Tree of Life
3359:Taxon identifiers
3350:
3349:
3346:
3345:
3333:
3332:
2981:Tytthostonychidae
2869:Procellariiformes
2858:
2857:
2845:
2844:
2841:
2840:
2725:Archaeospheniscus
2586:Palaeoapterodytes
2005:. 13 January 2022
1980:. 13 January 2022
1869:. 7 August 2018.
1859:Macronectes halli
1855:(7 August 2018).
1813:. 7 August 2018.
1799:(7 August 2018).
1723:Macronectes halli
1660:10.1071/MU9780094
1276:978-1-4081-2501-4
1032:
1031:
967:Macronectes halli
802:Macronectes tinae
711:, was found as a
685:Kerguelen Islands
664:
663:
624:
618:Macronectes tinae
562:
556:Macronectes halli
500:
474:Size and ecology
459:
440:Macronectes tinae
294:
293:
289:
281:Macronectes tinae
277:
269:Macronectes halli
265:
221:
191:Procellariiformes
49:
16:(Redirected from
3599:
3567:
3566:
3554:
3553:
3541:
3540:
3528:
3527:
3518:
3517:
3505:
3504:
3492:
3491:
3479:
3478:
3466:
3465:
3453:
3452:
3440:
3439:
3427:
3426:
3414:
3413:
3401:
3400:
3399:
3386:
3385:
3384:
3354:
3341:
3307:
3276:
3224:
3193:
3088:
3071:
3047:
3037:
3020:
3010:
2979:
2956:
2926:
2911:
2900:
2890:
2877:
2864:
2853:
2808:
2698:
2670:Paraptenodytinae
2668:
2656:Palaeospheniscus
2638:
2633:
2623:
2613:
2606:Pseudaptenodytes
2603:
2593:
2583:
2573:
2563:
2553:
2543:
2533:
2523:
2513:
2503:
2493:
2483:
2460:
2450:
2440:
2430:
2420:
2410:
2400:
2390:
2380:
2370:
2360:
2350:
2340:
2330:
2317:
2304:
2241:
2234:
2227:
2218:
2180:
2161:
2159:
2157:
2132:
2131:
2129:
2127:
2117:
2109:
2100:
2099:
2097:
2095:
2080:
2071:
2070:
2068:
2066:
2056:
2048:
2042:
2041:
2039:
2038:
2023:
2014:
2013:
2011:
2010:
1995:
1989:
1988:
1986:
1985:
1970:
1964:
1963:
1961:
1959:
1948:
1942:
1941:
1939:
1937:
1918:
1899:
1898:
1887:
1885:
1883:
1878:
1849:
1843:
1842:
1831:
1829:
1827:
1822:
1793:
1787:
1786:
1784:
1782:
1773:. Archived from
1762:
1756:
1755:
1753:
1751:
1746:
1716:
1710:
1709:
1707:
1705:
1700:
1670:
1664:
1663:
1645:
1636:
1630:
1629:
1601:
1595:
1594:
1576:
1570:
1569:
1567:
1565:
1556:. Archived from
1545:
1532:
1531:
1525:
1517:
1501:
1491:
1485:
1484:
1466:
1460:
1459:
1457:
1455:
1436:
1430:
1429:
1427:
1426:
1407:
1388:
1387:
1385:
1383:
1364:
1358:
1357:
1355:
1354:
1340:
1334:
1333:
1331:
1329:
1314:
1308:
1307:
1305:
1303:
1287:
1281:
1280:
1260:
1254:
1253:
1240:
1234:
1233:
1214:
1208:
1207:
1205:
1203:
1184:
1175:
1174:
1166:
1160:
1159:
1141:
1126:
1125:
1123:
1113:
1085:
1061:
1045:
960:
699:as far south as
689:Macquarie Island
652:
622:
612:
596:
571:
560:
550:
534:
509:
498:
488:
462:
460:β three species
454:
424:Antarctic petrel
285:
273:
261:
216:
142:
141:
123:
113:
50:
41:
38:Temporal range:
32:
21:
3607:
3606:
3602:
3601:
3600:
3598:
3597:
3596:
3577:
3576:
3575:
3570:
3562:
3557:
3549:
3544:
3536:
3531:
3523:
3521:
3513:
3508:
3500:
3495:
3487:
3482:
3474:
3469:
3461:
3456:
3448:
3443:
3435:
3430:
3422:
3417:
3409:
3404:
3395:
3394:
3389:
3380:
3379:
3374:
3361:
3351:
3342:
3329:
3164:
3144:
3096:
2995:
2972:
2949:
2919:
2871:
2854:
2837:
2772:
2701:Palaeeudyptinae
2691:
2661:
2631:
2566:Marambiornopsis
2468:
2311:
2309:Sphenisciformes
2298:
2260:
2245:
2201:
2177:
2164:
2155:
2153:
2144:
2141:
2136:
2135:
2125:
2123:
2115:
2111:
2110:
2103:
2093:
2091:
2082:
2081:
2074:
2064:
2062:
2054:
2050:
2049:
2045:
2036:
2034:
2025:
2024:
2017:
2008:
2006:
1997:
1996:
1992:
1983:
1981:
1972:
1971:
1967:
1957:
1955:
1950:
1949:
1945:
1935:
1933:
1920:
1919:
1902:
1888:
1881:
1879:
1851:
1850:
1846:
1832:
1825:
1823:
1795:
1794:
1790:
1780:
1778:
1764:
1763:
1759:
1749:
1747:
1718:
1717:
1713:
1703:
1701:
1672:
1671:
1667:
1643:
1638:
1637:
1633:
1603:
1602:
1598:
1591:
1578:
1577:
1573:
1563:
1561:
1547:
1546:
1535:
1518:
1514:
1493:
1492:
1488:
1481:
1468:
1467:
1463:
1453:
1451:
1438:
1437:
1433:
1424:
1422:
1409:
1408:
1391:
1381:
1379:
1378:on 20 July 2008
1366:
1365:
1361:
1352:
1350:
1342:
1341:
1337:
1327:
1325:
1316:
1315:
1311:
1301:
1299:
1289:
1288:
1284:
1277:
1262:
1261:
1257:
1242:
1241:
1237:
1216:
1215:
1211:
1201:
1199:
1188:"Giant Petrels"
1186:
1185:
1178:
1168:
1167:
1163:
1156:
1143:
1142:
1129:
1087:
1086:
1077:
1072:
1065:
1062:
1053:
1046:
1037:
933:near threatened
929:
905:
854:
849:
816:comes from the
811:
737:
669:
659:
656:
650:
641:
640:
635:
634:
621:
600:
594:
585:
584:
579:
578:
566:
559:
538:
532:
523:
522:
517:
516:
504:
497:
347:
284:
278:
272:
266:
260:
244:
238:
215:
136:
114:
112:
111:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
40:
39:
36:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3605:
3603:
3595:
3594:
3589:
3579:
3578:
3572:
3571:
3569:
3568:
3555:
3542:
3529:
3519:
3506:
3493:
3480:
3467:
3454:
3441:
3428:
3415:
3402:
3387:
3371:
3369:
3363:
3362:
3357:
3348:
3347:
3344:
3343:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3330:
3328:
3327:
3320:
3313:
3310:Pterodromoides
3303:
3296:
3293:Pseudobulweria
3289:
3282:
3272:
3265:
3258:
3251:
3244:
3237:
3230:
3220:
3213:
3206:
3199:
3189:
3182:
3174:
3172:
3170:Procellariidae
3166:
3165:
3163:
3162:
3154:
3152:
3146:
3145:
3143:
3142:
3135:
3128:
3121:
3114:
3106:
3104:
3098:
3097:
3095:
3094:
3084:
3077:
3067:
3060:
3053:
3043:
3033:
3026:
3016:
3005:
3003:
2997:
2996:
2994:
2993:
2985:
2983:
2974:
2973:
2971:
2970:
2962:
2960:
2951:
2950:
2948:
2947:
2940:
2932:
2930:
2928:Diomedeoididae
2921:
2920:
2918:
2917:
2907:
2896:
2885:
2883:
2881:incertae sedis
2873:
2872:
2867:
2860:
2859:
2856:
2855:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2842:
2839:
2838:
2836:
2835:
2828:
2821:
2814:
2804:
2797:
2790:
2782:
2780:
2774:
2773:
2771:
2770:
2763:
2756:
2749:
2742:
2735:
2728:
2721:
2714:
2711:Anthropodyptes
2706:
2704:
2693:
2692:
2690:
2689:
2686:Paraptenodytes
2682:
2674:
2672:
2663:
2662:
2660:
2659:
2652:
2644:
2642:
2630:
2629:
2619:
2609:
2599:
2589:
2579:
2569:
2559:
2549:
2539:
2529:
2519:
2509:
2499:
2489:
2478:
2476:
2470:
2469:
2467:
2466:
2456:
2446:
2436:
2426:
2416:
2406:
2396:
2386:
2376:
2366:
2356:
2346:
2336:
2325:
2323:
2321:incertae sedis
2313:
2312:
2307:
2300:
2299:
2297:
2296:
2290:
2284:
2278:
2272:
2265:
2262:
2261:
2246:
2244:
2243:
2236:
2229:
2221:
2215:
2214:
2209:
2200:
2199:External links
2197:
2196:
2195:
2181:
2175:
2162:
2140:
2137:
2134:
2133:
2101:
2072:
2043:
2015:
1990:
1965:
1943:
1900:
1844:
1788:
1757:
1711:
1665:
1631:
1612:(7): 571β573.
1596:
1589:
1571:
1533:
1512:
1486:
1479:
1461:
1431:
1389:
1359:
1335:
1309:
1282:
1275:
1255:
1235:
1209:
1176:
1161:
1154:
1127:
1074:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1067:
1066:
1063:
1056:
1054:
1047:
1040:
1036:
1033:
1030:
1029:
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1023:
1019:
1018:
1015:
1012:
1008:
1007:
1004:
1001:
997:
996:
993:
990:
986:
985:
982:
979:
975:
974:
969:
964:
928:
925:
904:
901:
853:
850:
848:
845:
810:
807:
758:proventriculus
736:
733:
725:United Kingdom
721:Northumberland
681:Crozet Islands
668:
665:
662:
661:
651: EX
646:
628:
625:
614:
603:
602:
595: LC
590:
572:
563:
552:
541:
540:
533: LC
528:
510:
501:
499:(Gmelin, 1789)
490:
479:
478:
475:
472:
469:
466:
346:
343:
311:Procellariidae
292:
291:
251:
250:
246:
245:
239:
230:
229:
223:
222:
208:
204:
203:
201:Procellariidae
198:
194:
193:
188:
184:
183:
178:
174:
173:
168:
164:
163:
158:
154:
153:
148:
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143:
130:
129:
125:
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116:
115:
107:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
51:
37:
27:Genus of birds
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3604:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3584:
3582:
3565:
3560:
3556:
3552:
3547:
3543:
3539:
3534:
3530:
3526:
3520:
3516:
3511:
3507:
3503:
3498:
3494:
3490:
3485:
3481:
3477:
3472:
3468:
3464:
3459:
3455:
3451:
3446:
3442:
3438:
3433:
3429:
3425:
3420:
3416:
3412:
3407:
3403:
3398:
3392:
3388:
3383:
3377:
3373:
3372:
3370:
3368:
3364:
3360:
3355:
3340:
3326:
3325:
3321:
3319:
3318:
3314:
3312:
3311:
3304:
3302:
3301:
3297:
3295:
3294:
3290:
3288:
3287:
3283:
3281:
3280:
3273:
3271:
3270:
3266:
3264:
3263:
3259:
3257:
3256:
3252:
3250:
3249:
3245:
3243:
3242:
3238:
3236:
3235:
3231:
3229:
3228:
3221:
3219:
3218:
3214:
3212:
3211:
3207:
3205:
3204:
3200:
3198:
3197:
3190:
3188:
3187:
3183:
3181:
3180:
3176:
3175:
3173:
3171:
3167:
3161:
3160:
3156:
3155:
3153:
3151:
3147:
3141:
3140:
3136:
3134:
3133:
3129:
3127:
3126:
3122:
3120:
3119:
3115:
3113:
3112:
3108:
3107:
3105:
3103:
3099:
3093:
3092:
3085:
3083:
3082:
3078:
3076:
3075:
3068:
3066:
3065:
3061:
3059:
3058:
3054:
3052:
3051:
3044:
3042:
3041:
3034:
3032:
3031:
3027:
3025:
3024:
3017:
3015:
3014:
3007:
3006:
3004:
3002:
2998:
2992:
2991:
2987:
2986:
2984:
2982:
2975:
2969:
2968:
2964:
2963:
2961:
2959:
2952:
2946:
2945:
2941:
2939:
2938:
2934:
2933:
2931:
2929:
2922:
2916:
2915:
2908:
2905:
2904:
2897:
2895:
2894:
2887:
2886:
2884:
2882:
2878:
2874:
2870:
2865:
2861:
2852:
2834:
2833:
2829:
2827:
2826:
2822:
2820:
2819:
2815:
2813:
2812:
2805:
2803:
2802:
2798:
2796:
2795:
2791:
2789:
2788:
2784:
2783:
2781:
2779:
2775:
2769:
2768:
2764:
2762:
2761:
2760:Palaeeudyptes
2757:
2755:
2754:
2750:
2748:
2747:
2743:
2741:
2740:
2736:
2734:
2733:
2729:
2727:
2726:
2722:
2720:
2719:
2715:
2713:
2712:
2708:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2694:
2688:
2687:
2683:
2681:
2680:
2676:
2675:
2673:
2671:
2664:
2658:
2657:
2653:
2651:
2650:
2646:
2645:
2643:
2641:
2634:
2628:
2627:
2626:Tereingaornis
2620:
2618:
2617:
2610:
2608:
2607:
2600:
2598:
2597:
2590:
2588:
2587:
2580:
2578:
2577:
2570:
2568:
2567:
2560:
2558:
2557:
2550:
2548:
2547:
2540:
2538:
2537:
2530:
2528:
2527:
2520:
2518:
2517:
2510:
2508:
2507:
2506:Duntroonornis
2500:
2498:
2497:
2490:
2488:
2487:
2480:
2479:
2477:
2475:
2471:
2465:
2464:
2457:
2455:
2454:
2447:
2445:
2444:
2437:
2435:
2434:
2427:
2425:
2424:
2417:
2415:
2414:
2407:
2405:
2404:
2397:
2395:
2394:
2387:
2385:
2384:
2377:
2375:
2374:
2367:
2365:
2364:
2357:
2355:
2354:
2347:
2345:
2344:
2337:
2335:
2334:
2327:
2326:
2324:
2322:
2318:
2314:
2310:
2305:
2301:
2295:
2291:
2289:
2285:
2283:
2279:
2277:
2273:
2271:
2267:
2266:
2263:
2258:
2254:
2250:
2242:
2237:
2235:
2230:
2228:
2223:
2222:
2219:
2213:
2210:
2207:
2203:
2202:
2198:
2194:
2193:84-87334-10-5
2190:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2176:0-19-850125-0
2172:
2168:
2163:
2152:
2148:
2143:
2142:
2138:
2121:
2114:
2108:
2106:
2102:
2089:
2085:
2079:
2077:
2073:
2060:
2053:
2047:
2044:
2032:
2028:
2022:
2020:
2016:
2004:
2000:
1994:
1991:
1979:
1975:
1969:
1966:
1953:
1947:
1944:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1917:
1915:
1913:
1911:
1909:
1907:
1905:
1901:
1896:
1892:
1877:
1872:
1868:
1867:
1862:
1860:
1854:
1848:
1845:
1840:
1836:
1821:
1816:
1812:
1811:
1806:
1804:
1798:
1792:
1789:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1761:
1758:
1745:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1731:
1726:
1724:
1715:
1712:
1699:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1685:
1680:
1678:
1669:
1666:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1642:
1635:
1632:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1606:Polar Biology
1600:
1597:
1592:
1590:0-8160-3377-3
1586:
1582:
1575:
1572:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1544:
1542:
1540:
1538:
1534:
1529:
1523:
1515:
1513:0-671-65989-8
1509:
1505:
1500:
1499:
1490:
1487:
1482:
1480:0-7876-5784-0
1476:
1472:
1465:
1462:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1435:
1432:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1406:
1404:
1402:
1400:
1398:
1396:
1394:
1390:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1363:
1360:
1349:
1345:
1339:
1336:
1324:
1320:
1313:
1310:
1297:
1293:
1286:
1283:
1278:
1272:
1268:
1267:
1259:
1256:
1251:
1250:
1245:
1239:
1236:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1213:
1210:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1183:
1181:
1177:
1172:
1165:
1162:
1157:
1155:0-7876-5784-0
1151:
1147:
1140:
1138:
1136:
1134:
1132:
1128:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1093:
1084:
1082:
1080:
1076:
1069:
1060:
1055:
1051:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1027:
1024:
1021:
1020:
1016:
1013:
1010:
1009:
1005:
1002:
999:
998:
994:
991:
988:
987:
983:
980:
977:
976:
973:
970:
968:
965:
962:
961:
957:
951:
949:
944:
942:
941:least concern
938:
937:IUCN Red List
934:
926:
924:
922:
918:
914:
910:
902:
898:
893:
889:
887:
883:
882:fishing boats
879:
875:
871:
867:
863:
859:
851:
846:
842:
841:South Georgia
837:
833:
831:
827:
823:
819:
815:
808:
806:
804:
803:
797:
794:
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
765:
763:
759:
755:
754:triglycerides
751:
747:
743:
734:
732:
730:
726:
722:
718:
717:County Durham
714:
710:
706:
702:
698:
694:
693:South Georgia
690:
686:
682:
678:
674:
666:
660:
657:
654:
653:
647:
644:
638:
632:
629:
626:
620:
619:
615:
613:
611:
604:
601:
598:
597:
591:
588:
582:
576:
573:
570:
564:
561:Mathews, 1912
558:
557:
553:
551:
549:
542:
539:
536:
535:
529:
526:
520:
514:
511:
508:
502:
496:
495:
491:
489:
487:
480:
463:
457:
452:
451:
444:
442:
441:
435:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
390:
386:
381:
379:
375:
372:
371:Ancient Greek
369:combines the
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
344:
342:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
307:
302:
298:
297:Giant petrels
290:
288:
283:
282:
276:
271:
270:
264:
259:
258:
252:
247:
242:
237:
236:
231:
228:
224:
219:
214:
213:
209:
206:
205:
202:
199:
196:
195:
192:
189:
186:
185:
182:
179:
176:
175:
172:
169:
166:
165:
162:
159:
156:
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65:
60:
55:
48:
44:
33:
30:
19:
3366:
3322:
3315:
3308:
3298:
3291:
3284:
3277:
3269:Pelecanoides
3267:
3260:
3253:
3246:
3239:
3232:
3225:
3215:
3208:
3201:
3196:Argyrodyptes
3194:
3184:
3177:
3157:
3150:Hydrobatidae
3137:
3130:
3125:Nesofregetta
3123:
3116:
3109:
3089:
3081:Thalassarche
3079:
3072:
3062:
3055:
3048:
3038:
3028:
3021:
3011:
2990:Tytthostonyx
2988:
2965:
2942:
2937:Diomedeoides
2935:
2912:
2901:
2891:
2880:
2830:
2823:
2816:
2809:
2799:
2792:
2785:
2778:Spheniscinae
2765:
2758:
2751:
2744:
2739:Marambiornis
2737:
2732:Delphinornis
2730:
2723:
2718:Anthropornis
2716:
2709:
2684:
2677:
2654:
2647:
2624:
2614:
2604:
2594:
2584:
2576:Marplesornis
2574:
2564:
2554:
2544:
2534:
2524:
2514:
2504:
2494:
2484:
2474:Spheniscidae
2461:
2451:
2441:
2433:Sequiwaimanu
2431:
2421:
2411:
2401:
2391:
2381:
2371:
2361:
2351:
2343:Aprosdokitos
2341:
2331:
2320:
2286:Infraclass:
2184:
2166:
2154:. Retrieved
2150:
2126:29 September
2124:. Retrieved
2119:
2094:29 September
2092:. Retrieved
2087:
2065:29 September
2063:. Retrieved
2058:
2046:
2035:. Retrieved
2033:. April 2022
2030:
2007:. Retrieved
2002:
1993:
1982:. Retrieved
1977:
1968:
1956:. Retrieved
1946:
1936:29 September
1934:. Retrieved
1925:
1880:. Retrieved
1864:
1858:
1847:
1824:. Retrieved
1808:
1802:
1791:
1779:. Retrieved
1775:the original
1770:
1760:
1748:. Retrieved
1734:
1728:
1722:
1714:
1702:. Retrieved
1688:
1682:
1676:
1668:
1654:(2): 94β95.
1651:
1647:
1634:
1609:
1605:
1599:
1580:
1574:
1562:. Retrieved
1558:the original
1553:
1497:
1489:
1470:
1464:
1452:. Retrieved
1443:
1434:
1423:. Retrieved
1414:
1382:23 September
1380:. Retrieved
1376:the original
1372:Heard Island
1371:
1362:
1351:. Retrieved
1347:
1338:
1326:. Retrieved
1322:
1312:
1300:. Retrieved
1295:
1285:
1265:
1258:
1248:
1238:
1229:
1225:
1212:
1202:28 September
1200:. Retrieved
1191:
1170:
1164:
1145:
1104:(1): 57β67.
1101:
1097:
1091:
1050:king penguin
971:
966:
955:
945:
935:in the 2008
930:
927:Conservation
906:
903:Reproduction
855:
825:
821:
813:
812:
800:
799:The extinct
798:
793:M. giganteus
792:
788:
785:M. giganteus
784:
780:
777:M. giganteus
776:
772:
766:
738:
708:
705:M. giganteus
704:
670:
667:Distribution
658:
655:
649:
642:
636:
630:
616:
607:
599:
593:
586:
580:
574:
554:
545:
537:
531:
524:
518:
512:
492:
483:
465:Common name
449:
448:
438:
436:
419:
411:
404:M. giganteus
403:
391:
382:
377:
373:
366:
362:
350:
348:
338:
335:glutton bird
334:
330:
326:
322:
305:
304:
296:
295:
280:
279:
268:
267:
256:
255:
254:
234:
227:Type species
211:
210:
35:Giant petrel
29:
18:Giant Petrel
3587:Macronectes
3471:iNaturalist
3424:Macronectes
3411:Macronectes
3397:Macronectes
3391:Wikispecies
3367:Macronectes
3324:Thalassoica
3286:Procellaria
3248:Macronectes
3210:Calonectris
3139:Pelagodroma
3102:Oceanitidae
3057:Phoebastria
3001:Diomedeidae
2958:Marinavidae
2903:Lonchodytes
2811:Madrynornis
2787:Aptenodytes
2767:Platydyptes
2753:Pachydyptes
2746:Mesetaornis
2679:Arthrodytes
2486:Crossvallia
2423:Petradyptes
2403:Orthopteryx
2383:Muriwaimanu
2333:Arthrodytes
2257:albatrosses
1750:13 November
1704:13 November
1244:Mayr, Ernst
1121:10037/29075
1092:Macronectes
1028:Endangered
1025:Endangered
1017:Vulnerable
1006:Vulnerable
995:Endangered
992:Vulnerable
984:Endangered
981:Vulnerable
956:Macronectes
814:Macronectes
735:Description
450:Macronectes
432:snow petrel
428:Cape petrel
396:conspecific
392:Macronectes
367:Macronectes
351:Macronectes
306:Macronectes
212:Macronectes
3581:Categories
3300:Pterodroma
3279:Primodroma
3255:Pachyptila
3227:Eopuffinus
3179:Aphrodroma
3159:Hydrobates
3064:Phoebetria
3050:Notoleptos
3023:Diomedavus
3013:Aldiomedes
2944:Rupelornis
2832:Spheniscus
2825:Pygoscelis
2818:Megadyptes
2616:Tasidyptes
2596:Perudyptes
2463:Wimanornis
2443:Tonniornis
2413:Pakudyptes
2393:Nucleornis
2288:Neognathae
2247:Genera of
2156:7 November
2037:2022-09-29
2009:2022-09-29
1984:2022-09-29
1425:2017-07-27
1353:2024-08-17
1070:References
897:Antarctica
762:salt gland
750:wax esters
701:Antarctica
349:The genus
327:molly-hawk
319:scavengers
3262:Pagodroma
3241:Halobaena
3132:Oceanites
3074:Plotornis
2967:Marinavis
2893:Kievornis
2801:Eudyptula
2649:Eretiscus
2526:Icadyptes
2268:Kingdom:
1891:cite iucn
1835:cite iucn
1522:cite book
917:incubated
870:albatross
847:Behaviour
830:St. Peter
809:Etymology
742:albatross
387:from the
363:Ossifraga
315:predators
157:Kingdom:
151:Eukaryota
3376:Wikidata
3317:Puffinus
3234:Fulmarus
3203:Bulweria
3118:Garrodia
3111:Fregetta
3040:Murunkus
3030:Diomedea
2914:Makahala
2794:Eudyptes
2546:Inkayacu
2373:Kupoupou
2363:Kumimanu
2276:Chordata
2274:Phylum:
2270:Animalia
2249:penguins
1930:Archived
1882:14 April
1826:14 April
1626:43648629
1448:Archived
1419:Archived
1220:(1905).
1196:Archived
1098:Taxonomy
862:penguins
789:M. halli
781:M. halli
773:M. halli
709:M. halli
697:colonies
456:Richmond
420:Fulmarus
412:M. halli
385:seabirds
345:Taxonomy
249:Species
218:Richmond
197:Family:
171:Chordata
167:Phylum:
161:Animalia
147:Domain:
43:Pliocene
3489:1301200
3463:2481514
3382:Q598979
3217:Daption
3186:Ardenna
2556:Kairuku
2453:Waimanu
2292:Clade:
2280:Class:
2253:petrels
2139:Sources
1958:25 July
1454:27 July
1444:Oiseaux
1035:Gallery
858:carrion
852:Feeding
769:plumage
723:in the
713:vagrant
637:Habitat
581:Habitat
519:Habitat
416:fulmars
323:stinker
299:form a
207:Genus:
187:Order:
177:Class:
3564:206822
3551:369301
3538:854607
3522:NZOR:
3502:174593
2536:Inguza
2516:Korora
2353:Kaiika
2255:, and
2191:
2173:
1781:9 June
1624:
1587:
1564:16 Mar
1510:
1477:
1328:18 Mar
1273:
1152:
963:State
921:fledge
826:nΔktΔs
822:makros
820:words
729:Europe
691:, and
471:Range
458:, 1905
447:Genus
430:, and
406:, and
378:nΔktΔs
374:makros
243:, 1789
241:Gmelin
220:, 1905
47:recent
3559:WoRMS
3515:37056
3484:IRMNG
3437:88889
3091:Tydea
2116:(PDF)
2055:(PDF)
1644:(PDF)
1622:S2CID
1506:β31.
1302:9 Jul
1052:chick
1014:Rare
886:offal
878:squid
874:krill
866:seals
818:Greek
389:genus
339:nelly
301:genus
3510:NCBI
3497:ITIS
3476:4196
3458:GBIF
3450:5JGZ
3432:BOLD
2496:Dege
2282:Aves
2189:ISBN
2171:ISBN
2158:2020
2128:2022
2096:2022
2067:2022
1960:2009
1938:2022
1895:help
1884:2021
1839:help
1828:2021
1783:2009
1752:2021
1735:2018
1706:2021
1689:2018
1585:ISBN
1566:2009
1528:link
1508:ISBN
1475:ISBN
1456:2017
1384:2008
1330:2009
1304:2009
1271:ISBN
1204:2022
1150:ISBN
1022:VIC
1011:TAS
1003:N/A
989:QLD
978:NSW
909:nest
864:and
752:and
746:bill
719:and
643:Diet
631:Size
587:Diet
575:Size
525:Diet
513:Size
337:and
331:gong
317:and
181:Aves
54:Preκ
3445:CoL
3419:AFD
3406:ADW
1871:doi
1815:doi
1739:doi
1693:doi
1656:doi
1648:Emu
1614:doi
1116:hdl
1106:doi
1000:SA
915:is
913:egg
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715:in
707:or
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3009:β
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