469:) and had previously been developed as detectors of Infrared Radiation but here they are used to measure the internal and translational energy of a beam of atoms or molecules. The test apparatus set up together with M. Cavallini and G. Gallinaro offered great advantages with respect to conventional techniques used at that time and reduced the cost of building beam machines. Scoles and his colleagues published a series of key papers which include the determination of the energy dependence of the integral collision cross section of He scattered by He, the observation of “Rainbow Scattering“ between two crossed beams of Argon, the first measurement of orbiting resonances in the scattering between two atoms (Hg and H).
554:
overlayers to the study of self-assembled monolayers, particularly alkane thiols on Au(111). Scoles collaborated with
Eisenberger in using X-Rays as a complementary surface structure tool and showed the power of the combination of the two methods. Scoles developed expertise in atomic force microscopy (AFM) to study surface structure and more recently, tip induced surface modification using the nanografting technique which had been previously developed by his former student Gang Yu Liu. In collaboration with Steve Bernasek, Scoles has also studied the influence of vibrational excitation (again for the first time in the first C-H overtone region) on the sticking probability of a molecule (methane) on a metal surface.
542:. They developed IR-microwave and later IR-IR double resonance methods to provide unambiguous quantum assignments of even highly congested spectra and to reach higher in energy. The work by Andrea Callegari on benzene, long a model system for such studies is noted among many such studies. After this work, Carlo Callegari converted the apparatus into a helium droplet machine, which was used for the first study of overtone vibrational transitions in helium nanodroplets. Also, the pure rotational spectra of
565:), In SISSA he joined the Condensed Matter group where he began collaborating on theoretical problems dealing with helium nanodroplets and with physisorption. At the same time, he started an experimental group in Elettra, focusing on nanoscience, with particular attention to self-assembled monolayers and their properties . Later, Scoles expanded his research into nanoscale biological processes, biophysics, and nanomedicine, in connection with the local Consortium of Molecular Biomedicine.
492:, the first true inter-university graduate program in Canada. Scoles performed crossed beam differential scattering cross-section studies of atom-atom, atom-molecule and molecule-molecule interactions, using his bolometer detector. He also began using helium atom diffraction to study the structure of surfaces, both of pure crystals which often undergo change from the bulk structure (reconstruction) and also the structure of
66:
127:
25:
445:
to achieve the desired precession. This field has yielded a wealth of information on the non-spherical part (i.e. the angle dependence) of the intermolecular potential. In addition, several new phenomena were later discovered that had been believed to be non-existing in neutral gases, like transverse
520:
in
Physics. The helium experiments, started with students S. Goyal and D. Schutt, provided the first molecular spectra of solutes in liquid helium, a unique superfluid solvent. Frank Stienkemeier joined the group as a postdoc and together with graduate students John Higgins and Carlo Callegari (and
457:
as
Assistant Professor of Physics. In Genoa he stayed until 1971 and in those years established a renowned molecular beams laboratory devoted to the investigation of intermolecular forces in gases. Most significant was the development of the cryogenic bolometer to detect molecular beams. Bolometers
389:
in 1959 with a degree in
Chemistry. His publication record started with “Vapour Pressure of Isotopic Liquids I” published 1959 in Il Nuovo Cimento. Starting his interdisciplinary research between chemistry and physics, in 1960 he was appointed Assistant Professorship in the Physics Department of the
375:
as a universal detector of atomic and molecule beams that not only can detect a small flux of molecules, but also responds to the internal energy of the molecules. This is the basis for the optothermal spectroscopy technique which Scoles and others have used to obtain very high signal-to noise and
496:
of atoms and molecules absorbed on surfaces. With Terry Gough and then graduate student Roger Miller, Scoles introduced the technique of bolometer-detected optothermal spectroscopy of molecular beams where vibrational excitation of a beam of molecules is detected by the bolometer. They used this
511:
in 1986. One of the experiments that Scoles brought to
Princeton was the study of IR spectroscopy of molecules attached to inert gas clusters, particularly Ar and Xe clusters. In this work, he developed the now widely used “pickup technique” and set the stage for his later pioneering work on
553:
Scoles was instrumental in the establishment of the
Princeton Materials Institute and became a close collaborator of Peter Eisenberger, its first director. Scoles also brought to Princeton his Helium Diffraction Spectrometer for the study of surface structure. His focus turned from inorganic
521:
sabbatical visitor
Wolfgang Ernst) established the “Alkali age” of the group which provided a rich vein to explore chemical dynamics in this fascinating state of matter. Graduate student James Reho brought time resolved spectroscopy techniques into the mix.
533:
together for what proved to be a long series of experiments (and many Ph.D. theses) that characterized
Intramolecular Vibrational energy Redistribution. They first studied the hydrogen stretching fundamental and first overtone spectral regions and observed
497:
technique to studies vibrational dissociation of a complex of two or more molecules held together by Van der Waals forces. By the early 1980s, Scoles began the first studies of the spectroscopy of molecules adsorbed in or on clusters of rare gas atoms.
1100:
Higgins, John; Callegari, Carlo; Reho, James; Stienkemeier, Frank; Ernst, Wolfgang E.; Lehmann, Kevin K.; Gutowski, Maciej; Scoles, Giacinto (2 August 1996). "Photoinduced
Chemical Dynamics of High-Spin Alkali Trimers".
2067:
384:
Scoles was born in Italy and raised there through the Second World War. A few years after the war he moved, with his family, to Spain, where Scoles spent his adolescence. He returned to Italy and graduated the
2102:
417:: the influence of an external magnetic or electric field on the transport properties of dilute polyatomic gases. The idea behind this effect is that every polyatomic molecule – even a simple
1185:"Dependence of intramolecular vibrational relaxation on central atom substitution: .nu.1 and 2.nu.1 molecular beam optothermal spectra of 3,3-dimethyl-1-butyne and trimethylsilylacetylene"
504:, Italy where he established a new molecular beam laboratory. The activity of the Trento lab was mainly focused on opto-thermal spectroscopy and atomic hydrogen scattering experiments.
2092:
1770:
488:, as well as the weekly chemical physics seminars and annual Symposium on Chemical Physics, both of which continue to this day. He was the initial (Acting) Director of the
2087:
616:
1517:
647:
1646:
Mazzarello, R.; Cossaro, A.; Verdini, A.; Rousseau, R.; Casalis, L.; Danisman, M. F.; Floreano, L.; Scandolo, S.; Morgante, A.; Scoles, G. (4 January 2007).
1564:
Castronovo, Matteo; Bano, Fouzia; Raugei, Simone; Scaini, Denis; Dell'Angela, Martina; Hudej, Robert; Casalis, Loredana; Scoles, Giacinto (1 March 2007).
155:
135:
883:"Energy dependence of high resolution integral-collision-cross-section measurements for elastic scattering of H and D atoms by Hg at thermal energies"
550:
in helium were observed. This established that a single droplet could absorb several thousand photons without "optically pumping" out of resonance.
2057:
2097:
2077:
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did a thesis on subdoppler spectroscopy of hydrogen bonded complexes, including the first such spectra in the vibrational overtone region.
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75:
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108:
52:
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38:
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Camillone, N.; Eisenberger, P.; Leung, T. Y. B.; Schwartz, P.; Scoles, G.; Poirier, G. E.; Tarlov, M. J. (15 December 1994).
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517:
159:
151:
188:
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140:
1652:
S Monolayer on Au(111) Solved by the
Interplay between Molecular Dynamics Calculations and Diffraction Measurements"
1950:
1935:
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79:
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733:"The influence of a magnetic field on the transport properties of diatomic molecules in the gaseous state"
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477:
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311:
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Starting in 2003, Scoles returned part-time to Italy, taking appointments at the Trieste Synchrotron
2047:
2016:
2006:
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44:
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1340:"Molecular order at the surface of an organic monolayer studied by low energy helium diffraction"
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659:
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will change, and so will the transport properties. Likewise, for polar molecules one may employ
391:
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who is best known for his pioneering development of molecular beam methods for the study of weak
166:
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1955:
1945:
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1391:-alkane thiols self-assembled on Au(111): Preparation, surface characterization, and imaging"
1338:
Chidsey, Christopher E. D.; Liu, Gang-Yu; Rowntree, Paul; Scoles, Giacinto (1 October 1989).
202:
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1864:
1789:
1704:
1671:
1618:
1577:
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1410:
1359:
1312:
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Kerstel, E. R. Th.; Lehmann, K. K.; Gambogi, J. E.; Yang, X.; Scoles, G. (1 December 1993).
1196:
1165:
1118:
1074:
1027:
988:
941:
930:"Energy Dependence of the Elastic Total Collision Cross Section of Identical Molecules: 4He"
902:
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806:
752:
624:
547:
530:
1980:
1183:
Kerstel, E. R. T.; Lehmann, K. K.; Mentel, T. F.; Pate, B. H.; Scoles, G. (October 1991).
426:
410:
834:
Cavallini, M.; Gallinaro, G.; Meneghetta, L.; Scoles, G.; Valbusa, U. (15 October 1970).
787:"Notizen: A Superconducting Bolometer as a High Sensitivity Detector for Molecular Beams"
1667:
1457:
1406:
1355:
1308:
1277:
Reinhard, I.; Callegari, C.; Conjusteau, A.; Lehmann, K. K.; Scoles, G. (21 June 1999).
1247:
1161:
1114:
1070:
1023:
984:
898:
851:
802:
748:
476:, Canada as Professor of Chemistry and Physics. There, he set up the first successful
2011:
1960:
1940:
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1824:
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1809:
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2001:
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402:
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325:
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1906:
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90:
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Beenakker, J. J. M.; Scoles, G.; Knaap, H. F. P.; Jonkman, R. M. (1 August 1962).
1122:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1844:
1814:
1693:"Verification of Biochemical Activity for Proteins Nanografted on Gold Surfaces"
1647:
1316:
1078:
526:
463:
447:
413:. There he co-authored one of the first papers on what became soon known as the
335:
1031:
835:
732:
1605:
Hu, Ying; Das, Aditi; Hecht, Michael H.; Scoles, Giacinto (1 September 2005).
1278:
1054:
513:
390:
University of Genoa where he taught a lab course and conducted experiments on
1716:
1630:
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1473:
1422:
1371:
1263:
1232:
determined from upper-state microwave-infrared double-resonance measurements"
1208:
1008:"Vibrational spectroscopy of sulfur hexafluoride attached to helium clusters"
1007:
953:
914:
867:
820:
764:
1925:
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493:
372:
364:
1724:
1683:
1638:
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1919:
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Higgins, J.; Conjusteau, A.; Scoles, G.; Bernasek, S. L. (22 March 2001).
1146:"Sub-Doppler rotationally resolved overtone spectroscopy of the HCN dimer"
1130:
811:
786:
1708:
1299:
1200:
86:
1144:
Meyer, H.; Kerstel, E. R. Th.; Zhuang, D.; Scoles, G. (15 April 1989).
967:
Levandier, D. J.; McCombie, J.; Pursel, R.; Scoles, G. (15 June 1987).
558:
360:
1622:
1581:
1465:
1184:
1053:
Stienkemeier, F.; Higgins, J.; Ernst, W. E.; Scoles, G. (1 May 1995).
945:
1414:
1363:
1255:
1169:
992:
906:
881:
Schutte, A.; Bassi, D.; Tommasini, F.; Scoles, G. (15 January 1975).
1692:
1691:
Staii, Cristian; Wood, David W.; Scoles, Giacinto (1 January 2008).
1606:
1566:"Mechanical Stabilization Effect of Water on a Membrane-like System"
1565:
1437:
929:
538:
due to irreversible relaxation for large molecules with a very high
433:. If the precession frequency is sufficiently large compared to the
371:
between atoms, molecules, and surfaces. He developed the cryogenic
1386:
1339:
1223:
1145:
968:
882:
1279:"Single and Double Resonance Microwave Spectroscopy in Superfluid
562:
543:
466:
928:
Dondi, M. G.; Scoles, G.; Torello, F.; Pauly, H. (1 July 1969).
459:
1735:
836:"Rainbow scattering and the intermolecular potential of argon"
675:
1996 – Recipient of an Honorary Doctorate in Physics from the
500:
In the mid-to-late 1970s Scoles spent part of his time at the
165:
from the article and its talk page, especially if potentially
120:
59:
18:
2068:
Members of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences
785:
Cavallini, M.; Gallinaro, G.; Scoles, G. (1 November 1969).
692:
1442:) activation of the chemisorption of methane on Pt (111)"
969:"Complex-forming reactions in neutral noble gas clusters"
446:
transport effects in a magnetic field, comparable to the
1006:
Goyal, S.; Schutt, D. L.; Scoles, G. (10 August 1992).
574:
2006 – Research Prize of the Chemistry Faculty of the
480:
laboratory in Canada. He help establish the Waterloo
2103:
Benjamin Franklin Medal (Franklin Institute) laureates
516:
helium nanodroplets, for which he recently shared the
458:
detect tiny heat input (with noise on the order of 10
687:
1995 – Recipient of the 1995 Lippincott Award of the
490:
Guelph-Waterloo Centre for Graduate Work in Chemistry
1055:"Laser Spectroscopy of Alkali-Doped Helium Clusters"
1994:
1777:
561:
and the International School for Advanced Studies (
331:
321:
299:
282:
268:
261:
1607:"Nanografting De Novo Proteins onto Gold Surfaces"
580:2006 – Benjamin Franklin Medal in Physics (with
405:’s group at the Kamerlingh-Onnes Laboratorium of
617:Earle K. Plyler Prize for Molecular Spectroscopy
16:Italian-American molecular physicist (born 1935)
681:1995 – Recipient of a Senior Fellowship of the
640:2001 – H. E. Gunning Lecturer, Dept. of Chem.,
1518:Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences
648:Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences
482:Centre for Molecular Beams and Laser Chemistry
1747:
1228:vibrational predissociation lifetime of (HCN)
591:2003 – Creativity Award from the NSF 2003-5
401:In 1961, he changed research area and joined
8:
2093:Academic staff of the University of Waterloo
652:2000 – Honorary Science Doctorate from the
53:Learn how and when to remove these messages
1754:
1740:
1732:
258:
158:about living persons that is unsourced or
89:. Please do not remove this message until
1298:
810:
608:2003 – Distinguished Visiting Professor,
598:, Frontiers in Chemical Research Lecturer
247:Learn how and when to remove this message
229:Learn how and when to remove this message
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
2088:Fellows of the American Physical Society
1697:Journal of the American Chemical Society
1570:Journal of the American Chemical Society
486:Centre for Surface Science in Technology
376:high resolution ro-vibrational spectra.
85:Relevant discussion may be found on the
723:
712:List of University of Waterloo people
646:2000 – Elected Foreign Member of The
7:
359:) is a European and North American
14:
1189:The Journal of Physical Chemistry
683:Alexander von Humboldt Foundation
601:2004 – Moscowitz Lecturer at the
34:This article has multiple issues.
1438:"State selective vibrational (2ν
791:Zeitschrift fĂĽr Naturforschung A
701:1986 – Senior Killam Fellowship.
697:Society for Applied Spectroscopy
453:In 1964, Scoles returned to the
125:
64:
23:
1446:The Journal of Chemical Physics
1395:The Journal of Chemical Physics
1344:The Journal of Chemical Physics
1236:The Journal of Chemical Physics
1150:The Journal of Chemical Physics
973:The Journal of Chemical Physics
934:The Journal of Chemical Physics
887:The Journal of Chemical Physics
664:University of Wisconsin–Madison
634:in Physical Chemistry from the
42:or discuss these issues on the
2058:21st-century American chemists
1:
1676:10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.016102
472:In 1971, Scoles moved to the
2098:Princeton University faculty
2078:Fellows of the Royal Society
1123:10.1126/science.273.5275.629
860:10.1016/0009-2614(70)80314-1
757:10.1016/0031-9163(62)90091-4
394:during physical adsorption (
136:biography of a living person
1317:10.1103/PhysRevLett.82.5036
1079:10.1103/PhysRevLett.74.3592
415:Senftleben-Beenakker effect
272:1935 (age 88–89)
163:must be removed immediately
91:conditions to do so are met
2119:
2073:University of Genoa alumni
1805:Richard Dickinson Chambers
1032:10.1103/PhysRevLett.69.933
689:Optical Society of America
450:in electrical conduction.
1387:"New monolayer phases of
668:1997 – Elected Fellow of
636:American Chemical Society
621:American Physical Society
341:
292:
840:Chemical Physics Letters
596:Texas A&M University
1656:Physical Review Letters
1287:Physical Review Letters
1059:Physical Review Letters
1012:Physical Review Letters
603:University of Minnesota
518:Benjamin Franklin Award
1539:"The Lippincott Award"
1492:The Franklin Institute
654:University of Waterloo
478:crossed molecular beam
474:University of Waterloo
437:, the average kinetic
312:University of Waterloo
150:Please help by adding
812:10.1515/zna-1969-1135
642:University of Alberta
610:University of Florida
536:Lorentzian lineshapes
2017:Martin David Kruskal
2007:Walter Jakob Gehring
1549:on November 1, 2007.
1543:The Coblentz Society
576:University of Bochum
509:Princeton University
502:University of Trento
369:van der Waals forces
316:Princeton University
156:Contentious material
2027:Stanley B. Prusiner
1870:Peter B. Kronheimer
1668:2007PhRvL..98a6102M
1458:2001JChPh.114.5277H
1407:1994JChPh.10111031C
1401:(12): 11031–11036.
1356:1989JChPh..91.4421C
1309:1999PhRvL..82.5036R
1248:1993JChPh..99.8559K
1201:10.1021/j100174a050
1162:1989JChPh..90.4623M
1115:1996Sci...273..629H
1071:1995PhRvL..74.3592S
1024:1992PhRvL..69..933G
985:1987JChPh..86.7239L
899:1975JChPh..62..600S
852:1970CPL.....7..303C
803:1969ZNatA..24.1850C
749:1962PhL.....2....5B
677:University of Genoa
529:brought Scoles and
455:University of Genoa
435:collision frequency
387:University of Genoa
308:University of Genoa
287:University of Genoa
78:of this article is
2022:George Andrew Olah
1850:Paul Gordon Jarvis
1648:"Structure of a CH
1558:General references
660:Samuel M. McElvain
586:Franklin Institute
582:Jan Peter Toennies
392:isotope separation
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2034:
1956:Richard E. Taylor
1946:Bernard Silverman
1892:Richard G. Morris
1709:10.1021/ja076157+
1623:10.1021/la046857h
1617:(20): 9103–9109.
1582:10.1021/ja067462i
1514:"Giacinto Scoles"
1494:. 15 January 2014
1488:"Giacinto Scoles"
1466:10.1063/1.1349895
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670:The Royal Society
632:Peter Debye Award
569:Awards and honors
540:density of states
407:Leiden University
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332:Doctoral students
322:Academic advisors
304:Leiden University
294:Scientific career
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531:Kevin K. Lehmann
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2030:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2012:Roy J. Glauber
2009:
2004:
1998:
1996:
1992:
1991:
1989:
1988:
1986:Graham C. Wood
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1961:Neil Trudinger
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1941:Wilson Sibbett
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1920:Alan Rickinson
1916:
1909:
1904:
1902:George Pickett
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1877:
1872:
1867:
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1857:
1855:Charles K. Kao
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1827:
1825:Richard Fortey
1822:
1820:Laurence Eaves
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1810:Colin W. Clark
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1779:
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1703:(2): 640–646.
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1092:
1045:
1018:(6): 933–936.
998:
959:
940:(1): 392–397.
920:
893:(2): 600–605.
873:
846:(2): 303–305.
826:
777:
722:
721:
719:
716:
715:
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707:
704:
703:
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612:, Gainesville.
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1662:(1): 016102.
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1033:
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1021:
1017:
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986:
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439:cross section
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403:Jan Beenakker
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396:physisorption
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357:Torino, Italy
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326:Jan Beenakker
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180: –
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174:Find sources:
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30:
21:
20:
1930:
1918:
1913:Kenneth Reid
1911:
1907:George Poste
1879:
1830:David Garner
1800:John Burland
1700:
1696:
1659:
1655:
1614:
1610:
1573:
1569:
1547:the original
1542:
1533:
1521:. Retrieved
1516:(in Dutch).
1508:
1496:. Retrieved
1491:
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768:. Retrieved
740:
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726:
556:
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523:Erik Kerstel
506:
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419:paramagnetic
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383:
347:
346:
300:Institutions
293:
243:
225:
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206:
199:
192:
185:
173:
162:
145:verification
138:
105:
99:January 2024
96:
74:
50:
43:
37:
36:Please help
33:
2048:1935 births
1976:Alan Windle
1971:Simon White
1966:Robin Weiss
1936:James Scott
1845:Julian Jack
1815:David Clary
584:) from the
527:Brooks Pate
464:square root
448:Hall effect
336:Brooks Pate
219:August 2023
2042:Categories
1840:John Hinch
1498:30 January
770:30 January
743:(1): 5–6.
718:References
695:, and the
662:Lecturer,
514:superfluid
494:overlayers
421:one like N
189:newspapers
76:neutrality
39:improve it
1926:Leo Sachs
1785:Mike Bate
1717:0002-7863
1631:0743-7463
1590:0002-7863
1474:0021-9606
1423:0021-9606
1372:0021-9606
1283:Clusters"
1264:0021-9606
1209:0022-3654
954:0021-9606
915:0021-9606
868:0009-2614
821:1865-7109
765:0031-9163
619:from the
380:Biography
373:bolometer
365:physicist
283:Education
141:citations
87:talk page
45:talk page
1769:elected
1725:18081283
1684:17358489
1639:16171339
1611:Langmuir
1598:17288420
1325:18223379
1087:10058244
1040:10047072
706:See also
425:– has a
167:libelous
80:disputed
1995:Foreign
1778:Fellows
1771:in 1997
1765:of the
1763:Fellows
1664:Bibcode
1523:14 July
1454:Bibcode
1403:Bibcode
1352:Bibcode
1305:Bibcode
1244:Bibcode
1158:Bibcode
1131:8662549
1111:Bibcode
1103:Science
1067:Bibcode
1020:Bibcode
981:Bibcode
895:Bibcode
848:Bibcode
799:Bibcode
745:Bibcode
658:1999 –
630:2002 –
615:2003 –
594:2004 –
559:Elettra
361:chemist
203:scholar
1723:
1715:
1682:
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1295:arXiv
563:SISSA
544:HCCCN
467:hertz
460:watts
210:JSTOR
196:books
134:This
1721:PMID
1713:ISSN
1680:PMID
1635:PMID
1627:ISSN
1594:PMID
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1525:2015
1500:2024
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864:ISSN
817:ISSN
772:2024
761:ISSN
546:and
462:per
363:and
269:Born
182:news
143:for
73:The
1705:doi
1701:130
1672:doi
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1462:doi
1450:114
1411:doi
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1360:doi
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1166:doi
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