43:
699:
669:
377:
Other works are "Lettere sull'elettricismo" (1758); "Experimenta atque observationes quibus electricitas vindex late constituitur" (1769); and "Dell'elettricitĂ terrestre atmosferica a cielo sereno" (1775), the first extended treatise on the subject of atmospheric electricity.
327:
that water evaporates more rapidly when electrified. He was also among the first to recognize and clearly state that the electrical charge on a conductor is confined to the surface. An experimental demonstration of this law of electrostatics was devised by
601:
318:
was his recording instrument. In broken or stormy weather, positive and negative electrification were detected; whereas in calm, serene weather "the excessive or positive was always found". The sinuous or forked character of
246:, "Elettricismo artificiale e naturale libri due", which was translated into English thanks to Franklin's interest. His contributions include a classification of luminous discharges, the collection of data on
840:
323:
was attributed to the resistance of the air; and the rupture of the shoes of a man struck by a flash, to the "moisture of the feet flying into vapour". Beccaria confirmed the observation of
355:) five of the more important of his experimental researches. In 1770 he contributed a second paper (also in Latin) in which he expounds five theorems followed by fifteen corollaries in
845:
684:
262:(in his "History and Present State of Electricity") declared Beccaria the "great Italian genius" who had "far surpassed everything done by French and English electricians."
850:
725:
709:
211:
689:
830:
314:, in which he made liberal use of kites, rockets, and iron wire for the purpose of exploring the electrical conditions of the atmosphere. Henley's
258:
that "he (Beccaria) seems a Master of Method, and has reduc'd to systematic Order the scatter'd
Experiments and Positions deliver'd in my Papers."
750:
835:
796:
782:
100:
855:
755:
530:
360:
825:
306:(1748). He was afterwards made tutor to the young princes de Chablais and de Carignan, and continued to reside principally at
522:
299:
302:. His ability as an instructor being soon recognized, he was appointed by royal authority as professor of physics at the
348:
333:
324:
184:
32:
623:
344:
as well as the views of the
American philosopher on the preventive and protective functions of lightning conductors.
250:, and the design of the electrical thermometer, whose invention is usually wrongly ascribed to Franklin's colleague,
238:
Beccaria did much, in the way both of experiment and exposition, to spread knowledge of the electrical researches of
777:
760:
275:
503:
Cerruti, Luigi. âDante's Bones: Geography and
History of Italian Science, 1748â1870â, in Kostas Gavroglu (ed.),
374:
in 1778. Franklin considered "Dell'elettricismo" «one of the best pieces on the subject . . . in any language.»
370:
His principal work is his treatise "Dell'elettricismo artificiale e naturale" (1753), which was translated into
351:
of London, and in 1766 he contributed a paper to the "Philosophical
Transactions", in which he describes (in
649:
311:
247:
580:
430:
Lettere di un
Italiano ad un Parigino intorno alle riflessioni del sig. Cassini de Thury sul grado torinese
586:
220:
714:
550:
295:
216:
168:
820:
815:
291:
148:
438:
428:
398:
303:
251:
224:
158:
734:
631:
418:
408:
388:
337:
255:
723:
Pace, A. (1952). "The
Manuscripts of Giambatista Beccaria, Correspondent of Benjamin Franklin".
219:, Giovanni Francesco Cigna, Giuseppe Angelo Saluzzo, and the successor to the Chair of physics,
215:
Beccaria was one of
Benjamin Franklin's more conspicuous correspondents. His students included
860:
792:
526:
341:
239:
746:
371:
259:
228:
193:
329:
48:
579:
356:
78:
23:
42:
809:
703:
680:
675:
232:
202:
364:
315:
310:
during the remainder of his life. Here he ardently devoted himself to research on
630:, Thomas-François Dalibard, trans. (2d edit., 2 vols., Paris, 1756), II, 307â19 (
545:
Benjamin
Franklin to Cadwallader Colden, 30 August 1754. In L.W. Labaree (ed.).
287:
243:
206:
628:
Expériences et
Observations sur lâElectricitĂ© faites Ă Philadelphie en AmĂ©rique
271:
74:
320:
198:
519:
Electricity in the 17th and 18th
Centuries. A Study of Early Modern Physics
644:
Good, Gregory (2003). "Atmospheric Electricity". In J. L. Heilbron (ed.).
788:
283:
340:, whose name it usually bears. Beccaria adopted the two-fluid theory of
738:
693:. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 602.
279:
702: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
674:
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
352:
307:
274:
in 1716. In 1732, at the age of sixteen, he entered the religious
111:
96:
505:
Sciences in the European Periphery During the Enlightenment
443:(in Italian). Vol. 2. Macerata: Antonio Cortesi. 1793.
403:(in Italian). Vol. 1. Macerata: Antonio Cortesi. 1793.
242:
and others. In 1753, he published an important treatise on
286:. At the same time, he applied himself with success to
472:
470:
420:
Della elettricitĂ terrestre atmosferica a cielo sereno
278:
or Piarists, where he studied, and afterwards taught,
223:; moreover, his researches inspired the physicists of
164:
154:
144:
127:
117:
107:
85:
56:
21:
841:Academic staff of the Sapienza University of Rome
726:Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society
646:Oxford Companion to the History of Modern Science
197:; 3 October 1716 â 27 May 1781) was an Italian
433:(in Italian). Firenze: Gaetano Cambiagi. 1777.
122:Elettricismo artificiale e naturale libri due
8:
573:
571:
393:(in Italian). Torino: Stamperia reale. 1772.
846:Academic staff of the University of Palermo
461:
413:(in Latin). Torino: Stamperia reale. 1774.
41:
18:
851:Academic staff of the University of Turin
499:
497:
440:Dell'elettricismo terrestre e atmosferico
476:
454:
270:Giovanni Battista Beccaria was born at
626:, 29 June 1755 in Benjamin Franklin,
363:employed him to measure the degree of
192:
7:
783:Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani
718:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
562:
488:
789:Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana
581:"Beccaria, Giovanni Battista"
336:in 1788 and popularized in 1816 by
756:Dictionary of Scientific Biography
708:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "
14:
578:Rines, George Edwin, ed. (1920).
507:(Dodrecht: Kluwer, 1999), p. 111.
347:In May 1755 Beccaria was elected
205:, he published several papers on
697:
667:
361:Charles Emmanuel III of Sardinia
254:. Franklin noted in a letter to
831:18th-century Italian physicists
785:, Volume 7: BartolucciâBellotto
523:University of California Press
1:
602:"DServe Archive Persons Show"
400:Dell'elettricismo artificiale
332:in 1775 and independently by
836:Fellows of the Royal Society
753:. In C. C. Gillispie (ed.).
549:. Vol. V. New Haven-London:
685:Beccaria, Giovanni Battista
423:(in Italian). Torino. 1775.
349:Fellow of the Royal Society
131:Giovanni Battista Beccaria
61:Francesco Ludovico Beccaria
877:
856:Catholic clergy scientists
710:Giovanni Battista Beccaria
276:Order of the Pious Schools
181:Giovanni Battista Beccaria
28:Giovanni Battista Beccaria
759:. Vol. 1. New York:
290:. He became professor of
174:
137:
40:
624:Thomas-François Dalibard
517:Heilbron, J. L. (2022).
390:Elettricismo artificiale
778:"BECCARIA, Giambatista"
761:Charles Scribner's Sons
751:"Beccaria, Giambatista"
690:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
650:Oxford University Press
312:atmospheric electricity
248:atmospheric electricity
776:Pace, Antonio (1965).
587:Encyclopedia Americana
316:pith-ball electroscope
221:Antonio Vassalli Eandi
715:Catholic Encyclopedia
622:Benjamin Franklin to
551:Yale University Press
547:Papers of B. Franklin
217:Joseph-Louis Lagrange
169:Joseph-Louis Lagrange
787:(in Italian). Rome:
292:experimental physics
194:[bekkaËriËa]
149:Experimental physics
826:People from MondovĂŹ
304:University of Turin
252:Ebenezer Kinnersley
159:University of Turin
101:Kingdom of Sardinia
763:. pp. 546â549
410:Gradus Taurinensis
256:Cadwallader Colden
201:. A fellow of the
133:Anna Maria Ingalis
747:Heilbron, John L.
652:. pp. 67â68.
240:Benjamin Franklin
178:
177:
139:Scientific career
16:Italian physicist
868:
802:
798:978-8-81200032-6
772:
770:
768:
742:
719:
701:
700:
694:
673:
671:
670:
654:
653:
641:
635:
620:
614:
613:
611:
609:
598:
592:
591:
583:
575:
566:
560:
554:
543:
537:
536:
514:
508:
501:
492:
486:
480:
474:
465:
459:
444:
434:
424:
414:
404:
394:
359:. In 1759, King
260:Joseph Priestley
229:Alessandro Volta
209:subjects in the
196:
191:
187:
165:Notable students
92:
70:
68:
45:
35:
19:
876:
875:
871:
870:
869:
867:
866:
865:
806:
805:
799:
775:
766:
764:
745:
722:
707:
698:
683:, ed. (1911). "
679:
668:
666:
663:
658:
657:
643:
642:
638:
621:
617:
607:
605:
604:. Royal Society
600:
599:
595:
577:
576:
569:
561:
557:
553:, 1961, p. 428.
544:
540:
533:
525:. p. 370.
516:
515:
511:
502:
495:
487:
483:
475:
468:
462:Herbermann 1913
460:
456:
451:
437:
427:
417:
407:
397:
387:
384:
268:
189:
183:
132:
103:
94:
90:
81:
72:
66:
64:
63:
62:
52:
49:Andrea Gastaldi
36:
31:
29:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
874:
872:
864:
863:
858:
853:
848:
843:
838:
833:
828:
823:
818:
808:
807:
804:
803:
797:
773:
743:
733:(4): 406â416.
720:
695:
681:Chisholm, Hugh
662:
659:
656:
655:
636:
615:
593:
567:
555:
538:
531:
509:
493:
491:, p. 406.
481:
466:
453:
452:
450:
447:
446:
445:
435:
425:
415:
405:
395:
383:
380:
357:electrostatics
267:
266:Life and works
264:
176:
175:
172:
171:
166:
162:
161:
156:
152:
151:
146:
142:
141:
135:
134:
129:
125:
124:
119:
118:Known for
115:
114:
109:
105:
104:
95:
93:(aged 64)
87:
83:
82:
79:Duchy of Savoy
73:
71:3 October 1716
60:
58:
54:
53:
46:
38:
37:
30:
27:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
873:
862:
859:
857:
854:
852:
849:
847:
844:
842:
839:
837:
834:
832:
829:
827:
824:
822:
819:
817:
814:
813:
811:
800:
794:
790:
786:
784:
779:
774:
762:
758:
757:
752:
748:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
727:
721:
717:
716:
711:
705:
704:public domain
696:
692:
691:
686:
682:
677:
676:public domain
665:
664:
660:
651:
647:
640:
637:
633:
629:
625:
619:
616:
603:
597:
594:
589:
588:
582:
574:
572:
568:
564:
559:
556:
552:
548:
542:
539:
534:
532:9780520334595
528:
524:
520:
513:
510:
506:
500:
498:
494:
490:
485:
482:
478:
477:Chisholm 1911
473:
471:
467:
463:
458:
455:
448:
442:
441:
436:
432:
431:
426:
422:
421:
416:
412:
411:
406:
402:
401:
396:
392:
391:
386:
385:
381:
379:
375:
373:
368:
367:in Piedmont.
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
345:
343:
339:
335:
331:
326:
325:Andrew Gordon
322:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
265:
263:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
236:
234:
233:Luigi Galvani
230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
213:
208:
204:
203:Royal Society
200:
195:
186:
182:
173:
170:
167:
163:
160:
157:
153:
150:
147:
143:
140:
136:
130:
126:
123:
120:
116:
113:
110:
106:
102:
98:
88:
84:
80:
76:
59:
55:
50:
44:
39:
34:
25:
20:
781:
765:. Retrieved
754:
730:
724:
713:
688:
648:. New York:
645:
639:
627:
618:
606:. Retrieved
596:
585:
558:
546:
541:
518:
512:
504:
484:
457:
439:
429:
419:
409:
399:
389:
376:
369:
365:meridian arc
346:
298:and then at
269:
237:
212:Phil. Trans.
210:
180:
179:
155:Institutions
138:
121:
91:(1781-05-27)
47:Beccaria by
821:1781 deaths
816:1716 births
294:, first at
288:mathematics
244:electricity
108:Nationality
89:27 May 1781
810:Categories
661:References
608:7 February
207:electrical
67:1716-10-03
767:28 August
563:Pace 1965
489:Pace 1952
330:Cavendish
321:lightning
199:physicist
128:Parent(s)
861:Piarists
749:(1970).
342:Franklin
284:rhetoric
190:Italian:
739:3143797
706::
678::
372:English
334:Coulomb
296:Palermo
280:grammar
272:MondovĂŹ
112:Italian
75:MondovĂŹ
795:
737:
672:
632:online
529:
145:Fields
51:, 1845
24:Doctor
735:JSTOR
449:Notes
382:Works
353:Latin
308:Turin
225:Pavia
97:Turin
793:ISBN
769:2023
610:2020
527:ISBN
338:Biot
300:Rome
282:and
231:and
86:Died
57:Born
712:".
687:".
185:FRS
33:FRS
812::
791:.
780:.
731:96
729:.
634:).
584:.
570:^
521:.
496:^
469:^
235:.
227:,
99:,
77:,
801:.
771:.
741:.
612:.
590:.
565:.
535:.
479:.
464:.
188:(
69:)
65:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
