64:
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850:
889:, especially outside the ghetto, and they were forbidden to trade in everything but food and secondhand clothes. Christians of all ages were encouraged to treat the Jews as second-class citizens; for a Jew to defy a Christian in any way was to invite severe punishment, often at the hands of a mob. By the end of Paul IV's five-year reign, the number of Roman Jews had dropped by half. Yet his anti-Jewish legacy endured for over 300 years: the ghetto he established ceased to exist only with the dissolution of the
1145:, arrived in Rome late on 19 August. Worried that the rioters might break in and desecrate the pope's corpse, at 10 pm Cardinal Carafa had Pope Paul IV buried without ceremony next to the Cappella del Volto Santo (Chapel of the Holy Face) in St. Peter's. His remains stayed there until October 1566, when his successor as pope, Pius V, had them transferred to Santa Maria sopra Minerva. In the chapel founded by Paul IV's uncle and mentor, Cardinal
362:, he developed an anti-Spanish outlook that later coloured his papacy. In response to an invasion of part of the Papal States by Spain during his papacy, he called for a French military intervention. After a defeat of the French and with Spanish troops at the edge of Rome, the Papacy and Spain reached a compromise: French and Spanish forces left the Papal States and the Pope thereafter adopted a neutral stance between France and Spain.
911:. Paul IV put in place a reform of the papal administration designed to stamp out trafficking of principal positions in the Curia. All secular offices, from the highest to the lowest, were assigned to others based on merit. Important economies were made, and taxes were proportionately remitted. Paul IV established a chest, of which only he held the key, for the purpose of receiving all complaints that anyone desired to make.
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between
Catholic and Protestant, his adversarial nature did little to slow the latter's spread across northern Europe. His anti-Spanish feelings alienated the Habsburgs, arguably the most powerful Catholic rulers in Europe, and his ascetic personal beliefs left him out of touch with the artistic and intellectual movements of his era (he often spoke of whitewashing the
900:, a rigid austerity and an earnest zeal for the restoration of primitive habits became the dominant tendency of his papacy. Monks who had left their monasteries were expelled from the city and from the Papal States. He would no longer tolerate the practice by which one man had been allowed to enjoy the revenues of an office while delegating its duties to another.
7435:
815:, whom he strongly suspected of being a hidden Protestant, so much that he had him imprisoned. In order to prevent Morone from succeeding him and imposing what he believed to be his Protestant beliefs on the Church, Pope Paul IV codified the Catholic Law excluding heretics and non-Catholics from receiving or legitimately becoming pope, in the bull
875:, an area where large numbers of Jews already resided, and ordered it walled off from the rest of the city. A single gate, locked every day at sundown, was the only means of reaching the rest of the city. The Jews themselves were forced to pay all design and construction costs related to the project, which came to a total of roughly 300
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744:, was given command of the Papal guard and made Marquis of Montebello. Their conduct became notorious in Rome. However, at the conclusion of the disastrous war with Philip II of Spain in the Italian War, and after many scandals, Paul IV publicly disgraced his nephews and banished them from Rome in 1559.
955:
they would be subject only to papal authority. But Paul IV (1555–59), the voice of the
Counter-Reformation, dealt them an irreparable blow when he withdrew the protections previously given and initiated a campaign against them. As a result of this, 25 were burned at the stake in the spring of 1556.
716:
in August 1557. The Papal armies were left exposed and were defeated, with
Spanish troops arriving at the edge of Rome. Out of fear of another sack of Rome, Paul IV agreed to the Duke of Alba's demand for the Papal States to declare neutrality by signing the Peace of Cave-Palestrina on 12 September
1091:
Such hostile views have not mellowed much with time; modern historians tend to view his papacy as an especially poor one. His policies stemmed from personal prejudices—against Spain, for example, or the Jews—rather than any overarching political or religious goals. In a time of precarious balance
1007:
Paul IV's health began to break down in May 1559. He rallied in July, holding public audiences and attending meetings of the
Inquisition. But he engaged in fasting, and the heat of the summer wore him down again. He was bedridden, and on 17 August it became clear he would not live. Cardinals and
838:, a Catholic group deemed heretical. The strengthening of the Inquisition continued under Paul IV, and few could consider themselves safe by virtue of position in his drive to reform the Church; even cardinals he disliked could be imprisoned. He appointed inquisitor Michele Ghislieri, the future
799:
together. Pole was the leader of Mary's efforts, but Paul IV seems to have hated Pole and become convinced he was a crypto-Protestant. Combined with hostility towards Spain and thus Mary's husband, Paul IV refused to allow any
English bishops to be appointed, and began inquisitorial discipline
1015:
and began rioting even before Paul IV died. His statue, erected before the
Campidoglio just months before, had a yellow hat placed on it (similar to the yellow hat Paul IV had forced Jews to wear in public). After a mock trial, the statue was decapitated. It was then thrown into the
1008:
other officials gathered at his bedside on 18 August, where Paul IV asked them to elect a "righteous and holy" successor and to retain the
Inquisition as "the very basis" of the Catholic Church's power. By 2 or 3 pm, he was close to death, and died at 5 pm.
998:
repeated what the saint had said to him: "If our Lord does not lay down his hand, we will have Master Laínez a cardinal, but I certify to you, if it were, that it be with so much noise that the world would understand how the
Society accepts these things".
940:, then an independent and prosperous trading state, in order to crack down on the growing threat of Protestantism. Under his authority, all books written by Protestants were banned, together with Italian and German translations of the Latin Bible.
800:
proceedings against Pole, leading to the "farcical" situation that by 1558, the most serious opponent of
English Catholicism was the Pope himself. He also angered people in England by insisting on the restitution of property confiscated during the
619:
in 1541 failed to achieve any measure of reconciliation between
Catholics and Protestants in Europe, but instead saw a number of prominent Italians defect to the Protestant camp. In response, Carafa was able to persuade Pope Paul III to set up a
1039:. The intercession of some local nobility dissuaded them from burning it and killing all those within. On the third day of rioting, the crowd removed the Carafa family coat of arms from all churches, monuments, and other buildings in the city.
1222:המכשפה מקשיטליה). The book's depiction of a young Sephardi Jewish woman in Rome being falsely accused of witchcraft and being burned at the stake, dying as a Jewish martyr, is placed in the context of Paul IV's actual persecution of the Jews.
423:
or "Index of Prohibited Books" banning works he saw as in error. In spite of his advanced age, he was a tireless worker and issued new decrees and regulations daily, unrelenting in his determination to keep Protestants and recently immigrated
1202:
during Pole's long exile in Italy, their later falling out, and Pole's feelings of betrayal after Carafa, once elevated to the Papacy, charges him with heresy at the very time when Pole was striving to return England to the Catholic fold.
428:
from gaining influence in the Papal States. He had some hundred of the Marranos of Ancona thrown into prison; 50 were sentenced by the tribunal of the Inquisition and 25 of these were burned at the stake. Paul IV issued the
1937:
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650:(1555); his severe and unbending character combined with his advanced age and Italian patriotism meant under normal circumstances he would have declined the honor. He accepted apparently because
417:
damaged the papacy further, and scandals forced Paul to remove him from office. He curbed some clerical abuses in Rome, but his methods were seen as harsh. He would introduce the first modern
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1035:. The people ransacked the palace, and then set it afire (destroying the Inquisition's records). That same day, or the next day (records are unclear), the crowd attacked the Church of
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Loades, D. M. “THE NETHERLANDS AND THE ANGLO-PAPAL RECONCILIATION OF 1554.” Nederlands Archief Voor Kerkgeschiedenis / Dutch Review of Church History 60, no. 1 (1980): 39–55.
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The crowd broke into the three city jails and freed more than 400 prisoners, then broke into the offices of the Inquisition at the Palazzo dell' Inquisizone near to the
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All begging was forbidden. Even the collection of alms for Masses, which had previously been made by the clergy, was discontinued. A medal was struck representing
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became his uncle's chief political adviser. Having accepted a pension from the French, Cardinal Carafa worked to secure a French alliance. Carlo's older brother
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951:, they thrived under benevolent popes Clement VII (1523–34), Paul III (1534–49), and Julius III (1550–55). They even received a guarantee that if accused of
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Fichtner, Paula Sutter. “The Disobedience of the Obedient: Ferdinand I and the Papacy 1555-1564.” The Sixteenth Century Journal 11, no. 2 (1980): 25–34.
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As pope, Paul IV's nationalism was a driving force; he used the office to preserve some liberties in the face of fourfold foreign occupation. Like
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446:. He died highly unpopular, to the point that his family rushed his burial to make sure his body would not be desecrated by a popular uprising.
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The people of Rome did not forget what they had suffered because of the war he had brought on the State. Crowds of people gathered at the
1195:, Qoelet, causes many of the disasters to befall Protestants during the Reformation and the Roman Church's response in the 16th century.
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per city—leading, in Rome alone, to the destruction of seven "excess" places of worship. All Jews were forced to wear distinctive yellow
693:, who had married into that family, drew further negative comment from Venice because she had long been a patron of artists and writers.
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who first regulated inquisitional procedure in the 13th century). Carafa was elected pope in 1555 through the influence of Cardinal
63:
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refused to take his body into the basilica unless they were paid the customary money and gifts. Instead, the canons sang the usual
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1995:
Science and technology in world history Vol. 3: The Black Death, the Renaissance, the Reformation and the Scientific Revolution
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Gleason, Elisabeth G. “Who Was the First Counter-Reformation Pope?” The Catholic Historical Review 81, no. 2 (1995): 173–84.
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1973:
Baumgartner, Frederic J. “Henry II and the Papal Conclave of 1549.” The Sixteenth Century Journal 16, no. 3 (1985): 301–14.
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on the morning of 19 August. Cardinals and many others then paid homage to Paul IV ("kissed the feet of the pope"). The
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783:, removing all Church measures against the English government, and further recognising Mary and her husband Philip as
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Throughout his pontificate, Paul IV named 46 cardinals in four consistories, including Michele Ghislieri (the future
708:. On 1 September 1556, King Philip II responded by preemptively invading the Papal States with 12,000 men under the
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Paul IV was rigidly orthodox, austere in life, and authoritarian in manner. He affirmed the Catholic doctrine of
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Paul IV was displeased at the French signing a five-year truce with Spain in February 1556 (in the midst of the
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Alison MacLeod's 1968 historical novel "The Hireling" depicts Cardinal Carafa befriending the English Cardinal
987:
2028:
Inquisizione romana e Controriforma. Studi sul cardinal Giovanni Morone (1509–1580) e il suo processo d'eresia
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in the Cappella del Santissimo Sacramento (Chapel of the Blessed Sacrament). Paul IV's body was taken to the
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Pocock, Nicholas, Marinus Marinius, and J. Barengus. "Bull of Paul IV concerning the Bishopric of Bristol".
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1027:. They murdered the Inquisitor, Tommaso Scotti, and freed 72 prisoners. One of those released was Dominican
904:
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movement in Europe, any dialogue with which he opposed (the inquisition itself had been first instituted by
531:, where he conceived a violent detestation of Spanish rule that affected the policies of his later papacy.
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574:(1534–49), to sit on a committee of reform of the papal court, an appointment that forecasted an end to a
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1191:, while not appearing himself, Gian Pietro Carafa is mentioned repeatedly as the cardinal whose spy and
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846:, Ghislieri's persecutions had inspired a citywide rebellion, forcing him to flee in fear for his life.
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in 1516 and his mother Vittoria Camponeschi was the daughter of Pietro Lalle Camponeschi, 5th Conte di
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Dispatches of Bernardo Navagero, Venetian ambassador, and others documents about the papacy of Paul IV
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be painted more modestly (a request that Michelangelo ignored) (the beginning of the Vatican's
914:
During his papacy, censorship reached new heights. Among his first acts as pope was to cut off
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791:". Despite the bull, his relations with England were not positive. Paul IV had known Cardinal
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1557. Emperor Charles V criticized the peace agreement as being overly generous to the Pope.
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Pius IV and the Fall of the Carafa: Nepotism and Papal Authority in Counter-Reformation Rome
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Pius IV and the Fall of The Carafa: Nepotism and Papal Authority in Counter-Reformation Rome
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881:. The bull restricted Jews in other ways as well. They were forbidden to have more than one
857:
On 17 July 1555, Paul IV issued one of the most infamous papal bulls in Church history. The
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401:. His papacy was characterized by strong nationalism in reaction to the influence of
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6251:
5851:
5786:
5716:
5706:
5633:
5533:
5502:
5278:
5227:
4995:
4937:
4834:
4605:
4522:
4478:
4473:
4463:
4274:
4201:
3968:
3784:
3764:
3749:
3729:
3714:
3704:
3563:
3498:
3493:
3443:
3127:
3072:
3067:
3022:
3012:
2911:
2886:
2856:
2791:
2711:
2636:
2550:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2465:
2301:
1169:
1142:
979:
915:
890:
868:
725:
712:. French forces approaching from the north were defeated and forced to withdraw at
600:
443:
410:
351:
291:
222:
117:
2091:
Santosuosso, Antonio. "An Account of the Election of Paul IV to the Pontificate".
1250:
6112:
1993:
1910:
1852:
1825:
1791:
1761:
7128:
6957:
6932:
6907:
6880:
6867:
6776:
6678:
6365:
6047:
5903:
5776:
5756:
5751:
5746:
5731:
5033:
4968:
4824:
4749:
4727:
4575:
4337:
4299:
3739:
3619:
3614:
3568:
3192:
3057:
3052:
2957:
2896:
2841:
2831:
2826:
2696:
2520:
2470:
2425:
1207:
971:
839:
831:
666:
7410:
7371:
6086:
2309:
1350:
759:, thus making their realms illegitimate. At the time of Paul's election, Queen
6912:
6497:
5741:
5736:
5560:
5487:
5103:
5023:
4654:
3853:
3528:
3047:
3032:
2846:
2821:
2656:
2560:
2480:
2430:
2372:
1938:"Reading the Anabaptists: Anabaptist Historiography and Luther Blissett's 'Q'"
1503:
886:
858:
835:
796:
772:
752:
629:
605:
516:
430:
386:
278:
2051:
Mathews, Shailer. "The Social Teaching of Paul. IV. The Messianism of Paul".
7422:
5846:
5841:
5811:
5507:
5270:
5254:
5239:
5083:
4973:
4851:
4841:
4709:
4488:
2590:
1183:
1032:
882:
768:
547:
374:
1096:). Such a reactionary attitude alienated clergy and laity alike: historian
842:, to the position of Supreme Inquisitor despite the fact as Inquisitor of
6726:
6480:
6468:
5994:
5821:
4920:
4289:
2392:
1980:
Booth, Ted W. "Elizabeth I and Pope Paul IV: Reticence and Reformation".
1043:
952:
929:
575:
539:
459:
1985:
1324:. Vol. 20 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 956.
6983:
6597:
6219:
5791:
5071:
4629:
4503:
4446:
2100:
2063:
2034:
944:
657:
Carafa, elected on 23 May 1555, took the name of "Paul IV" in honor of
546:
and newly founded Congregation of Clerks Regular, popularly called the
543:
425:
127:
2085:
1854:
The Papacy and the Levant, 1204–1571. Volume IV: The Sixteenth Century
1827:
The Papacy and the Levant, 1204–1571. Volume IV: The Sixteenth Century
1763:
The Papacy and the Levant, 1204–1571. Volume IV: The Sixteenth Century
354:
from 23 May 1555 to his death, in August 1559. While serving as papal
6592:
6502:
6407:
5944:
5249:
5234:
5178:
5145:
1061:
975:
948:
756:
609:
563:
524:
467:
355:
2040:
Mampieri, Martina. "From Paul IV 'the Evil' to Pius IV 'the Merciful
1103:
Four or five hours after his death, Paul IV's body was taken to the
1912:
Revenge Tragedy and the Drama of Commemoration in Reforming England
1313:
1287:
1079:
treacherous friend, suppliant with the army which was fatal to him.
947:
presence was noticeable. In Rome and, even more so, the seaport of
795:
while Pole was living in Italy and the two had been members of the
30:"Paul IV" redirects here. For the Patriarch of Constantinople, see
6042:
5210:
5174:
4030:
2020:
1974:
1857:. Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society. pp. 718–719.
1017:
1896:
The Month: An Illustrated Magazine of Literature, Science and Art
5215:
4934:
2340:
2291:
2151:
1595:. Washington: Catholic University of America Press. p. 29.
974:). According to Robert Maryks, the pope decided to nominate the
843:
567:
218:
7149:
Pope Pius XII 1942 consecration to the Immaculate Heart of Mary
6116:
4034:
2313:
1793:
Theater of Acculturation: The Roman Ghetto in the 16th Century
1830:. Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society. p. 719.
1766:. Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society. p. 718.
751:, the papacy required all Roman Catholic rulers to consider
830:('outside the Church there is no salvation'), and used the
1074:
he ruined the church and the people, men and sky offended;
7038:
Dechristianization of France during the French Revolution
1281:
1279:
1277:
1275:
1273:
1271:
1796:. Seattle: University of Washington Press. p. 41.
1711:
After expulsion: 1492 and the making of Sephardic Jewry
1084:
You want to know more? Pope was him and that is enough.
853:
Vicolo Capocciuto, Roman Ghetto by Franz Roesler c.1880
763:
was two years into her reign, and was rolling back the
1532:. Chapter XXXIX: The Popes and the Council: 1517–1565.
811:
Paul IV was violently opposed to the liberal Cardinal
7387:
7069:
Dogma of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary
1692:"Ancora sui giudaizzanti portoghesi di Ancona (1556)"
1998:. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland & Co., Publishers.
1365:
Reformation : Europe's house divided, 1490-1700
804:. After Mary's death, he rejected the succession of
740:
were deprived of that town in 1556. Another nephew,
628:
with himself as one of the Inquisitors-General. The
7253:
7119:
7046:
6981:
6865:
6800:
6702:
6624:
6526:
6515:
6438:
6298:
6287:
6154:
6008:
5865:
5678:
5614:
5524:
5414:
5265:
5154:
5047:
4994:
4919:
4890:
4815:
4740:
4675:
4620:
4539:
4434:
4409:
4323:
4255:
4200:
4119:
4096:
3923:
3863:
3802:
3793:
3607:
3321:
2920:
2624:
2418:
1713:. New York: New York University Press. p. 73.
438:, which confined Jews in Rome to the neighbourhood
313:
305:
297:
285:
263:
240:
228:
208:
186:
181:
168:
155:
150:
133:
123:
113:
105:
97:
87:
41:
1298:. Vol. 11. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
1666:"Remaking the world | Christian History Magazine"
442:("enclosure of the Hebrews"), later known as the
7139:Persecutions of the Catholic Church and Pius XII
1100:calls him "the worst pope of the 16th century."
1069:he hated peace on earth, our faith he contested.
1968:Paolo IV. Politica, Inquisizione e storiografia
1696:Zakhor. Rivista di storia degli ebrei d'Italia
1622:Leopold von Ranke: The Secret of World History
369:, but resigned in 1524 in order to found with
141:Cardinal-Priest of San Pancrazio fouri le Mura
6128:
4046:
2325:
470:. His father Giovanni Antonio Carafa died in
27:Head of the Catholic Church from 1555 to 1559
8:
1915:. Aldershot, England: Ashgate. p. 121.
1819:
1817:
1815:
1813:
1755:
1753:
646:He was a surprise choice as pope to succeed
342:; 28 June 1476 – 18 August 1559), born
7560:16th-century Italian Roman Catholic bishops
1153:and Paul IV's remains were placed therein.
893:in 1870. Its walls were torn down in 1888.
777:
732:was made commander of the Papal forces and
704:to join the Papal States in an invasion of
7154:Dogma of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary
7104:Prayer of Consecration to the Sacred Heart
6523:
6512:
6295:
6135:
6121:
6113:
5975:International Alliance of Catholic Knights
4916:
4431:
4116:
4053:
4039:
4031:
3799:
2332:
2318:
2310:
2160:
260:
244:
62:
38:
1785:
1783:
1690:Ioly Zorattini, Pier Cesare (2001–2002).
1546:) CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1042:The crowd dedicated to him the following
767:that had occurred under her half-brother
1738:. The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church
1614:
1612:
1379:Encyclopedia of Women in the Renaissance
918:'s pension, and he ordered the nudes of
848:
515:) in his favour. Under the direction of
7394:
1593:The Papacy, the Jews, and the Holocaust
1570:. New York: Random House. p. 316.
1442:
1440:
1438:
1242:
1056:is buried here with his rotting corpse,
932:campaign). Paul IV also introduced the
68:Portrait by an unknown artist close to
1648:
1535:
1168:As Paul IV, appears as a character in
2148:Paul IV letter to Philip II, MSS 8489
1561:
1559:
1557:
1051:Carafa hated by the devil and the sky
669:. He formally took possession of the
373:the Congregation of Clerics Regular (
7:
7575:Burials at Santa Maria sopra Minerva
7495:People from the Province of Avellino
2131:Dizionario storico dell'Inquisizione
2123:Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani
1982:Church History and Religious Culture
1337:"Handbook for Rome and the Campagna"
982:to the cardinalate. However, Father
871:. The Pope set its borders near the
661:who named him as a cardinal. He was
7008:Suppression of the Society of Jesus
1206:Pope Paul IV is a major villain in
32:Patriarch Paul IV of Constantinople
6563:Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran
2296:23 May 1555 – 18 August 1559
936:or "Index of Prohibited Books" to
25:
7510:Deans of the College of Cardinals
1135:in the Apostolic Palace at 6 pm.
905:Christ driving the money changers
507:, his relative, who resigned the
7457:
7445:
7433:
7421:
7409:
7397:
7370:
7358:
6689:Fourth Council of Constantinople
6644:Second Council of Constantinople
6097:
6096:
6085:
6053:Society of Saint Vincent de Paul
5601:Criticism of the Catholic Church
4012:
4001:
4000:
2152:L. Tom Perry Special Collections
1508:"England's Catholic Reformation"
1392:Woodward, Geoffrey (2013). "8".
1292:. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.).
277:
6659:Third Council of Constantinople
6583:First Council of Constantinople
4220:First seven ecumenical councils
1396:. London, New York: Routledge.
1216:Di Kishufmakherin fun Kastilien
1031:, who later was a colleague of
454:Gian Pietro Carafa was born in
397:in the face of opposition from
381:, he worked to re-organize the
104:
96:
6898:Dissolution of the monasteries
6164:History of the Catholic Church
4795:Separation of church and state
1936:Garber, Jeremy (Winter 2006).
1709:Ray, Jonathan Stewart (2013).
1421:. OUP Oxford. pp. 21–22.
802:dissolution of the monasteries
671:Basilica of Saint John Lateran
665:as pope on 26 May 1555 by the
654:was opposed to his accession.
582:, as Carafa was a disciple of
377:). Recalled to Rome, and made
1:
6772:Fourth Council of the Lateran
6747:Second Council of the Lateran
6356:Apostles in the New Testament
1566:Norwich, John Julius (2011).
779:Ilius, per quem Reges regnant
594:In December 1536 he was made
566:. But Carafa was recalled to
538:allowed Carafa to resign his
478:, a Neapolitan nobleman, and
399:Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
73:
7520:Cardinal-bishops of Frascati
6886:Catholic Counter-Reformation
6752:Third Council of the Lateran
6742:First Council of the Lateran
6198:Catholic ecumenical councils
2030:, Brescia, Morcelliana, 2005
1892:"Prophecies of Future Popes"
1452:, Hawthorne Books, New York"
1335:(Firm), John Murray (1908).
1232:Cardinals created by Paul IV
1165:is "Of the Faith of Peter".
966:Cardinals created by Paul IV
867:, ordered the creation of a
787:, rather than merely being "
562:in 1527, the order moved to
503:He was mentored by Cardinal
385:in response to the emerging
7590:Jewish Roman (city) history
2227:Cardinal-bishop of Frascati
1970:, Firenze, Le Lettere, 1999
1851:Setton, Kenneth M. (1984).
1824:Setton, Kenneth M. (1984).
1760:Setton, Kenneth M. (1984).
1670:Christian History Institute
1478:"Crown of Ireland Act 1542"
1286:Loughlin, James F. (1911).
992:Otto Truchsess von Waldburg
934:Index Librorum Prohibitorum
827:extra ecclesiam nulla salus
486:noblewoman of the House of
420:Index Librorum Prohibitorum
7606:
7565:Members of the Holy Office
7535:Cardinal-bishops of Sabina
7515:Cardinal-bishops of Albano
6232:History of the Roman Curia
6092:Catholic Church portal
2046:Living under the Evil Pope
1251:"Pope Paul IV (1555-1559)"
1172:'s Jacobean revenge drama
963:
818:Cum ex apostolatus officio
639:
29:
7550:Diplomats of the Holy See
7530:Cardinal-bishops of Porto
7525:Cardinal-bishops of Ostia
7353:
6968:European wars of religion
6279:Eastern Catholic Churches
6080:
6018:Aid to the Church in Need
5639:Vatican Television Center
5284:Eastern Catholic Churches
4068:
3996:
2351:
2298:
2289:
2281:
2270:
2266:Giovanni Domenico de Cupi
2262:
2251:
2243:
2233:
2224:
2216:
2206:
2200:Cardinal-bishop of Sabina
2197:
2187:
2181:Cardinal-bishop of Albano
2178:
2170:
2163:
2078:English Historical Review
1898:. June 1899. p. 572.
1417:Pattenden, Miles (2013).
1377:Robin, Larsen and Levin.
1367:, London, 2003, page 224.
1220:Ha'Machshepha Mi'Castilia
1210:'s 1921 historical novel
1037:Santa Maria sopra Minerva
990:of this, as did Cardinal
785:King and Queen of Ireland
685:, he was an enemy of the
632:was promulgated in 1542.
276:
252:
236:("The Lord is my helper")
61:
54:
7099:Mary of the Divine Heart
6722:Clash against the empire
6674:Second Council of Nicaea
6568:Old St. Peter's Basilica
5960:Communion and Liberation
5424:Eastern Catholic liturgy
4589:Mystici Corporis Christi
4517:Sixto-Clementine Vulgate
2273:Cardinal-bishop of Ostia
2254:Cardinal-bishop of Porto
2156:Brigham Young University
2114:Aubert, Alberto (2014).
1942:The Conrad Grebel Review
1591:Coppa, Frank J. (2006).
1542:: CS1 maint: location (
1516:, or 46:55 in the video.
1149:, a tomb was created by
988:Saint Ignatius of Loyola
698:Italian War of 1551–1559
578:papacy and a revival of
7365:Vatican City portal
6717:Investiture Controversy
6573:First Council of Nicaea
4775:Philosophy of canon law
4705:Mariology of the saints
4285:Investiture Controversy
3814:During the Roman Empire
2080:12.46 (1897): 303–307.
2048:(Brill, 2019). 160–204.
1321:Encyclopædia Britannica
1163:Prophecy of St. Malachy
1161:Paul IV's title in the
1115:, and a choir sang the
943:In the Papal States, a
642:May 1555 papal conclave
519:, he was ambassador to
254:Other popes named Paul
7377:Catholicism portal
7188:Second Vatican Council
7074:Our Lady of La Salette
6881:Protestant Reformation
6868:Protestant Reformation
6787:Second Council of Lyon
6176:Ecclesiastical history
6028:Catholic Charities USA
5662:Acta Apostolicae Sedis
5650:Vatican Polyglot Press
4700:Mariology of the popes
4338:Protestant Reformation
4019:Catholic Church Portal
3879:Conflicts with the HRE
2220:Philippe de la Chambre
2165:Catholic Church titles
2095:31.4 (1978): 486–498.
1992:Deming, David (2012).
1790:Stow, Kenneth (2001).
1363:MacCulloch, Dairmaid.
1094:Sistine Chapel ceiling
1013:Piazza del Campidoglio
994:. In response, Father
854:
806:Elizabeth I of England
778:
749:Protestant Reformation
736:after the pro-Spanish
339:
331:
18:Giovanni Pietro Carafa
7555:Archbishops of Naples
7084:First Vatican Council
6782:First Council of Lyon
6546:Constantine the Great
6242:Christian monasticism
5782:Good Shepherd Sisters
5624:Holy See Press Office
4862:Doctors of the Church
4695:Immaculate Conception
4650:Anointing of the Sick
4185:History of the papacy
3795:History of the papacy
2129:Article "Paul IV" in
2093:Renaissance Quarterly
2055:19.4 (1902): 279–287
1984:94.3 (2014): 316–336
1909:Rist, Thomas (2008).
1736:"Pius IV (1555-1559)"
1698:(in Italian) (5): 49.
1506:(23 September 2020).
1295:Catholic Encyclopedia
1064:has taken the spirit;
869:Jewish ghetto in Rome
852:
570:by the reform-minded
462:, into the prominent
409:. The appointment of
365:Carafa was appointed
7261:Sexual abuse scandal
7170:Mit brennender Sorge
7013:Age of Enlightenment
6792:Bernard of Clairvaux
6669:Byzantine Iconoclasm
6608:Council of Chalcedon
6388:Council of Jerusalem
6257:Role in civilization
6237:Religious institutes
6169:By country or region
5655:L'Osservatore Romano
5593:Role in civilisation
5319:Croatian and Serbian
5067:Episcopal conference
5029:St. Peter's Basilica
4387:Sexual abuse scandal
4343:Catholic Reformation
3957:Revolutionary Papacy
3951:Age of Enlightenment
1952:on 29 November 2014.
1526:Will Durant (1953).
1315:"Paul (popes)"
1289:"Pope Paul IV"
1212:The Witch of Castile
1125:St. Peter's Basilica
996:Pedro de Ribadeneira
714:Civitella del Tronto
673:on 28 October 1555.
482:Maria de Noronha, a
440:claustro degli Ebrei
383:Inquisitorial system
379:Archbishop of Naples
233:Dominus mihi adjutor
7089:Papal infallibility
7079:Our Lady of Lourdes
7028:Shimabara Rebellion
6872:Counter-Reformation
5990:Neocatechumenal Way
5955:Charismatic Renewal
5669:Annuario Pontificio
5267:Particular churches
4943:Ecumenical councils
4715:Perpetual virginity
4550:Communitas perfecta
4494:Sermon on the Mount
3804:Antiquity and Early
3608:17th–21st centuries
3322:13th–16th centuries
2210:François de Tournon
1948:(1). Archived from
1098:John Julius Norwich
1025:Church of San Rocco
771:. Paul IV issued a
765:English Reformation
689:. His treatment of
626:Spanish Inquisition
617:Regensburg Colloquy
7580:16th-century popes
7134:Our Lady of Fátima
6923:Ignatius of Loyola
6847:Catherine of Siena
6815:Pope Boniface VIII
6634:Benedict of Nursia
6603:Council of Ephesus
6440:Ante-Nicene period
6393:Split with Judaism
6227:Crusading movement
5827:Premonstratensians
4210:Ante-Nicene period
4088:Lists of Catholics
3939:Reformation Papacy
3933:Renaissance Papacy
3875:(1012–1044 / 1048)
3828:Ostrogothic Papacy
2921:9th–12th centuries
2073:(Oxford UP, 2013).
2069:Pattenden, Miles.
1734:Salvador Miranda.
1458:on 2 February 2017
1138:Paul IV's nephew,
1117:Office of the Dead
864:Cum nimis absurdum
855:
702:Henry II of France
691:Giovanna d'Aragona
624:, modelled on the
435:Cum nimis absurdum
403:Philip II of Spain
395:Alessandro Farnese
346:, was head of the
344:Gian Pietro Carafa
191:Gian Pietro Carafa
70:Jacopino del Conte
7540:Bishops of Chieti
7385:
7384:
7345:COVID-19 pandemic
7323:Pope Benedict XVI
7228:Pope John Paul II
7003:Pope Benedict XIV
6989:French Revolution
6973:Thirty Years' War
6963:Robert Bellarmine
6948:John of the Cross
6852:Pope Alexander VI
6837:Council of Vienne
6767:Francis of Assisi
6757:Pope Innocent III
6626:Early Middle Ages
6620:
6619:
6616:
6615:
6558:Arian controversy
6511:
6510:
6459:Apostolic Fathers
6110:
6109:
5520:
5519:
4913:
4736:
4735:
4428:
4405:
4404:
4397:COVID-19 pandemic
4367:French Revolution
4357:Thirty Years' War
4265:Islamic conquests
4178:Apostolic fathers
4113:
4028:
4027:
3992:
3991:
3884:Wandering Papacy
3847:Saeculum obscurum
3820:Under Constantine
2625:5th–8th centuries
2419:1st–4th centuries
2403:papal resignation
2308:
2307:
2299:Succeeded by
2247:Giovanni Salviati
2234:Succeeded by
2207:Succeeded by
2188:Succeeded by
2174:Giovanni Salviati
2125:Volume 81 (2014).
2116:"Paolo IV, papa,"
1966:Aubert, Alberto.
1877:Claudio Rendina,
1720:978-0-8147-2911-3
1630:on 18 August 2017
1577:978-1-4000-6715-2
1568:Absolute Monarchs
1353:. 14 August 2023.
1255:www.gcatholic.org
1193:agent provocateur
921:The Last Judgment
898:Leopold von Ranke
873:Rione Sant'Angelo
761:Mary I of England
700:) and urged King
652:Emperor Charles V
648:Pope Marcellus II
622:Roman Inquisition
550:, after Carafa's
391:Pope Innocent III
350:and ruler of the
321:
320:
259:
258:
202:Kingdom of Naples
161:by Cardinal
159:18 September 1505
16:(Redirected from
7597:
7462:
7461:
7450:
7449:
7448:
7438:
7437:
7436:
7426:
7425:
7414:
7413:
7402:
7401:
7400:
7393:
7375:
7374:
7363:
7362:
7361:
7340:Patriarch Kirill
7213:Pope John Paul I
7018:Anti-clericalism
6998:Pope Innocent XI
6918:Society of Jesus
6903:Council of Trent
6857:Age of Discovery
6802:Late Middle Ages
6704:High Middle Ages
6694:East–West Schism
6578:Pope Sylvester I
6524:
6513:
6423:General epistles
6418:Pauline epistles
6351:John the Baptist
6334:Great Commission
6296:
6247:Catholic culture
6137:
6130:
6123:
6114:
6100:
6099:
6090:
6089:
5832:Redemptoristines
5680:Religious orders
5606:Anti-Catholicism
5556:Church buildings
5416:Catholic liturgy
5156:Consecrated life
5014:Apostolic Palace
4981:Synod of Bishops
4917:
4893:
4499:Ten Commandments
4432:
4414:
4315:Age of Discovery
4149:Great Commission
4117:
4101:
4055:
4048:
4041:
4032:
4016:
4004:
4003:
3924:Early Modern and
3834:Byzantine Papacy
3800:
2334:
2327:
2320:
2311:
2282:Preceded by
2263:Preceded by
2244:Preceded by
2217:Preceded by
2171:Preceded by
2161:
2144:
2136:
2120:
2043:
2026:Firpo, Massimo.
2016:
2014:
2012:
1954:
1953:
1933:
1927:
1926:
1906:
1900:
1899:
1888:
1882:
1875:
1869:
1868:
1848:
1842:
1841:
1821:
1808:
1807:
1787:
1778:
1777:
1757:
1748:
1747:
1745:
1743:
1731:
1725:
1724:
1706:
1700:
1699:
1687:
1681:
1680:
1678:
1676:
1662:
1656:
1646:
1640:
1639:
1637:
1635:
1626:. Archived from
1616:
1607:
1606:
1588:
1582:
1581:
1563:
1552:
1551:
1541:
1533:
1523:
1517:
1511:
1500:
1494:
1493:
1491:
1489:
1474:
1468:
1467:
1465:
1463:
1454:. Archived from
1444:
1433:
1432:
1414:
1408:
1407:
1389:
1383:
1382:
1374:
1368:
1361:
1355:
1354:
1347:
1341:
1340:
1332:
1326:
1325:
1317:
1306:
1300:
1299:
1291:
1283:
1266:
1265:
1263:
1261:
1247:
1109:Apostolic Palace
1105:Cappella Paolina
984:Alfonso Salmerón
834:to suppress the
781:
636:Election as pope
536:Pope Clement VII
456:Capriglia Irpina
367:bishop of Chieti
314:Posthumous style
281:
271:
266:
261:
248:
215:
198:Capriglia Irpina
182:Personal details
172:22 December 1536
169:Created cardinal
134:Previous post(s)
82:
78:
75:
66:
39:
21:
7605:
7604:
7600:
7599:
7598:
7596:
7595:
7594:
7545:House of Carafa
7470:
7469:
7468:
7456:
7446:
7444:
7434:
7432:
7420:
7408:
7398:
7396:
7388:
7386:
7381:
7369:
7359:
7357:
7349:
7271:World Youth Day
7249:
7238:World Youth Day
7182:Pacem in terris
7176:Pope John XXIII
7115:
7042:
7033:Edict of Nantes
6991:
6987:
6977:
6943:Teresa of Ávila
6938:Tridentine Mass
6874:
6870:
6861:
6842:Knights Templar
6796:
6698:
6654:Gregorian chant
6612:
6538:
6535:
6532:
6530:
6519:
6507:
6434:
6303:
6291:
6283:
6150:
6148:Catholic Church
6141:
6111:
6106:
6084:
6076:
6055:
6038:Relief Services
6004:
5950:Catholic Action
5940:Military orders
5877:Confraternities
5869:of the faithful
5868:
5861:
5683:
5674:
5610:
5516:
5410:
5269:
5261:
5194:Prior, Prioress
5150:
5043:
5039:Vatican Museums
4990:
4923:
4909:
4905:
4901:
4897:
4892:
4886:
4811:
4765:Social teaching
4732:
4671:
4616:
4571:One true church
4535:
4512:Sixtine Vulgate
4508:Official Bible
4422:
4418:
4413:
4401:
4319:
4251:
4196:
4166:Petrine primacy
4109:
4105:
4100:
4092:
4064:
4062:Catholic Church
4059:
4029:
4024:
3988:
3971:(1929–present)
3925:
3919:
3873:Tusculan Papacy
3865:
3859:
3840:Frankish Papacy
3805:
3789:
3603:
3317:
2916:
2620:
2414:
2347:
2345:Catholic Church
2338:
2304:
2295:
2287:
2276:
2268:
2257:
2249:
2239:
2230:
2222:
2212:
2203:
2193:
2191:Ennio Filonardi
2184:
2176:
2142:
2134:
2118:
2111:
2106:
2041:
2010:
2008:
2006:
1991:
1962:
1957:
1935:
1934:
1930:
1923:
1908:
1907:
1903:
1890:
1889:
1885:
1876:
1872:
1865:
1850:
1849:
1845:
1838:
1823:
1822:
1811:
1804:
1789:
1788:
1781:
1774:
1759:
1758:
1751:
1741:
1739:
1733:
1732:
1728:
1721:
1708:
1707:
1703:
1689:
1688:
1684:
1674:
1672:
1664:
1663:
1659:
1647:
1643:
1633:
1631:
1620:"Wines, Roger.
1618:
1617:
1610:
1603:
1590:
1589:
1585:
1578:
1565:
1564:
1555:
1534:
1529:The Renaissance
1525:
1524:
1520:
1502:
1501:
1497:
1487:
1485:
1476:
1475:
1471:
1461:
1459:
1446:
1445:
1436:
1429:
1416:
1415:
1411:
1404:
1391:
1390:
1386:
1376:
1375:
1371:
1362:
1358:
1349:
1348:
1344:
1334:
1333:
1329:
1308:
1307:
1303:
1285:
1284:
1269:
1259:
1257:
1249:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1228:
1189:Luther Blissett
1175:The White Devil
1159:
1147:Oliviero Carafa
1140:Cardinal-nephew
1005:
968:
962:
813:Giovanni Morone
808:to the throne.
734:Duke of Paliano
722:cardinal-nephew
679:
644:
638:
596:Cardinal-Priest
592:
523:and then papal
505:Oliviero Carafa
501:
496:
452:
415:Cardinal Nephew
348:Catholic Church
306:Religious style
287:Reference style
269:
267:
265:Papal styles of
264:
235:
217:
213:
204:
195:
193:
192:
173:
163:Oliviero Carafa
160:
146:
92:Catholic Church
83:
80:
76:
50:
47:
46:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7603:
7601:
7593:
7592:
7587:
7585:Theatine popes
7582:
7577:
7572:
7567:
7562:
7557:
7552:
7547:
7542:
7537:
7532:
7527:
7522:
7517:
7512:
7507:
7502:
7497:
7492:
7487:
7482:
7472:
7471:
7467:
7466:
7454:
7442:
7430:
7418:
7406:
7383:
7382:
7380:
7379:
7367:
7354:
7351:
7350:
7348:
7347:
7342:
7337:
7330:
7325:
7320:
7319:
7318:
7313:
7308:
7303:
7298:
7293:
7288:
7283:
7278:
7268:
7263:
7257:
7255:
7251:
7250:
7248:
7247:
7246:
7245:
7235:
7230:
7225:
7220:
7215:
7210:
7200:
7195:
7190:
7185:
7178:
7173:
7166:
7161:
7159:Lateran Treaty
7156:
7151:
7146:
7141:
7136:
7131:
7125:
7123:
7117:
7116:
7114:
7113:
7106:
7101:
7096:
7091:
7086:
7081:
7076:
7071:
7066:
7061:
7056:
7050:
7048:
7044:
7043:
7041:
7040:
7035:
7030:
7025:
7020:
7015:
7010:
7005:
7000:
6994:
6992:
6984:Baroque period
6982:
6979:
6978:
6976:
6975:
6970:
6965:
6960:
6955:
6953:Peter Canisius
6950:
6945:
6940:
6935:
6930:
6928:Francis Xavier
6925:
6920:
6915:
6910:
6905:
6900:
6895:
6892:Exsurge Domine
6888:
6883:
6877:
6875:
6866:
6863:
6862:
6860:
6859:
6854:
6849:
6844:
6839:
6834:
6832:Pope Clement V
6829:
6828:
6827:
6825:Avignon Papacy
6820:Western Schism
6817:
6812:
6810:Thomas Aquinas
6806:
6804:
6798:
6797:
6795:
6794:
6789:
6784:
6779:
6774:
6769:
6764:
6759:
6754:
6749:
6744:
6739:
6734:
6729:
6724:
6719:
6714:
6708:
6706:
6700:
6699:
6697:
6696:
6691:
6686:
6681:
6676:
6671:
6666:
6664:Saint Boniface
6661:
6656:
6651:
6649:Pope Gregory I
6646:
6641:
6636:
6630:
6628:
6622:
6621:
6618:
6617:
6614:
6613:
6611:
6610:
6605:
6600:
6595:
6590:
6588:Biblical canon
6585:
6580:
6575:
6570:
6565:
6560:
6555:
6554:
6553:
6542:
6540:
6521:
6517:Late antiquity
6509:
6508:
6506:
6505:
6500:
6495:
6490:
6485:
6484:
6483:
6478:
6477:
6476:
6471:
6466:
6464:Pope Clement I
6454:Church Fathers
6451:
6445:
6443:
6436:
6435:
6433:
6432:
6431:
6430:
6425:
6420:
6415:
6410:
6405:
6395:
6390:
6385:
6380:
6379:
6378:
6373:
6368:
6363:
6353:
6348:
6343:
6338:
6337:
6336:
6331:
6326:
6321:
6310:
6308:
6293:
6285:
6284:
6282:
6281:
6276:
6271:
6266:
6261:
6260:
6259:
6254:
6244:
6239:
6234:
6229:
6224:
6223:
6222:
6217:
6215:Biblical canon
6210:Catholic Bible
6207:
6206:
6205:
6195:
6194:
6193:
6183:
6178:
6173:
6172:
6171:
6160:
6158:
6152:
6151:
6142:
6140:
6139:
6132:
6125:
6117:
6108:
6107:
6105:
6104:
6094:
6081:
6078:
6077:
6075:
6074:
6069:
6064:
6059:
6056:
6050:
6045:
6040:
6035:
6030:
6025:
6020:
6014:
6012:
6006:
6005:
6003:
6002:
5997:
5992:
5987:
5985:Legion of Mary
5982:
5977:
5972:
5967:
5962:
5957:
5952:
5947:
5942:
5937:
5936:
5935:
5934:
5933:
5923:
5922:
5921:
5914:Lay Carmelites
5911:
5901:
5900:
5899:
5894:
5889:
5884:
5873:
5871:
5863:
5862:
5860:
5859:
5854:
5849:
5844:
5839:
5834:
5829:
5824:
5819:
5814:
5809:
5804:
5799:
5794:
5789:
5784:
5779:
5774:
5769:
5764:
5762:Conceptionists
5759:
5754:
5749:
5744:
5739:
5734:
5729:
5724:
5719:
5714:
5709:
5704:
5699:
5697:Assumptionists
5693:
5691:
5676:
5675:
5673:
5672:
5665:
5658:
5651:
5648:
5647:
5646:
5641:
5636:
5626:
5620:
5618:
5612:
5611:
5609:
5608:
5603:
5598:
5595:
5590:
5585:
5580:
5575:
5570:
5565:
5564:
5563:
5553:
5548:
5543:
5542:
5541:
5530:
5528:
5522:
5521:
5518:
5517:
5515:
5514:
5513:
5512:
5511:
5510:
5505:
5500:
5495:
5485:
5480:
5475:
5465:
5464:
5463:
5462:
5461:
5451:
5446:
5441:
5436:
5431:
5420:
5418:
5412:
5411:
5409:
5408:
5407:
5406:
5401:
5399:Syro-Malankara
5396:
5391:
5386:
5381:
5376:
5371:
5366:
5361:
5356:
5351:
5349:Italo-Albanian
5346:
5341:
5336:
5331:
5326:
5321:
5316:
5311:
5306:
5301:
5296:
5291:
5281:
5275:
5273:
5263:
5262:
5260:
5259:
5258:
5257:
5252:
5247:
5237:
5232:
5231:
5230:
5220:
5219:
5218:
5213:
5203:
5198:
5197:
5196:
5191:
5186:
5181:
5167:
5160:
5158:
5152:
5151:
5149:
5148:
5143:
5138:
5133:
5132:
5131:
5126:
5121:
5116:
5111:
5106:
5101:
5096:
5091:
5086:
5076:
5075:
5074:
5069:
5058:
5056:
5045:
5044:
5042:
5041:
5036:
5031:
5026:
5021:
5019:Lateran Treaty
5016:
5011:
5006:
5000:
4998:
4992:
4991:
4989:
4988:
4983:
4978:
4977:
4976:
4966:
4965:
4964:
4959:
4945:
4940:
4931:
4929:
4914:
4888:
4887:
4885:
4884:
4879:
4874:
4869:
4864:
4859:
4854:
4849:
4844:
4839:
4838:
4837:
4832:
4821:
4819:
4813:
4812:
4810:
4809:
4808:
4807:
4802:
4792:
4791:
4790:
4780:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4762:
4757:
4755:Moral theology
4752:
4746:
4744:
4738:
4737:
4734:
4733:
4731:
4730:
4725:
4722:
4717:
4712:
4707:
4702:
4697:
4692:
4687:
4681:
4679:
4673:
4672:
4670:
4669:
4664:
4659:
4658:
4657:
4647:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4626:
4624:
4618:
4617:
4615:
4614:
4609:
4602:
4597:
4592:
4585:
4580:
4579:
4578:
4573:
4563:
4558:
4553:
4545:
4543:
4537:
4536:
4534:
4533:
4528:
4527:
4526:
4519:
4514:
4506:
4501:
4496:
4491:
4486:
4481:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4461:
4456:
4455:
4454:
4449:
4438:
4436:
4429:
4407:
4406:
4403:
4402:
4400:
4399:
4394:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4369:
4364:
4359:
4354:
4353:
4352:
4351:
4350:
4340:
4329:
4327:
4321:
4320:
4318:
4317:
4312:
4307:
4302:
4297:
4292:
4287:
4282:
4277:
4272:
4270:Pope Gregory I
4267:
4261:
4259:
4253:
4252:
4250:
4249:
4244:
4242:Biblical canon
4239:
4237:Late antiquity
4234:
4233:
4232:
4227:
4217:
4212:
4206:
4204:
4198:
4197:
4195:
4194:
4193:
4192:
4182:
4181:
4180:
4173:Church fathers
4170:
4169:
4168:
4163:
4153:
4152:
4151:
4146:
4141:
4136:
4125:
4123:
4114:
4107:Ecclesiastical
4094:
4093:
4091:
4090:
4085:
4080:
4075:
4069:
4066:
4065:
4060:
4058:
4057:
4050:
4043:
4035:
4026:
4025:
4023:
4022:
4010:
3997:
3994:
3993:
3990:
3989:
3987:
3986:
3985:
3984:
3978:
3966:
3963:Roman Question
3960:
3954:
3953:(c. 1640–1740)
3948:
3945:Baroque Papacy
3942:
3936:
3929:
3927:
3921:
3920:
3918:
3917:
3914:Western Schism
3911:
3908:Avignon Papacy
3905:
3904:
3903:
3897:
3891:
3882:
3876:
3869:
3867:
3861:
3860:
3858:
3857:
3854:Crescentii era
3851:
3843:
3837:
3831:
3825:
3824:
3823:
3810:
3808:
3797:
3791:
3790:
3788:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3660:Alexander VIII
3657:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3617:
3611:
3609:
3605:
3604:
3602:
3601:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3325:
3323:
3319:
3318:
3316:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3043:Anastasius III
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2924:
2922:
2918:
2917:
2915:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
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1484:. 25 July 2003
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1403:978-1317897736
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1310:Chisholm, Hugh
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5722:Bethlehemites
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5644:Vatican Radio
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5629:Vatican Media
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5015:
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5007:
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4993:
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4953:
4949:
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4941:
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4936:
4933:
4932:
4930:
4927:
4926:List of popes
4922:
4918:
4915:
4912:
4908:
4904:
4900:
4896:
4889:
4883:
4880:
4878:
4875:
4873:
4870:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4850:
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4833:
4831:
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4823:
4822:
4820:
4818:
4814:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4797:
4796:
4793:
4789:
4786:
4785:
4784:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4748:
4747:
4745:
4743:
4739:
4729:
4726:
4723:
4721:
4718:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4710:Mother of God
4708:
4706:
4703:
4701:
4698:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4683:
4682:
4680:
4678:
4674:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4660:
4656:
4653:
4652:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4627:
4625:
4623:
4619:
4613:
4610:
4608:
4607:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4595:People of God
4593:
4591:
4590:
4586:
4584:
4583:Infallibility
4581:
4577:
4574:
4572:
4569:
4568:
4567:
4564:
4562:
4559:
4557:
4554:
4552:
4551:
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4544:
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4525:
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4509:
4507:
4505:
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4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4459:Body and soul
4457:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4444:
4443:
4440:
4439:
4437:
4433:
4430:
4427:
4426:
4421:
4417:
4412:
4408:
4398:
4395:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4362:Enlightenment
4360:
4358:
4355:
4349:
4346:
4345:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4335:
4334:
4333:Protestantism
4331:
4330:
4328:
4326:
4322:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4310:Scholasticism
4308:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4295:Schism (1378)
4293:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4280:Schism (1054)
4278:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4263:
4262:
4260:
4258:
4254:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4231:
4228:
4226:
4223:
4222:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4208:
4207:
4205:
4203:
4199:
4191:
4188:
4187:
4186:
4183:
4179:
4176:
4175:
4174:
4171:
4167:
4164:
4162:
4159:
4158:
4157:
4154:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4131:
4130:
4127:
4126:
4124:
4122:
4118:
4115:
4112:
4108:
4104:
4099:
4095:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4070:
4067:
4063:
4056:
4051:
4049:
4044:
4042:
4037:
4036:
4033:
4021:
4020:
4015:
4011:
4009:
4008:
3999:
3998:
3995:
3982:
3979:
3976:
3973:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3964:
3961:
3958:
3955:
3952:
3949:
3946:
3943:
3940:
3937:
3934:
3931:
3930:
3928:
3922:
3915:
3912:
3909:
3906:
3901:
3898:
3895:
3892:
3889:
3886:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3877:
3874:
3871:
3870:
3868:
3864:High and Late
3862:
3855:
3852:
3849:
3848:
3844:
3841:
3838:
3835:
3832:
3829:
3826:
3821:
3818:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3811:
3809:
3807:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3792:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3680:Benedict XIII
3678:
3676:
3675:Innocent XIII
3673:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3640:Alexander VII
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3612:
3610:
3606:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3509:Innocent VIII
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3489:Callixtus III
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3409:Boniface VIII
3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3326:
3324:
3320:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3308:Celestine III
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3283:Alexander III
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3273:Anastasius IV
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3173:Sylvester III
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3158:Benedict VIII
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2925:
2923:
2919:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2682:Anastasius II
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2629:
2627:
2623:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2423:
2421:
2417:
2411:
2408:
2404:
2401:
2400:
2399:
2398:Pope emeritus
2396:
2394:
2391:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2378:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2358:
2357:
2356:List of popes
2354:
2353:
2350:
2346:
2342:
2335:
2330:
2328:
2323:
2321:
2316:
2315:
2312:
2303:
2294:
2293:
2286:
2280:
2275:
2274:
2267:
2261:
2256:
2255:
2248:
2242:
2238:
2229:
2228:
2221:
2215:
2211:
2202:
2201:
2196:
2192:
2183:
2182:
2175:
2169:
2166:
2162:
2157:
2153:
2149:
2146:
2141:
2138:
2133:
2132:
2127:
2124:
2117:
2113:
2112:
2108:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2072:
2068:
2065:
2061:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2047:
2039:
2036:
2032:
2029:
2025:
2022:
2018:
2007:
2005:9780786490868
2001:
1997:
1996:
1990:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1976:
1972:
1969:
1965:
1964:
1959:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1932:
1929:
1924:
1922:9780754661528
1918:
1914:
1913:
1905:
1902:
1897:
1893:
1887:
1884:
1880:
1874:
1871:
1866:
1860:
1856:
1855:
1847:
1844:
1839:
1833:
1829:
1828:
1820:
1818:
1816:
1814:
1810:
1805:
1799:
1795:
1794:
1786:
1784:
1780:
1775:
1769:
1765:
1764:
1756:
1754:
1750:
1737:
1730:
1727:
1722:
1716:
1712:
1705:
1702:
1697:
1693:
1686:
1683:
1671:
1667:
1661:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1645:
1642:
1629:
1625:
1623:
1615:
1613:
1609:
1604:
1602:9780813215952
1598:
1594:
1587:
1584:
1579:
1573:
1569:
1562:
1560:
1558:
1554:
1549:
1545:
1539:
1531:
1530:
1522:
1519:
1515:
1509:
1505:
1499:
1496:
1483:
1479:
1473:
1470:
1457:
1453:
1451:
1448:"John, Eric.
1443:
1441:
1439:
1435:
1430:
1424:
1420:
1413:
1410:
1405:
1399:
1395:
1388:
1385:
1381:. p. 24.
1380:
1373:
1370:
1366:
1360:
1357:
1352:
1346:
1343:
1338:
1331:
1328:
1323:
1322:
1316:
1311:
1305:
1302:
1297:
1296:
1290:
1282:
1280:
1278:
1276:
1274:
1272:
1268:
1256:
1252:
1246:
1243:
1237:
1233:
1230:
1229:
1225:
1223:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1204:
1201:
1200:Reginald Pole
1196:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1185:
1181:In the novel
1179:
1177:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1164:
1156:
1154:
1152:
1151:Pirro Ligorio
1148:
1144:
1141:
1136:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1113:lay in repose
1110:
1106:
1101:
1099:
1095:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1063:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1048:
1047:
1045:
1040:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1021:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1002:
1000:
997:
993:
989:
985:
981:
977:
973:
967:
959:
957:
954:
950:
946:
941:
939:
935:
931:
927:
923:
922:
917:
912:
910:
906:
901:
899:
896:According to
894:
892:
888:
884:
880:
879:
874:
870:
866:
865:
860:
851:
847:
845:
841:
837:
833:
829:
828:
822:
820:
819:
814:
809:
807:
803:
798:
794:
793:Reginald Pole
790:
786:
782:
780:
774:
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
745:
743:
739:
735:
731:
727:
723:
718:
715:
711:
707:
703:
699:
694:
692:
688:
684:
683:Pope Paul III
676:
674:
672:
668:
664:
660:
659:Pope Paul III
655:
653:
649:
643:
635:
633:
631:
627:
623:
618:
613:
611:
607:
603:
602:
597:
589:
587:
585:
581:
580:scholasticism
577:
573:
572:Pope Paul III
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
542:and join the
541:
537:
532:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
509:see of Chieti
506:
498:
494:Church career
493:
491:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
472:West Flanders
469:
465:
461:
457:
449:
447:
445:
441:
437:
436:
432:
427:
422:
421:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
371:Saint Cajetan
368:
363:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
316:
312:
308:
304:
301:Your Holiness
300:
296:
293:
290:
288:
284:
280:
275:
272:
262:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
234:
231:
227:
224:
220:
211:
207:
203:
199:
189:
185:
180:
177:
176:Pope Paul III
171:
167:
164:
158:
154:
149:
142:
139:
138:
136:
132:
129:
126:
122:
119:
116:
112:
108:
100:
93:
90:
86:
71:
65:
60:
57:
53:
45:
40:
37:
33:
19:
7480:Pope Paul IV
7428:Christianity
7332:
7328:Pope Francis
7254:21st century
7203:Pope Paul VI
7180:
7168:
7121:20th century
7108:
7059:Pope Pius IX
7047:19th century
7023:Pope Pius VI
6890:
6762:Latin Empire
6732:Universities
6684:Pope Leo III
6551:Christianity
6536:state church
6528:Great Church
6329:Resurrection
6292:(30–325/476)
6289:Early Church
6274:Latin Church
6269:Papal States
6264:Vatican City
6072:Universities
5904:Third orders
5867:Associations
5857:Visitandines
5852:Trinitarians
5802:Mercedarians
5787:Hieronymites
5732:Camaldoleses
5717:Benedictines
5707:Augustinians
5667:
5660:
5653:
5634:Vatican News
5588:Distinctions
5394:Syro-Malabar
5279:Latin Church
5201:Grand master
5099:Metropolitan
4996:Vatican City
4891:Organisation
4770:Philosophers
4635:Confirmation
4612:In canon law
4606:Subsistit in
4604:
4600:Three states
4587:
4548:
4541:Ecclesiology
4523:Nova Vulgata
4521:
4479:Original sin
4474:Nicene Creed
4464:Divine grace
4423:
4305:Universities
4275:Papal States
4202:Great Church
4144:Resurrection
4121:Early Church
4017:
4005:
3975:World War II
3969:Vatican City
3845:
3816:(until 493)
3780:Benedict XVI
3775:John Paul II
3695:Clement XIII
3690:Benedict XIV
3665:Innocent XII
3599:Clement VIII
3574:Gregory XIII
3558:
3554:Marcellus II
3514:Alexander VI
3464:Innocent VII
3429:Benedict XII
3384:Nicholas III
3349:Alexander IV
3339:Celestine IV
3329:Honorius III
3313:Innocent III
3298:Gregory VIII
3258:Celestine II
3243:Callixtus II
3213:Alexander II
3138:Sylvester II
3118:Benedict VII
3078:Stephen VIII
2963:Benedict III
2817:Adeodatus II
2762:Boniface III
2616:Anastasius I
2290:
2285:Marcellus II
2271:
2252:
2225:
2198:
2179:
2143:(in Italian)
2135:(in Italian)
2130:
2122:
2119:(in Italian)
2092:
2077:
2070:
2052:
2045:
2027:
2009:. Retrieved
1994:
1981:
1967:
1960:Bibliography
1950:the original
1945:
1941:
1931:
1911:
1904:
1895:
1886:
1878:
1873:
1853:
1846:
1826:
1792:
1762:
1740:. Retrieved
1729:
1710:
1704:
1695:
1685:
1673:. Retrieved
1669:
1660:
1644:
1632:. Retrieved
1628:the original
1621:
1592:
1586:
1567:
1528:
1521:
1498:
1486:. Retrieved
1481:
1472:
1460:. Retrieved
1456:the original
1449:
1418:
1412:
1393:
1387:
1378:
1372:
1364:
1359:
1351:"Britannica"
1345:
1330:
1319:
1304:
1293:
1258:. Retrieved
1254:
1245:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1205:
1197:
1192:
1182:
1180:
1173:
1170:John Webster
1167:
1160:
1143:Carlo Carafa
1137:
1102:
1090:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1041:
1022:
1010:
1006:
980:Diego Laynez
969:
960:Consistories
942:
919:
916:Michelangelo
913:
902:
895:
891:Papal States
876:
862:
856:
825:
823:
816:
810:
776:
746:
726:Carlo Carafa
719:
710:Duke of Alba
695:
680:
656:
645:
614:
601:S. Pancrazio
599:
593:
560:sack of Rome
555:
533:
512:
502:
453:
444:Roman Ghetto
439:
433:
418:
411:Carlo Carafa
364:
352:Papal States
343:
324:Pope Paul IV
323:
322:
298:Spoken style
292:His Holiness
270:Pope Paul IV
268:
241:Coat of arms
232:
223:Papal States
214:(1559-08-18)
194:28 June 1476
156:Consecration
118:Marcellus II
106:Papacy ended
98:Papacy began
36:
7500:Inquisitors
7490:1559 deaths
7485:1476 births
7416:Catholicism
7334:Laudato si'
7129:Pope Pius X
6958:Philip Neri
6933:Pope Pius V
6908:Thomas More
6777:Inquisition
6679:Charlemagne
6639:Monasticism
6449:Persecution
6341:Holy Spirit
6324:Crucifixion
6203:First seven
6062:Health care
6048:Pax Christi
6000:Schoenstatt
5965:Sant'Egidio
5797:Legionaries
5777:Franciscans
5752:Cistercians
5747:Carthusians
5702:Annonciades
5561:Altarpieces
5454:West Syriac
5449:East Syriac
5429:Alexandrian
5053:Holy orders
5034:Swiss Guard
4974:Dicasteries
4969:Roman Curia
4867:Evangelists
4825:Holy Family
4760:Personalism
4750:Natural law
4728:Josephology
4662:Holy orders
4300:Inquisition
4257:Middle Ages
4247:Monasticism
4215:Constantine
4139:Crucifixion
3983:(1945–1991)
3977:(1939–1945)
3965:(1870–1929)
3959:(1775–1848)
3947:(1585–1689)
3941:(1534–1585)
3935:(1417–1534)
3916:(1378–1417)
3910:(1309–1378)
3902:, 1228–1304
3896:, 1262–1297
3890:, 1257–1281
3881:(1048–1257)
3866:Middle Ages
3806:Middle Ages
3770:John Paul I
3745:Benedict XV
3725:Gregory XVI
3700:Clement XIV
3685:Clement XII
3655:Innocent XI
3594:Innocent IX
3589:Gregory XIV
3539:Clement VII
3469:Gregory XII
3459:Boniface IX
3439:Innocent VI
3414:Benedict XI
3404:Celestine V
3399:Nicholas IV
3394:Honorius IV
3344:Innocent IV
3303:Clement III
3253:Innocent II
3248:Honorius II
3238:Gelasius II
3218:Gregory VII
3208:Nicholas II
3168:Benedict IX
3113:Benedict VI
3088:Agapetus II
3063:Stephen VII
3038:Sergius III
3028:Benedict IV
3018:Theodore II
3003:Boniface VI
2902:Stephen III
2882:Gregory III
2872:Constantine
2837:Benedict II
2772:Adeodatus I
2767:Boniface IV
2747:Pelagius II
2707:Boniface II
2647:Celestine I
2586:Sylvester I
2571:Marcellus I
2566:Marcellinus
2501:Callixtus I
2486:Eleutherius
2461:Telesphorus
2451:Alexander I
2373:Papal names
1649:Deming 2012
1634:19 February
1504:Ryrie, Alec
1462:19 February
1208:Sholem Asch
972:Pope Pius V
840:Pope Pius V
832:Holy Office
667:protodeacon
309:Holy Father
143:(1536–1655)
114:Predecessor
101:23 May 1555
81: 1560
77: 1556
7474:Categories
7207:coronation
6913:Pope Leo X
6498:Tertullian
6428:Revelation
6403:Background
5817:Oratorians
5772:Dominicans
5742:Carmelites
5737:Camillians
5685:institutes
5498:Tridentine
5434:Antiochian
5354:Macedonian
5299:Belarusian
5189:Provincial
5104:Archbishop
5024:Roman Rota
4986:Properties
4911:By country
4907:Precedence
4872:Confessors
4852:Archangels
4842:Patriarchs
4742:Philosophy
4720:Veneration
4685:Assumption
4655:Last rites
4622:Sacraments
4566:Four marks
4377:Vatican II
4325:Modern era
4161:Succession
3926:Modern Era
3856:(974–1012)
3760:John XXIII
3670:Clement XI
3645:Clement IX
3635:Innocent X
3630:Urban VIII
3625:Gregory XV
3549:Julius III
3484:Nicholas V
3449:Gregory XI
3434:Clement VI
3369:Innocent V
3359:Clement IV
3334:Gregory IX
3288:Lucius III
3268:Eugene III
3233:Paschal II
3223:Victor III
3203:Stephen IX
3188:Damasus II
3183:Clement II
3178:Gregory VI
3153:Sergius IV
3148:John XVIII
3098:Benedict V
3083:Marinus II
3008:Stephen VI
2988:Adrian III
2968:Nicholas I
2953:Sergius II
2948:Gregory IV
2928:Stephen IV
2892:Stephen II
2877:Gregory II
2797:Theodore I
2782:Honorius I
2777:Boniface V
2742:Benedict I
2732:Pelagius I
2717:Agapetus I
2677:Gelasius I
2667:Simplicius
2652:Sixtus III
2642:Boniface I
2632:Innocent I
2496:Zephyrinus
2410:Pope-elect
2386:non-extant
2277:1553–1555
2231:1550–1553
2204:1546–1550
2185:1544–1546
2011:24 October
1653:p. 36
1514:transcript
1488:1 November
1238:References
1218:, Hebrew:
1214:(Yiddish:
1157:In fiction
1044:pasquinata
1029:John Craig
836:Spirituali
797:spirituali
773:papal bull
755:rulers as
753:Protestant
630:Papal Bull
606:Archbishop
517:Pope Leo X
484:Portuguese
466:family of
450:Early life
431:Papal bull
387:Protestant
79: – c.
7404:Biography
7223:Communism
7193:Ecumenism
6539:(380–451)
6531:(180–451)
6520:(313–476)
6442:(100–325)
6058:See also:
6010:Charities
5919:Discalced
5847:Trappists
5842:Theatines
5812:Olivetans
5757:Clarisses
5727:Blue nuns
5712:Basilians
5689:societies
5597:See also:
5483:Mozarabic
5473:Ambrosian
5459:Malankara
5444:Byzantine
5404:Ukrainian
5379:Ruthenian
5344:Hungarian
5329:Ethiopian
5304:Bulgarian
5271:sui iuris
5255:Postulant
5164:Religious
5119:Auxiliary
5114:Coadjutor
5084:Patriarch
4952:Cardinals
4899:Canon law
4895:Hierarchy
4877:Disciples
4800:Relations
4788:Evolution
4779:See also:
4724:See also:
4677:Mariology
4667:Matrimony
4640:Eucharist
4561:Ecumenism
4489:Salvation
4425:Catechism
4420:Tradition
4382:Communism
4230:Chalcedon
3850:(904–964)
3842:(756–857)
3836:(537–752)
3830:(493–537)
3822:(312–337)
3720:Pius VIII
3650:Clement X
3584:Urban VII
3534:Adrian VI
3524:Julius II
3504:Sixtus IV
3479:Eugene IV
3424:John XXII
3419:Clement V
3389:Martin IV
3364:Gregory X
3293:Urban III
3278:Adrian IV
3263:Lucius II
3198:Victor II
3143:John XVII
3133:Gregory V
3108:John XIII
2993:Stephen V
2983:Marinus I
2978:John VIII
2973:Adrian II
2943:Valentine
2938:Eugene II
2933:Paschal I
2867:Sisinnius
2852:Sergius I
2787:Severinus
2752:Gregory I
2722:Silverius
2692:Hormisdas
2687:Symmachus
2672:Felix III
2606:Damasus I
2581:Miltiades
2556:Eutychian
2546:Dionysius
2541:Sixtus II
2536:Stephen I
2526:Cornelius
2446:Evaristus
2441:Clement I
2436:Anacletus
2366:canonised
2361:graphical
1624:, (1981)"
1538:cite book
1482:Heraldica
1450:The Popes
1394:Philip II
1033:John Knox
907:from the
883:synagogue
775:in 1555,
769:Edward VI
747:With the
604:and then
548:Theatines
540:benefices
534:In 1524,
407:Habsburgs
375:Theatines
332:Paulus IV
124:Successor
7464:Politics
7233:HIV/AIDS
6727:Crusades
6481:Irenaeus
6474:Ignatius
6469:Polycarp
6319:Ministry
6307:(30–100)
6181:Timeline
6102:Category
5995:Opus Dei
5980:Scouting
5970:Focolare
5837:Servites
5822:Piarists
5767:Crosiers
5503:Anglican
5439:Armenian
5369:Romanian
5359:Maronite
5334:Georgian
5324:Eritrean
5309:Chaldean
5294:Armenian
5289:Albanian
5170:Superior
5129:Emeritus
5109:Diocesan
4962:Advisers
4921:Holy See
4847:Prophets
4805:Politics
4576:Catholic
4556:Councils
4411:Theology
4290:Crusades
4225:Nicaea I
4156:Apostles
4134:Ministry
4103:Timeline
4083:Glossary
4007:Category
3981:Cold War
3755:Pius XII
3735:Leo XIII
3710:Pius VII
3579:Sixtus V
3544:Paul III
3519:Pius III
3474:Martin V
3454:Urban VI
3379:John XXI
3374:Adrian V
3354:Urban IV
3228:Urban II
3163:John XIX
3123:John XIV
3103:Leo VIII
3093:John XII
2998:Formosus
2907:Adrian I
2862:John VII
2812:Vitalian
2807:Eugene I
2802:Martin I
2757:Sabinian
2737:John III
2727:Vigilius
2702:Felix IV
2662:Hilarius
2611:Siricius
2601:Liberius
2596:Julius I
2576:Eusebius
2531:Lucius I
2491:Victor I
2476:Anicetus
2456:Sixtus I
2393:Antipope
1881:, p. 646
1742:10 March
1226:See also
1178:(1612).
953:apostasy
930:Fig leaf
757:heretics
730:Giovanni
590:Cardinal
576:humanist
476:Montorio
460:Avellino
426:Marranos
405:and the
340:Paolo IV
7440:History
7390:Portals
7198:Judaism
6598:Vulgate
6408:Gospels
6383:Stephen
6300:Origins
6220:Vulgate
6156:General
6146:of the
6144:History
6067:Schools
6023:Caritas
5931:Secular
5897:Workers
5792:Jesuits
5578:Museums
5573:Library
5551:Writers
5546:Artists
5526:Culture
5493:Paul VI
5374:Russian
5364:Melkite
5206:Brother
5184:General
5124:Titular
5094:Primate
5072:Eparchy
5062:Diocese
5009:Outline
4948:College
4938:Francis
4882:Virgins
4857:Martyrs
4783:Science
4690:History
4645:Penance
4630:Baptism
4531:Worship
4504:Vulgate
4452:Kingdom
4447:Trinity
4435:General
4190:Primacy
4098:History
4078:Outline
3900:Perugia
3894:Orvieto
3888:Viterbo
3785:Francis
3765:Paul VI
3750:Pius XI
3730:Pius IX
3715:Leo XII
3705:Pius VI
3564:Pius IV
3559:Paul IV
3499:Paul II
3494:Pius II
3444:Urban V
3128:John XV
3073:Leo VII
3068:John XI
3023:John IX
3013:Romanus
2912:Leo III
2887:Zachary
2857:John VI
2792:John IV
2712:John II
2637:Zosimus
2551:Felix I
2516:Anterus
2511:Pontian
2506:Urban I
2466:Hyginus
2343:of the
2302:Pius IV
2101:2860374
1107:in the
986:warned
978:priest
945:Marrano
924:in the
742:Antonio
738:Colonna
663:crowned
556:Theate.
544:ascetic
521:England
511:(Latin
488:Pereira
458:, near
336:Italian
128:Pius IV
49:Paul IV
7164:Nazism
6986:to the
6593:Jerome
6503:Origen
6186:Papacy
5945:Fimcap
5887:Marian
5807:Minims
5539:Marian
5389:Syriac
5384:Slovak
5314:Coptic
5250:Oblate
5245:Master
5240:Novice
5235:Hermit
5223:Sister
5179:Abbess
5146:Deacon
5141:Priest
5136:Parish
5079:Bishop
5049:Polity
4835:Joseph
4817:Saints
4484:Saints
4372:Nazism
3740:Pius X
3620:Paul V
3615:Leo XI
3569:Pius V
3193:Leo IX
3058:Leo VI
3053:John X
2958:Leo IV
2897:Paul I
2842:John V
2832:Leo II
2827:Agatho
2697:John I
2521:Fabian
2471:Pius I
2381:extant
2377:Tombs
2121:, in:
2099:
2086:547469
2084:
2064:online
2057:online
2044:". in
2035:online
2021:online
2002:
1986:online
1975:online
1919:
1879:I papi
1861:
1834:
1800:
1770:
1717:
1675:10 May
1599:
1574:
1425:
1400:
1260:12 May
1129:office
1121:canons
1062:Erebus
976:Jesuit
949:Ancona
938:Venice
909:Temple
677:Papacy
610:Naples
564:Venice
525:nuncio
513:Theate
499:Bishop
468:Naples
464:Carafa
356:nuncio
151:Orders
88:Church
7570:Popes
7452:Italy
7266:Islam
6534:Roman
6493:Canon
6366:Peter
6314:Jesus
6043:CIDSE
5892:Youth
5616:Media
5583:Music
5508:Zaire
5488:Roman
5478:Braga
5468:Latin
5339:Greek
5211:Friar
5175:Abbot
5089:Major
5004:Index
4903:Laity
4469:Dogma
4416:Bible
4392:Islam
4348:Trent
4129:Jesus
4111:Legal
4073:Index
3529:Leo X
3048:Lando
3033:Leo V
2847:Conon
2822:Donus
2657:Leo I
2561:Caius
2481:Soter
2431:Linus
2426:Peter
2341:Popes
2258:1553
2097:JSTOR
2082:JSTOR
1111:. It
1018:Tiber
1003:Death
878:scudi
529:Spain
360:Spain
328:Latin
229:Motto
7316:2023
7311:2019
7306:2016
7301:2013
7296:2011
7291:2008
7286:2005
7281:2002
7276:2000
7243:1995
6413:Acts
6376:Paul
6371:John
6346:Mary
5568:Folk
5216:Monk
4957:List
4935:Pope
4830:Mary
2591:Mark
2292:Pope
2013:2015
2000:ISBN
1917:ISBN
1859:ISBN
1832:ISBN
1798:ISBN
1768:ISBN
1744:2022
1715:ISBN
1677:2023
1636:2016
1597:ISBN
1572:ISBN
1548:link
1544:link
1512:See
1490:2012
1464:2016
1423:ISBN
1398:ISBN
1262:2022
887:hats
859:bull
844:Como
789:lord
615:The
568:Rome
480:Dona
317:None
219:Rome
209:Died
187:Born
44:Pope
6302:and
6252:Art
5882:Lay
5534:Art
5228:Nun
4950:of
4442:God
2150:at
1187:by
1123:of
720:As
608:of
598:of
554:of
552:see
527:in
413:as
358:in
174:by
7476::
5687:,
5177:,
2154:,
1946:24
1944:.
1940:.
1894:.
1812:^
1782:^
1752:^
1694:.
1668:.
1651:,
1611:^
1556:^
1540:}}
1536:{{
1480:.
1437:^
1318:.
1270:^
1253:.
1046::
1020:.
861:,
821:.
724:,
612:.
586:.
490:.
338::
334:;
330::
221:,
200:,
74:c.
72:,
7392::
7209:)
7205:(
6136:e
6129:t
6122:v
5682:,
5166::
5055:)
5051:(
4928:)
4924:(
4054:e
4047:t
4040:v
2333:e
2326:t
2319:v
2103:.
2088:.
2066:.
2059:.
2042:'
2037:.
2023:.
2015:.
1988:.
1977:.
1925:.
1867:.
1840:.
1806:.
1776:.
1746:.
1723:.
1679:.
1655:.
1638:.
1605:.
1580:.
1550:)
1510:.
1492:.
1466:.
1431:.
1406:.
1339:.
1264:.
1184:Q
326:(
34:.
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