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875:(former leader of the citizenship freedom in Rome), whose release from prison at Avignon he secured. After the murder of the tribune in 1354 Albornoz pursued his task of restoring the pope's authority by intrigue and force with remarkable success. However, the ten years of bloody warfare conducted by Albornoz accomplished very little to secure the pacification of Italy for now four mercenary companies roved through Italy spreading further bloodshed and strife. The Papal State was itself far from completely pacified; a savage and devastating war went on from 1361 to 1367 between Rome and
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In 1353, Pope
Innocent VI sent Albornoz to Italy with the goal of restoring papal authority in the Church states. Leading a small mercenary army, he embarked on a series of successful campaigns against various rulers, ultimately expanding the territories of the Papal States. During his time in Italy,
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Albornoz was born in
Carrascosa del Campo, Spain. Raised in Zaragoza and educated alongside his mother's brother, Albornoz pursued his studies in law at Toulouse. As the Archbishop of Toledo, he held two reform synods, and throughout his career, he demonstrated his military prowess. He fought against
859:
As Urban's greatest desire was that of a crusade against the Turks, the two parts signed a hasty peace, which was highly favourable to
Visconti. The relentless work of Albornoz ushered in a decade of warfare and atrocity culminating in the massacre of Cesena, a town faithful to the Papal cause whose
477:
In 1350, Pope
Clement VI appointed Albornoz as a cardinal-priest of S. Clemente, recognizing his military and diplomatic abilities. Shortly after Pope Innocent VI's election in 1352, Albornoz was appointed grand penitentiary and given the epithet "Angel of Peace." However, this title would become an
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Gil de
Albornoz of Spanish nation, native of the city of Cuenca, of the enlightened lineage of the Albornozes son of Garcialuarez de Albornoz, Lord of many towns: descended by straight line from the lineage of Alonso Quinto King of Leon, and Doña Teresa de Luna his wife, of the high lineage of Don
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Despite a decade of warfare and multiple successful campaigns, Albornoz's efforts did not completely secure peace and stability in Italy. The Papal State itself faced ongoing conflicts, and mercenary companies roamed Italy, spreading further bloodshed and strife. Regardless, as a mark of gratitude
980:
Gil de
Albornoz de nacion Español, natural de la ciudad de Cuenca, del linage esclarescido delos Albornozes hijo de Garcialuarez de Albornoz, Señor de muchos pueblos: descendié te por linea recta del linage de dó Alonso Quinto Rey de Leon, y de doña Teresa de Luna su muger, del alto linage de don
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In addition to his military and diplomatic achievements, Albornoz left a lasting legacy in the field of education. In 1364, he founded the
College of Saint Clement in Bologna to benefit Castilian, Aragonese, and Portuguese students, providing them with a unique learning opportunity.
680:. Giovanni was defeated in the battle of Viterbo of 10 March 1354 and signed a treaty of submission. To mark his authority over Viterbo, he immediately decided to build a palace there near the San Faustino church.
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sent him as a legate into Italy, with a view to the restoration of the papal authority in the states of the Church, at the head of a small mercenary army. After receiving the support of the archbishop of
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He was elected archbishop of Toledo by the cathedral chapter to succeed his uncle Jimeno de Luna. The election was confirmed by Pope
Benedict XII by decree of the Pontifical Foreign Ministry given in
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in 1344 he led the armed levy of his archbishopric. As
Archbishop of Toledo he held two reform synods; one at Toledo in May 1339, the other at Alcalá in April 1347. In 1343 he had been sent to
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610:. His military and diplomatic ability became known to the pope, who made him a cardinal-priest of S. Clemente in December of that year, at which point he resigned the archbishopric of Toledo.
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in
December 1352 and given the epithet "Angel of Peace", a title which quickly became an ironic misnomer given his future campaigns in the Papal States.
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Known today as Palazzo Lomellino di Aragona-Carnevalini, this palace was restored after damage suffered in 1944. It houses the Museum of Etruscan Art.
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was elected. Under him Albornoz started the military campaign against Visconti and, when all attacks failed, Urban proclaimed a crusade against him.
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on the death of the king Alfonso XI in March 1350, and never returned. It has been said, but not on contemporary evidence, that he fled from fear of
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a Marinid invasion from Morocco in 1340 at the Battle of Río Salado and led the armed levy of his archbishopric at the taking of Algeciras in 1344.
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the same year. According to his own desire his remains were carried to Toledo, where Henry of Castile had them entombed with almost royal honours.
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at his arrival in Avignon. His sojourn there was to be short, however, as Giovanni di Vico and Francesco Ordelaffi (who had hired the famous
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1463:[From the Albornoz to the Mendoza: the transmission of the stately state of the Infantado de Huete in the Late Middle Ages].
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while in 1366-7 there was a general rebellion in Campagna. Despite all and as a mark of gratitude the pope appointed him legate at
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1284:(2018). "La recuperación de los territorios del Estado pontificio" [The recovery of the territories of the Papal State].
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The Arts of Peace: Essays: Homage to thirty years of Rectorship at the Royal College of Spain in Bologna, 1977–2007
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As legate, Albornoz showed himself to be an astute manager of men and effective fighter. He began by making use of
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La casa de Luna (1276–1348) : factor político y lazos de sangre en la ascensión de un linaje aragonés
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at Bologna was founded by Albornoz for the benefit Castilian, Aragonese and Portuguese students, in 1364.
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14th century miniature showing Cardinal Albornoz receiving the keys of the subjugated Italian cities
774:. Before leaving, in a meeting with all the Papal vicars held on 29 April 1357, Albornoz issued the
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History of the deeds of the most illustrious Lord Cardinal Don Gil de Albornoz Archbishop of Toledo
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The house of Luna (1276–1348): political factor and blood ties in the rise of an Aragonese lineage
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Hystoria de los hechos del illustrissimo Señor Cardenal Don Gil de Albornoz Arçobispo de Toledo
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Albornoz was the son of Garcialuarez Albornoz, IV Lord of Albornoz, tutor to the future King
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to negotiate a grant of a tax on the revenues of the Church for the Crusade. Albornoz left
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House of the Albornoz and Luna family in Cuenca, where Gil de Albornoz spent his childhood.
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Les condottieres : capitaines, princes et mécènes en Italie : XIIIe–XVIe siècle
837:, general regulations of the pontifical administration of the domain of Saint-Pierre.
27:
14th century Spanish cardinal, archbishop, Chancellor of Toledo and ecclesiastical leader
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from a symbolic miniature illustration in one of the Collegio's biblical manuscripts
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1200:[Nobility and power in the basin land: new data on the Albornoz lineage].
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to complete his rebuilding of the Papal States. When that city was attacked by
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for his service, Pope Urban V appointed Albornoz as legate at Bologna in 1367.
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to surrender on 4 July 1359. He then promulgates in the name of the pope the
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Albornoz was a descendant of the kings of León and Aragón and founder of the
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The condottieres: captains, princes and patrons in Italy: 13th–16th century
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entire population was executed by the Papal forces while paving the way of
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1276:. Vol. 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 512.
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This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
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1374:] (in Spanish). Madrid: Centro de Estudios Europa Hispánica.
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ironic misnomer as he later led campaigns in the Papal States.
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As follows, a description of Sepúlveda of his book. Spanish:
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were at that point resisting the Papal reconquest. In 1356,
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mercenary armies in two campaigns to reconquer territory in
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Opera Omnia – De Vita et Rebus Gestis Aegidii Albornotii
1416:"The Sources for the History of the Papal Penitentiary"
672:, who had usurped much of the Papal territories in the
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1323:]. Münster: Aschendorffsche Verlagsbuchhandlung.
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Cassagnes-Brouquet, Sophie; Doumerc, Bernard (2011).
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Sources of Juan Ginés de Sepúlveda about G. Albornoz
743:. Towards the end of 1356 Albornoz was appointed as
1294:] (in Spanish). Vol. 3. Ciudad de México:
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1784:Major Penitentiaries of the Apostolic Penitentiary
1779:14th-century Roman Catholic archbishops in Castile
1539:Works by or about Gil Álvarez Carrillo de Albornoz
1406:] (in Spanish), vol. 65, pp. 108–112
1292:The Middle Ages, III: Castles, merchants and poets
1287:La Edad Media, III: Castillos, mercaderes y poetas
571:, with his mother's brother, and studied law in
1143:"Biograḟia de Gil Álvarez Carrillo de Albornoz"
1099:(6 ed.). New York: Robert Appleton Company
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1184:(in Latin). Bologna: Girolamo Benedetti. 1533.
559:. He was born in late 1302 or early 1303, in
8:
1396:Béthencourt, Francisco Fernández de (1914),
906:on 13 May 1338, in which he is mentioned as
912:, Pontifical Chaplain and Doctor of Decrees
161:Churches Militant, Penitent, and Triumphant
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1364:Valdecasas, José Guillermo García (2007).
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120:Learn how and when to remove this message
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1404:Albornoz in Castile, by D. Alfonso Jara
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451:from December 1356 to August 23, 1364.
431:from December 1352 to August 23, 1364.
159:Cardinal Gil de Albornoz in the fresco
1313:Moxó y Montoliu, Francisco de (1990).
1196:Cervigón, José Ignacio Ortega (2009).
834:Constitutiones Sanctae Matri Ecclesiae
459:from 30 June 1353 to 1357, who led as
427:from 13 May 1338 to 17 December 1350.
1130:Cassagnes-Brouquet & Doumerc 2011
940:Constitutiones Sanctæ Matris Ecclesiæ
777:Constitutiones Sanctæ Matris Ecclesiæ
540:, and Doña Teresa de Luna, sister of
485:Constitutiones Sanctæ Matris Ecclesiæ
7:
1235:] (in French). Paris: Ellipses.
58:adding citations to reliable sources
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768:a crusade was declared against them
416:– 23 August 1367), was a Spanish
69:"Gil Álvarez Carrillo de Albornoz"
25:
1494:Sepúlveda, Juan Ginés de (1780).
1093:"Alvarez Carillo Gil de Albornoz"
582:he successfully fought against a
567:). He was raised and educated in
407:Egidio Álvarez de Albornoz y Luna
236:Egidio Álvarez de Albornoz y Luna
1759:14th-century Castilian cardinals
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140:Gil Álvarez Carrillo de Albornoz
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1478:10.5209/rev_ELEM.2011.v34.36299
45:needs additional citations for
590:in 1340, and at the taking of
555:and a member of the prominent
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1459:Prieto, Pablo Martín (2011).
812:The Cardinal was honoured as
503:, an academic institution of
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165:Andrea di Bonaiuto da Firenze
1529:Resources in other libraries
1367:Las Artes de la Paz: Ensayos
1204:(in Spanish) (33): 143–173.
1202:Miscelánea Medieval Murciana
683:Albornoz then moved to the
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1764:Cardinal-bishops of Sabina
617:shortly after election of
1678:Guillermo de Aigrefeuille
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1097:The Catholic Encyclopedia
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908:Deacon, Archdian of the
892:college of Saint Clement
883:in 1367, but he died at
1421:The Journal of Religion
1273:Encyclopædia Britannica
950:War of the Eight Saints
735:, and of the cities of
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707:. The Papal commander
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1586:Archbishops of Toledo
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1091:Ott, Michael (1909).
986:Iayme King of Aragon.
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561:Carrascosa del Campo
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482:Albornoz issued the
425:archbishop of Toledo
352:Chancellor of Toledo
305:40.03611°N 2.73667°W
248:Carrascosa del Campo
54:improve this article
1769:Spanish politicians
1412:Haskins, Charles H.
1359:] (in Spanish).
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1510:Library resources
1381:978-84-936060-1-5
1305:978-607-16-6095-4
1242:978-2-7298-6345-6
821:Konrad von Landau
752:Giovanni Manfredi
650:Giovanni Visconti
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1190:Bibliography
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1147:. Retrieved
1145:(in Spanish)
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1101:. Retrieved
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945:Papal States
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691:against the
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464:Papal States
441:San Clemente
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331:Coat of arms
273:Papal States
264:(1367-08-23)
208:Consecration
160:
116:
107:
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83:
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64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
1754:1367 deaths
1749:1310 births
1681: [
1569: [
1181:Testamentum
922:Testamentum
818:condottiero
721:Montefeltro
715:, defeated
641:Innocent VI
545: [
461:condottiere
375: 1367
368: 1350
321:Nationality
308: /
183:Archdiocese
1743:Categories
1672:1356-1367
1635:1350-1356
1598:1338-1350
1003:References
898:Archbishop
737:Senigallia
729:da Polenta
711:, lord of
668:, lord of
530:Alfonso XI
516:Early life
282:Chapel of
80:newspapers
1709:Biography
1487:1988-2971
1452:1550-3283
1220:1989-4597
829:Ordelaffi
701:Ordelaffi
693:Malatesta
625:Campaigns
592:Algeciras
435:with the
360:In office
296:2°44′12″W
293:40°2′10″N
167:, c. 1365
110:July 2022
1627:Cardinal
1414:(1905).
1349:(1566).
1339:24170808
1118:Eco 2018
983:English:
929:See also
877:Velletri
868:(1367).
727:and the
713:Camerino
699:and the
658:Florence
639:In 1353
573:Toulouse
569:Zaragoza
421:cardinal
193:Province
136:Cardinal
1695:Portals
1590:Primate
1541:at the
1261::
1149:30 July
1103:30 July
904:Avignon
885:Viterbo
881:Bologna
862:Urban V
854:Urban V
842:Bologna
733:Ravenna
689:Romagna
670:Viterbo
600:Avignon
588:Morocco
584:Marinid
578:At the
505:Bologna
403:Spanish
325:Spanish
269:Viterbo
94:scholar
1668:Sabina
1512:about
1485:
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924:, 1533
792:Second
756:Faenza
741:Ancona
725:Urbino
697:Rimini
685:Marche
678:Umbria
674:Latium
565:Cuenca
538:Cuenca
449:Sabina
418:curial
279:Buried
203:Orders
197:Toledo
187:Toledo
173:Church
96:
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1733:Spain
1685:]
1594:Spain
1573:]
1402:[
1370:[
1355:[
1319:[
1290:[
1231:[
1173:Works
966:Notes
850:Milan
764:Forlì
750:Only
705:Forlì
662:Siena
646:Milan
635:First
630:Italy
604:Spain
549:]
468:Italy
437:title
101:JSTOR
87:books
1483:ISSN
1448:ISSN
1376:ISBN
1335:OCLC
1325:ISBN
1300:ISBN
1237:ISBN
1216:ISSN
1151:2015
1105:2015
890:The
866:Rome
758:and
739:and
687:and
676:and
660:and
654:Pisa
511:Life
455:and
259:Died
232:Born
73:news
1666:of
1629:of
1592:of
1473:doi
1438:hdl
1430:doi
1296:FCE
1270:".
1206:doi
864:to
848:of
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762:of
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695:of
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563:, (
534:Uña
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56:by
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401:(
370:–
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