173:
145:
115:
83:
20:
292:, which is an isolated location, far from urban centres. This unusual collocation has led archaeologists to conjecture that the group was likely removed from its original position and set aside sometime in
244:
A replica intended to reproduce the bronzes' original state is displayed on the roof of the
Palazzo Ferretti (site of the National Archaeological Museum of the Marche) in celebration of local archaeology.
307:
The bronzes' original placement in an urban context is still uncertain. The most accepted hypothesis suggests that the group may have originally rested on a base in some public area (probably the
192:, alongside seahorses and dolphins, adorn each pectoral plate. The harnesses are enriched by metal phaleras on which images of various gods are placed to protect the steed and its owner, including
140:) identify him as a high-ranking military officer in time of peace, consistent with the position of the right arm, raised in the symbol of peace. Only fragments remain of the other horseman.
460:
56:, in central Italy. This was an isolated location, far from urban centres, and it is thought they were not originally sited there, but moved for some reason.
853:
276:). 318 fragments were placed together in an attempt to recreate the original statues, and the group was restored in several spurts between 1949 and 1988.
464:
448:
428:
72:
68:
388:
rank, but certain identification of the subjects has eluded archaeologists. Some have proposed that the group may depict the imperial family of the
858:
41:
equestrian group. The monumental ensemble was composed of at least two people on horseback, of which only one remains, and two standing women.
848:
868:
373:
272:
The bronzes were recovered by
Vernarecci and Nereo Alfieri, who was the Marche regional inspector of the governmental antiquity department (
98:
over the location where the bronzes would be preserved. The group was on display at the
National Archeological Museum of the Marche, in
456:
685:
384:
The group is composed of two horsemen, two women, and two horses. The characters represented likely belonged to a single family of
632:
Callieri, M.; Cignoni, P.; Scopigno, R.; Gori, G.; Risaliti, M. (2006). "Beyond manual drafting: a restoration-oriented system".
106:, built specifically for this purpose. A compromise solution now moves the original bronzes and replicas between the two sites.
90:
Because of its extraordinary archaeological importance, the group has been at the centre of a long controversy between the
710:
262:
253:
In June and July 1946, hundreds of gilt bronze fragments, weighing hundreds of kilograms, were accidentally discovered in
160:
hairstyle, typical of the second half of the first century, suggests dating the group accordingly. The woman wears a
265:), central Italy. Canon Giovanni Vernarecci, who was at the time the archaeological inspector for the district of
172:
144:
114:
82:
19:
863:
369:
357:
168:. The other female figure is substantially less preserved, as only the lower portions of her body have survived.
713:[9 January 1846 – Excavations are underway in Rimini to reveal the mysteries of the Arch of Augustus].
254:
475:
389:
494:
468:
184:
The horses are presented with a raised front leg, which suggests a walking motion. The figures of a
409:
335:, because other large fragments of a similar gilt bronze horse were found there (on display at the
213:
193:
775:
547:
393:
336:
185:
757:"The Cartoceto Bronzes: Portraits of a Roman Aristocratic Family of the Late First Century B.C."
415:
More likely, however, the statues date between 50 and 30 BC and depict members of a prestigious
681:
301:
197:
767:
736:
Flory, M. B. (1993). "Livia and the
History of Public Honorific Statues for Women in Rome".
641:
539:
444:
432:
297:
226:
205:
201:
479:
440:
258:
165:
53:
126:
The best-preserved horseman is a mature man (about 40 years of age), whose clothes (the
452:
392:, which would date the statues to 20–30 AD. In this case, the horsemen would likely be
293:
95:
842:
420:
397:
361:
308:
161:
530:
Kleiner, F. S.; Stucchi, Sandro (1990). "Il gruppo bronzeo tiberiano da
Cartoceto".
485:
A further hypothesis proposes that the group may have originally been placed in the
347:
344:
44:
The statues were found in 1946 in many pieces, not far from the intersection of the
490:
424:
385:
326:
285:
269:, detailed the circumstances of his fortuitous discovery in a typewritten account.
230:
128:
76:
45:
32:
659:
Del
Francia, P. R. (1988). "Bronze Restoration Techniques: Riace and Cartoceto".
645:
513:
Stucchi, S. (1960). Gruppo bronzeo di cartoceto gli elementi al museo di Ancona.
472:
316:
289:
266:
157:
49:
756:
711:"9 gennaio 1846 - A Rimini si scava per svelare i misteri dell'Arco d'Augusto"
401:
60:
352:
Riminese historian Danilo Re has suggested that the bronzes may have topped
340:
238:
592:
Utilizzo delle tecniche diagnostiche per lo studio di reperti archeologici.
436:
365:
329:), where the existence a foundry for large statues has been attested, or
321:
79:), although other figures of local importance have also been suggested.
766:, vol. 97, Archaeological Institute of America, pp. 423–446,
416:
209:
137:
779:
577:
Rolley, C. (1998). Les bronzes grecs et romains: recherches récentes.
551:
311:
of a Roman city near the discovery site). Notable candidates are the
300:
times — some suggesting that this may have been the result of a
353:
189:
99:
63:
and date to the early 1st century AD, but more likely date from 50–30
38:
603:
Greco, G. (1987). Bronzi dorati da
Cartoceto: un restauro (Cantini).
771:
543:
566:
Hellenistic and Roman Ideal
Sculpture: The Allure of the Classical
405:
331:
284:
The fragments were uncovered not far from the intersection of the
171:
143:
133:
113:
81:
792:
Del
Francia, P. R. (1979). The equestrian group from Cartoceto.
613:
Bearzi, B. (1960). "Relazione tecnica sui restauri dei bronzi".
419:'s family from the territory in which they were discovered, the
234:
35:
822:
225:
The statues, which are largely hollow, were made by using the
156:
The surviving standing figure depicts an elderly woman, whose
830:
463:. Other less likely candidates include Gnaeus's son
831:
427:has argued convincingly for an identification with
92:
Soprintendenza per i Beni Archeologici delle Marche
823:Museo dei Bronzi dorati e della cittĂ di Pergola
237:. After assembly, the statues were gilded with
698:Domus di Forum Sempronii: decorazione e arredo
104:Museo dei Bronzi dorati della cittĂ di Pergola
360:, if the bronzes are determined to represent
8:
478:who was born in nearby Cupra Maritima (now
23:The Gilt Bronzes from Cartoceto di Pergola.
493:, and that the subjects are the family of
274:Soprintendenza alle AntichitĂ delle Marche
431:, an important Roman admiral during the
59:The statues may represent the family of
18:
506:
229:method and are composed primarily of a
102:, until 1972, when it was moved to the
29:Gilt Bronzes from Cartoceto di Pergola
7:
497:, who would be one of the horsemen.
854:Archaeological discoveries in Italy
14:
52:in the parish of Cartoceto, near
859:1946 archaeological discoveries
764:American Journal of Archaeology
532:American Journal of Archaeology
280:Original placement of the group
408:(Germanicus' grandmother) and
1:
849:Hellenistic and Roman bronzes
568:(Cambridge University Press).
263:Province of Pesaro and Urbino
233:(bronze) skin with traces of
869:Ancient Roman Republican art
717:(in Italian). 9 January 2024
646:10.1016/j.culher.2006.06.002
634:Journal of Cultural Heritage
755:Pollini, John (July 1993),
429:Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus
404:, while the women would be
69:Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus
885:
809:(L'Erma di Bretschneider).
700:(L'Erma di Bretschneider).
249:Discovery and restoration
826:(in English and Italian)
805:di Caprio, N.C. (2007).
678:Archeologia nelle Marche
447:, along with his father
255:Santa Lucia di Calamello
221:Techniques and materials
94:and the municipality of
807:Ceramica in archeologia
794:The Horses of San Marco
476:Lucius Minucius Basilus
467:, the Sentinum senator
31:are the only surviving
390:Julio-Claudian dynasty
319:), which was closest,
177:
149:
119:
87:
86:From a different angle
24:
495:Marcus Tullius Cicero
374:Augustus' grandmother
175:
147:
117:
85:
22:
680:, Mario Luni, 2003,
564:Kousser, R. (2008).
412:(Germanicus' wife).
259:Cartoceto di Pergola
579:Revue archéologique
290:Via Salaria Gallica
148:The complete female
50:Via Salaria Gallica
337:Walters Art Museum
178:
150:
120:
88:
25:
696:Luni, M. (2007).
615:Bollettino d'arte
515:Bollettino d'Arte
302:damnatio memoriae
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864:Statues in Italy
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451:and their wives
445:Battle of Actium
443:just before the
435:who defected to
433:Roman Civil Wars
370:Augustus' mother
358:Arch of Augustus
227:lost-wax casting
118:The mounted male
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71:and his father
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54:Pergola, Marche
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715:Chiamami CittĂ
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544:10.2307/505828
538:(3): 514–515.
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469:Marcus Satrius
459:, daughter of
453:Aemilia Lepida
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380:Identification
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294:late antiquity
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491:Samos Island
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286:Via Flaminia
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231:copper alloy
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46:Via Flaminia
43:
28:
26:
520:(J5), 7-44.
317:Fossombrone
267:Fossombrone
158:hellenistic
110:Description
843:Categories
744:: 287–308.
721:16 January
581:, 291-310.
501:References
471:, and the
402:Germanicus
400:, sons of
386:senatorial
61:Germanicus
410:Agrippina
341:Baltimore
298:Byzantine
239:gold leaf
16:Sculpture
621:: 42–44.
473:assassin
437:Octavian
366:Augustus
322:Sentinum
288:and the
123:Horsemen
48:and the
487:Heraion
425:Pollini
214:Mercury
210:Minerva
194:Jupiter
138:calceus
96:Pergola
77:consuls
780:506364
778:
684:
552:505828
550:
465:Lucius
457:Porcia
449:Lucius
441:Antony
417:legate
372:, and
354:Rimini
296:or in
212:, and
190:nereid
188:and a
186:triton
181:Horses
176:Detail
136:, and
100:Ancona
75:(both
73:Lucius
65:
39:bronze
776:JSTOR
760:(PDF)
548:JSTOR
439:from
406:Livia
332:Suasa
309:forum
257:, in
198:Venus
162:stole
153:Women
134:tunic
33:Roman
738:TAPA
723:2024
682:ISBN
619:1960
461:Cato
455:and
396:and
394:Nero
346:and
235:lead
206:Juno
202:Mars
164:and
36:gilt
27:The
768:doi
742:123
642:doi
540:doi
489:of
482:).
356:'s
349:).
339:in
845::
774:,
762:,
740:.
665:39
663:.
636:.
617:.
546:.
536:94
534:.
423:.
376:.
368:,
364:,
304:.
241:.
208:,
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132:,
783:.
770::
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644::
638:7
554:.
542::
518:4
325:(
315:(
261:(
216:.
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