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711:") or composed new songs based on Slade templates. While highly successful in the single charts in the UK (Slade for example had six number one singles), very few of these musicians were able to make a serious impact in the US; David Bowie was the major exception, becoming an international superstar and prompting the adoption of glam styles among acts like
627:
persona, incorporating elements of professional makeup, mime and performance into his act. Bowie, in a 1972 interview in which he noted that other artists described as glam rock were doing different work, said "I think glam rock is a lovely way to categorize me and it's even nicer to be one of the
490:", with music writer Daryl Easlea stating, "Noël Coward's influence on people like Bowie, Roxy Music and Cockney Rebel was absolutely immense. It suggested style, artifice and surface were equally as important as depth and substance.
395:, superficiality, and the simple structures of earlier pop music. In response to these characteristics, scholars such as I.Taylor and D. Wall characterised glam rock as "offensive, commercial, and cultural emasculation".
786:, in part a reaction to the artifice of glam rock, but using some elements of the genre, including makeup and involving cover versions of glam rock records, helped end the fashion for glam from about 1976.
820:
writing "Americans only got glam second hand via the posh Bowie version", covers of
British glam rock classics are now piped-muzak staples at US sporting events. Glam rock was a background influence for
361:
movement, which began as an underground fashion subculture movement in nightclubs in the late 1970s before becoming mainstream in the early 80s, was also inspired by the visuals of the glam rock era.
672:" by Mud, all of which have remained hugely popular. Glam was not only a highly successful trend in UK popular music, it became dominant in other aspects of British popular culture during the 1970s.
831:. Although glam rock went into a steep decline in popularity in the UK in the second half of the 1970s, it had a direct influence on acts that rose to prominence later, including
1572:
475:; manifesting itself in outrageous clothes, makeup, hairstyles, and platform-soled boots. Glam rock is most noted for its sexual and gender ambiguity and representations of
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A heavier variant of glam rock, emphasising guitar riff centric songs, driving rhythms and live performance with audience participation, were represented by bands like
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of T. Rex, in 1977. As an elastic concept rather than a fixed stratosphere of '70s personalities, it is even equipped to survive the loss of its most enduring artist,
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adopted some of the performance and persona-creating tendencies of glam, as well as the genre's emphasis on pop-art qualities and simple but powerful instrumentation.
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653:
738:. The Glitter Band and Gary Glitter had between them eighteen top ten singles in the UK between 1972 and 1975. A second wave of glam rock acts, including
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was strongly influenced by glam rock aesthetics. Glam rock has since enjoyed continued influence and sporadic modest revivals in R&B crossover act
494:
magazine noted Coward's 'sense of personal style, a combination of cheek and chic, pose and poise'. It reads like a glam manifesto." Showmanship and
1489:
952:
Its self-conscious embrace of fame and ego continues to reverberate through pop music decades after the death of its prototypical superstar,
754:, had hits on the British single charts in 1973 and 1974. Quatro and T.Rex directly inspired the pioneering Los Angeles based all-girl group
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scenes of the late 1960s and can be seen as both an extension of, and a reaction against, those trends. Its origins are associated with
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of the late 1960s. Ultimately, it became very diverse, varying between the simple rock and roll revivalism of figures like
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in March 1971 wearing glitter and satins, to perform what would be his second UK Top 10 hit (and first UK Number 1 hit), "
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265:"—wearing glitter and satins, is often cited as the beginning of the movement. Other British glam rock artists included
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559:, "the man who started it all". Often cited as the moment of inception is Bolan's appearance on the BBC music show
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1573:"Box-set billed as the definitive guide to Seventies music genre has further ostracised its disgraced former star"
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received critical acclaim as a pioneering glam rock album. In 1973, a few months after the release of the album
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that developed in the United
Kingdom in the early 1970s and was primarily defined by the flamboyant clothing,
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579:"permitted a generation of teeny-boppers to begin playing with the idea of androgyny". T. Rex's 1971 album
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P. Auslander, "Watch that man David Bowie: Hammersmith Odeon, London, July 3, 1973" in Ian Inglis, ed.,
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In the UK, the term glitter rock was most often used to refer to the extreme version of glam pursued by
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1949:
P. Auslander, "Watch that man David Bowie: Hammersmith Odeon, London, July 3, 1973" in I. Inglis, ed.,
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758:. Existing acts, some not usually considered central to the genre, also adopted glam styles, including
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P. Auslander, "Watch that man David Bowie: Hammersmith Odeon, London, 3 July 1973" in I. Inglis, ed.,
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727:, often known as "glitter rock" and with a darker lyrical content than their British counterparts.
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and taken up electric instruments by the end of the 1960s. Bolan was, in the words of music critic
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The UK charts were inundated with glam rock acts from 1971 to 1975. The March 1971 appearance of
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International Who's Who in
Popular Music 2002 Europa International Who's Who in Popular Music
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615:, near the height of their fame in 1973, showing some of the more extreme glam rock fashions
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called the "overall denim dullness" of "a deadly boring, prematurely matured music scene".
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Glam rock can be seen as a fashion as well as musical subgenre. Glam artists rejected the
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221:
80:
341:. Glam rock declined after the mid-1970s, but influenced other musical genres including
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the only
American artists to score a hit in the UK. Other American glam artists include
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also adopted glam styles. In the United States, the scene was much less prevalent, with
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Shock and Awe: Glam Rock and Its Legacy, from the
Seventies to the Twenty-first Century
1916:
Shock and Awe: Glam Rock and Its Legacy, from the
Seventies to the Twenty-First Century
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extended glam, and its androgyny and sexual politics were picked up by acts including
652:. The popularity of glam rock in the UK was such that three glam rock bands had major
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While glam rock was exclusively a
British cultural phenomenon, with Steven Wells in
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2130:"The BBC have released some archive footage of The Sweet and it's pure glam magic"
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was largely informed by the makeup, clothes, theatricality and sound of glam, and
628:
leaders of it". Bolan and Bowie were soon followed in the style by acts including
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Global Glam and
Popular Music: Style and Spectacle from the 1970s to the 2000s
1973:
Global Glam and
Popular Music: Style and Spectacle from the 1970s to the 2000s
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52:
1759:"Kiss Founder Gene Simmons Says Band's 'Heart and Soul Lies in England'"
912:
Glam rock has been influential around the world. In Japan in the 1980s,
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1720:
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810:(performing in 2001) was influenced by glam rock icons Bolan and Bowie.
747:
665:
452:
423:
217:
205:
164:
124:
62:
2899:
228:. The flamboyant clothing and visual styles of performers were often
197:
1288:
All Music Guide to Rock: the
Definitive Guide to Rock, Pop, and Soul
782:
enlisted Rhodes to design costumes for the next Queen tour in 1974.
734:
and the independent band with whom he often performed known as the
2060:
Beyond Subculture: Pop, Youth and Identity in a Postcolonial World
1532:
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793:
676:
637:
612:
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517:
440:
368:
278:
1746:"PRS for Music announces top 50 Christmas Songs (United Kingdom)"
3661:
2446:
860:
587:
2455:
2273:
Performing Glam Rock: Gender and Theatricality in Popular Music
2252:
Performing Glam Rock: Gender and Theatricality in Popular Music
2158:
Performing Glam Rock: Gender and Theatricality in Popular Music
2109:
Performing Glam Rock: Gender and Theatricality in Popular Music
2018:
Performing Glam Rock: Gender and Theatricality in Popular Music
1930:
Sells Like Teen Spirit: Music, Youth Culture, and Social Crisis
1818:
Performing Glam Rock: Gender and Theatricality in Popular Music
1586:
Performing Glam Rock: Gender and Theatricality in Popular Music
1315:
Performing Glam Rock: Gender and Theatricality in Popular Music
1249:
Performing Glam Rock: Gender and Theatricality in Popular Music
1243:
1241:
2955:
447:
Visually, it was a mesh of various styles, ranging from 1930s
2451:
1806:. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 35.
1442:"Masculinity, Sexuality, and the Visual Culture of Glam Rock"
1449:
Culture and Communication - University of Central Lancashire
1081:
Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars: The Motion Picture
703:, some of which either covered Slade compositions (such as "
1695:"David Bowie is the Newest Rock Star Imported From England"
1997:
Hip-hop Japan: Rap and the Paths of Cultural Globalization
1389:"Simon Reynolds Speaks at Fordham on History of Glam Rock"
391:
rhetoric of the late 1960s rock scene, instead glorifying
1221:"Glam Rock | Significant Albums, Artists and Songs"
2231:
British Low Culture: From Safari suits to Sexploitation
1951:
Performance and Popular Music: History, Place and Time
1782:
Performance and Popular Music: History, Place and Time
1637:– T. Rex | Songs, Reviews, Credits, Awards | AllMusic"
1475:
All Music Guide: The Definitive Guide to Popular Music
1338:
Performance and Popular Music: History, Place and Time
2275:(Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press, 2006),
2254:(Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press, 2006),
2160:(Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press, 2006),
2111:(Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press, 2006),
2020:(Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press, 2006),
1820:(Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press, 2006),
1607:
Bolan – The Rise And Fall of a 20th Century Superstar
1588:(Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press, 2006),
1282:
1280:
1251:(Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press, 2006),
482:
It was prefigured by the flamboyant English composer
208:. Glam artists drew on diverse sources, ranging from
1358:
1356:
1354:
1271:
The Sex Revolts: Gender, Rebellion, and Rock n' Roll
3719:
3625:
3579:
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3133:
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3000:
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2552:
2537:
2489:
2152:
2150:
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1774:
1772:
597:magazine with the declaration "Glam rock is dead!"
297:. Though not central to the genre, artists such as
156:
133:
97:
89:
35:
30:
2295:"FILM REVIEW; Betwixt, Between on a Glam Frontier"
1525:
1332:
1330:
1328:
1326:
1324:
985:Movies that reflect glam rock aesthetics include:
451:glamour, through 1950s pin-up sex appeal, pre-war
1932:(New York, NY: New York University Press, 2009),
1840:Is This the Real Life?: The Untold Story of Queen
1290:(Milwaukee, WI: Backbeat Books, 3rd edn., 2002),
2344:"Hedwig and the Angry Inch | Movie Reviews"
236:, and have been described as playing with other
200:, and hairstyles of its musicians, particularly
2321:"Hedwig and the Angry Inch Movie Review (2001)"
1701:. Associated Press. 4 November 1972. p. 14
950:
1575:. The Independent. Retrieved 15 September 2017
1568:
1566:
2467:
1286:V. Bogdanov, C. Woodstra and S. T. Erlewine,
8:
2084:"From Bowie to Gaga: How Glam Rock Lives On"
2078:
2076:
1721:"UK's most popular Christmas song revealed"
1317:. University of Michigan Press. p. 49.
1308:
1306:
1304:
398:Artists drew on such musical influences as
2997:
2549:
2474:
2460:
2452:
1854:On Record: Rock, Pop, and the Written Word
1490:"Growing Up Gay to a Glam Rock Soundtrack"
973:From Bowie to Gaga: How Glam Rock Lives On
27:
1516:
1514:
1512:
1199:"The Sirens and '70s Female Glam Rockers"
506:, the latter of which combined glam with
244:was a more extreme version of glam rock.
2041:(London: Rough Guides, 3rd edn., 2003),
2397:Chapman, Ian and Johnson, Henry. (eds)
2180:(Abingdon: Routledge, 4th edn., 2002),
1366:(Abingdon: Routledge, 2nd edn., 2005),
1139:
944:, and has inspired pop artists such as
1273:. London: Serpents Tail. p. xiii.
619:From late 1971, already a minor star,
1971:Chapman, Ian; Johnson, Henry (2016).
1748:. 14 December 2012 PRS press release.
1477:. Hal Leonard Corporation. p. 3.
1382:
1380:
662:I Wish It Could Be Christmas Everyday
479:, beside extensive use of theatrics.
7:
3699:Rock music and the fall of communism
1876:"Boy George: How To Make A Pop Idol"
1462:from the original on 9 October 2022.
825:, writer of the 1973 London musical
591:, Bolan captured the front cover of
1901:"Why Americans don't get glam rock"
1560:, AllMusic. Retrieved 26 June 2009.
551:, who had renamed his acoustic duo
539:Glam rock emerged from the English
2370:"Jobriath A.D.: His Time Has Come"
1527:"The Glitter Era: Teenage Rampage"
774:. After seeing Marc Bolan wearing
575:states that Bolan's appearance on
14:
2199:"On The Film Programme this week"
1899:Wells, Steven (14 October 2008).
1874:Murray, Robin (30 October 2013),
1473:Erlewine, Stephen Thomas (2001).
3806:
3795:
3794:
2447:A Biased History of UK Glam Rock
2293:Holden, Stephen (20 July 2001).
1804:Ladyland: Women and Rock Culture
3617:Progressive rock (radio format)
2368:Turner, Kieran (19 July 2012).
2342:Travers, Peter (20 July 2001).
1999:(Duke University Press, 2006),
1488:Farber, Jim (3 November 2016).
1364:Popular Music: the Key Concepts
683:, with later followers such as
2319:Emerson, Jim (3 August 2001).
410:, stomping rhythms, and 1950s
1:
2233:(Abdindon: Routledge, 1998),
2062:(Abingdon: Routledge, 2006),
1037:The Rocky Horror Picture Show
414:, filtering them through the
2401:. New York: Routledge, 2016
1953:(Aldershot: Ashgate, 2006),
1784:(Aldershot: Ashgate, 2006),
1663:Bolan, Marc (16 June 1973).
1340:(Aldershot: Ashgate, 2006),
496:gender identity manipulation
486:, especially his 1931 song "
3647:List of years in rock music
2413:Glam! An Eyewitness Account
1197:Bess Korey (16 July 2010).
93:Early 1970s, United Kingdom
3871:
3752:Rock and Roll Hall of Fame
1440:Gregory, Georgina (2002).
1313:Auslander, Philip (2006).
20:
3790:
3674:Electronics in rock music
3340:Hard rock and heavy metal
2834:Pub rock (United Kingdom)
1852:S. Frith and A. Goodwin,
1259:, pp. 57, 63, 87 and 141.
1128:List of glam rock artists
1105:Hedwig and the Angry Inch
887:Frankie Goes to Hollywood
161:
138:
3652:Origins of rock and roll
1914:Reynolds, Simon (2016).
1856:(Pantheon Books, 1990),
1269:Reynolds, Simon (1995).
965:Judy Berman writing for
709:Mama Weer All Crazee Now
654:UK Christmas hit singles
467:, to ancient and occult
255:on the BBC's music show
21:Not to be confused with
3840:English styles of music
3592:Adult album alternative
2429:Day Street Press, 2016
2039:The Rough Guide to Rock
1975:. New York: Routledge.
1148:"Glam Rock Style Guide"
1057:Never Too Young to Rock
1017:Phantom of the Paradise
904:Wax figure of Bowie at
869:acts in the UK such as
488:Mad Dogs and Englishmen
3850:1970s in British music
3684:Rock Against Communism
3083:Brazilian thrash metal
1152:attitudeclothing.co.uk
978:
909:
811:
616:
536:
384:
3706:Rockism and poptimism
3166:British rock and roll
1802:Rhodes, Lisa (2005).
1763:Ultimate Classic Rock
1209:on 21 September 2010.
1100:John Cameron Mitchell
903:
828:The Rocky Horror Show
797:
705:Cum On Feel the Noize
670:Lonely This Christmas
603:
521:
416:recording innovations
372:
3541:Sahara desert region
2829:Pub rock (Australia)
2415:Omnibus Press, 2005
1918:. Faber & Faber.
1838:Blake, Mark (2010).
1665:"Glam Rock is Dead!"
1029:Remember Me This Way
790:Influence and legacy
658:Merry Xmas Everybody
529:performing on ABC's
3732:List of rock genres
3694:Rock Against Sexism
3689:Rock Against Racism
3597:Album-oriented rock
1004:'s BBC documentary
875:A Flock of Seagulls
778:-designed outfits,
382:Ziggy Stardust Tour
380:during the 1972–73
16:Genre of rock music
2299:The New York Times
2204:The Film Programme
1495:The New York Times
910:
812:
772:the Rolling Stones
617:
537:
385:
175:scene (subculture)
3855:Rock music genres
3822:
3821:
3747:Progressive music
3575:
3574:
3013:Palm Desert Scene
2989:
2988:
2663:Experimental rock
2560:Instrumental rock
1765:. 8 January 2021.
1675:on 2 January 2014
1387:Reynolds, Simon.
1178:on 28 August 2009
1006:All That Glitters
871:Adam and the Ants
770:and, for a time,
376:as his alter-ego
187:
186:
36:Stylistic origins
3862:
3810:
3798:
3797:
3667:Rhythm and blues
3642:British Invasion
2998:
2875:Alternative rock
2814:Post-progressive
2723:Psychedelic rock
2718:Progressive rock
2550:
2546:
2540:decade of origin
2476:
2469:
2462:
2453:
2425:Reynolds, Simon
2385:
2384:
2382:
2380:
2365:
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2014:
2008:
1993:
1987:
1986:
1968:
1962:
1947:
1941:
1926:
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1911:
1905:
1904:
1896:
1890:
1889:
1888:
1886:
1871:
1865:
1850:
1844:
1843:
1835:
1829:
1814:
1808:
1807:
1799:
1793:
1778:
1767:
1766:
1755:
1749:
1742:
1736:
1735:
1733:
1731:
1717:
1711:
1710:
1708:
1706:
1699:Nashua Telegraph
1691:
1685:
1684:
1682:
1680:
1671:. Archived from
1660:
1654:
1653:
1651:
1649:
1635:Electric Warrior
1628:
1622:
1603:
1597:
1582:
1576:
1570:
1561:
1555:
1549:
1548:
1545:Rock's Backpages
1542:
1540:
1529:
1518:
1507:
1506:
1504:
1502:
1485:
1479:
1478:
1470:
1464:
1463:
1461:
1446:
1437:
1431:
1430:
1428:
1426:
1410:
1404:
1403:
1401:
1399:
1384:
1375:
1360:
1349:
1334:
1319:
1318:
1310:
1299:
1284:
1275:
1274:
1266:
1260:
1245:
1236:
1235:
1233:
1231:
1217:
1211:
1210:
1205:. Archived from
1203:girlsinthegarage
1194:
1188:
1187:
1185:
1183:
1174:. Archived from
1162:
1156:
1155:
1144:
1111:Kieran Turner's
976:
934:Chainsaw Kittens
920:, bands such as
798:A figure in the
582:Electric Warrior
432:progressive rock
98:Derivative forms
90:Cultural origins
76:psychedelic rock
28:
3870:
3869:
3865:
3864:
3863:
3861:
3860:
3859:
3825:
3824:
3823:
3818:
3786:
3715:
3635:
3621:
3607:Mainstream rock
3571:
3550:
3524:
3373:
3129:
3061:
2994:Regional scenes
2985:
2939:
2863:
2804:Industrial rock
2762:
2658:Electronic rock
2596:
2544:
2543:(sub-subgenres
2542:
2541:
2539:
2533:
2512:Electric guitar
2485:
2480:
2443:
2394:
2392:Further reading
2389:
2388:
2378:
2376:
2374:Huffington Post
2367:
2366:
2362:
2352:
2350:
2341:
2340:
2336:
2326:
2324:
2318:
2317:
2313:
2303:
2301:
2292:
2291:
2287:
2270:
2266:
2249:
2245:
2228:
2224:
2214:
2212:
2197:
2196:
2192:
2176:
2172:
2155:
2148:
2138:
2136:
2128:
2127:
2123:
2106:
2102:
2092:
2090:
2082:
2081:
2074:
2057:
2053:
2036:
2032:
2015:
2011:
1994:
1990:
1983:
1970:
1969:
1965:
1948:
1944:
1927:
1923:
1913:
1912:
1908:
1903:. The Guardian.
1898:
1897:
1893:
1884:
1882:
1873:
1872:
1868:
1851:
1847:
1837:
1836:
1832:
1815:
1811:
1801:
1800:
1796:
1779:
1770:
1757:
1756:
1752:
1743:
1739:
1729:
1727:
1719:
1718:
1714:
1704:
1702:
1693:
1692:
1688:
1678:
1676:
1662:
1661:
1657:
1647:
1645:
1630:
1629:
1625:
1605:Mark Paytress,
1604:
1600:
1583:
1579:
1571:
1564:
1556:
1552:
1538:
1536:
1520:
1519:
1510:
1500:
1498:
1487:
1486:
1482:
1472:
1471:
1467:
1459:
1444:
1439:
1438:
1434:
1424:
1422:
1412:
1411:
1407:
1397:
1395:
1393:Fordham English
1386:
1385:
1378:
1361:
1352:
1335:
1322:
1312:
1311:
1302:
1285:
1278:
1268:
1267:
1263:
1246:
1239:
1229:
1227:
1219:
1218:
1214:
1196:
1195:
1191:
1181:
1179:
1164:
1163:
1159:
1146:
1145:
1141:
1136:
1124:
1093:Velvet Goldmine
1064:Bruce Beresford
992:'s documentary
983:
977:
964:
906:Madame Tussauds
823:Richard O'Brien
792:
780:Freddie Mercury
681:Mott the Hoople
642:Mott the Hoople
577:Top of the Pops
572:The Independent
562:Top of the Pops
516:
465:science fiction
422:to the complex
367:
365:Characteristics
307:Freddie Mercury
271:Mott the Hoople
258:Top of the Pops
222:science fiction
152:
129:
85:
81:science-fiction
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3868:
3866:
3858:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3827:
3826:
3820:
3819:
3817:
3816:
3804:
3791:
3788:
3787:
3785:
3784:
3779:
3777:Wagnerian rock
3774:
3769:
3764:
3759:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3742:Outlaw country
3739:
3734:
3729:
3723:
3721:
3717:
3716:
3714:
3713:
3708:
3703:
3702:
3701:
3696:
3691:
3686:
3679:Social effects
3676:
3671:
3670:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3649:
3644:
3638:
3636:
3634:
3633:
3630:
3626:
3623:
3622:
3620:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3583:
3581:
3577:
3576:
3573:
3572:
3570:
3569:
3564:
3558:
3556:
3552:
3551:
3549:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3532:
3530:
3526:
3525:
3523:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3501:
3500:
3490:
3485:
3484:
3483:
3473:
3468:
3467:
3466:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3440:
3439:
3434:
3424:
3423:
3422:
3412:
3407:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3381:
3379:
3375:
3374:
3372:
3371:
3370:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3352:Neo-rockabilly
3349:
3348:
3347:
3337:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3213:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3181:
3180:
3179:
3178:
3168:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3137:
3135:
3131:
3130:
3128:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3096:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3075:
3069:
3067:
3063:
3062:
3060:
3059:
3054:
3053:
3052:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3016:
3015:
3004:
3002:
2995:
2991:
2990:
2987:
2986:
2984:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2947:
2945:
2941:
2940:
2938:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2871:
2869:
2865:
2864:
2862:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2799:Heartland rock
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2770:
2768:
2764:
2763:
2761:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2643:Christian rock
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2608:Anatolian rock
2604:
2602:
2598:
2597:
2595:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2583:
2582:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2556:
2554:
2547:
2535:
2534:
2532:
2531:
2530:
2529:
2524:
2522:Rhythm section
2519:
2514:
2504:
2499:
2493:
2491:
2487:
2486:
2481:
2479:
2478:
2471:
2464:
2456:
2450:
2449:
2442:
2441:External links
2439:
2438:
2437:
2435:978-0062279804
2423:
2409:
2393:
2390:
2387:
2386:
2360:
2334:
2311:
2285:
2271:P. Auslander,
2264:
2250:P. Auslander,
2243:
2222:
2211:. 6 April 2007
2190:
2170:
2156:P. Auslander,
2146:
2121:
2107:P. Auslander,
2100:
2072:
2051:
2030:
2016:P. Auslander,
2009:
1988:
1981:
1963:
1942:
1921:
1906:
1891:
1866:
1845:
1830:
1816:P. Auslander,
1809:
1794:
1768:
1750:
1737:
1712:
1686:
1655:
1623:
1621:, pp. 180–181.
1598:
1584:P. Auslander,
1577:
1562:
1550:
1524:(March 1978).
1508:
1480:
1465:
1432:
1405:
1376:
1350:
1320:
1300:
1276:
1261:
1247:P. Auslander,
1237:
1212:
1189:
1157:
1154:. 9 June 2020.
1138:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1131:
1130:
1123:
1120:
1119:
1118:
1109:
1097:
1085:
1073:
1061:
1053:
1049:Slade in Flame
1041:
1033:
1021:
1012:Brian De Palma
1009:
999:
995:Born to Boogie
982:
979:
962:
922:Marilyn Manson
849:Twisted Sister
791:
788:
721:New York Dolls
650:Alvin Stardust
625:Ziggy Stardust
623:developed his
515:
512:
498:acts included
436:concept albums
420:Alvin Stardust
378:Ziggy Stardust
366:
363:
323:New York Dolls
291:Alvin Stardust
224:, and complex
202:platform shoes
192:is a style of
185:
184:
183:
182:
177:
172:
167:
159:
158:
154:
153:
151:
150:
145:
139:
136:
135:
131:
130:
128:
127:
122:
117:
112:
107:
101:
99:
95:
94:
91:
87:
86:
84:
83:
78:
73:
65:
60:
55:
50:
45:
39:
37:
33:
32:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3867:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3832:
3830:
3815:
3814:
3809:
3805:
3803:
3802:
3793:
3792:
3789:
3783:
3782:Wall of Sound
3780:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3762:Rock festival
3760:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3724:
3722:
3718:
3712:
3711:Women in rock
3709:
3707:
3704:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3681:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3657:Country music
3655:
3654:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3639:
3637:
3631:
3628:
3627:
3624:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3584:
3582:
3580:Radio formats
3578:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3559:
3557:
3553:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3533:
3531:
3527:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3499:
3496:
3495:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3482:
3479:
3478:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3465:
3462:
3461:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3429:
3428:
3425:
3421:
3418:
3417:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3405:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3382:
3380:
3376:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3346:
3345:Extreme metal
3343:
3342:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3332:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3197:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3177:
3174:
3173:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3163:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3138:
3136:
3132:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3080:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3070:
3068:
3066:South America
3064:
3058:
3055:
3051:
3048:
3047:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3014:
3011:
3010:
3009:
3006:
3005:
3003:
3001:North America
2999:
2996:
2992:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2948:
2946:
2942:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2872:
2870:
2866:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2771:
2769:
2765:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2748:Southern rock
2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2668:Flamenco rock
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2605:
2603:
2599:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2581:
2578:
2577:
2576:
2575:Rock and roll
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2557:
2555:
2551:
2548:
2545:not included)
2536:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2517:Electric bass
2515:
2513:
2510:
2509:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2494:
2492:
2488:
2484:
2477:
2472:
2470:
2465:
2463:
2458:
2457:
2454:
2448:
2445:
2444:
2440:
2436:
2432:
2428:
2424:
2422:
2421:1-84609-149-7
2418:
2414:
2410:
2408:
2407:9781138821767
2404:
2400:
2396:
2395:
2391:
2375:
2371:
2364:
2361:
2349:
2348:Rolling Stone
2345:
2338:
2335:
2323:. Roger Ebert
2322:
2315:
2312:
2300:
2296:
2289:
2286:
2282:
2281:0-7546-4057-4
2278:
2274:
2268:
2265:
2261:
2260:0-7546-4057-4
2257:
2253:
2247:
2244:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2226:
2223:
2210:
2206:
2205:
2200:
2194:
2191:
2187:
2186:1-85743-161-8
2183:
2179:
2174:
2171:
2167:
2166:0-7546-4057-4
2163:
2159:
2153:
2151:
2147:
2135:
2131:
2125:
2122:
2118:
2117:0-7546-4057-4
2114:
2110:
2104:
2101:
2089:
2085:
2079:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2068:0-415-27815-5
2065:
2061:
2055:
2052:
2048:
2047:1-84353-105-4
2044:
2040:
2034:
2031:
2027:
2026:0-7546-4057-4
2023:
2019:
2013:
2010:
2006:
2005:0-8223-3892-0
2002:
1998:
1992:
1989:
1984:
1982:9781138821767
1978:
1974:
1967:
1964:
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1938:0-8147-5748-0
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1636:
1631:Huey, Steve.
1627:
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1620:
1619:0-7119-9293-2
1616:
1612:
1611:Omnibus Press
1608:
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1594:0-472-06868-7
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1372:0-415-34770-X
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1346:0-472-06868-7
1343:
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1297:
1296:0-87930-653-X
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1257:0-472-06868-7
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1116:
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1114:Jobriath A.D.
1110:
1107:
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868:
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862:
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838:
835:and American
834:
830:
829:
824:
819:
818:
809:
805:
801:
796:
789:
787:
785:
781:
777:
776:Zandra Rhodes
773:
769:
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749:
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741:
737:
733:
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726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
706:
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698:
694:
690:
686:
682:
678:
673:
671:
667:
663:
660:" by Slade, "
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
635:
631:
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622:
614:
610:
606:
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558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
534:
533:
528:
524:
520:
513:
511:
509:
505:
501:
500:the Cockettes
497:
493:
489:
485:
480:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
459:literary and
458:
454:
450:
445:
443:
442:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
413:
412:rock and roll
409:
405:
401:
400:bubblegum pop
396:
394:
390:
389:revolutionary
383:
379:
375:
371:
364:
362:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
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316:
312:
308:
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296:
292:
288:
284:
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276:
272:
268:
264:
261:—performing "
260:
259:
254:
250:
245:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
214:rock and roll
211:
210:bubblegum pop
207:
203:
199:
195:
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181:
178:
176:
173:
171:
168:
166:
163:
162:
160:
155:
149:
146:
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141:
140:
137:
134:Fusion genres
132:
126:
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108:
106:
103:
102:
100:
96:
92:
88:
82:
79:
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74:
72:
69:
66:
64:
61:
59:
56:
54:
51:
49:
48:bubblegum pop
46:
44:
43:Rock and roll
41:
40:
38:
34:
29:
24:
19:
3811:
3799:
3767:Rock musical
3757:Rock concert
3602:Classic rock
3331:Yugoslavian
3176:Post-Britpop
3057:Puerto Rican
3050:Chicano rock
2930:Slacker rock
2793:
2653:Country rock
2618:Baroque rock
2426:
2412:
2411:Rock, Mick,
2398:
2379:20 September
2377:. Retrieved
2373:
2363:
2351:. Retrieved
2347:
2337:
2325:. Retrieved
2314:
2302:. Retrieved
2298:
2288:
2272:
2267:
2251:
2246:
2230:
2225:
2213:. Retrieved
2202:
2193:
2177:
2173:
2157:
2137:. Retrieved
2134:Louder Sound
2133:
2124:
2108:
2103:
2091:. Retrieved
2087:
2059:
2054:
2038:
2037:P. Buckley,
2033:
2017:
2012:
1996:
1991:
1972:
1966:
1950:
1945:
1929:
1924:
1915:
1909:
1894:
1883:, retrieved
1879:
1869:
1853:
1848:
1839:
1833:
1828:, pp. 222-3.
1817:
1812:
1803:
1797:
1781:
1762:
1753:
1740:
1728:. Retrieved
1724:
1715:
1703:. Retrieved
1698:
1689:
1677:. Retrieved
1673:the original
1669:Melody Maker
1668:
1658:
1646:. Retrieved
1640:
1634:
1626:
1606:
1601:
1585:
1580:
1553:
1543:– via
1537:. Retrieved
1531:
1499:. Retrieved
1493:
1483:
1474:
1468:
1452:
1448:
1435:
1423:. Retrieved
1417:
1408:
1396:. Retrieved
1392:
1374:, pp. 124-5.
1363:
1337:
1314:
1287:
1270:
1264:
1248:
1228:. Retrieved
1224:
1215:
1207:the original
1202:
1192:
1180:. Retrieved
1176:the original
1169:
1160:
1151:
1142:
1112:
1103:
1091:
1079:
1069:Side by Side
1067:
1055:
1047:
1035:
1027:
1024:Gary Glitter
1015:
1005:
993:
984:
972:
966:
951:
942:the Darkness
911:
883:Bronski Beat
879:Culture Club
867:New Romantic
865:
826:
817:The Guardian
815:
813:
808:Culture Club
800:new romantic
756:The Runaways
736:Glitter Band
732:Gary Glitter
729:
674:
618:
607:(right) and
605:Noddy Holder
594:Melody Maker
592:
586:
580:
576:
570:
560:
538:
530:
504:Alice Cooper
491:
481:
446:
439:
404:guitar riffs
402:, the brash
397:
386:
359:New Romantic
315:Alice Cooper
295:Gary Glitter
256:
246:
242:Glitter rock
241:
238:gender roles
189:
188:
157:Other topics
18:
3612:Modern rock
3587:Active rock
3567:New Zealand
3395:Bangladeshi
3390:Azerbaijani
3025:Costa Rican
2981:Viking rock
2971:Stoner rock
2890:Gothic rock
2713:Occult rock
2688:Heavy metal
2678:Garage rock
2648:Comedy rock
2638:Chamber pop
2633:Boogie rock
2353:11 November
2327:11 November
2304:11 November
2215:12 February
2209:BBC Radio 4
1995:I. Condry,
1730:12 December
1705:11 November
1648:29 December
1558:"Glam rock"
1522:Barnes, Ken
1501:11 November
1425:12 November
1414:"Glam Rock"
1398:12 November
1362:R. Shuker,
1230:11 November
1182:21 December
1166:"Glam Rock"
1088:Todd Haynes
1076:David Bowie
958:David Bowie
891:Gothic rock
857:Mötley Crüe
760:Rod Stewart
740:Suzi Quatro
689:Cheap Trick
685:Def Leppard
621:David Bowie
541:psychedelic
484:Noël Coward
455:theatrics,
374:David Bowie
355:gothic rock
331:Suzi Quatro
303:Rod Stewart
267:David Bowie
234:androgynous
110:gothic rock
3829:Categories
3772:Rock opera
3727:Beatlesque
3562:Australian
3481:Rock kapak
3464:Visual kei
3444:Indonesian
3287:Portuguese
3272:Macedonian
3267:Lithuanian
3146:Belarusian
3125:Venezuelan
3110:Ecuadorian
3093:Tropicália
3088:Samba rock
2920:Rock kapak
2910:Jangle pop
2905:Indie rock
2859:Yacht rock
2854:Visual kei
2844:Shock rock
2784:Dance-rock
2774:Arena rock
2758:Swamp rock
2753:Space rock
2738:Samba rock
2733:Roots rock
2708:Noise rock
2628:Blues rock
2623:Beat music
2592:Surf music
2587:Rockabilly
2565:Latin rock
2502:Distortion
2490:Components
2483:Rock music
2239:0415151821
1928:R. Moore,
1885:6 November
1539:26 January
1419:Britannica
1134:References
954:Marc Bolan
914:visual kei
841:Quiet Riot
839:acts like
837:glam metal
804:Boy George
802:movement,
764:Elton John
701:Quiet Riot
630:Roxy Music
611:(left) of
557:Ken Barnes
549:Marc Bolan
532:In Concert
523:Marc Bolan
508:shock rock
428:Roxy Music
351:death rock
347:glam metal
299:Elton John
287:Roxy Music
253:Marc Bolan
212:and 1950s
194:rock music
180:visual kei
170:arena rock
143:Glam metal
23:Glam metal
3845:Androgyny
3835:Glam rock
3510:Taiwanese
3493:Pakistani
3476:Malaysian
3404:1959–1975
3400:Cambodian
3362:Post-punk
3327:Ukrainian
3307:Slovenian
3277:Norwegian
3247:Icelandic
3242:Hungarian
3205:Nederbeat
3120:Uruguayan
3105:Colombian
3078:Brazilian
3073:Argentine
3035:Dominican
2976:Sufi rock
2966:Post-rock
2961:Math rock
2935:Trop rock
2885:Dream pop
2880:Deathrock
2849:Soft rock
2839:Punk rock
2824:Power pop
2819:Post-punk
2794:Glam rock
2789:Funk rock
2779:Cock rock
2743:Soft rock
2728:Raga rock
2703:Krautrock
2698:Jazz rock
2683:Hard rock
2673:Folk rock
2538:Genres by
2507:Rock band
2283:, p. 228.
2241:, p. 163.
2229:L. Hunt,
2188:, p. 194.
2093:2 January
2088:Pitchfork
2070:, p. 161.
2049:, p. 796.
2028:, p. 227.
1940:, p. 105.
1679:4 January
1298:, p. 466.
1002:The Sweet
971:in 2016,
968:Pitchfork
946:Lady Gaga
895:punk rock
784:Punk rock
609:Dave Hill
477:androgyny
473:mythology
469:mysticism
461:symbolist
457:Victorian
449:Hollywood
408:hard rock
393:decadence
343:punk rock
251:frontman
190:Glam rock
148:glam punk
120:post-punk
115:synth-pop
105:Punk rock
58:hard rock
31:Glam rock
3801:Category
3488:Nepalese
3459:Japanese
3415:Filipino
3385:Armenian
3357:New wave
3335:Art rock
3292:Romanian
3217:Estonian
3200:Indorock
3185:Croatian
3141:Albanian
3115:Peruvian
3020:Canadian
3008:American
2925:Shoegaze
2915:Rap rock
2809:New wave
2613:Art rock
2570:Pop rock
2527:Drum kit
2497:Backbeat
2262:, p. 55.
2168:, p. 63.
2119:, p. 81.
2058:R. Huq,
2007:, p. 28.
1961:, p. 79.
1864:, p. 88.
1842:. Aurum.
1792:, p. 80.
1642:AllMusic
1596:, p. 34.
1457:Archived
1348:, p. 72.
1225:AllMusic
1122:See also
963:—
938:Spacehog
908:, London
853:Bon Jovi
845:W.A.S.P.
744:Roy Wood
725:Jobriath
717:Iggy Pop
713:Lou Reed
567:Hot Love
545:art rock
463:styles,
339:Jobriath
335:Iggy Pop
319:Lou Reed
263:Hot Love
226:art rock
53:art rock
3737:Motorik
3720:Related
3632:Culture
3629:History
3555:Oceania
3546:Zambian
3536:Angolan
3520:Turkish
3505:Russian
3454:Israeli
3449:Iranian
3432:Bengali
3420:Bisrock
3410:Chinese
3317:Swedish
3312:Spanish
3302:Serbian
3297:Russian
3262:Latvian
3257:Italian
3222:Finnish
3171:Britpop
3161:British
3156:Bosnian
3151:Belgian
3100:Chilean
3045:Mexican
3040:Haitian
2951:Britpop
2580:British
2139:31 July
1171:Encarta
930:Placebo
748:Wizzard
707:" and "
666:Wizzard
514:History
453:cabaret
438:– what
424:art pop
218:cabaret
206:glitter
165:Make up
125:Britpop
63:cabaret
3813:Portal
3529:Africa
3471:Korean
3427:Indian
3282:Polish
3232:German
3227:French
3190:Danish
3134:Europe
2900:Grunge
2433:
2419:
2405:
2279:
2258:
2237:
2184:
2164:
2115:
2066:
2045:
2024:
2003:
1979:
1957:
1936:
1860:
1824:
1788:
1617:
1613:2002)
1592:
1455:: 37.
1370:
1344:
1294:
1255:
1117:(2012)
1108:(2001)
1096:(1998)
1084:(1979)
1072:(1975)
1060:(1975)
1052:(1975)
1040:(1975)
1032:(1974)
1020:(1974)
1008:(1973)
998:(1972)
990:T. Rex
918:Prince
752:Sparks
699:, and
693:Poison
553:T. Rex
535:, 1973
527:T. Rex
357:. The
327:Sparks
249:T. Rex
198:makeup
3322:Swiss
3252:Irish
3237:Greek
3210:Ultra
3195:Dutch
3030:Cuban
2944:1990s
2895:Grebo
2868:1980s
2767:1970s
2601:1960s
2553:1950s
1880:Clash
1533:Bomp!
1460:(PDF)
1445:(PDF)
1044:Slade
926:Suede
768:Queen
677:Slade
668:and "
664:" by
638:Slade
634:Sweet
613:Slade
441:Bomp!
311:Queen
279:Slade
275:Sweet
68:1950s
3662:Jazz
3515:Thai
3498:Sufi
3437:Raga
3378:Asia
3367:Punk
2431:ISBN
2417:ISBN
2403:ISBN
2381:2012
2355:2013
2329:2013
2306:2013
2277:ISBN
2256:ISBN
2235:ISBN
2217:2010
2182:ISBN
2162:ISBN
2141:2023
2113:ISBN
2095:2020
2064:ISBN
2043:ISBN
2022:ISBN
2001:ISBN
1977:ISBN
1955:ISBN
1934:ISBN
1887:2021
1858:ISBN
1822:ISBN
1786:ISBN
1732:2017
1707:2013
1681:2014
1650:2014
1615:ISBN
1590:ISBN
1541:2019
1503:2016
1427:2016
1400:2016
1368:ISBN
1342:ISBN
1292:ISBN
1253:ISBN
1232:2013
1184:2008
981:Film
940:and
885:and
873:and
861:Ratt
859:and
833:Kiss
750:and
723:and
697:Kiss
679:and
648:and
588:Tanx
543:and
502:and
492:Time
471:and
434:and
353:and
337:and
317:and
305:and
293:and
230:camp
204:and
2956:Emo
2693:Jam
1725:NME
1102:'s
1090:'s
1078:'s
1066:'s
1046:'s
1026:'s
1014:'s
806:of
746:'s
656:; "
646:Mud
569:".
525:of
426:of
406:of
309:of
283:Mud
232:or
216:to
71:pop
3831::
2372:.
2346:.
2297:.
2207:.
2201:.
2149:^
2132:.
2086:.
2075:^
1878:,
1771:^
1761:.
1723:.
1697:.
1667:.
1639:.
1565:^
1530:.
1511:^
1492:.
1451:.
1447:.
1416:.
1391:.
1379:^
1353:^
1323:^
1303:^
1279:^
1240:^
1223:.
1201:.
1168:.
1150:.
948:.
936:,
932:,
928:,
924:,
889:.
881:,
863:.
855:,
851:,
847:,
843:,
766:,
762:,
742:,
719:,
715:,
695:,
691:,
687:,
644:,
640:,
636:,
632:,
510:.
349:,
345:,
333:,
329:,
325:,
301:,
289:,
285:,
281:,
277:,
273:,
269:,
240:.
220:,
3406:)
3402:(
2475:e
2468:t
2461:v
2383:.
2357:.
2331:.
2308:.
2219:.
2143:.
2097:.
1985:.
1744:"
1734:.
1709:.
1683:.
1652:.
1633:"
1609:(
1547:.
1505:.
1453:5
1429:.
1402:.
1234:.
1186:.
975:.
960:.
25:.
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