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Glomerida

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1717: 1712: 131: 419: 1749: 1469: 109: 1065: 324: 481:, or "worm-like" millipedes. This classification is supported by morphological similarities. However, some studies based on DNA sequence comparisons have suggested that Glomerida is more closely related to Glomeridesmida than to Sphaerotheriida, a hypothesis which would imply the enrolling behavior evolved twice or was lost in the ancestors of Glomeridesmidans. 1739: 1077: 361:) are situated dorsally, in contrast to the lateral ozopores of most other millipedes. Males and females differ in the number of leg pairs: adult males have 19 while adult females have 17. Additionally, in mature males the last leg pair is modified into clasping appendages known as telopods. Millipedes in this order develop by 373:
Glomerida is predominantly a northern hemisphere group. It contains members in Europe, North Africa, Central and Southeast Asia, and the Americas. Four species are present in the British Isles. Only in Southeast Asia do any members cross the equator, extending as far south as Indonesia. In the
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Shelley, R. M.; Golovatch, S. I. (2011). "Atlas of Myriapod Biogeography. I. Indigenous Ordinal and Supra-Ordinal Distributions in the Diplopoda: Perspectives on Taxon Origins and Ages, and a Hypothesis on the Origin and Early Evolution of the Class".
349:) may be fused, and the 11th tergite may be small or partially hidden to appear as 11 segments. The last tergite is enlarged and shield like. The head is relatively large and round, possessing long, slender antennae, and horseshoe-shaped 296:
or woodlice, and can enroll into a protective ball. They have twelve body segments, 17 to 19 pairs of legs, and males have enlarged rear legs involved in mating. The order includes about 30 genera and at least 280 species, including
452:. In adult males in the Glomerdellidae family, not only the last leg pair (pair 19) but also the penultimate pair (pair 18) are modified into telopods. Estimates of numbers of species range from 280 to 450. The genus 1947: 749:"Nearctomeris, a new genus of Pill Millipedes from North America, with a comparison of genetic distances of American Pill Millipede Genera (Glomerida, Glomeridae)" 1986: 920: 625: 522: 558: 1921: 1960: 960:
Sierwald, P.; Shear, W. A.; Shelley, R. M.; Bond, J. E. (2003). "Millipede phylogeny revisited in the light of the enigmatic order Siphoniulida".
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Regier, Jerome C.; Wilson, Heather M.; Shultz, Jeffrey W. (2005). "Phylogenetic analysis of Myriapoda using three nuclear protein-coding genes".
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Sierwald, Petra; Bond, Jason E. (2007). "Current Status of the Myriapod Class Diplopoda (Millipedes): Taxonomic Diversity and Phylogeny".
802: 341:(so-called Giant Pill-millipedes), they are capable of enrolling into a ball ("volvation"), a trait also shared with the unrelated 2038: 596:"Anamorphosis in Millipedes (Diplopoda) — The Present State of Knowledge with Some Developmental and Phylogenetic Considerations" 595: 859:"Millipede Taxonomy after 250 Years: Classification and Taxonomic Practices in a Mega-Diverse yet Understudied Arthropod Group" 632: 432:, but the relationship of these to each other is debated. Some authors divide the order into three families, the large family 1965: 1716: 1973: 1711: 1069: 1830: 227: 708:"Checklist of the Myriapoda in Cretaceous Burmese amber and a correction of the Myriapoda identified by Zhang (2017)" 350: 1900: 1732: 130: 1991: 303:, the common European pill-millipede. The order contains members in Europe, South-east Asia and the Americas from 2071: 1913: 1107: 636: 465:, which contains short-bodied millipedes capable of volvation. Oniscomorphs are united with the poorly known 410:, which constitute the oldest known records of the order, though the group probably originated much earlier. 1770: 782: 362: 357:(first segment behind the head) is small while the second tergite is greatly enlarged. Defensive glands ( 1835: 345:(Oniscidean crustaceans). Adults possess 12 body segments, although the second and third dorsal plates ( 2012: 533: 375: 1742: 1081: 569: 2030: 441: 337:
Glomeridans are small, oval-shaped millipedes reaching up to 20 mm (0.79 in) long. Like the
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Golovatch, Sergei; Mauriès, Jean-Paul; Akkari, Nesrine; Stoev, Pavel; Geoffroy, Jean-Jacques (2009).
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Enghoff, Henrik; Golovatch, Sergei; Short, Megan; Stoev, Pavel; Wesener, Thomas (2015-01-01).
729: 418: 391: 1092: 2004: 1952: 1573: 1034: 999: 969: 940: 888: 878: 831: 790: 763: 719: 607: 1601: 1500: 1340: 1298: 1267: 1003: 478: 445: 437: 338: 329: 308: 281: 246: 1808: 936: 874: 748: 1908: 1895: 1651: 1591: 1563: 1518: 1513: 1388: 1345: 1286: 1249: 893: 858: 661: 611: 473:, which is characterized by posterior telopods and relatively short bodies, and is the 466: 458:
is the largest, containing at least 100 species and many more subspecies or varieties.
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western hemisphere, Glomeridans occur in three disparate areas: an eastern, somewhat
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Glomerida is traditionally classified along with Sphaerotheriida in the superorder
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that also enroll, some DNA evidence suggest they may be more closely related to
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to Guatemala. Although historically considered closely related with the similar
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Treatise on Zoology - Anatomy, Taxonomy, Biology. The Myriapoda, Volume 2
454: 379: 358: 346: 293: 81: 76: 61: 56: 46: 402:) to central Guatemala. Numerous undescribed fossils are known from the 724: 383: 96: 71: 1939: 1378: 1139: 429: 152: 1926: 1764: 1887: 925:
Latreille, 1802 (Diplopoda, Glomerida, Glomeridae) in North Africa"
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Golovatch, S.I.; Mikhaljova, E.V.; Chang, Hsueh-Wen (2010-05-19).
568:. The Field Museum, Chicago, IL. 26 September 2006. Archived from 417: 322: 1768: 1484: 1170: 1096: 448:
and recognize the families Glomeridellidae, and Glomeridae and
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Brewer, Michael S.; Sierwald, Petra; Bond, Jason E. (2012).
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Enghoff, Henrik; Dohle, Wolfgang; Blower, J. Gordon (1993).
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Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research
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found primarily in the Northern Hemisphere. Also known as
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from Tunisia. The enlarged rear legs are the telopods
1777: 1679: 1670: 1648: 1615: 1600: 1582: 1560: 1531: 1499: 1430: 1397: 1367: 1358: 1316: 1297: 1279: 1248: 1239: 1210: 1185: 820:"Pill-millipedes (Glomerida, Diplopoda) in Taiwan" 398:, and a neotropical region from eastern Mexico ( 1108: 315:, a poorly known order that does not enroll. 8: 706:Wesener, Thomas; Moritz, Leif (2018-12-17). 499:"Northern Pill Millipedes (Order Glomerida)" 532:. The Field Museum, Chicago. Archived from 1765: 1676: 1612: 1557: 1496: 1492: 1481: 1364: 1313: 1309: 1245: 1236: 1182: 1178: 1167: 1115: 1101: 1093: 559:"Putative apomorphies of millipede clades" 107: 27: 944: 892: 882: 723: 600:Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 523:"Diagnostic features of Millipede Orders" 490: 1027:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 1004:10.1146/annurev.ento.52.111805.090210 353:. Eyes may be present or absent. The 7: 2031:B12887FD-FFAD-2B2A-FF73-FCD8FA70FB2C 1914:742fb5ed-6273-44dd-afa4-f5f6cb967df8 1738: 626:"Biogeography of millipede families" 428:Glomerida contains approximately 30 664:. British Myriapod and Isopod Group 612:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1993.tb00305.x 14: 566:Milli-PEET: Millipede Systematics 1748: 1747: 1737: 1715: 1710: 1467: 1075: 1063: 974:10.1046/j.1439-0469.2003.00202.x 783:"Diplopoda — taxonomic overview" 530:Milli-PEET Identification Tables 129: 633:Field Museum of Natural History 390:; a California region from the 292:, they superficially resemble 1: 884:10.1371/journal.pone.0037240 1039:10.1016/j.ympev.2004.09.005 992:Annual Review of Entomology 2088: 18: 1728: 1708: 1495: 1491: 1480: 1465: 1312: 1181: 1177: 1166: 1134: 846:– via ResearchGate. 836:10.11646/zootaxa.2477.1.1 795:10.1163/9789004188273_017 768:10.11646/zootaxa.3258.1.5 265: 258: 240: 235: 126:Scientific classification 124: 115: 106: 30: 1442:(flat-backed millipedes) 290:northern pill millipedes 19:Not to be confused with 1270:(giant pill millipedes) 423:Trachysphaera pyrenaica 1606:(worm-like millipedes) 1321:(suctorial millipedes) 1303:(worm-like millipedes) 946:10.3897/zookeys.12.179 425: 334: 2013:Paleobiology Database 921:"The millipede genus 421: 326: 1909:Fauna Europaea (new) 1197:(bristle-millipedes) 1123:Orders of the class 1084:at Wikimedia Commons 747:Wesener, T. (2012). 937:2009ZooK...12...47G 875:2012PLoSO...737240B 575:on 26 December 2015 539:on 30 November 2020 118:Glomeris sublimbata 16:Order of millipedes 725:10.15560/14.6.1131 469:in the infraclass 426: 335: 300:Glomeris marginata 2054: 2053: 2000:Open Tree of Life 1771:Taxon identifiers 1762: 1761: 1724: 1723: 1706: 1705: 1702: 1701: 1698: 1697: 1694: 1693: 1608: 1527: 1526: 1519:Microdecemplicida 1476: 1475: 1463: 1462: 1459: 1458: 1455: 1454: 1451: 1450: 1443: 1354: 1353: 1323: 1305: 1293: 1292: 1271: 1255: 1253:(pill millipedes) 1206: 1205: 1198: 1128: 1080:Media related to 642:on March 28, 2016 392:San Francisco Bay 309:sphaerotheriidans 275: 274: 270: 231: 37:Cenomanian–Recent 2079: 2072:Millipede orders 2047: 2046: 2034: 2033: 2021: 2020: 2008: 2007: 1995: 1994: 1982: 1981: 1979:NBNSYS0100003267 1969: 1968: 1956: 1955: 1943: 1942: 1930: 1929: 1917: 1916: 1904: 1903: 1891: 1890: 1878: 1877: 1865: 1864: 1852: 1851: 1839: 1838: 1826: 1825: 1813: 1812: 1811: 1798: 1797: 1796: 1766: 1751: 1750: 1741: 1740: 1733:List of families 1719: 1714: 1682: 1677: 1673: 1655: 1613: 1607: 1604: 1567: 1558: 1514:Eoarthropleurida 1497: 1493: 1482: 1471: 1441: 1433: 1400: 1372: 1365: 1361: 1322: 1319: 1314: 1310: 1304: 1301: 1282: 1269: 1268:Sphaerotheriida 1254: 1251: 1246: 1237: 1196: 1183: 1179: 1168: 1126: 1117: 1110: 1103: 1094: 1079: 1068:Data related to 1067: 1051: 1050: 1022: 1016: 1015: 987: 978: 977: 957: 951: 950: 948: 916: 907: 906: 896: 886: 854: 848: 847: 815: 809: 808: 778: 772: 771: 753: 744: 738: 737: 727: 718:(6): 1131–1140. 703: 697: 696: 683: 674: 673: 671: 669: 658: 652: 651: 649: 647: 641: 635:. Archived from 630: 622: 616: 615: 591: 585: 584: 582: 580: 574: 563: 555: 549: 548: 546: 544: 538: 527: 519: 513: 512: 510: 509: 495: 442:Trachysphaeridae 363:hemianamorphosis 351:Tömösváry organs 313:glomeridesmidans 268: 251:Trachysphaeridae 226: 134: 133: 111: 101: 38: 34:Temporal range: 28: 2087: 2086: 2082: 2081: 2080: 2078: 2077: 2076: 2057: 2056: 2055: 2050: 2042: 2037: 2029: 2024: 2016: 2011: 2003: 1998: 1990: 1985: 1977: 1972: 1964: 1959: 1951: 1946: 1938: 1933: 1925: 1920: 1912: 1907: 1899: 1894: 1886: 1881: 1873: 1868: 1860: 1855: 1847: 1842: 1834: 1829: 1821: 1816: 1807: 1806: 1801: 1792: 1791: 1786: 1773: 1763: 1758: 1720: 1690: 1680: 1671: 1666: 1649: 1644: 1605: 1603: 1602:Helminthomorpha 1596: 1578: 1574:Zosterogrammida 1561: 1552: 1550: 1548: 1546: 1544: 1542: 1540: 1538: 1536: 1534: 1523: 1501:Arthropleuridea 1487: 1472: 1447: 1431: 1426: 1398: 1393: 1368: 1359: 1350: 1341:Siphonocryptida 1320: 1302: 1300: 1299:Helminthomorpha 1289: 1280: 1275: 1252: 1231: 1229: 1227: 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1704: 1703: 1700: 1699: 1696: 1695: 1692: 1691: 1685: 1683: 1674: 1668: 1667: 1665: 1664: 1658: 1656: 1652:incertae sedis 1646: 1645: 1643: 1642: 1640:Palaeosomatida 1637: 1632: 1627: 1621: 1619: 1610: 1598: 1597: 1595: 1594: 1592:Amynilyspedida 1588: 1586: 1580: 1579: 1577: 1576: 1570: 1568: 1564:incertae sedis 1555: 1529: 1528: 1525: 1524: 1522: 1521: 1516: 1511: 1509:Arthropleurida 1505: 1503: 1489: 1488: 1485: 1478: 1477: 1474: 1473: 1466: 1464: 1461: 1460: 1457: 1456: 1453: 1452: 1449: 1448: 1446: 1445: 1436: 1434: 1428: 1427: 1425: 1424: 1419: 1414: 1409: 1403: 1401: 1395: 1394: 1392: 1391: 1389:Spirostreptida 1386: 1381: 1375: 1373: 1362: 1356: 1355: 1352: 1351: 1349: 1348: 1346:Siphonophorida 1343: 1338: 1333: 1327: 1325: 1307: 1295: 1294: 1291: 1290: 1287:Glomeridesmida 1285: 1283: 1277: 1276: 1274: 1273: 1265: 1259: 1257: 1243: 1234: 1208: 1207: 1204: 1203: 1201: 1200: 1191: 1189: 1175: 1174: 1171: 1164: 1163: 1161: 1160: 1154: 1148: 1142: 1135: 1132: 1131: 1122: 1120: 1119: 1112: 1105: 1097: 1091: 1090: 1085: 1073: 1072:at Wikispecies 1059: 1058:External links 1056: 1053: 1052: 1033:(1): 147–158. 1017: 998:(1): 401–420. 979: 952: 908: 849: 810: 803: 773: 739: 698: 675: 653: 617: 606:(2): 103–234. 586: 550: 514: 489: 488: 486: 483: 467:Glomeridesmida 415: 414:Classification 412: 370: 367: 320: 317: 273: 272: 269:Verhoeff, 1910 263: 262: 256: 255: 253:(=Doderiidae) 238: 237: 233: 232: 220: 216: 215: 210: 206: 205: 200: 196: 195: 190: 186: 185: 180: 176: 175: 170: 166: 165: 160: 156: 155: 150: 146: 145: 140: 136: 135: 122: 121: 113: 112: 104: 103: 95: 90: 85: 80: 75: 70: 65: 60: 55: 50: 45: 40: 39: 33: 21:Glomeridesmida 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 2084: 2073: 2070: 2068: 2065: 2064: 2062: 2045: 2040: 2036: 2032: 2027: 2023: 2019: 2014: 2010: 2006: 2001: 1997: 1993: 1988: 1984: 1980: 1975: 1971: 1967: 1962: 1958: 1954: 1949: 1945: 1941: 1936: 1932: 1928: 1923: 1919: 1915: 1910: 1906: 1902: 1897: 1893: 1889: 1884: 1880: 1876: 1871: 1867: 1863: 1858: 1854: 1850: 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Retrieved 502: 493: 475:sister group 463:Oniscomorpha 460: 453: 427: 422: 396:Monterey Bay 382:to northern 378:region from 372: 369:Distribution 336: 328: 298: 289: 277: 276: 266: 241: 222: 213:Oniscomorpha 209:Superorder: 199:Infraclass: 116: 25: 1935:iNaturalist 1803:Wikispecies 1422:Stemmiulida 1407:Callipodida 1399:Nematophora 1384:Spirobolida 1336:Polyzoniida 1195:Polyxenida 1187:Penicillata 1088:Photographs 830:(1): 1–20. 789:: 363–453. 503:iNaturalist 388:Mississippi 376:Appalachian 319:Description 193:Chilognatha 169:Subphylum: 2061:Categories 1754:Millipedes 1681:Juliformia 1584:Pentazonia 1370:Juliformia 1241:Pentazonia 1156:Subphylum 1152:Arthropoda 1125:Diplopoda 712:Check List 543:25 October 508:2023-03-07 485:References 471:Pentazonia 434:Glomeridae 404:Cenomanian 400:Nuevo León 305:California 243:Glomeridae 203:Pentazonia 189:Subclass: 163:Arthropoda 2067:Glomerida 1823:Glomerida 1809:Glomerida 1779:Glomerida 1743:Diplopoda 1432:Merocheta 1263:Glomerida 1158:Myriapoda 1146:Ecdysozoa 1082:Glomerida 1070:Glomerida 844:1175-5334 762:: 58–68. 734:1809-127X 294:pill-bugs 278:Glomerida 236:Families 223:Glomerida 183:Diplopoda 173:Myriapoda 149:Kingdom: 143:Eukaryota 31:Glomerida 1844:BugGuide 1794:Q1365864 1788:Wikidata 1672:Eugnatha 1360:Eugnatha 1140:Animalia 1138:Kingdom 1047:15579388 1012:17163800 923:Glomeris 903:22615951 863:PLOS ONE 695:: 1–134. 579:27 March 455:Glomeris 380:Kentucky 359:ozopores 347:tergites 343:pillbugs 260:Synonyms 159:Phylum: 153:Animalia 139:Domain: 1849:1194430 1486:Extinct 1150:Phylum 933:Bibcode 929:ZooKeys 894:3352885 871:Bibcode 824:Zootaxa 756:Zootaxa 477:to the 440:, and 394:to the 384:Florida 219:Order: 179:Class: 2044:887895 2018:304830 2005:274376 1966:154414 1888:1GLOMO 1836:251442 1752:  1379:Julida 1172:Living 1045:  1010:  901:  891:  842:  801:  732:  446:tribes 430:genera 355:collum 280:is an 230:, 1833 228:Brandt 2039:WoRMS 2026:Plazi 1992:62004 1953:12498 1948:IRMNG 1940:56079 1901:11506 1862:7NFBB 752:(PDF) 640:(PDF) 629:(PDF) 573:(PDF) 562:(PDF) 537:(PDF) 526:(PDF) 406:aged 327:Male 282:order 1987:NCBI 1961:ITIS 1927:1018 1922:GBIF 1883:EPPO 1875:6446 1831:BOLD 1043:PMID 1008:PMID 899:PMID 840:ISSN 828:2477 799:ISBN 760:3258 730:ISSN 670:2016 648:2016 581:2014 545:2013 386:and 42:PreꞒ 1974:NBN 1870:EoL 1857:CoL 1818:ADW 1035:doi 1000:doi 970:doi 941:doi 889:PMC 879:doi 832:doi 791:doi 764:doi 720:doi 693:158 608:doi 604:109 284:of 2063:: 2041:: 2028:: 2015:: 2002:: 1989:: 1976:: 1963:: 1950:: 1937:: 1924:: 1911:: 1898:: 1885:: 1872:: 1859:: 1846:: 1833:: 1820:: 1805:: 1790:: 1041:. 1031:34 1029:. 1006:. 996:52 994:. 982:^ 966:41 964:. 939:. 927:. 911:^ 897:. 887:. 877:. 865:. 861:. 838:. 826:. 822:. 797:. 785:. 758:. 754:. 728:. 716:14 714:. 710:. 691:. 678:^ 631:. 602:. 598:. 564:. 528:. 501:. 436:, 365:. 92:Pg 1553:a 1551:h 1549:t 1547:a 1545:n 1543:g 1541:o 1539:l 1537:i 1535:h 1533:C 1232:a 1230:h 1228:t 1226:a 1224:n 1222:g 1220:o 1218:l 1216:i 1214:h 1212:C 1116:e 1109:t 1102:v 1049:. 1037:: 1014:. 1002:: 976:. 972:: 949:. 943:: 935:: 905:. 881:: 873:: 867:7 834:: 807:. 793:: 770:. 766:: 736:. 722:: 672:. 650:. 614:. 610:: 583:. 547:. 511:. 97:N 87:K 82:J 77:T 72:P 67:C 62:D 57:S 52:O 47:Ꞓ 23:.

Index

Glomeridesmida
PreꞒ

O
S
D
C
P
T
J
K
Pg
N

Glomeris sublimbata
Scientific classification
Edit this classification
Eukaryota
Animalia
Arthropoda
Myriapoda
Diplopoda
Chilognatha
Pentazonia
Oniscomorpha
Glomerida
Brandt
Glomeridae
Glomeridellidae
Trachysphaeridae

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