261:, she recounts an incident in which she failed a first-year exam (prelims, "the first time I had ever failed anything in my life") and received the recommendation that she should not take it over. Though everyone in the class had failed the prelim, most of them received the recommendation to take it over. When she confronted her advisor, he told her that she had achieved the second highest score in the group. Because of this, Anderson spent the summer looking for a job in Chicago, and poring through her physical organic chemistry textbook. She later received a phone call from the University of Chicago, with a job offer to work with Dr. Leon Stock as a research assistant. To test her skills, he set her the assignment which none of his students had so far managed to complete: to make 9-fluora-anthracene from a procedure detailed in a French paper. Anderson, never having studied French, went to the bookstore, bought a French dictionary, translated the paper, and carried out the experiment successfully on her first try. She later took the prelim test again, and passed.
313:. She knew at the time that this choice was considered by some of her friends to be "professional suicide", and she herself believes that she could have accomplished much more in a different setting. However, she was firm in her resolution, and turned down offers from majority white universities over the course of her career. In her interview with Jeannette E. Brown, she explained her motivation: "I wanted to go to a Black college to allow the students to have the opportunity to get the kind of education that I had gotten; because I felt coming from where I came from that it was almost impossible for me to get the kind of training I had gotten. (...) I squeezed through the wire mesh fence." On Dr McBay's advice, Anderson applied for the position of chair at
317:'s department of chemistry in Atlanta. She was awarded the position, and became associate professor at the college. As chair of the chemistry department, she made substantial improvements so that it could be approved by the American Chemical Society. Despite receiving other offers of employment, Anderson chose to remain at Morris Brown because "of the educational philosophy at Morris Brown, in that Morris Brown takes in some of the brightest students there are, but at the same time, Morris Brown allows students who are not in upper echelon to come in here." On top of her teaching commitments, starting in the summer of 1969 Anderson carried out post-doctoral research at the
156:. She was an excellent student who skipped grades, graduating high school valedictorian at age 16, in 1954. The faculty at Altheimer Trainer School was entirely African American, and was highly encouraging of their students. She explained that the teachers "pushed us to succeed, to excel, because they had a vested interest in turning out successful, well-educated students. They cared, intimately, about us doing well." The school offered very little science education, and very little math.
272:, and published at least one paper before she had completed her dissertation (which they wrote "over the weekend"). Anderson would work in the lab during the day, then on her dissertation at night at home. She was a pioneer in the field of fluorine Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy ("didn't nobody know how to operate it but me"). Throughout her time at the University of Chicago, she was mentored by Thomas Cole (who later became president of
141:, where she was raised. She is the fourth child, and only girl, in a family of six children. In an interview with Jeanette E. Brown, she explains that she did not feel different, despite being the only girl, because "I mostly played sports along with them, like basketball, softball, and that kind of stuff. (...) My youngest brother would play dolls with me and the rest of them would not, but you know, I really didn't think too much about it."
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241:, the "father of black chemists in the United States", who had made it his mission to seek out and train talented African American chemists. Anderson worked for him as a chemistry instructor and research assistant for two years. In her own words, Anderson "loved teaching organic chemistry, because, first of all, I learned a whole lot of organic chemistry while I was teaching it." McBay encouraged her to pursue her doctoral studies.
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394:'s (CPB) board in 1972. In actuality, she served seven years because of a delay in the confirmation of her successor. While at the CPB, she also served as chair for committees on Minority Training, Minorities and Women, and Human Resources Development, and later as vice chair of the board from 1977 to 1979. Anderson actively worked to encourage positive portrayals of minorities in public broadcasting.
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with did not have a history of research in chemistry or biology like that, that nobody was going to give me any money for research. (...) So, I decided, well, I'm going to do research no matter what. (...) I paid out of my pocket, and I charged that on my credit card. Even today, I don't know how much I owe the patent lawyers, but I have paid for all those patents stuff, myself."
257:) in 1965, and received a research and teaching assistantship. In her first year, she was the only Black, full-time organic chemistry student. She tutored white women chemistry students in her first year, but decided to focus on herself when she realized that, due to the prevalent racism of the time, they had advantages she did not have. In her interview with
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Anderson is quoted as saying, to a group of young scientists, " can do anything that you want to do. You can be anything that you want to be. However, you must be determined. You must work hard. You must not let anyone define who you are and what you can do." She adds, "As Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.
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She married
Leonard Sinclair Anderson, a schoolteacher in 1960. In Chicago, while Anderson was studying for her PhD, Leonard attended the Chicago Conservatory of Music, graduating with a master's degree. Talking about her marriage, Anderson said: "at that time, you know, we had not been liberated, so
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Gloria L Anderson, interview by
Jeannette E. Brown at Morris Brown College, Atlanta, Georgia, 21 August 2009 (Philadelphia: Chemical Heritage Foundation, Oral History Transcript #0673, (with subsequent corrections and additions), as part of the oral history project initiated by the Chemical Heritage
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Throughout her career, she struggled to receive funding, and attributes much of this to the racism of the time. She used money from her own salary to fund her research. In her 2009 interview with
Jeanette E. Brown, she explains: "it became clear to me that if I was at Morris Brown College, a college
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chemistry department, to study for a master's degree in chemistry. Upon her marriage to
Leonard Sinclair Anderson in 1960, she almost dropped out of the program due to financial difficulty, despite the fellowship. Dr. Huggins intervened again, and provided her with research funding so that she could
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In her interview with
Jeanette E. Brown, Anderson explained: "I have always had to prove myself wherever I went. I had to prove myself in Chicago. When I proved myself, I didn't have any m ore trouble. When I went to Georgia Tech as a post-doc, I had to prove myself. After I proved myself, I didn't
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Anderson explains that when she joined Morris Brown, the Vice
President of Academic Affairs told her that it was a teaching institution, and that if she wanted to carry out research, "you do that on your own time." So, she says: "I did it in on my own time. I worked in the evenings and on Saturdays
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She is the daughter of Elsie Lee Foggie Long, a seamstress, and
Charles Long, a sharecropper, with a tenth and third grade education, respectively. They lived in a mixed-race, segregated farming community. Later, both her parents worked at the Pine Bluff Arsenal, her mother in the Armament Division
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In 1973, she became the Fuller E. Callaway
Professor of Chemistry and Chair, which she returned to in 1990 after serving as Dean of Academic Affairs from 1984 to 1989. Anderson worked as a National Science Foundation Research Fellow (1981) and Research Consultant (1982) for the Lockheed Georgia
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With no other options, Anderson taught geography, reading and arithmetic in seventh grade at a school in
Altheimer for six months (even though, by her own admission, "I didn't even know any more about geography than the students did"). She was then offered a National Science Foundation grant by
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between 1956 and 1958 in recognition of her stellar grades. As part of the scholarship, she worked as a teaching assistant, helping in the chemistry classes. She also worked during the summer, working in a candy factory in
Chicago between her junior and senior years. Despite not having studied
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Anderson became Morris Brown's interim president twice, from 1992 to 1993 and in 1998, and was Dean of Science and Technology from 1995 to 1997. Since 1999 and as of 2009, she is the Fuller E. Callaway Professor of Chemistry. Twice, she served as interim president of Morris Brown. As of 2011,
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Throughout her career, Anderson has held many board and committee leadership positions, including as chair of the Greater Atlanta Public Broadcasting Study Committee (1974-1976), as vice president of the Public Broadcasting Atlanta Board (1980-1982), and at Morris Brown College, chair of the
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chemistry in high school, she had initially signed up to the chemistry courses on a dare, because chemistry was considered to be the most difficult major. She graduated with a degree in chemistry and mathematics in 1958, as the valedictorian, summa cum laude, first in a class of 237. Dr.
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and Sundays. (...) I was determined to do . But more importantly, I love research, and I still love research." Anderson continued her research continued on fluorine-19 and its interactions with other atoms, using it to probe synthesis reactions. Anderson's research has also covered
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continue studying in his lab. She accepted, even though she "didn't particularly like" his research topic. Anderson earned her master's degree in organic chemistry at Atlanta in 1961, with a thesis supervised by Dr. Huggins on a novel synthesis process of
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Promotion and Tenure Ad Hoc Appeals Committee (2000), chair of the Academic Planning Task Force (2003), chair of the Faculty Retention Task Force (2003) and chair of the Academic Affairs Council (2004). She has also been on an advisory committee for the
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we didn't know we weren't supposed to be cooking and cleaning and all that. I did all that, as well as I went through graduate school. I was married. I came home. I cooked and I cleaned and ironed and all of that when I was married."
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have any problem. (...) The point is, they didn't pay me attention, because they didn't know I knew anything. They didn't think I knew what I was talking about. It has always been that way whenever I present myself in chemistry."
152:). They allowed her to start elementary school at the age of four ("they didn't check very carefully in those days"), by which time she had already learned to read. She attended segregated public schools, including the
163:, so Anderson chose to attend college, hoping to pursue a career. She hadn't planned to pursue a career in science, and had instead considered careers in physical education and interior decorating.
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and her father as a janitor. Growing up, she was expected to help with farm work, and years later, explained: "In those days we didn't know we were living in poverty."
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Presidential Citation in Recognition of Exemplary Experiences that Honor My Alma Mater, National Association for Equal Opportunity in Higher Education (1986)
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276:). Cole was working as a teaching assistant, and was the one who taught her the basics of NMR. Anderson received her physical organic chemistry
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as a chemist because she was African-American. She later said that "they did me a favor by not hiring me, but I didn't realize it at the time."
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Gloria L. Anderson, Transcript of Interview Conducted by Jeannette E. Brown at Morris Brown College Atlanta, Georgia on 21 August 2009
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Gloria L. Anderson, Transcript of Interview Conducted by Jeannette E. Brown at Morris Brown College Atlanta, Georgia on 21 August 2009
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Faculty Research Fellowship, Southeastern Centre for Electrical Engineering Education, Air Force Office for Scientific Research (1984)
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said at my college commencement, and I paraphrase, 'Don't go out to be the best black scientist, Go out to be the best scientist.' "
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Anderson, Gloria L.; Stock, Leon M. (1969). "Chemistry of the bicyclooctanes. IX. Chemical shifts for bicyclic fluorides".
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361:(1984). She also worked as a consultant for IPECS Holland, a Dutch chemical and pharmaceutical research company (1990).
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Her parents prioritized her education (and the education of her brothers with three of her brothers also attended the
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Corporation, and later as SCEE Faculty Research Fellow for the U.S Air Force Rocket Propulsion Laboratory at the
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Outstanding Education Award, West Georgia Chapter, Morris Brown College National Alumni Association (1999)
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She had enjoyed her experience in Dr. Stock's lab, so she continued her research with him, working on the
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was the commencement speaker at her graduation, and he was a source of inspiration throughout her life.
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Appreciation Plaque, "In appreciation for Faculty Leadership", Morris Brown College Faculty (2004)
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Plaque, Achievement, 120th Founder's Day Celebration, University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff (1993)
288:". In the paper which resulted from her thesis, she coins the term "substituent chemical shift".
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196:, she was unable to study there for lack of funding. She was then rejected for a position at the
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Scroll of Honour from the National Association of Negro Business and Professional Women (1983)
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Public Broadcasting Service Award, Atlanta Chapter, National Association of Media Women (1978)
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Outstanding Service Award, Student Assistance Program, Morris Brown College (1977)
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Outstanding Service Award, Special Services Students, Morris Brown College (1970)
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Congratulatory Plaque, Arkansas A. M. & N. College Alumni Association (1973)
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Sixth Edition Award, Atlanta Chapter, National Association of Media Women (1978)
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Appreciation Plaque, Metro SYETP, DeKalb County SYETP, and Upward Bound (1985)
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Chairlady's Award, Atlanta Chapter, National Association of Media Women (1978)
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Leonard and Gloria divorced in 1977. Anderson has one son, Gerald (b. 1961).
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https://oh.sciencehistory.org/sites/default/files/anderson_gl_0673_suppl.pdf
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She received many teaching awards while at Morris Brown College, including:
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in April of that year, and considered this her contribution to the American
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Appreciation Plaque, Task Force on Minorities in Public Broadcasting (1978)
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Appreciation Plaque, Native American Public Broadcasting Consortium (1977)
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Appreciation Award, Scholars Restaurant, Morris Brown College (1989-1990)
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Proclamation, "Gloria Long Anderson Day", City of Atlanta, Georgia (1993)
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A number of appreciation plaques have also been dedicated in her honor:
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Full Text available from the Chemical Heritage Foundation (Free Access)
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Foundation and Iowa State University Library. Abstract retrieved from:
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Anderson works as assistant to the president of Morris Brown College.
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Appreciation Trophy, Morris Brown College Upward Bound Program (1991)
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Appreciation Award, Upward Bound Program, Morris Brown College (1983)
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Faculty/Staff Hall of Fame, Senior Class, Morris Brown College (1983)
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Appreciation Plaque, Morris Brown College TRIO Programs (1996, 1997)
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Service Above Self Award, TRIO programs, Morris Brown College (1985)
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Appreciation Plaque, PREP Class of 1985, Morris Brown College (1985)
502:"Women of Color in the Struggle", A Consortium of Doctors LTD (1991)
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In 1968, Anderson chose to conduct her post-doctoral research at a
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Scroll of Honor Award, University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff (2002)
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Appreciation Award, Air Force Rocket Propulsion Laboratory (1984)
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synthesis, fluoridated pharmaceutical compounds, and substituted
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Outstanding Teacher, Senior Class, Morris Brown College (1976)
305:("it didn't make a difference which one") in the wake of the
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Appreciation Plaque, Martin/Altheimer School Reunion (1986)
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Very few jobs were available for African American women in
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Brown, Jeannette E. (Jeannette Elizabeth), 1934- (2012).
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Outside of academia, Anderson was appointed by President
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in 1968. Her thesis was titled: "19F Chemical Shifts For
222:, titled: "Studies on 1-(4-Methylphenyl)-1,3-Butadiene".
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She has received numerous honors and awards, including:
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Anderson was named among the brightest scientists in
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Arkansas Agricultural, Mechanical, and Normal College
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Arkansas Agricultural, Mechanical, and Normal College
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Outstanding Georgia Citizen, State of Georgia (1998)
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Certificate of Appreciation, State of Georgia (1982)
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537:Special Service Award, Morris Brown College (1983)
1125:African Americans in Science, Math, and Invention
460:Outstanding Black Women, the Utopian Club (1979)
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584:Recognition Plaque, Morris Brown College (1998)
485:Alumni All-Star Excellence Award in Education,
325:on "Studies on the mechanism of epoxidation".
192:Though she was accepted to graduate school at
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768:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1347:University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff alumni
1053:Black Women Scientists in the United States
492:YWCA Salute to Women of Achievement (1989)
249:Anderson began her doctoral studies at the
772:) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
233:. Anderson then moved back to Atlanta, to
182:Rockefeller Foundation College Scholarship
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1377:20th-century African-American scientists
1158:Journal of the American Chemical Society
463:Faculty Industrial Research Fellowship,
1382:21st-century African-American academics
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1209:Brown, Jeannette E. (August 21, 2009).
1122:Spangenburg, Ray; Moser, Diane (2003).
802:Brown, Jeannette E. (August 21, 2009).
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307:assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.
137:Anderson was born November 5, 1938, in
123:nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
1362:People from Jefferson County, Arkansas
1337:20th-century American women scientists
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1367:21st-century American women academics
1128:. Infobase Publishing. pp. 4–6.
1086:. The HistoryMakers. March 17, 2012.
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268:and CF infrared frequency shifts of
121:. She was a pioneer in the field of
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1372:20th-century African-American women
392:Corporation for Public Broadcasting
119:Corporation for Public Broadcasting
495:UNCF Distinguished Scholar Award,
125:, and is known for her studies of
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1242:. Detroit : Gale Group. pp.
996:Who's Who Among African Americans
400:U.S Food and Drug Administration.
176:Anderson started studying at the
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1049:Warren, Wini (January 1, 1999).
531:Teacher of the Year Award (1983)
16:Chemist and school administrator
1387:21st-century American academics
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738:African American women chemists
345:. Her work has been applied to
319:Georgia Institute of Technology
109:(born November 5, 1938) is the
1000:Gale Virtual Reference Library
129:and solid rocket propellants.
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435:National Institute of Science
335:solid-fuel rocket propellants
1357:Morris Brown College faculty
1352:University of Chicago alumni
1234:ed, Pamela Proffitt (1999).
1220:Chemical Heritage Foundation
1057:. Indiana University Press.
813:Chemical Heritage Foundation
429:Anderson is a member of the
227:South Carolina State College
465:National Science Foundation
390:for a six-year term on the
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303:historically Black college
266:nuclear magnetic resonance
113:Professor of Chemistry at
1201:Science History Institute
1194:Center for Oral History.
671:Science History Institute
664:Center for Oral History.
497:United Negro College Fund
431:American Chemical Society
225:She taught for a year at
154:Altheimer Training School
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1238:Notable women scientists
274:Clark Atlanta University
239:Henry Cecil Ransom McBay
1327:American women chemists
237:. She was contacted by
1397:Chemists from Arkansas
994:"Anderson, Gloria L."
359:Edwards Air Force Base
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198:Ralston Purina Company
187:Martin Luther King Jr.
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150:University of Arkansas
1332:20th-century chemists
311:civil rights movement
251:University of Chicago
211:Kimuel Alonzo Huggins
68:University of Chicago
1218:. Philadelphia, PA:
1196:"Gloria L. Anderson"
811:. Philadelphia, PA:
666:"Gloria L. Anderson"
609:Morris Brown College
315:Morris Brown College
115:Morris Brown College
107:Gloria Long Anderson
95:Morris Brown College
25:Gloria Long Anderson
1170:10.1021/ja01052a044
1002:. Web. 8 Apr. 2016.
382:Outside of academia
321:, working with Dr.
213:, the chair of the
194:Stanford University
139:Altheimer, Arkansas
48:Altheimer, Arkansas
615:on October 3, 2015
286:Aromatic Molecules
259:Jeannette E. Brown
215:Atlanta University
111:Fuller E. Callaway
64:Atlanta University
1164:(24): 6804–6808.
1135:978-1-4381-0774-5
1084:"Gloria Anderson"
747:978-0-19-990961-2
323:Charles L. Liotta
235:Morehouse College
172:Bachelor's Degree
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75:Scientific career
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91:Institutions
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1317:1938 births
499:(1989-1990)
343:amantadines
331:epoxidation
270:fluorine-19
127:fluorine-19
1311:Categories
1064:0253336031
619:October 3,
592:References
437:, and the
255:alma mater
231:Orangeburg
133:Early life
37:1938-11-05
1301:Chemistry
1289:Biography
1178:0002-7863
764:cite book
756:761692608
253:(McBay's
220:butadiene
167:Education
161:Altheimer
85:Chemistry
1088:Archived
297:Academia
282:Bicyclic
1263:Portals
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489:(1987)
467:(1981)
433:, the
425:Honors
292:Career
81:Fields
1244:13–14
1216:(PDF)
809:(PDF)
278:Ph.D.
1248:ISBN
1174:ISSN
1143:2013
1130:ISBN
1096:2013
1059:ISBN
774:link
770:link
752:OCLC
742:ISBN
645:ISBN
621:2013
284:and
31:Born
1166:doi
245:PhD
229:in
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