974:(also called "grommets") are recommended with three or more episodes of acute otitis media in 6 months or four or more in a year, with at least one episode or more attacks in the preceding 6 months. There is tentative evidence that children with recurrent acute otitis media (AOM) who receive tubes have a modest improvement in the number of further AOM episodes (around one fewer episode at six months and less of an improvement at 12 months following the tubes being inserted). Evidence does not support an effect on long-term hearing or language development. A common complication of having a tympanostomy tube is otorrhea, which is a discharge from the ear. The risk of persistent
1171:
418:
1286:. Aboriginal children experience middle ear disease for two and a half years on average during childhood compared with three months for non indigenous children. If untreated it can leave a permanent legacy of hearing loss. The higher incidence of deafness in turn contributes to poor social, educational and emotional outcomes for the children concerned. Such children as they grow into adults are also more likely to experience employment difficulties and find themselves caught up in the criminal justice system. Research in 2012 revealed that nine out of ten Aboriginal prison inmates in the
1069:
3434:
56:
608:
perforation, and attempts at repair with granulation tissue and polyps. This can worsen discharge and inflammation, potentially developing into CSOM, often associated with cholesteatoma. Symptoms may include ear discharge or pus seen only on examination. Hearing loss is common. Risk factors include poor eustachian tube function, recurrent ear infections, crowded living, daycare attendance, and certain craniofacial malformations.
1263:
otitis media have more depression/anxiety-related disorders compared to individuals with normal hearing. Once the infections resolve and hearing thresholds return to normal, childhood otitis media may still cause minor and irreversible damage to the middle ear and cochlea. More research on the importance of screening all children under 4 years old for otitis media with effusion needs to be performed.
324:
1234:. If there is enough, this drainage may be obvious. Even though the perforation of the tympanic membrane suggests a highly painful and traumatic process, it is almost always associated with a dramatic relief of pressure and pain. In a simple case of acute otitis media in an otherwise healthy person, the body's defenses are likely to resolve the
299:. In AOM, antibiotics may speed recovery but may result in side effects. Antibiotics are often recommended in those with severe disease or under two years old. In those with less severe disease they may only be recommended in those who do not improve after two or three days. The initial antibiotic of choice is typically
621:
In
Britain, 0.9% of children and 0.5% of adults have CSOM, with no difference between the sexes. The incidence of CSOM across the world varies dramatically where high income countries have a relatively low prevalence while in low income countries the prevalence may be up to three times as great. Each
1258:
This hearing loss is mainly due to fluid in the middle ear or rupture of the tympanic membrane. Prolonged duration of otitis media is associated with ossicular complications and, together with persistent tympanic membrane perforation, contributes to the severity of the disease and hearing loss. When
665:
Risk factors such as season, allergy predisposition and presence of older siblings are known to be determinants of recurrent otitis media and persistent middle-ear effusions (MEE). History of recurrence, environmental exposure to tobacco smoke, use of daycare, and lack of breastfeeding have all been
661:
in children appears to reduce rates of AOM by 4% and the use of antibiotics by 11% over 6 months. However, the vaccine resulted in increased adverse-effects such as fever and runny nose. The small reduction in AOM may not justify the side effects and inconvenience of influenza vaccination every year
962:
or another penicillin derivative plus beta lactamase inhibitor is recommended. Taking amoxicillin once a day may be as effective as twice or three times a day. While less than 7 days of antibiotics have fewer side effects, more than seven days appear to be more effective. If there is no improvement
314:
Worldwide AOM affects about 11% of people a year (about 325 to 710 million cases). Half the cases involve children less than five years of age and it is more common among males. Of those affected about 4.8% or 31 million develop chronic suppurative otitis media. The total number of people
515:
being Latin for "eardrum"). However, sometimes even examination of the eardrum may not be able to confirm the diagnosis, especially if the canal is small. If wax in the ear canal obscures a clear view of the eardrum it should be removed using a blunt cerumen curette or a wire loop. Also, an upset
494:
Acute otitis media in children with moderate to severe bulging of the tympanic membrane or new onset of otorrhea (drainage) is not due to external otitis. Also, the diagnosis may be made in children who have mild bulging of the ear drum and recent onset of ear pain (less than 48 hours) or intense
1307:
contrasts. Australian
Aboriginal languages thus seem to show similarities to the speech of people with hearing loss, and avoid those sounds and distinctions which are difficult for people with early childhood hearing loss to perceive. At the same time, Australian languages make full use of those
1262:
Periods of conductive hearing loss from otitis media may have a detrimental effect on speech development in children. Some studies have linked otitis media to learning problems, attention disorders, and problems with social adaptation. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that individuals with
607:
Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is a long-term middle ear inflammation causing persistent ear discharge due to a perforated eardrum. It often follows an unresolved upper respiratory infection leading to acute otitis media. Prolonged inflammation leads to middle ear swelling, ulceration,
1040:
Topical antibiotics are of uncertain benefit as of 2020. Some evidence suggests that topical antibiotics may be useful either alone or with antibiotics by mouth. Antiseptics are of unclear effect. Topical antibiotics (quinolones) are probably better at resolving ear discharge than antiseptics.
501:
or tympanitis) have to be identified; signs of these are fullness, bulging, cloudiness and redness of the eardrum. It is important to attempt to differentiate between acute otitis media and otitis media with effusion (OME), as antibiotics are not recommended for OME. It has been suggested that
1271:
Acute otitis media is very common in childhood. It is the most common condition for which medical care is provided in children under five years of age in the US. Acute otitis media affects 11% of people each year (709 million cases) with half occurring in those below five years. Chronic
981:
Oral antibiotics should not be used to treat uncomplicated acute tympanostomy tube otorrhea. They are not sufficient for the bacteria that cause this condition and have side effects including increased risk of opportunistic infection. In contrast, topical antibiotic eardrops are useful.
765:
For bilateral acute otitis media in infants younger than 24 months, there is evidence that the benefits of antibiotics outweigh the harms. A 2015 Cochrane review concluded that watchful waiting is the preferred approach for children over six months with non severe acute otitis media.
1238:
and the ear drum nearly always heals. An option for severe acute otitis media in which analgesics are not controlling ear pain is to perform a tympanocentesis, i.e., needle aspiration through the tympanic membrane to relieve the ear pain and to identify the causative organism(s).
2339:
646:
AOM is far less common in breastfed infants than in formula-fed infants, and the greatest protection is associated with exclusive breastfeeding (no formula use) for the first six months of life. A longer duration of breastfeeding is correlated with a longer protective effect.
201:), typically not associated with symptoms, although occasionally a feeling of fullness is described; it is defined as the presence of non-infectious fluid in the middle ear which may persist for weeks or months often after an episode of acute otitis media.
209:) is middle ear inflammation that results in a perforated tympanic membrane with discharge from the ear for more than six weeks. It may be a complication of acute otitis media. Pain is rarely present. All three types of otitis media may be associated with
934:
910:
891:
867:
848:
829:
810:
2964:
Owen MJ, Baldwin CD, Swank PR, Pannu AK, Johnson DL, Howie VM (November 1993). "Relation of infant feeding practices, cigarette smoke exposure, and group child care to the onset and duration of otitis media with effusion in the first two years of life".
5673:
5654:
1272:
suppurative otitis media affects about 5% or 31 million of these cases with 22.6% of cases occurring annually under the age of five years. Otitis media resulted in 2,400 deaths in 2013 – down from 4,900 deaths in 1990.
1308:
distinctions, namely place of articulation distinctions, which people with otitis media-caused hearing loss can perceive more easily. This hypothesis has been challenged on historical, comparative, statistical, and medical grounds.
2102:"Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188 countries, 1990β2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013"
1302:
may be due to the very high presence of otitis media ear infections and resulting hearing loss in their populations. People with hearing loss often have trouble distinguishing different vowels and hearing fricatives and
425:
As its typical symptoms overlap with other conditions, such as acute external otitis, symptoms alone are not sufficient to predict whether acute otitis media is present; it has to be complemented by visualization of the
753:
Use of antibiotics for acute otitis media has benefits and harms. As over 82% of acute episodes settle without treatment, about 20 children must be treated to prevent one case of ear pain, 33 children to prevent one
2809:
567:
due to negative pressure produced by dysfunction of the
Eustachian tube. This can be associated with a viral upper respiratory infection (URI) or bacterial infection such as otitis media. An effusion can cause
599:, and greater amounts of time spent in group child care, particularly those with a large number of children. These risk factors increase the incidence and duration of OME during the first two years of life.
1666:"Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980β2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015"
315:
with CSOM is estimated at 65β330 million people. Before the age of ten OME affects about 80% of children at some point. Otitis media resulted in 3,200 deaths in 2015 β down from 4,900 deaths in 1990.
358:
Discharge from the ear can be caused by acute otitis media with perforation of the eardrum, chronic suppurative otitis media, tympanostomy tube otorrhea, or acute otitis externa. Trauma, such as a
4324:
4303:
1060:
called the
Galbreath technique was evaluated in one randomized controlled clinical trial; one reviewer concluded that it was promising, but a 2010 evidence report found the evidence inconclusive.
1614:"Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990β2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015"
1017:
and decongestants in children with OME. In less severe cases or those without significant hearing impairment, the effusion can resolve spontaneously or with more conservative measures such as
2196:"Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990β2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013"
901:
Antibiotics causes little or no reduction to the chance of experiencing the outcome when compared with placebo for acute otitis media in children. Data are based on high quality evidence.
801:
Antibiotics causes little or no reduction to the chance of experiencing the outcome when compared with placebo for acute otitis media in children. Data are based on high quality evidence.
3852:
762:
may relieve pain, if present. For people requiring surgery to treat otitis media with effusion, preventative antibiotics may not help reduce the risk of post-surgical complications.
5821:
5519:
963:
after 2β3 days of treatment a change in therapy may be considered. Azithromycin appears to have less side effects than either high dose amoxicillin or amoxicillin/clavulanate.
662:
for this purpose alone. PCV does not appear to decrease the risk of otitis media when given to high-risk infants or for older children who have previously experienced otitis media.
618:, CSOM is a primary cause of hearing loss in children. Adults with recurrent episodes of CSOM have a higher risk of developing permanent conductive and sensorineural hearing loss.
1896:
2500:
Patel MM, Eisenberg L, Witsell D, Schulz KA (October 2008). "Assessment of acute otitis externa and otitis media with effusion performance measures in otolaryngology practices".
729:. A 2023 review found evidence for the effectiveness of single or combinations of oral pain relief in acute otitis media is lacking. Topical agents shown to be effective include
653:(PCV) in early infancy decrease the risk of acute otitis media in healthy infants. PCV is recommended for all children, and, if implemented broadly, PCV would have a significant
4257:
Browning GG, Rovers MM, Williamson I, Lous J, Burton MJ (October 2010). "Grommets (ventilation tubes) for hearing loss associated with otitis media with effusion in children".
858:
Antibiotics probably reduces the chance of experiencing the outcome when compared with placebo for acute otitis media in children. Data are based on moderate quality evidence.
1255:. Globally approximately 141 million people have mild hearing loss due to otitis media (2.1% of the population). This is more common in males (2.3%) than females (1.8%).
5396:
Gouma P, Mallis A, Daniilidis V, Gouveris H, Armenakis N, Naxakis S (January 2011). "Behavioral trends in young children with conductive hearing loss: a case-control study".
925:
Antibiotics slightly increases the chance of experiencing the outcome when compared with placebo for acute otitis media in children. Data are based on high quality evidence.
2312:
1806:
882:
Antibiotics slightly reduces the chance of experiencing the outcome when compared with placebo for acute otitis media in children. Data are based on high quality evidence.
839:
Antibiotics slightly reduces the chance of experiencing the outcome when compared with placebo for acute otitis media in children. Data are based on high quality evidence.
820:
Antibiotics slightly reduces the chance of experiencing the outcome when compared with placebo for acute otitis media in children. Data are based on high quality evidence.
4328:
4996:
745:
in children resolve without treatment in three days and 90% resolve in seven or eight days. The use of steroids is not supported by the evidence for acute otitis media.
758:, and 11 children to prevent one opposite-side ear infection. For every 14 children treated with antibiotics, one child has an episode of vomiting, diarrhea or a rash.
559:(OME), also known as serous otitis media (SOM) or secretory otitis media (SOM), and colloquially referred to as 'glue ear,' is fluid accumulation that can occur in the
2297:
189:
of rapid onset that usually presents with ear pain. In young children this may result in pulling at the ear, increased crying, and poor sleep. Decreased eating and a
1247:
Children with recurrent episodes of acute otitis media and those with otitis media with effusion or chronic suppurative otitis media have higher risks of developing
2256:
516:
young child's crying can cause the eardrum to look inflamed due to distension of the small blood vessels on it, mimicking the redness associated with otitis media.
5590:. 176th Meeting of Acoustical Society of America. 177th Meeting of the Acoustical Society of America. Vol. 35. Acoustical Society of America. p. 060004.
2835:
Benninger MS (March 2008). "Acute bacterial rhinosinusitis and otitis media: changes in pathogenicity following widespread use of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine".
401:
By reflux or aspiration of unwanted secretions from the nasopharynx into the normally sterile middle-ear space, the fluid may then become infected β usually with
5209:
Roberts K (June 1997). "A preliminary account of the effect of otitis media on 15-month-olds' categorization and some implications for early language learning".
4903:
Jacobs J, Springer DA, Crothers D (February 2001). "Homeopathic treatment of acute otitis media in children: a preliminary randomized placebo-controlled trial".
5353:
Bidadi S, Nejadkazem M, Naderpour M (November 2008). "The relationship between chronic otitis media-induced hearing loss and the acquisition of social skills".
5109:"Years lived with disability (YLDs) for 1160 sequelae of 289 diseases and injuries 1990β2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010"
4455:
Wallace IF, Berkman ND, Lohr KN, Harrison MF, Kimple AJ, Steiner MJ (February 2014). "Surgical treatments for otitis media with effusion: a systematic review".
4113:
Hum SW, Shaikh KJ, Musa SS, Shaikh N (December 2019). "Adverse Events of
Antibiotics Used to Treat Acute Otitis Media in Children: A Systematic Meta-Analysis".
2422:
Laine MK, TΓ€htinen PA, Ruuskanen O, Huovinen P, Ruohola A (May 2010). "Symptoms or symptom-based scores cannot predict acute otitis media at otitis-prone age".
4975:
6220:
2465:
Shaikh N, Hoberman A, Kaleida PH, Ploof DL, Paradise JL (May 2010). "Videos in clinical medicine. Diagnosing otitis media β otoscopy and cerumen removal".
2271:
5814:
1612:
Vos T, Allen C, Arora M, Barber RM, Bhutta ZA, Brown A, et al. (GBD 2015 Disease and Injury
Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators) (October 2016).
3223:
Pukander J, Luotonen J, Timonen M, Karma P (1985). "Risk factors affecting the occurrence of acute otitis media among 2β3-year-old urban children".
666:
associated with increased risk of development, recurrence, and persistent MEE. Pacifier use has been associated with more frequent episodes of AOM.
611:
Worldwide approximately 11% of the human population is affected by AOM every year, or 709 million cases. About 4.4% of the population develop CSOM.
2100:
Vos T, Barber RM, Bell B, Bertozzi-Villa A, Biryukov S, Bolliger I, et al. (Global Burden of
Disease Study 2013 Collaborators) (August 2015).
5563:
978:
after children have grommets inserted may be low. It is still uncertain whether or not grommets are more effective than a course of antibiotics.
942:
Most children older than 6 months of age who have acute otitis media do not benefit from treatment with antibiotics. If antibiotics are used, a
502:
bulging of the tympanic membrane is the best sign to differentiate AOM from OME, with a bulging of the membrane suggesting AOM rather than OME.
5586:
Butcher AR (2018). "The special nature of
Australian phonologies: Why auditory constraints on human language sound systems are not universal".
1664:
Wang H, Naghavi M, Allen C, Barber RM, Bhutta ZA, Carter A, et al. (GBD 2015 Mortality and Causes of Death
Collaborators) (October 2016).
1514:
1049:
5490:
6012:
5807:
3811:
3050:
3022:
2819:
2374:
2349:
2322:
2281:
3547:"Paracetamol (acetaminophen) or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, alone or combined, for pain relief in acute otitis media in children"
1785:
5439:
Yilmaz S, Karasalihoglu AR, Tas A, Yagiz R, Tas M (February 2006). "Otoacoustic emissions in young adults with a history of otitis media".
3972:
Coon ER, Quinonez RA, Morgan DJ, Dhruva SS, Ho T, Money N, et al. (April 2019). "2018 Update on
Pediatric Medical Overuse: A Review".
2886:
5511:
3677:
1259:
a cholesteatoma or granulation tissue is present in the middle ear, the degree of hearing loss and ossicular destruction is even greater.
3763:"No evidence for the effectiveness of systemic corticosteroids in acute pharyngitis, community-acquired pneumonia and acute otitis media"
1888:
730:
4640:
Blanshard JD, Maw AR, Bawden R (June 1993). "Conservative treatment of otitis media with effusion by autoinflation of the middle ear".
990:
The decision to treat is usually made after a combination of physical exam and laboratory diagnosis, with additional testing including
5061:
Jung TT, Alper CM, Hellstrom SO, Hunter LL, Casselbrant ML, Groth A, et al. (April 2013). "Panel 8: Complications and sequelae".
3005:
Acuin J, WHO Dept. of Child and Adolescent Health and Development, WHO Programme for the Prevention of Blindness and Deafness (2004).
1170:
1057:
2740:
2170:
669:
Long-term antibiotics, while they decrease rates of infection during treatment, have an unknown effect on long-term outcomes such as
387:
344:
249:
2400:
4722:
van den Aardweg MT, Schilder AG, Herkert E, Boonacker CW, Rovers MM (January 2010). "Adenoidectomy for otitis media in children".
256:. Looking at the eardrum is important for making the correct diagnosis. Signs of AOM include bulging or a lack of movement of the
1817:
4307:
1299:
4434:
4017:"Once or twice daily versus three times daily amoxicillin with or without clavulanate for the treatment of acute otitis media"
434:
with a rubber bulb attached to assess the mobility of the tympanic membrane. Other methods to diagnose otitis media is with a
417:
339:, reduced hearing during periods of illness, tenderness on touch of the skin above the ear, purulent discharge from the ears,
2942:
1283:
741:, either nasal or oral, are not recommended due to the lack of benefit and concerns regarding side effects. Half of cases of
650:
1198:
Complications of acute otitis media consists of perforation of the ear drum, infection of the mastoid space behind the ear (
4805:
Head K, Chong LY, Bhutta MF, Morris PS, Vijayasekaran S, Burton MJ, et al. (January 2020). Cochrane ENT Group (ed.).
1223:
1072:
1009:. Decongestants, glucocorticoids, and topical antibiotics are generally not effective as treatment for non-infectious, or
975:
674:
495:
erythema (redness) of the ear drum. To confirm the diagnosis, middle-ear effusion and inflammation of the eardrum (called
5156:
da Costa SS, Rosito LP, Dornelles C (February 2009). "Sensorineural hearing loss in patients with chronic otitis media".
6235:
4756:
Brennan-Jones CG, Head K, Chong LY, Burton MJ, Schilder AG, Bhutta MF, et al. (Cochrane ENT Group) (January 2020).
3637:
Coleman C, Moore M (July 2008). Coleman C (ed.). "Decongestants and antihistamines for acute otitis media in children".
631:
5886:
3594:
Sattout A (February 2008). "Best evidence topic reports. Bet 1. The role of topical analgesia in acute otitis media".
4854:
Head K, Chong LY, Bhutta MF, Morris PS, Vijayasekaran S, Burton MJ, et al. (Cochrane ENT Group) (January 2020).
2911:
Rosenfeld RM, Culpepper L, Yawn B, Mahoney MC (June 2004). "Otitis media with effusion clinical practice guideline".
1032:
as it shows a significant benefit as far as the resolution of middle ear effusion in children with OME is concerned.
2765:
Roberts DB (April 1980). "The etiology of bullous myringitis and the role of mycoplasmas in ear disease: a review".
1844:"Diagnosis, microbial epidemiology, and antibiotic treatment of acute otitis media in children: a systematic review"
1252:
1006:
951:
943:
465:
343:, ear blocking sensation and diarrhea (in infants). Since an episode of otitis media is usually precipitated by an
6178:
6005:
615:
363:
3876:
Venekamp RP, Sanders SL, Glasziou PP, Rovers MM (2023-11-15). "Antibiotics for acute otitis media in children".
1925:
Venekamp RP, Sanders SL, Glasziou PP, Rovers MM (2023-11-15). "Antibiotics for acute otitis media in children".
5891:
5716:
5482:
5249:"Identification of children in the first four years of life for early treatment for otitis media with effusion"
526:
1068:
6135:
5908:
5298:"Topical antibiotics without steroids for chronically discharging ears with underlying eardrum perforations"
1279:
1248:
577:
569:
366:(discharge of CSF from the ear) due to cerebral spinal drainage from the brain and its covering (meninges).
4939:
3433:
1211:
530:
359:
237:
2341:
Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics E-Book: Expert Consult Premium Edition - Enhanced Online Features and Print
5915:
4990:
4593:"Oral or topical nasal steroids for hearing loss associated with otitis media with effusion in children"
2273:
Fast Facts Handbook for Pediatric Primary Care: A Guide for Nurse Practitioners and Physician Assistants
2237:
1402:
Lieberthal AS, Carroll AE, Chonmaitree T, Ganiats TG, Hoberman A, Jackson MA, et al. (March 2013).
1295:
1275:
955:
543:
536:
5554:
3810:
Ranakusuma RW, Pitoyo Y, Safitri ED, Thorning S, Beller EM, Sastroasmoro S, et al. (March 2018).
5998:
2602:
Schilder AG, Chonmaitree T, Cripps AW, Rosenfeld RM, Casselbrant ML, Haggard MP, et al. (2016).
2049:
1506:
1203:
1056:
treatments have not been proven to be effective for acute otitis media in a study with children. An
268:
241:
3545:
de SΓ©vaux J, Damoiseaux RA, van de Pol AC, Lutje V, Hay AD, Little P, et al. (18 August 2023).
3069:
Fortanier AC, Venekamp RP, Boonacker CW, Hak E, Schilder AG, Sanders EA, et al. (28 May 2019).
6225:
5903:
5677:
5247:
Simpson SA, Thomas CL, van der Linden MK, Macmillan H, van der Wouden JC, Butler C (January 2007).
4498:
Rosenfeld RM, Schwartz SR, Pynnonen MA, Tunkel DE, Hussey HM, Fichera JS, et al. (July 2013).
4347:
Rosenfeld RM, Schwartz SR, Pynnonen MA, Tunkel DE, Hussey HM, Fichera JS, et al. (July 2013).
505:
Viral otitis may result in blisters on the external side of the tympanic membrane, which is called
77:
4395:
Rosenfeld RM, Shin JJ, Schwartz SR, Coggins R, Gagnon L, Hackell JM, et al. (February 2016).
2684:
55:
6230:
6090:
5972:
5925:
5464:
5421:
5378:
5191:
5086:
4967:
4480:
4426:
4278:
4138:
3997:
3694:
3686:
3619:
3283:
3205:
2860:
2790:
2525:
2447:
2291:
1842:
Coker TR, Chan LS, Newberry SJ, Limbos MA, Suttorp MJ, Shekelle PG, et al. (November 2010).
1757:
1738:
1287:
507:
304:
84:
5614:"AAP, AAFP, AAO-HNS release guideline on diagnosis and management of otitis media with effusion"
2878:
405:. The virus that caused the initial upper respiratory infection can itself be identified as the
2036:
Monasta L, Ronfani L, Marchetti F, Montico M, Vecchi Brumatti L, Bavcar A, et al. (2012).
1972:
Venekamp RP, Burton MJ, van Dongen TM, van der Heijden GJ, van Zon A, Schilder AG (June 2016).
587:
Early-onset OME is associated with feeding of infants while lying down, early entry into group
5756:
5727:
5625:
5456:
5413:
5370:
5335:
5317:
5278:
5226:
5183:
5138:
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4885:
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4521:
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4370:
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4236:
4192:
4130:
4095:
4046:
3989:
3954:
3905:
3893:
3844:
3792:
3743:
3669:
3650:
3611:
3576:
3527:
3478:
3422:
3373:
3324:
3275:
3240:
3197:
3162:
3108:
3090:
3046:
3018:
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2920:
2852:
2815:
2782:
2732:
2641:
2623:
2584:
2566:
2517:
2482:
2439:
2370:
2345:
2318:
2277:
2225:
2162:
2131:
2077:
2003:
1954:
1942:
1865:
1777:
1730:
1695:
1643:
1594:
1481:
1425:
1304:
1022:
971:
658:
564:
484:
427:
272:
257:
72:
64:
2906:
2904:
2808:
Kline MW, Blaney SM, Giardino AP, Orange JS, Penny DJ, Schutze GE, et al. (2018-08-21).
228:. Either bacteria or viruses may be involved. Risk factors include exposure to smoke, use of
6240:
6143:
6105:
5930:
5591:
5448:
5405:
5362:
5325:
5309:
5268:
5260:
5218:
5173:
5165:
5128:
5120:
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5023:
4951:
4912:
4875:
4867:
4826:
4818:
4777:
4769:
4727:
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4612:
4604:
4563:
4555:
4511:
4464:
4408:
4360:
4262:
4226:
4182:
4174:
4122:
4085:
4077:
4036:
4028:
3981:
3944:
3936:
3901:
3885:
3834:
3826:
3782:
3774:
3733:
3725:
3661:
3642:
3603:
3566:
3558:
3517:
3509:
3468:
3460:
3412:
3404:
3363:
3355:
3314:
3267:
3232:
3189:
3152:
3144:
3098:
3082:
3010:
2974:
2844:
2774:
2724:
2631:
2615:
2574:
2556:
2509:
2474:
2431:
2215:
2207:
2121:
2113:
2067:
2057:
1993:
1985:
1950:
1934:
1855:
1769:
1722:
1685:
1677:
1633:
1625:
1584:
1576:
1471:
1461:
1415:
469:
421:
Perforation of the right tympanic membrane resulting from previous severe acute otitis media
379:
1052:
is not recommended for otitis media with effusion because there is no evidence of benefit.
6215:
5107:
Vos T, Flaxman AD, Naghavi M, Lozano R, Michaud C, Ezzati M, et al. (December 2012).
4319:
4315:
3344:"Antibiotics for the prevention of acute and chronic suppurative otitis media in children"
2709:
2249:
2150:
375:
352:
1214:. It is estimated that each year 21,000 people die due to complications of otitis media.
4699:
4676:
4041:
4016:
3571:
3546:
3368:
3343:
2396:
2053:
6194:
5853:
5799:
5682:
5330:
5297:
5273:
5248:
5133:
5108:
5038:
5011:
4880:
4855:
4831:
4806:
4782:
4757:
4653:
4617:
4592:
4568:
4543:
4187:
4162:
4090:
4065:
3949:
3924:
3839:
3787:
3762:
3738:
3713:
3522:
3497:
3473:
3448:
3417:
3392:
3301:
Rovers MM, Numans ME, Langenbach E, Grobbee DE, Verheij TJ, Schilder AG (August 2008).
3157:
3132:
3103:
3070:
2636:
2603:
2579:
2544:
2220:
2195:
2126:
2101:
2072:
2037:
1998:
1973:
1690:
1665:
1638:
1613:
1589:
1564:
1476:
1449:
717:
are the mainstay for the treatment of pain caused by otitis media. Oral agents include
261:
5706:
5702:
5698:
5694:
5690:
5686:
5124:
4544:"Antihistamines and/or decongestants for otitis media with effusion (OME) in children"
3496:
Scott AM, Clark J, Julien B, Islam F, Roos K, Grimwood K, et al. (18 June 2019).
3193:
2978:
2545:"Etiology, Diagnosis, Complications, and Management of Acute Otitis Media in Children"
2211:
2117:
1773:
1681:
1629:
691:
supplementation as an effort to reduce otitis rates except maybe in those with severe
311:
may increase resolution of symptoms, but may cause diarrhoea, vomiting and skin rash.
6209:
6148:
5881:
5090:
4971:
4916:
4142:
3985:
3714:"Duration of symptoms of respiratory tract infections in children: systematic review"
2864:
1325:
1207:
1029:
1018:
1014:
999:
928:
904:
885:
861:
842:
823:
804:
738:
734:
654:
596:
480:
458:
439:
276:
245:
225:
214:
5767:
5710:
5468:
5425:
5382:
4430:
4282:
4001:
3623:
3209:
2794:
2529:
1742:
6037:
5977:
5951:
5313:
5264:
5195:
4871:
4822:
4773:
4731:
4689:
4608:
4559:
4484:
4396:
4266:
4178:
4081:
4032:
3940:
3889:
3830:
3665:
3646:
3562:
3513:
3464:
3408:
3359:
3287:
3180:
Rovers MM, Schilder AG, Zielhuis GA, Rosenfeld RM (February 2004). "Otitis media".
3148:
3086:
1989:
1938:
959:
692:
670:
435:
391:
340:
210:
170:
3712:
Thompson M, Vodicka TA, Blair PS, Buckley DI, Heneghan C, Hay AD (December 2013).
2938:
2451:
2270:
CPNP Kristine M. Ruggiero, PhD, MSN, RN, PA-C Michael Ruggiero, MHS (2020-09-14).
2038:"Burden of disease caused by otitis media: systematic review and global estimates"
5721:
5366:
4955:
2848:
2513:
2062:
1290:
suffer from significant hearing loss. Andrew Butcher speculates that the lack of
6163:
6120:
6047:
6042:
6021:
5898:
5830:
5751:
4126:
3007:
Chronic suppurative otitis media : burden of illness and management options
1199:
995:
947:
755:
722:
454:
383:
308:
300:
284:
133:
110:
97:
Acute otitis media, otitis media with effusion, chronic suppurative otitis media
5787:
5732:
5613:
3071:"Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines for preventing acute otitis media in children"
2728:
1726:
6110:
6052:
5868:
5858:
5837:
5783:
5779:
5775:
5771:
5452:
5409:
5169:
3778:
3303:"Is pacifier use a risk factor for acute otitis media? A dynamic cohort study"
3236:
3133:"Influenza vaccines for preventing acute otitis media in infants and children"
1053:
991:
714:
673:. This method of prevention has been associated with emergence of undesirable
588:
581:
560:
488:
473:
450:
292:
233:
174:
141:
128:
5321:
5074:
4856:"Antibiotics versus topical antiseptics for chronic suppurative otitis media"
4516:
4499:
4413:
4365:
4348:
3897:
3393:"Xylitol for preventing acute otitis media in children up to 12 years of age"
3094:
2627:
2570:
2166:
1946:
6173:
6168:
5845:
5833:
5762:
5667:
5663:
5483:"Damien Howard & Dianne Hampton, "Ear disease and Aboriginal families,"
3607:
3319:
3302:
1291:
1235:
1231:
759:
718:
702:
288:
280:
253:
229:
186:
137:
5629:
5460:
5417:
5374:
5339:
5282:
5222:
5187:
5142:
5082:
5047:
5028:
4963:
4924:
4889:
4840:
4791:
4739:
4708:
4677:"Autoinflation for hearing loss associated with otitis media with effusion"
4626:
4577:
4525:
4476:
4468:
4422:
4374:
4274:
4240:
4231:
4214:
4213:
Steele DW, Adam GP, Di M, Halladay CH, Balk EM, Trikalinos TA (June 2017).
4196:
4163:"Grommets (ventilation tubes) for recurrent acute otitis media in children"
4134:
4099:
4050:
3993:
3958:
3909:
3848:
3796:
3747:
3673:
3654:
3615:
3580:
3531:
3482:
3426:
3377:
3328:
3271:
3201:
3166:
3112:
2924:
2856:
2736:
2659:
2645:
2588:
2521:
2486:
2478:
2443:
2435:
2229:
2135:
2081:
2007:
1958:
1869:
1860:
1843:
1781:
1734:
1699:
1647:
1598:
1485:
1429:
1420:
1403:
1282:
largely due to the massive incidence of middle ear disease among the young
634:
becomes sucked into the middle-ear space and stuck (i.e., adherent) to the
5230:
4940:"Galbreath technique: a manipulative treatment for otitis media revisited"
4661:
3683:. If this is an intentional citation to a retracted paper, please replace
3279:
3244:
2986:
2786:
2778:
323:
6125:
6085:
5967:
5946:
4675:
Perera R, Glasziou PP, Heneghan CJ, McLellan J, Williamson I (May 2013).
2619:
2561:
1758:"Necessity versus sufficiency: the role of input in language acquisition"
1026:
742:
696:
573:
556:
445:
In more severe cases, such as those with associated hearing loss or high
431:
406:
402:
5178:
1013:, causes of mastoid effusion. Moreover, it is recommended against using
17:
6100:
6095:
6075:
6062:
5873:
4215:"Effectiveness of Tympanostomy Tubes for Otitis Media: A Meta-analysis"
3014:
1466:
1002:
726:
681:
635:
592:
476:
461:
395:
332:
296:
221:
5646:
5596:
3729:
1713:
Emmett SD, Kokesh J, Kaylie D (November 2018). "Chronic Ear Disease".
1580:
6115:
5658:
2194:
GBD 2013 Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators (January 2015).
1448:
Qureishi A, Lee Y, Belfield K, Birchall JP, Daniel M (January 2014).
1010:
307:
may decrease recurrence. In children with otitis media with effusion
5010:
Bronfort G, Haas M, Evans R, Leininger B, Triano J (February 2010).
3925:"Antibiotic prophylaxis in clean and clean-contaminated ear surgery"
3043:
Breastfeeding : a guide for the medical profession, 8th edition
2338:
Kliegman RM, Stanton BF, III JW, Schor NF, Behrman RE (2011-06-10).
374:
The common cause of all forms of otitis media is dysfunction of the
5556:
Lend Me Your Ears: Otitis Media and Aboriginal Australian languages
3767:
European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases
705:
do not show evidence of preventing acute otitis media in children.
6153:
6080:
6070:
6029:
4397:"Clinical Practice Guideline: Otitis Media with Effusion (Update)"
2708:
Shaikh N, Hoberman A, Rockette HE, Kurs-Lasky M (March 28, 2012).
2314:
Ear Health 101: The Complete Guide to Understanding Ear Infections
1333:
1169:
1067:
684:
may reduce infection rates in healthy children who go to daycare.
446:
348:
336:
322:
190:
4015:
Thanaviratananich S, Laopaiboon M, Vatanasapt P (December 2013).
1202:), and more rarely intracranial complications can occur, such as
524:
The most common bacteria isolated from the middle ear in AOM are
267:
A number of measures decrease the risk of otitis media including
1569:
GMS Current Topics in Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery
688:
5994:
5803:
4064:
Kozyrskyj A, Klassen TP, Moffatt M, Harvey K (September 2010).
2710:"Development of an algorithm for the diagnosis of otitis media"
1807:"Ear disease in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children"
622:
year 21,000 people worldwide die due to complications of CSOM.
355:. One might also experience a feeling of fullness in the ear.
5990:
3761:
Principi N, Bianchini S, Baggi E, Esposito S (February 2013).
2939:"Otitis media with effusion: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia"
1227:
4500:"Clinical practice guideline: Tympanostomy tubes in children"
4349:"Clinical practice guideline: Tympanostomy tubes in children"
3812:"Systemic corticosteroids for acute otitis media in children"
5512:"Farah Farouque, "Hearing loss hits NT indigenous inmates,"
4591:
Simpson SA, Lewis R, van der Voort J, Butler CC (May 2011).
1077:
468:
can be used to assess for associated complications, such as
248:. OME frequently occurs following AOM and may be related to
5012:"Effectiveness of manual therapies: the UK evidence report"
4807:"Topical antiseptics for chronic suppurative otitis media"
4758:"Topical antibiotics for chronic suppurative otitis media"
3498:"Probiotics for preventing acute otitis media in children"
2367:
Eustachian tube: structure, function, role in otitis media
4325:
American Academy of OtolaryngologyβHead and Neck Surgery
4304:
American Academy of OtolaryngologyβHead and Neck Surgery
1974:"Antibiotics for otitis media with effusion in children"
1889:"Otitis Media: Physician Information Sheet (Pediatrics)"
1222:
In severe or untreated cases, the tympanic membrane may
954:
may be associated with more adverse events. If there is
572:
if it interferes with the transmission of vibrations of
213:. If children with hearing loss due to OME do not learn
4161:
Venekamp RP, Mick P, Schilder AG, Nunez DA (May 2018).
1075:
for otitis media per 100,000 inhabitants in 2004.
1762:
International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology
4537:
4535:
4308:"Five Things Physicians and Patients Should Question"
3258:
Etzel RA (February 1987). "Smoke and ear effusions".
1174:
Deaths from otitis media per million persons in 2012
680:
There is moderate evidence that the sugar substitute
347:(URTI), there are often accompanying symptoms like a
5636:
3342:
Leach AJ, Morris PS (October 2006). Leach AJ (ed.).
1404:"The diagnosis and management of acute otitis media"
6187:
6134:
6061:
6028:
5960:
5939:
5867:
5844:
5742:
5640:
4944:
The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association
3391:Azarpazhooh A, Lawrence HP, Shah PS (August 2016).
2390:
2388:
2386:
1450:"Update on otitis media β prevention and treatment"
156:
148:
127:
119:
109:
101:
93:
83:
71:
42:
37:
3923:Verschuur HP, de Wever WW, van Benthem PP (2004).
5211:Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research
4066:"Short-course antibiotics for acute otitis media"
260:from a puff of air. New discharge not related to
5102:
5100:
4390:
4388:
4386:
3045:. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier. pp. 216β217.
2543:Jamal A, Alsabea A, Tarakmeh M, Safar A (2022).
67:which is typical in a case of acute otitis media
5296:Macfadyen CA, Acuin JM, Gamble C (2005-10-19).
4156:
4154:
4152:
3036:
3034:
2369:. Hamilton, London: BC Decker. pp. 1β219.
958:or use of amoxicillin in the last 30 days then
3449:"Zinc supplements for preventing otitis media"
3131:Norhayati MN, Ho JJ, Azman MY (October 2017).
6006:
5815:
5485:Aboriginal and Islander Health Worker Journal
4995:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of March 2024 (
378:. This is usually due to inflammation of the
331:The primary symptom of acute otitis media is
49:: serous otitis media, secretory otitis media
8:
2296:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2095:
2093:
2091:
1501:
1499:
1497:
1495:
1397:
1395:
1393:
1391:
1389:
1387:
1385:
1383:
1381:
1379:
1377:
1375:
1373:
1371:
1369:
193:may also be present. The other main type is
5302:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
5253:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
4860:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
4811:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
4762:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
4724:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
4681:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
4642:Clinical Otolaryngology and Allied Sciences
4597:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
4548:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
4259:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
4167:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
4070:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
4021:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
3929:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
3878:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
3819:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
3639:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
3551:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
3453:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
3397:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
3348:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
3137:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
3075:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
2276:. Springer Publishing Company. p. 28.
1978:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
1927:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
1883:
1881:
1879:
1659:
1657:
1367:
1365:
1363:
1361:
1359:
1357:
1355:
1353:
1351:
1349:
6013:
5999:
5991:
5822:
5808:
5800:
5637:
5398:European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology
5158:European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology
4751:
4749:
4298:
4296:
4294:
4292:
3697:|...|intentional=yes}}
3126:
3124:
3122:
2664:ViΓͺm tai giα»―a - TαΊ₯t cαΊ£ nhα»―ng Δiα»u cαΊ§n biαΊΏt
2031:
2029:
2027:
2025:
2023:
2021:
2019:
2017:
1558:
1556:
1554:
1552:
1230:in the middle-ear space to drain into the
768:
54:
34:
5595:
5329:
5272:
5177:
5132:
5037:
5027:
4879:
4830:
4781:
4698:
4688:
4616:
4567:
4515:
4412:
4364:
4230:
4208:
4206:
4186:
4089:
4040:
3948:
3838:
3786:
3737:
3570:
3521:
3472:
3416:
3367:
3318:
3156:
3102:
2635:
2578:
2560:
2219:
2189:
2187:
2125:
2071:
2061:
1997:
1859:
1689:
1637:
1588:
1565:"Diseases of the middle ear in childhood"
1550:
1548:
1546:
1544:
1542:
1540:
1538:
1536:
1534:
1532:
1475:
1465:
1419:
630:Adhesive otitis media occurs when a thin
279:, and avoiding tobacco smoke. The use of
220:The cause of AOM is related to childhood
4905:The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal
3000:
2998:
2996:
2255:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1443:
1441:
1439:
416:
217:, it may affect their ability to learn.
5540:
3502:Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
1345:
283:for AOM is important. This may include
5441:The Journal of Laryngology and Otology
4988:
4542:Griffin G, Flynn CA (September 2011).
2289:
2245:
2235:
1899:from the original on 10 September 2015
1756:Ruben RJ, Schwartz R (February 1999).
1050:Complementary and alternative medicine
5522:from the original on 6 September 2023
5242:
5240:
4252:
4250:
3064:
3062:
3009:. Geneve: World Health Organization.
2945:from the original on 17 February 2017
2941:. U.S. National Library of Medicine.
2889:from the original on 13 November 2012
2746:from the original on October 26, 2020
1920:
1918:
1916:
1914:
1517:from the original on 19 February 2015
7:
5588:Proceedings of Meetings on Acoustics
5355:OtolaryngologyβHead and Neck Surgery
5063:OtolaryngologyβHead and Neck Surgery
4504:OtolaryngologyβHead and Neck Surgery
4401:OtolaryngologyβHead and Neck Surgery
4353:OtolaryngologyβHead and Neck Surgery
2837:OtolaryngologyβHead and Neck Surgery
2502:OtolaryngologyβHead and Neck Surgery
1715:The Medical Clinics of North America
675:antibiotic-resistant otitic bacteria
303:. In those with frequent infections
4938:Pratt-Harrington D (October 2000).
2467:The New England Journal of Medicine
1328:for "inflammation of the ear", and
731:antipyrine and benzocaine ear drops
638:and other bones of the middle ear.
6221:Diseases of middle ear and mastoid
4654:10.1111/j.1365-2273.1993.tb00827.x
3447:Gulani A, Sachdev HS (June 2014).
2811:Rudolph's Pediatrics, 23rd Edition
2403:from the original on 28 March 2013
2151:"Chronic suppurative otitis media"
1058:osteopathic manipulation technique
335:; other possible symptoms include
250:viral upper respiratory infections
25:
4334:from the original on May 13, 2015
388:upper respiratory tract infection
386:, which can be caused by a viral
345:upper respiratory tract infection
4917:10.1097/00006454-200102000-00012
3986:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2018.5550
3432:
1036:Chronic suppurative otitis media
603:Chronic suppurative otitis media
595:, lack or too short a period of
430:. Examiners may use a pneumatic
236:. It occurs more commonly among
203:Chronic suppurative otitis media
5569:from the original on 2023-10-10
5493:from the original on 2023-10-16
5487:, July-August 2006, 30 (4) p.9"
4978:from the original on 2023-05-24
4437:from the original on 2019-03-06
3858:from the original on 2020-10-30
2608:Nature Reviews. Disease Primers
2173:from the original on 2020-10-20
1788:from the original on 2018-06-14
1025:can be inserted, possibly with
651:Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines
578:vestibulocochlear nerve complex
177:. One of the two main types is
5314:10.1002/14651858.CD004618.pub2
5265:10.1002/14651858.CD004163.pub2
4872:10.1002/14651858.CD013056.pub2
4823:10.1002/14651858.CD013055.pub2
4774:10.1002/14651858.CD013051.pub2
4732:10.1002/14651858.CD007810.pub2
4690:10.1002/14651858.CD006285.pub2
4609:10.1002/14651858.CD001935.pub3
4560:10.1002/14651858.CD003423.pub3
4267:10.1002/14651858.CD001801.pub3
4179:10.1002/14651858.CD012017.pub2
4082:10.1002/14651858.CD001095.pub2
4033:10.1002/14651858.CD004975.pub3
3941:10.1002/14651858.CD003996.pub2
3890:10.1002/14651858.CD000219.pub5
3831:10.1002/14651858.CD012289.pub2
3666:10.1002/14651858.CD001727.pub5
3647:10.1002/14651858.CD001727.pub4
3563:10.1002/14651858.CD011534.pub3
3514:10.1002/14651858.CD012941.pub2
3465:10.1002/14651858.CD006639.pub4
3409:10.1002/14651858.CD007095.pub3
3360:10.1002/14651858.CD004401.pub2
3149:10.1002/14651858.CD010089.pub3
3087:10.1002/14651858.CD001480.pub5
1990:10.1002/14651858.CD009163.pub3
1939:10.1002/14651858.CD000219.pub5
264:also indicates the diagnosis.
252:, irritants such as smoke, or
27:Inflammation of the middle ear
1:
5125:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61729-2
5016:Chiropractic & Osteopathy
3194:10.1016/S0140-6736(04)15495-0
2979:10.1016/S0022-3476(05)80843-1
2212:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61682-2
2118:10.1016/s0140-6736(15)60692-4
1774:10.1016/S0165-5876(98)00132-3
1682:10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31012-1
1630:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6
1454:Infection and Drug Resistance
1073:Disability-adjusted life year
976:tympanic membrane perforation
950:is generally recommended, as
89:Ear pain, fever, hearing loss
5367:10.1016/j.otohns.2008.08.004
4956:10.7556/jaoa.2000.100.10.635
2849:10.1016/j.otohns.2007.11.011
2814:. McGraw Hill Professional.
2514:10.1016/j.otohns.2008.07.030
2344:. Elsevier Health Sciences.
2155:Continuing Medical Education
2063:10.1371/journal.pone.0036226
364:cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea
5887:Eustachian tube dysfunction
4127:10.1016/j.jpeds.2019.08.043
2660:"PGS.TS.TTΖ―T LΓͺ LΖ°Ζ‘ng Δα»ng"
1563:Minovi A, Dazert S (2014).
1278:experience a high level of
6257:
3596:Emergency Medicine Journal
2729:10.1016/j.acap.2012.01.007
1727:10.1016/j.mcna.2018.06.008
1253:sensorineural hearing loss
986:Otitis media with effusion
952:broad-spectrum antibiotics
944:narrow-spectrum antibiotic
687:Evidence does not support
551:Otitis media with effusion
195:otitis media with effusion
123:Vaccination, breastfeeding
47:Otitis media with effusion
5618:American Family Physician
5453:10.1017/S0022215105004871
5410:10.1007/s00405-010-1346-4
5170:10.1007/s00405-008-0739-0
4115:The Journal of Pediatrics
3779:10.1007/s10096-012-1747-y
3237:10.3109/00016488509104788
2967:The Journal of Pediatrics
2913:American Family Physician
1284:in Aboriginal communities
916:
873:
792:
787:
784:
781:
778:
616:World Health Organization
62:
53:
5892:Patulous Eustachian tube
5075:10.1177/0194599812467425
4517:10.1177/0194599813487302
4414:10.1177/0194599815623467
4366:10.1177/0194599813487302
2885:. Department of Health.
2719:(Submitted manuscript).
2685:"Otitis Media Diagnosis"
2683:BPharm YS (2010-04-27).
2149:Erasmus T (2012-09-17).
1021:. In more severe cases,
527:Streptococcus pneumoniae
4958:(inactive 2024-03-21).
4318:: an initiative of the
3608:10.1136/emj.2007.056648
2919:(12): 2776, 2778β2779.
1280:conductive hearing loss
960:amoxicillin-clavulanate
570:conductive hearing loss
409:causing the infection.
115:Smoke exposure, daycare
5223:10.1044/jslhr.4003.508
5029:10.1186/1746-1340-18-3
4469:10.1542/peds.2013-3228
4232:10.1542/peds.2017-0125
3272:10.1542/peds.79.2.309a
3225:Acta Oto-Laryngologica
2479:10.1056/NEJMvcm0904397
2436:10.1542/peds.2009-2689
2311:Hart KM (2023-07-04).
1861:10.1001/jama.2010.1651
1513:. September 30, 2013.
1421:10.1542/peds.2012-3488
1276:Australian Aboriginals
1212:dural sinus thrombosis
1195:
1167:
874:Abnormal tympanometry
531:Haemophilus influenzae
422:
360:basilar skull fracture
328:
238:indigenous Australians
5916:Middle ear barotrauma
5612:Neff MJ (June 2004).
5069:(4 Suppl): E122β143.
3689:|...}}
3660:(Retracted, see
3320:10.1093/fampra/cmn030
2779:10.1542/peds.65.4.761
2365:Bluestone CD (2005).
1173:
1071:
855:Pain at 10 to 12 days
725:(acetaminophen), and
659:Influenza vaccination
626:Adhesive otitis media
544:Staphylococcus aureus
537:Moraxella catarrhalis
420:
326:
273:influenza vaccination
5909:Gradenigo's syndrome
2620:10.1038/nrdp.2016.63
2562:10.7759/cureus.28019
2397:"Acute Otitis Media"
1895:. November 4, 2013.
1676:(10053): 1459β1544.
1624:(10053): 1545β1602.
1300:Australian languages
1204:bacterial meningitis
1045:Alternative medicine
788:Quality of evidence
785:Findings in numbers
580:that are created by
242:cleft lip and palate
6236:Otorhinolaryngology
4407:(1 Suppl): S1βS41.
3041:Lawrence R (2016).
2717:Academic Pediatrics
2054:2012PLoSO...736226M
1823:on 17 February 2017
931:1.38 (1.19 to 1.59)
907:0.97 (0.76 to 1.24)
888:0.82 (0.74 to 0.90)
864:0.33 (0.17 to 0.66)
845:0.76 (0.63 to 0.91)
836:Pain at 4 to 7 days
826:0.70 (0.57 to 0.86)
817:Pain at 2 to 3 days
807:0.89 (0.78 to 1.01)
442:, or hearing test.
362:, can also lead to
240:and those who have
78:Otorhinolaryngology
5926:Perforated eardrum
5743:External resources
4510:(1 Suppl): S1-35.
4359:(1 Suppl): S1β35.
3724:(dec11 1): f7027.
2248:has generic name (
2161:(9): 335β336β336.
1467:10.2147/IDR.S39637
1288:Northern Territory
1196:
1168:
1085: no data
1023:tympanostomy tubes
972:Tympanostomy tubes
782:Findings in words
632:retracted ear drum
555:Otitis media with
520:Acute otitis media
508:bullous myringitis
423:
329:
319:Signs and symptoms
305:tympanostomy tubes
179:acute otitis media
152:471 million (2015)
6203:
6202:
5988:
5987:
5797:
5796:
5624:(12): 2929β2931.
5597:10.1121/2.0001004
5553:Fergus A (2019).
5119:(9859): 2163β96.
3730:10.1136/bmj.f7027
3188:(9407): 465β473.
3052:978-0-323-35776-0
3024:978-92-4-159158-4
2821:978-1-259-58860-0
2376:978-1-55009-066-6
2351:978-1-4377-3589-5
2324:978-1-77684-782-2
2283:978-0-8261-5184-1
2206:(9963): 117β171.
2112:(9995): 743β800.
1854:(19): 2161β2169.
1581:10.3205/cto000114
1165:
1164:
967:Tympanostomy tube
940:
939:
922:Diarrhoea or rash
713:Oral and topical
614:According to the
565:mastoid air cells
485:venous thrombosis
428:tympanic membrane
394:, or possibly by
287:(acetaminophen),
258:tympanic membrane
164:
163:
136:(acetaminophen),
65:tympanic membrane
32:Medical condition
16:(Redirected from
6248:
6144:Acute bronchitis
6106:Nasal congestion
6091:Loss of appetite
6015:
6008:
6001:
5992:
5931:Tympanosclerosis
5904:Bezold's abscess
5824:
5817:
5810:
5801:
5786:Surgical treat.
5782:Medical treat.,
5638:
5633:
5601:
5599:
5578:
5577:
5575:
5574:
5568:
5561:
5550:
5544:
5538:
5532:
5531:
5529:
5527:
5518:. 4 March 2012.
5508:
5502:
5501:
5499:
5498:
5479:
5473:
5472:
5436:
5430:
5429:
5393:
5387:
5386:
5350:
5344:
5343:
5333:
5293:
5287:
5286:
5276:
5244:
5235:
5234:
5206:
5200:
5199:
5181:
5153:
5147:
5146:
5136:
5104:
5095:
5094:
5058:
5052:
5051:
5041:
5031:
5007:
5001:
5000:
4994:
4986:
4984:
4983:
4935:
4929:
4928:
4900:
4894:
4893:
4883:
4866:(11): CD013056.
4851:
4845:
4844:
4834:
4802:
4796:
4795:
4785:
4753:
4744:
4743:
4719:
4713:
4712:
4702:
4692:
4672:
4666:
4665:
4637:
4631:
4630:
4620:
4588:
4582:
4581:
4571:
4539:
4530:
4529:
4519:
4495:
4489:
4488:
4452:
4446:
4445:
4443:
4442:
4416:
4392:
4381:
4378:
4368:
4342:
4341:
4339:
4333:
4312:
4300:
4287:
4286:
4261:(10): CD001801.
4254:
4245:
4244:
4234:
4225:(6): e20170125.
4210:
4201:
4200:
4190:
4158:
4147:
4146:
4110:
4104:
4103:
4093:
4061:
4055:
4054:
4044:
4027:(12): CD004975.
4012:
4006:
4005:
3969:
3963:
3962:
3952:
3920:
3914:
3913:
3904: 10646935.
3884:(11): CD000219.
3873:
3867:
3866:
3864:
3863:
3857:
3842:
3816:
3807:
3801:
3800:
3790:
3758:
3752:
3751:
3741:
3709:
3703:
3702:
3700:
3698:
3690:
3679:Retraction Watch
3658:
3634:
3628:
3627:
3591:
3585:
3584:
3574:
3542:
3536:
3535:
3525:
3493:
3487:
3486:
3476:
3444:
3438:
3437:
3436:
3430:
3420:
3388:
3382:
3381:
3371:
3339:
3333:
3332:
3322:
3298:
3292:
3291:
3255:
3249:
3248:
3231:(3β4): 260β265.
3220:
3214:
3213:
3177:
3171:
3170:
3160:
3143:(10): CD010089.
3128:
3117:
3116:
3106:
3066:
3057:
3056:
3038:
3029:
3028:
3002:
2991:
2990:
2961:
2955:
2954:
2952:
2950:
2935:
2929:
2928:
2908:
2899:
2898:
2896:
2894:
2875:
2869:
2868:
2832:
2826:
2825:
2805:
2799:
2798:
2762:
2756:
2755:
2753:
2751:
2745:
2714:
2705:
2699:
2698:
2696:
2695:
2680:
2674:
2673:
2671:
2670:
2656:
2650:
2649:
2639:
2599:
2593:
2592:
2582:
2564:
2540:
2534:
2533:
2497:
2491:
2490:
2462:
2456:
2455:
2419:
2413:
2412:
2410:
2408:
2392:
2381:
2380:
2362:
2356:
2355:
2335:
2329:
2328:
2308:
2302:
2301:
2295:
2287:
2267:
2261:
2260:
2253:
2247:
2243:
2241:
2233:
2223:
2191:
2182:
2181:
2179:
2178:
2146:
2140:
2139:
2129:
2097:
2086:
2085:
2075:
2065:
2033:
2012:
2011:
2001:
1969:
1963:
1962:
1953: 10646935.
1933:(11): CD000219.
1922:
1909:
1908:
1906:
1904:
1885:
1874:
1873:
1863:
1839:
1833:
1832:
1830:
1828:
1822:
1816:. Archived from
1811:
1803:
1797:
1796:
1794:
1793:
1753:
1747:
1746:
1721:(6): 1063β1079.
1710:
1704:
1703:
1693:
1661:
1652:
1651:
1641:
1609:
1603:
1602:
1592:
1560:
1527:
1526:
1524:
1522:
1507:"Ear Infections"
1503:
1490:
1489:
1479:
1469:
1445:
1434:
1433:
1423:
1399:
1294:and the unusual
1218:Membrane rupture
1191:
1185:
1179:
1158:
1152:
1146:
1140:
1134:
1128:
1120:
1114:
1108:
1102:
1096:
1090:
1084:
1078:
798:Pain at 24 hours
769:
574:middle ear bones
500:
499:
481:bony destruction
470:mastoid effusion
380:mucous membranes
281:pain medications
232:, and attending
173:diseases of the
105:Viral, bacterial
58:
35:
21:
6256:
6255:
6251:
6250:
6249:
6247:
6246:
6245:
6206:
6205:
6204:
6199:
6195:Antiviral drugs
6183:
6130:
6057:
6024:
6019:
5989:
5984:
5956:
5935:
5871:
5863:
5840:
5831:Diseases of the
5828:
5798:
5793:
5792:
5778:with effusion,
5774:complications,
5770:
5738:
5737:
5649:
5611:
5608:
5585:
5582:
5581:
5572:
5570:
5566:
5559:
5552:
5551:
5547:
5539:
5535:
5525:
5523:
5516:, 5 March 2012"
5510:
5509:
5505:
5496:
5494:
5481:
5480:
5476:
5438:
5437:
5433:
5395:
5394:
5390:
5352:
5351:
5347:
5308:(4): CD004618.
5295:
5294:
5290:
5259:(1): CD004163.
5246:
5245:
5238:
5208:
5207:
5203:
5155:
5154:
5150:
5106:
5105:
5098:
5060:
5059:
5055:
5009:
5008:
5004:
4987:
4981:
4979:
4937:
4936:
4932:
4902:
4901:
4897:
4853:
4852:
4848:
4817:(1): CD013055.
4804:
4803:
4799:
4768:(1): CD013051.
4755:
4754:
4747:
4726:(1): CD007810.
4721:
4720:
4716:
4683:(5): CD006285.
4674:
4673:
4669:
4639:
4638:
4634:
4603:(5): CD001935.
4590:
4589:
4585:
4554:(9): CD003423.
4541:
4540:
4533:
4497:
4496:
4492:
4454:
4453:
4449:
4440:
4438:
4394:
4393:
4384:
4346:
4337:
4335:
4331:
4320:ABIM Foundation
4316:Choosing Wisely
4310:
4302:
4301:
4290:
4256:
4255:
4248:
4212:
4211:
4204:
4173:(6): CD012017.
4160:
4159:
4150:
4112:
4111:
4107:
4076:(9): CD001095.
4063:
4062:
4058:
4014:
4013:
4009:
3974:JAMA Pediatrics
3971:
3970:
3966:
3935:(3): CD003996.
3922:
3921:
3917:
3875:
3874:
3870:
3861:
3859:
3855:
3825:(3): CD012289.
3814:
3809:
3808:
3804:
3760:
3759:
3755:
3711:
3710:
3706:
3692:
3684:
3682:
3659:
3641:(3): CD001727.
3636:
3635:
3631:
3593:
3592:
3588:
3557:(8): CD011534.
3544:
3543:
3539:
3508:(6): CD012941.
3495:
3494:
3490:
3459:(6): CD006639.
3446:
3445:
3441:
3431:
3403:(8): CD007095.
3390:
3389:
3385:
3354:(4): CD004401.
3341:
3340:
3336:
3307:Family Practice
3300:
3299:
3295:
3257:
3256:
3252:
3222:
3221:
3217:
3179:
3178:
3174:
3130:
3129:
3120:
3081:(5): CD001480.
3068:
3067:
3060:
3053:
3040:
3039:
3032:
3025:
3004:
3003:
2994:
2963:
2962:
2958:
2948:
2946:
2937:
2936:
2932:
2910:
2909:
2902:
2892:
2890:
2877:
2876:
2872:
2834:
2833:
2829:
2822:
2807:
2806:
2802:
2764:
2763:
2759:
2749:
2747:
2743:
2712:
2707:
2706:
2702:
2693:
2691:
2682:
2681:
2677:
2668:
2666:
2658:
2657:
2653:
2601:
2600:
2596:
2542:
2541:
2537:
2499:
2498:
2494:
2464:
2463:
2459:
2430:(5): e1154β61.
2421:
2420:
2416:
2406:
2404:
2394:
2393:
2384:
2377:
2364:
2363:
2359:
2352:
2337:
2336:
2332:
2325:
2317:. Xspurts.com.
2310:
2309:
2305:
2288:
2284:
2269:
2268:
2264:
2254:
2244:
2234:
2193:
2192:
2185:
2176:
2174:
2148:
2147:
2143:
2099:
2098:
2089:
2035:
2034:
2015:
1984:(6): CD009163.
1971:
1970:
1966:
1924:
1923:
1912:
1902:
1900:
1887:
1886:
1877:
1841:
1840:
1836:
1826:
1824:
1820:
1809:
1805:
1804:
1800:
1791:
1789:
1755:
1754:
1750:
1712:
1711:
1707:
1663:
1662:
1655:
1611:
1610:
1606:
1562:
1561:
1530:
1520:
1518:
1505:
1504:
1493:
1447:
1446:
1437:
1414:(3): e964β999.
1401:
1400:
1347:
1342:
1320:is composed of
1314:
1298:inventories of
1269:
1245:
1226:, allowing the
1220:
1194:
1193:
1189:
1187:
1183:
1181:
1177:
1166:
1160:
1156:
1154:
1150:
1148:
1144:
1142:
1138:
1136:
1132:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1116:
1112:
1110:
1106:
1104:
1100:
1098:
1094:
1092:
1088:
1086:
1082:
1066:
1047:
1038:
988:
969:
751:
711:
644:
628:
605:
553:
522:
497:
496:
415:
376:Eustachian tube
372:
353:nasal discharge
321:
226:immune function
33:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6254:
6252:
6244:
6243:
6238:
6233:
6228:
6223:
6218:
6208:
6207:
6201:
6200:
6198:
6197:
6191:
6189:
6185:
6184:
6182:
6181:
6176:
6171:
6166:
6161:
6156:
6151:
6146:
6140:
6138:
6132:
6131:
6129:
6128:
6123:
6118:
6113:
6108:
6103:
6098:
6093:
6088:
6083:
6078:
6073:
6067:
6065:
6059:
6058:
6056:
6055:
6050:
6045:
6040:
6034:
6032:
6026:
6025:
6020:
6018:
6017:
6010:
6003:
5995:
5986:
5985:
5983:
5982:
5981:
5980:
5975:
5964:
5962:
5958:
5957:
5955:
5954:
5949:
5943:
5941:
5937:
5936:
5934:
5933:
5928:
5923:
5918:
5913:
5912:
5911:
5906:
5896:
5895:
5894:
5884:
5878:
5876:
5865:
5864:
5862:
5861:
5856:
5854:Otitis externa
5850:
5848:
5842:
5841:
5829:
5827:
5826:
5819:
5812:
5804:
5795:
5794:
5791:
5790:
5759:
5747:
5746:
5744:
5740:
5739:
5736:
5735:
5724:
5713:
5670:
5650:
5645:
5644:
5642:
5641:Classification
5635:
5634:
5607:
5606:External links
5604:
5603:
5602:
5580:
5579:
5545:
5533:
5503:
5474:
5431:
5388:
5345:
5288:
5236:
5201:
5148:
5096:
5053:
5002:
4930:
4911:(2): 177β183.
4895:
4846:
4797:
4745:
4714:
4667:
4632:
4583:
4531:
4490:
4463:(2): 296β311.
4447:
4382:
4380:
4379:
4343:, which cites
4288:
4246:
4202:
4148:
4121:: 139β143.e7.
4105:
4056:
4007:
3980:(4): 379β384.
3964:
3915:
3868:
3802:
3753:
3704:
3629:
3586:
3537:
3488:
3439:
3383:
3334:
3313:(4): 233β236.
3293:
3266:(2): 309β311.
3250:
3215:
3172:
3118:
3058:
3051:
3030:
3023:
2992:
2973:(5): 702β711.
2956:
2930:
2900:
2870:
2843:(3): 274β278.
2827:
2820:
2800:
2773:(4): 761β766.
2757:
2723:(3): 214β218.
2700:
2675:
2651:
2604:"Otitis media"
2594:
2535:
2508:(4): 490β494.
2492:
2457:
2414:
2395:Donaldson JD.
2382:
2375:
2357:
2350:
2330:
2323:
2303:
2282:
2262:
2246:|author1=
2183:
2141:
2087:
2013:
1964:
1910:
1875:
1834:
1798:
1768:(2): 137β140.
1748:
1705:
1653:
1604:
1528:
1491:
1435:
1344:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:for "middle".
1313:
1310:
1268:
1265:
1244:
1241:
1219:
1216:
1188:
1182:
1176:
1175:
1163:
1162:
1155:
1149:
1143:
1137:
1131:
1125:
1123:
1117:
1111:
1105:
1099:
1093:
1087:
1081:
1076:
1065:
1062:
1046:
1043:
1037:
1034:
1015:antihistamines
987:
984:
968:
965:
938:
937:
932:
926:
923:
919:
918:
914:
913:
908:
902:
899:
895:
894:
889:
883:
880:
876:
875:
871:
870:
865:
859:
856:
852:
851:
846:
840:
837:
833:
832:
827:
821:
818:
814:
813:
808:
802:
799:
795:
794:
790:
789:
786:
783:
780:
776:
775:
773:
750:
747:
739:antihistamines
710:
707:
643:
640:
627:
624:
604:
601:
552:
549:
521:
518:
414:
411:
371:
368:
320:
317:
295:ear drops, or
262:otitis externa
169:is a group of
162:
161:
158:
154:
153:
150:
146:
145:
131:
125:
124:
121:
117:
116:
113:
107:
106:
103:
99:
98:
95:
91:
90:
87:
81:
80:
75:
69:
68:
60:
59:
51:
50:
44:
40:
39:
31:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6253:
6242:
6239:
6237:
6234:
6232:
6229:
6227:
6224:
6222:
6219:
6217:
6214:
6213:
6211:
6196:
6193:
6192:
6190:
6186:
6180:
6177:
6175:
6172:
6170:
6167:
6165:
6162:
6160:
6157:
6155:
6152:
6150:
6149:Bronchiolitis
6147:
6145:
6142:
6141:
6139:
6137:
6136:Complications
6133:
6127:
6124:
6122:
6119:
6117:
6114:
6112:
6109:
6107:
6104:
6102:
6099:
6097:
6094:
6092:
6089:
6087:
6084:
6082:
6079:
6077:
6074:
6072:
6069:
6068:
6066:
6064:
6060:
6054:
6051:
6049:
6046:
6044:
6041:
6039:
6036:
6035:
6033:
6031:
6027:
6023:
6016:
6011:
6009:
6004:
6002:
5997:
5996:
5993:
5979:
5976:
5974:
5971:
5970:
5969:
5966:
5965:
5963:
5959:
5953:
5950:
5948:
5945:
5944:
5942:
5938:
5932:
5929:
5927:
5924:
5922:
5919:
5917:
5914:
5910:
5907:
5905:
5902:
5901:
5900:
5897:
5893:
5890:
5889:
5888:
5885:
5883:
5882:Cholesteatoma
5880:
5879:
5877:
5875:
5870:
5866:
5860:
5857:
5855:
5852:
5851:
5849:
5847:
5843:
5839:
5835:
5832:
5825:
5820:
5818:
5813:
5811:
5806:
5805:
5802:
5789:
5785:
5781:
5777:
5773:
5769:
5765:
5764:
5760:
5758:
5754:
5753:
5749:
5748:
5745:
5741:
5734:
5730:
5729:
5725:
5723:
5719:
5718:
5714:
5712:
5708:
5704:
5700:
5696:
5692:
5688:
5684:
5680:
5679:
5675:
5671:
5669:
5665:
5661:
5660:
5656:
5652:
5651:
5648:
5643:
5639:
5631:
5627:
5623:
5619:
5615:
5610:
5609:
5605:
5598:
5593:
5589:
5584:
5583:
5565:
5558:
5557:
5549:
5546:
5542:
5537:
5534:
5521:
5517:
5515:
5507:
5504:
5492:
5488:
5486:
5478:
5475:
5470:
5466:
5462:
5458:
5454:
5450:
5446:
5442:
5435:
5432:
5427:
5423:
5419:
5415:
5411:
5407:
5403:
5399:
5392:
5389:
5384:
5380:
5376:
5372:
5368:
5364:
5361:(5): 665β70.
5360:
5356:
5349:
5346:
5341:
5337:
5332:
5327:
5323:
5319:
5315:
5311:
5307:
5303:
5299:
5292:
5289:
5284:
5280:
5275:
5270:
5266:
5262:
5258:
5254:
5250:
5243:
5241:
5237:
5232:
5228:
5224:
5220:
5217:(3): 508β18.
5216:
5212:
5205:
5202:
5197:
5193:
5189:
5185:
5180:
5175:
5171:
5167:
5163:
5159:
5152:
5149:
5144:
5140:
5135:
5130:
5126:
5122:
5118:
5114:
5110:
5103:
5101:
5097:
5092:
5088:
5084:
5080:
5076:
5072:
5068:
5064:
5057:
5054:
5049:
5045:
5040:
5035:
5030:
5025:
5021:
5017:
5013:
5006:
5003:
4998:
4992:
4977:
4973:
4969:
4965:
4961:
4957:
4953:
4950:(10): 635β9.
4949:
4945:
4941:
4934:
4931:
4926:
4922:
4918:
4914:
4910:
4906:
4899:
4896:
4891:
4887:
4882:
4877:
4873:
4869:
4865:
4861:
4857:
4850:
4847:
4842:
4838:
4833:
4828:
4824:
4820:
4816:
4812:
4808:
4801:
4798:
4793:
4789:
4784:
4779:
4775:
4771:
4767:
4763:
4759:
4752:
4750:
4746:
4741:
4737:
4733:
4729:
4725:
4718:
4715:
4710:
4706:
4701:
4696:
4691:
4686:
4682:
4678:
4671:
4668:
4663:
4659:
4655:
4651:
4648:(3): 188β92.
4647:
4643:
4636:
4633:
4628:
4624:
4619:
4614:
4610:
4606:
4602:
4598:
4594:
4587:
4584:
4579:
4575:
4570:
4565:
4561:
4557:
4553:
4549:
4545:
4538:
4536:
4532:
4527:
4523:
4518:
4513:
4509:
4505:
4501:
4494:
4491:
4486:
4482:
4478:
4474:
4470:
4466:
4462:
4458:
4451:
4448:
4436:
4432:
4428:
4424:
4420:
4415:
4410:
4406:
4402:
4398:
4391:
4389:
4387:
4383:
4376:
4372:
4367:
4362:
4358:
4354:
4350:
4345:
4344:
4330:
4326:
4322:
4321:
4317:
4309:
4305:
4299:
4297:
4295:
4293:
4289:
4284:
4280:
4276:
4272:
4268:
4264:
4260:
4253:
4251:
4247:
4242:
4238:
4233:
4228:
4224:
4220:
4216:
4209:
4207:
4203:
4198:
4194:
4189:
4184:
4180:
4176:
4172:
4168:
4164:
4157:
4155:
4153:
4149:
4144:
4140:
4136:
4132:
4128:
4124:
4120:
4116:
4109:
4106:
4101:
4097:
4092:
4087:
4083:
4079:
4075:
4071:
4067:
4060:
4057:
4052:
4048:
4043:
4038:
4034:
4030:
4026:
4022:
4018:
4011:
4008:
4003:
3999:
3995:
3991:
3987:
3983:
3979:
3975:
3968:
3965:
3960:
3956:
3951:
3946:
3942:
3938:
3934:
3930:
3926:
3919:
3916:
3911:
3907:
3903:
3899:
3895:
3891:
3887:
3883:
3879:
3872:
3869:
3854:
3850:
3846:
3841:
3836:
3832:
3828:
3824:
3820:
3813:
3806:
3803:
3798:
3794:
3789:
3784:
3780:
3776:
3773:(2): 151β60.
3772:
3768:
3764:
3757:
3754:
3749:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3731:
3727:
3723:
3719:
3715:
3708:
3705:
3696:
3688:
3681:
3680:
3675:
3671:
3667:
3663:
3656:
3652:
3648:
3644:
3640:
3633:
3630:
3625:
3621:
3617:
3613:
3609:
3605:
3601:
3597:
3590:
3587:
3582:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3564:
3560:
3556:
3552:
3548:
3541:
3538:
3533:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3515:
3511:
3507:
3503:
3499:
3492:
3489:
3484:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3466:
3462:
3458:
3454:
3450:
3443:
3440:
3435:
3428:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3410:
3406:
3402:
3398:
3394:
3387:
3384:
3379:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3361:
3357:
3353:
3349:
3345:
3338:
3335:
3330:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3312:
3308:
3304:
3297:
3294:
3289:
3285:
3281:
3277:
3273:
3269:
3265:
3261:
3254:
3251:
3246:
3242:
3238:
3234:
3230:
3226:
3219:
3216:
3211:
3207:
3203:
3199:
3195:
3191:
3187:
3183:
3176:
3173:
3168:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3150:
3146:
3142:
3138:
3134:
3127:
3125:
3123:
3119:
3114:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3096:
3092:
3088:
3084:
3080:
3076:
3072:
3065:
3063:
3059:
3054:
3048:
3044:
3037:
3035:
3031:
3026:
3020:
3016:
3012:
3008:
3001:
2999:
2997:
2993:
2988:
2984:
2980:
2976:
2972:
2968:
2960:
2957:
2944:
2940:
2934:
2931:
2926:
2922:
2918:
2914:
2907:
2905:
2901:
2888:
2884:
2880:
2874:
2871:
2866:
2862:
2858:
2854:
2850:
2846:
2842:
2838:
2831:
2828:
2823:
2817:
2813:
2812:
2804:
2801:
2796:
2792:
2788:
2784:
2780:
2776:
2772:
2768:
2761:
2758:
2742:
2738:
2734:
2730:
2726:
2722:
2718:
2711:
2704:
2701:
2690:
2686:
2679:
2676:
2665:
2661:
2655:
2652:
2647:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2629:
2625:
2621:
2617:
2613:
2609:
2605:
2598:
2595:
2590:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2572:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2555:(8): e28019.
2554:
2550:
2546:
2539:
2536:
2531:
2527:
2523:
2519:
2515:
2511:
2507:
2503:
2496:
2493:
2488:
2484:
2480:
2476:
2472:
2468:
2461:
2458:
2453:
2449:
2445:
2441:
2437:
2433:
2429:
2425:
2418:
2415:
2402:
2398:
2391:
2389:
2387:
2383:
2378:
2372:
2368:
2361:
2358:
2353:
2347:
2343:
2342:
2334:
2331:
2326:
2320:
2316:
2315:
2307:
2304:
2299:
2293:
2285:
2279:
2275:
2274:
2266:
2263:
2258:
2251:
2239:
2231:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2190:
2188:
2184:
2172:
2168:
2164:
2160:
2156:
2152:
2145:
2142:
2137:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2096:
2094:
2092:
2088:
2083:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2048:(4): e36226.
2047:
2043:
2039:
2032:
2030:
2028:
2026:
2024:
2022:
2020:
2018:
2014:
2009:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1968:
1965:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1921:
1919:
1917:
1915:
1911:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1884:
1882:
1880:
1876:
1871:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1838:
1835:
1819:
1815:
1808:
1802:
1799:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1752:
1749:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1709:
1706:
1701:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1660:
1658:
1654:
1649:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1608:
1605:
1600:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1559:
1557:
1555:
1553:
1551:
1549:
1547:
1545:
1543:
1541:
1539:
1537:
1535:
1533:
1529:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1502:
1500:
1498:
1496:
1492:
1487:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1444:
1442:
1440:
1436:
1431:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1398:
1396:
1394:
1392:
1390:
1388:
1386:
1384:
1382:
1380:
1378:
1376:
1374:
1372:
1370:
1368:
1366:
1364:
1362:
1360:
1358:
1356:
1354:
1352:
1350:
1346:
1339:
1337:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1326:Ancient Greek
1323:
1319:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1266:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1254:
1250:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1217:
1215:
1213:
1209:
1208:brain abscess
1205:
1201:
1172:
1159: > 50
1124:
1091: < 10
1080:
1079:
1074:
1070:
1063:
1061:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1044:
1042:
1035:
1033:
1031:
1030:adenoidectomy
1028:
1024:
1020:
1019:autoinflation
1016:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1001:
1000:temporal bone
997:
993:
985:
983:
979:
977:
973:
966:
964:
961:
957:
953:
949:
945:
936:
933:
930:
927:
924:
921:
920:
915:
912:
909:
906:
903:
900:
897:
896:
893:
890:
887:
884:
881:
878:
877:
872:
869:
866:
863:
860:
857:
854:
853:
850:
847:
844:
841:
838:
835:
834:
831:
828:
825:
822:
819:
816:
815:
812:
809:
806:
803:
800:
797:
796:
791:
777:
774:
771:
770:
767:
763:
761:
757:
748:
746:
744:
740:
736:
735:Decongestants
732:
728:
724:
720:
716:
708:
706:
704:
700:
698:
694:
690:
685:
683:
678:
676:
672:
667:
663:
660:
656:
655:public health
652:
648:
641:
639:
637:
633:
625:
623:
619:
617:
612:
609:
602:
600:
598:
597:breastfeeding
594:
590:
585:
583:
579:
575:
571:
566:
562:
558:
550:
548:
546:
545:
540:
538:
533:
532:
528:
519:
517:
514:
510:
509:
503:
492:
490:
486:
482:
478:
475:
474:subperiosteal
471:
467:
463:
460:
459:temporal bone
456:
452:
448:
443:
441:
440:reflectometry
437:
433:
429:
419:
412:
410:
408:
404:
399:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
369:
367:
365:
361:
356:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
325:
318:
316:
312:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
277:breastfeeding
274:
270:
265:
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
246:Down syndrome
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
218:
216:
215:sign language
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
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180:
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45:
41:
36:
30:
19:
6179:Strep throat
6159:Otitis media
6158:
6101:Muscle aches
5978:tympanometry
5952:Hearing loss
5921:Otitis media
5920:
5761:
5750:
5726:
5715:
5672:
5653:
5621:
5617:
5587:
5571:. Retrieved
5555:
5548:
5541:Butcher 2018
5536:
5524:. Retrieved
5513:
5506:
5495:. Retrieved
5484:
5477:
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5444:
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5204:
5179:10183/125807
5164:(2): 221β4.
5161:
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5112:
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5062:
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5005:
4991:cite journal
4980:. Retrieved
4947:
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4439:. Retrieved
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3822:
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2933:
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2882:
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2760:
2748:. Retrieved
2720:
2716:
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2692:. Retrieved
2689:News-Medical
2688:
2678:
2667:. Retrieved
2663:
2654:
2614:(1): 16063.
2611:
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2405:. Retrieved
2399:. Medscape.
2366:
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2265:
2238:cite journal
2203:
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2175:. Retrieved
2158:
2154:
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2109:
2105:
2045:
2041:
1981:
1977:
1967:
1930:
1926:
1901:. Retrieved
1892:
1851:
1847:
1837:
1825:. Retrieved
1818:the original
1813:
1801:
1790:. Retrieved
1765:
1761:
1751:
1718:
1714:
1708:
1673:
1669:
1621:
1617:
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1572:
1568:
1519:. Retrieved
1510:
1457:
1453:
1411:
1407:
1329:
1321:
1318:otitis media
1317:
1315:
1274:
1270:
1267:Epidemiology
1261:
1257:
1246:
1243:Hearing loss
1221:
1197:
1048:
1039:
989:
980:
970:
941:
879:2 to 4 weeks
764:
752:
715:pain killers
712:
701:
693:malnutrition
686:
679:
671:hearing loss
668:
664:
649:
645:
629:
620:
613:
610:
606:
586:
554:
542:
535:
525:
523:
512:
506:
504:
493:
444:
436:tympanometry
424:
400:
392:strep throat
373:
357:
341:irritability
330:
327:Otitis media
313:
269:pneumococcal
266:
219:
211:hearing loss
206:
202:
198:
194:
182:
178:
171:inflammatory
167:Otitis media
166:
165:
160:3,200 (2015)
111:Risk factors
46:
38:Otitis media
29:
6164:Pharyngitis
6121:Sore throat
6048:Enterovirus
6043:Coronavirus
6022:Common cold
5899:Mastoiditis
5752:MedlinePlus
5526:6 September
5404:(1): 63β6.
3015:10665/42941
2949:17 February
2883:NHS Choices
2750:November 3,
2473:(20): e62.
1903:14 February
1521:14 February
1200:mastoiditis
1153: 46β50
1147: 42β46
1141: 38β42
1135: 34β38
1129: 30β34
1121: 26β30
1115: 22β26
1109: 18β22
1103: 14β18
1097: 10β14
1054:Homeopathic
996:tympanogram
948:amoxicillin
756:perforation
749:Antibiotics
723:paracetamol
591:, parental
582:sound waves
479:formation,
455:tympanogram
384:nasopharynx
309:antibiotics
301:amoxicillin
285:paracetamol
134:Paracetamol
43:Other names
6226:Pediatrics
6210:Categories
6111:Rhinorrhea
6053:Rhinovirus
6038:Adenovirus
5869:Middle ear
5859:Otomycosis
5838:middle ear
5728:DiseasesDB
5573:2023-09-06
5497:2023-09-06
4982:2023-05-24
4457:Pediatrics
4441:2019-03-05
4219:Pediatrics
3862:2019-12-16
3260:Pediatrics
2893:3 November
2879:"Glue Ear"
2767:Pediatrics
2694:2024-07-15
2669:2024-07-15
2424:Pediatrics
2177:2019-08-07
1792:2021-09-27
1408:Pediatrics
1340:References
1292:fricatives
1249:conductive
992:audiometry
956:resistance
760:Analgesics
709:Management
703:Probiotics
642:Prevention
589:child care
561:middle ear
498:myringitis
489:meningitis
451:audiometry
293:benzocaine
175:middle ear
142:benzocaine
129:Medication
120:Prevention
63:A bulging
6231:Audiology
6174:Sinusitis
6169:Pneumonia
5973:pneumatic
5846:Outer ear
5768:emerg/351
5763:eMedicine
5322:1469-493X
5091:206466859
4972:245177279
4338:August 1,
4143:203580952
3898:1469-493X
3695:retracted
3687:retracted
3095:1469-493X
2865:207300175
2628:2056-676X
2571:2168-8184
2292:cite book
2167:2078-5143
1947:1469-493X
1575:: Doc11.
1460:: 15β24.
1316:The term
1312:Etymology
1296:segmental
1236:infection
1232:ear canal
1224:perforate
1192: 2β4
917:Vomiting
719:ibuprofen
657:benefit.
413:Diagnosis
396:allergies
289:ibuprofen
254:allergies
230:pacifiers
187:infection
149:Frequency
144:ear drops
138:ibuprofen
73:Specialty
6126:Weakness
6116:Sneezing
6086:Headache
6063:Symptoms
5968:Otoscope
5947:Ear pain
5940:Symptoms
5788:ped/1689
5630:15222658
5564:Archived
5520:Archived
5491:Archived
5469:23668097
5461:16359151
5426:24611204
5418:20665042
5383:37667672
5375:18984261
5340:16235370
5283:17253499
5188:18629531
5143:23245607
5083:23536529
5048:20184717
5022:(1): 3.
4976:Archived
4964:11105452
4925:11224838
4890:31902139
4841:31902140
4792:31896168
4740:20091650
4709:23728660
4700:11357689
4627:21563132
4578:21901683
4526:23818543
4477:24394689
4435:Archived
4431:33459167
4423:26832942
4375:23818543
4329:archived
4283:43568574
4275:20927726
4241:28562283
4197:29741289
4135:31561959
4100:20824827
4051:24338106
4042:10960641
4002:73495617
3994:30776069
3959:15266512
3910:37965923
3853:Archived
3849:29543327
3797:22993127
3748:24335668
3674:21412874
3655:18646076
3624:34753900
3616:18212148
3581:37594020
3572:10436353
3532:31210358
3483:24974096
3427:27486835
3378:17054203
3369:11324013
3329:18562333
3210:30439271
3202:14962529
3167:29039160
3113:31135969
2943:Archived
2925:15222643
2887:Archived
2857:18312870
2795:31536385
2741:Archived
2737:22459064
2646:27604644
2589:36134092
2530:24036039
2522:18922333
2487:20484393
2444:20368317
2407:17 March
2401:Archived
2230:25530442
2171:Archived
2136:26063472
2082:22558393
2042:PLOS ONE
2008:27290722
1959:37965923
1897:Archived
1870:21081729
1786:Archived
1782:10206361
1743:53045631
1735:30342609
1700:27733281
1648:27733282
1599:25587371
1515:Archived
1486:24453496
1430:23439909
1064:Outcomes
1027:adjuvant
898:3 months
868:Moderate
779:Outcome
772:Summary
743:ear pain
697:marasmus
695:such as
636:ossicles
557:effusion
432:otoscope
407:pathogen
403:bacteria
390:(URTI),
333:ear pain
85:Symptoms
18:Glue ear
6241:Otology
6096:Malaise
6076:Fatigue
6030:Viruses
5874:mastoid
5784:ent/211
5780:ent/212
5776:ent/209
5772:ent/426
5722:D010033
5514:The Age
5331:6669264
5274:8765114
5231:9210110
5196:2932807
5134:6350784
5039:2841070
4881:6956626
4832:6956662
4783:6956124
4662:8365006
4618:9829244
4569:7170417
4485:2355197
4188:6494623
4091:7052812
3950:9037065
3840:6492450
3788:7087613
3739:3898587
3523:6580359
3474:9392835
3418:8485974
3288:1350590
3280:3808812
3245:4061076
3158:6485791
3104:6537667
2987:8229477
2787:7367083
2637:7097351
2580:9471510
2221:4340604
2127:4561509
2073:3340347
2050:Bibcode
1999:7117560
1893:cdc.gov
1691:5388903
1639:5055577
1590:4273172
1511:cdc.gov
1477:3894142
1305:voicing
1186: 1
1180: 0
727:opiates
682:xylitol
593:smoking
576:to the
513:myringa
477:abscess
382:in the
297:opioids
234:daycare
222:anatomy
6216:Otitis
5757:000638
5683:017.40
5628:
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2106:Lancet
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1827:12 May
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1322:otitis
1190:
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1127:
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1083:
1011:serous
370:Causes
185:), an
157:Deaths
102:Causes
6188:Drugs
6154:Croup
6081:Fever
6071:Cough
5961:Tests
5834:outer
5733:29620
5707:381.4
5703:381.3
5699:381.2
5695:381.1
5691:381.0
5687:055.2
5567:(PDF)
5560:(PDF)
5465:S2CID
5422:S2CID
5379:S2CID
5192:S2CID
5087:S2CID
4968:S2CID
4481:S2CID
4427:S2CID
4332:(PDF)
4311:(PDF)
4279:S2CID
4139:S2CID
3998:S2CID
3856:(PDF)
3815:(PDF)
3691:with
3620:S2CID
3284:S2CID
3206:S2CID
2861:S2CID
2791:S2CID
2744:(PDF)
2713:(PDF)
2526:S2CID
2448:S2CID
1821:(PDF)
1810:(PDF)
1739:S2CID
1334:Latin
1330:media
1210:, or
946:like
793:Pain
447:fever
349:cough
337:fever
191:fever
94:Types
5872:and
5836:and
5717:MeSH
5678:9-CM
5626:PMID
5528:2023
5457:PMID
5414:PMID
5371:PMID
5336:PMID
5318:ISSN
5306:2005
5279:PMID
5257:2010
5227:PMID
5184:PMID
5139:PMID
5079:PMID
5044:PMID
4997:link
4960:PMID
4921:PMID
4886:PMID
4837:PMID
4788:PMID
4736:PMID
4705:PMID
4658:PMID
4623:PMID
4601:2011
4574:PMID
4552:2011
4522:PMID
4473:PMID
4419:PMID
4371:PMID
4340:2013
4271:PMID
4237:PMID
4193:PMID
4131:PMID
4096:PMID
4074:2010
4047:PMID
3990:PMID
3955:PMID
3933:2010
3906:PMID
3894:ISSN
3845:PMID
3823:2018
3793:PMID
3744:PMID
3670:PMID
3651:PMID
3612:PMID
3577:PMID
3555:2023
3528:PMID
3506:2019
3479:PMID
3457:2014
3423:PMID
3401:2016
3374:PMID
3352:2013
3325:PMID
3276:PMID
3241:PMID
3198:PMID
3163:PMID
3141:2017
3109:PMID
3091:ISSN
3047:ISBN
3019:ISBN
2983:PMID
2951:2017
2921:PMID
2895:2012
2853:PMID
2816:ISBN
2783:PMID
2752:2018
2733:PMID
2642:PMID
2624:ISSN
2585:PMID
2567:ISSN
2518:PMID
2483:PMID
2440:PMID
2409:2013
2371:ISBN
2346:ISBN
2319:ISBN
2298:link
2278:ISBN
2257:link
2250:help
2226:PMID
2163:ISSN
2132:PMID
2078:PMID
2004:PMID
1982:2016
1955:PMID
1943:ISSN
1905:2015
1866:PMID
1848:JAMA
1829:2017
1814:AIHW
1778:PMID
1731:PMID
1696:PMID
1644:PMID
1595:PMID
1523:2015
1482:PMID
1426:PMID
1251:and
1005:and
935:High
911:High
892:High
849:High
830:High
811:High
737:and
689:zinc
563:and
541:and
464:and
351:and
271:and
224:and
207:CSOM
5711:382
5674:ICD
5668:H67
5664:H65
5655:ICD
5592:doi
5449:doi
5445:120
5406:doi
5402:268
5363:doi
5359:139
5326:PMC
5310:doi
5269:PMC
5261:doi
5219:doi
5174:hdl
5166:doi
5162:266
5129:PMC
5121:doi
5117:380
5071:doi
5067:148
5034:PMC
5024:doi
4952:doi
4948:100
4913:doi
4876:PMC
4868:doi
4827:PMC
4819:doi
4778:PMC
4770:doi
4728:doi
4695:PMC
4685:doi
4650:doi
4613:PMC
4605:doi
4564:PMC
4556:doi
4512:doi
4508:149
4465:doi
4461:133
4409:doi
4405:154
4361:doi
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4263:doi
4227:doi
4223:139
4183:PMC
4175:doi
4123:doi
4119:215
4086:PMC
4078:doi
4037:PMC
4029:doi
3982:doi
3978:173
3945:PMC
3937:doi
3902:PMC
3886:doi
3835:PMC
3827:doi
3783:PMC
3775:doi
3734:PMC
3726:doi
3722:347
3718:BMJ
3662:doi
3643:doi
3604:doi
3567:PMC
3559:doi
3518:PMC
3510:doi
3469:PMC
3461:doi
3413:PMC
3405:doi
3364:PMC
3356:doi
3315:doi
3268:doi
3233:doi
3229:100
3190:doi
3186:363
3153:PMC
3145:doi
3099:PMC
3083:doi
3011:hdl
2975:doi
2971:123
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2841:138
2775:doi
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2632:PMC
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2475:doi
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2216:PMC
2208:doi
2204:385
2122:PMC
2114:doi
2110:386
2068:PMC
2058:doi
1994:PMC
1986:doi
1951:PMC
1935:doi
1856:doi
1852:304
1770:doi
1723:doi
1719:102
1686:PMC
1678:doi
1674:388
1634:PMC
1626:doi
1622:388
1585:PMC
1577:doi
1472:PMC
1462:doi
1416:doi
1412:131
1228:pus
1007:MRI
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487:or
466:MRI
244:or
199:OME
183:AOM
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