686:-guided management, and shared decision-making between physicians and patients. The use of narrow-spectrum antibiotics has been shown to be just as effective as broad-spectrum alternatives for children with acute bacterial URTIs, and has a lower risk of side effects in children. Decreased antibiotic usage may also help prevent drug-resistant bacteria. Some have advocated a delayed antibiotic approach to treating URTIs, which seeks to reduce the consumption of antibiotics while attempting to maintain patient satisfaction. A Cochrane review of 11 studies and 3,555 participants explored antibiotics for respiratory tract infections. It compared delaying antibiotic treatment to either starting them immediately or to no antibiotics. Outcomes were mixed depending on the respiratory tract infection; symptoms of acute otitis media and sore throat were modestly improved with immediate antibiotics with minimal difference in complication rate. Antibiotic usage was reduced when antibiotics were only used for ongoing symptoms and maintained patient satisfaction at 86%. In a trial involving 432 children with a URTI, amoxicillin was no more effective than placebo, even for children with more severe symptoms such as fever or shortness of breath.
616:
733:
2200:
45:
166:
678:. Health authorities have been strongly encouraging physicians to decrease the prescribing of antibiotics to treat common URTIs because antibiotic usage does not significantly reduce recovery time for these viral illnesses. A 2017 systematic review found three interventions which were probably effective in reducing antibiotic use for acute respiratory infections:
1186:
823:
According to a
Cochrane review, a single oral dose of nasal decongestant in the common cold is modestly effective for the short-term relief of congestion in adults; however, data on the use of decongestants in children are insufficient. Therefore, decongestants are not recommended for use in children
249:
In terms of pathophysiology, rhinovirus infection resembles the immune response. The viruses do not cause damage to the cells of the upper respiratory tract, but rather cause changes in the tight junctions of epithelial cells. This allows the virus to gain access to tissues under the epithelial cells
885:
Children typically have two to nine viral respiratory illnesses per year. In 2013, 18.8 billion cases of URTIs were reported. As of 2014, they caused about 3,000 deaths, down from 4,000 in 1990. In the United States, URTIs are the most common infectious illness in the general population, and are the
861:
in the inhibition and treatment of upper respiratory infections has been suggested since the initial isolation of vitamin C in the 1930s. Some evidence exists to indicate that it could be justified in persons exposed to brief periods of severe physical exercise and/or cold environments. Given that
848:
and carbocystine are widely prescribed for upper and lower respiratory tract infection without chronic broncho-pulmonary disease. However, in 2013 a
Cochrane review reported their efficacy to be limited. Acetylcysteine is considered to be safe for the children older than 2 years.
653:
for headache, sore throat, and muscle aches. Moderate exercise in sedentary subjects with a naturally acquired URTI probably does not alter the overall severity and duration of the illness. No randomized trials have been conducted to ascertain benefits of increasing fluid intake.
2361:
2342:
2227:"Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188 countries, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013"
719:
for reducing coughing in adults or children. Children under 2 years old should not be given any type of cough or cold medicine due to the potential for life-threatening side effects. In addition, according to the
981:"Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015"
932:"Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015"
2793:
234:/tonsillitis (strep throat) typically presents with a sudden onset of sore throat, pain with swallowing, and fever. Strep throat does not usually cause a runny nose, voice changes, or cough.
674:
may improve voice disturbances after a week and cough after 2 weeks, but any modest subjective benefit is not greater than the adverse effects, cost, and the risk of bacteria developing
862:
vitamin C supplements are inexpensive and safe, people with common colds may consider trying vitamin C supplements to assess whether they are therapeutically beneficial in their case.
1168:
1836:
857:
Routine supplementation with vitamin C is not justified, as it does not appear to be effective in reducing the incidence of common colds in the general population. The use of
1682:"Association of Broad- vs Narrow-Spectrum Antibiotics With Treatment Failure, Adverse Events, and Quality of Life in Children With Acute Respiratory Tract Infections"
2412:
1633:"Clinician-targeted interventions to influence antibiotic prescribing behaviour for acute respiratory infections in primary care: an overview of systematic reviews"
1455:
724:, the use of cough medicine to relieve cough symptoms should be avoided in children under 4 years old, and the safety is questioned for children under 6 years old.
703:
Use the shortest effective course; should see improvement in 2–3 days. Continue treatment for 7 days after symptoms improve or resolve (usually a 10–14 day course).
3257:
1234:"Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010"
615:
2384:
2061:"Acetylcysteine and carbocysteine for acute upper and lower respiratory tract infections in paediatric patients without chronic broncho-pulmonary disease"
930:
Vos T, Allen C, Arora M, Barber RM, Bhutta ZA, Brown A, et al. (GBD 2015 Disease and Injury
Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators) (October 2016).
4139:
3012:
1912:
1976:
3036:
2808:
173:
In uncomplicated colds, coughing and nasal discharge may persist for 14 days or more even after other symptoms have resolved. Acute URTIs include
3507:
1429:
979:
Wang H, Naghavi M, Allen C, Barber RM, Bhutta ZA, Carter A, et al. (GBD 2015 Mortality and Causes of Death
Collaborators) (October 2016).
62:
3926:
2783:
2032:
1999:
1324:
1213:
1122:
1082:
1045:
1161:
157:
In 2015, 17.2 billion cases of URTIs are estimated to have occurred. As of 2016, they caused about 3,000 deaths, down from 4,000 in 1990.
706:
Consider imaging studies in recurrent or unclear cases; some sinus involvement is frequent early in the course of uncomplicated viral URI
3469:
3252:
3007:
2405:
3606:
3262:
3058:
1820:
1732:
Spurling GK, Dooley L, Clark J, Askew DA (October 2023). "Immediate versus delayed versus no antibiotics for respiratory infections".
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3239:
2739:
907:
732:
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1368:
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721:
300:
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1088:
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736:
237:
Pain and pressure of the ear caused by a middle-ear infection (otitis media) and the reddening of the eye caused by viral
1338:
4129:
3247:
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3031:
2969:
3717:
3208:
281:
1451:
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generally. Without involving the nose, pharyngitis inflames the pharynx, hypopharynx, uvula, and tonsils. Similarly,
189:(though bronchi are generally classified as part of the lower respiratory tract.) Symptoms of URTIs commonly include
220:
Symptoms of rhinovirus in children usually begin 1–3 days after exposure. The illness usually lasts 7–10 more days.
3500:
3394:
1528:""Drink plenty of fluids": a systematic review of evidence for this recommendation in acute respiratory infections"
4092:
3919:
3267:
2892:
2866:
2591:
2492:
539:(supraglottitis) inflames the superior portion of the larynx and supraglottic area; laryngitis is in the larynx;
264:
231:
227:
discharge to yellow, thick, or green are the natural course of viral URTI and not an indication for antibiotics.
3043:
1969:
2871:
2856:
2849:
2754:
2715:
2662:
2640:
2598:
2526:
1289:
675:
269:
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829:
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2678:
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1908:
898:
may be better than a placebo treatment or no treatment for preventing upper respiratory tract infections.
275:
255:
824:
under 12 years of age with the common cold. Oral decongestants are also contraindicated in patients with
146:. Most infections are viral in nature, and in other instances, the cause is bacterial. URTIs can also be
3820:
3530:
3493:
2559:
2531:
1773:"Antibiotics for lower respiratory tract infection in children presenting in primary care: ARTIC-PC RCT"
260:
177:, pharyngitis/tonsillitis, and laryngitis often referred to as a common cold, and their complications:
1631:
Tonkin-Crine SK, Tan PS, van Hecke O, Wang K, Roberts NW, McCullough A, et al. (September 2017).
3912:
3771:
3176:
3128:
3116:
2930:
2888:
2487:
1206:
Control of communicable diseases manual: an official report of the
American Public Health Association
581:
287:
1425:
444:
37.8–38.9 °C (100–102 °F)(or higher in young children), lasting 3–4 days; may have chills
3810:
3444:
3411:
3157:
3106:
2734:
2554:
2421:
2365:
1028:
Guibas GV, Papadopoulos NG (2017). "Viral Upper
Respiratory Tract Infections". In Green RJ (ed.).
4004:
3867:
3540:
3302:
3167:
3123:
2955:
2876:
2803:
2673:
2159:
1860:"Over-the-counter (OTC) medications for acute cough in children and adults in community settings"
1281:
679:
592:
568:
564:
293:
17:
1680:
Gerber JS, Ross RK, Bryan M, Localio AR, Szymczak JE, Wasserman R, et al. (December 2017).
3590:
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2305:
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2192:
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2086:
2038:
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2005:
1995:
1951:
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1320:
1273:
1209:
1118:
1078:
1041:
1010:
961:
603:
508:
99:
57:
1349:– via National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
689:
For sinusitis while at the same time discouraging overuse of antibiotics the CDC recommends:
4057:
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3784:
3707:
3367:
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3145:
2984:
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2182:
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1000:
992:
951:
943:
866:
597:
202:
1771:
Little P, Francis NA, Stuart B, O'Reilly G, Thompson N, Becque T, et al. (June 2023).
3888:
3389:
3341:
3229:
3180:
3101:
3017:
2825:
1232:
Lozano R, Naghavi M, Foreman K, Lim S, Shibuya K, Aboyans V, et al. (December 2012).
870:
391:
107:
44:
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1268:
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238:
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996:
947:
4123:
4062:
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3712:
3550:
3419:
3133:
2844:
2390:
1994:(14th ed.). Washington, DC: American Pharmacists Association. pp. 239–269.
1258:
1190:
683:
182:
1426:"Human papillomavirus (HPV) and Oropharyngeal Cancer, Sexually Transmitted Diseases"
1360:
662:
Prescribing antibiotics for laryngitis is not a suggested practice. The antibiotics
4072:
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3860:
3815:
3748:
3642:
3576:
3567:
3516:
3356:
3309:
2694:
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1745:
1648:
1599:
1285:
825:
671:
667:
663:
536:
139:
1072:
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may prevent them from infecting the URT or reduce the severity of the infection.
4077:
4034:
3961:
3956:
3935:
3614:
3454:
3401:
3384:
3379:
3332:
3287:
3138:
3086:
3053:
2925:
2654:
2586:
2549:
2504:
2439:
1990:
Tietze KJ (2004). "Disorders related to cold and allergy". In
Berardi RR (ed.).
1947:
1827:. UK: National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR). 27 November 2023.
1543:
1403:
1037:
874:
694:
587:
524:
512:
194:
165:
143:
127:
123:
2355:
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1832:
1479:"Effect of exercise on upper respiratory tract infection in sedentary subjects"
4024:
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3779:
3730:
3620:
3584:
3374:
2974:
2960:
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2710:
2686:
2635:
2509:
2474:
2449:
1312:
650:
552:
544:
540:
253:
Up to 15% of acute pharyngitis cases may be caused by bacteria, most commonly
198:
186:
131:
103:
715:
No good evidence exists for or against the effectiveness of over-the-counter
4087:
4082:
3794:
3678:
3673:
3449:
3081:
2950:
2945:
2915:
2466:
2042:
2009:
1909:"Special Features – Use Caution When Giving Cough and Cold Products to Kids"
1697:
895:
858:
504:
178:
135:
95:
2309:
2260:
2196:
2144:
2090:
1955:
1934:
Goldsobel AB, Chipps BE (March 2010). "Cough in the pediatric population".
1893:
1806:
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1617:
1561:
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1014:
965:
1494:
4039:
3999:
3701:
3630:
3464:
3349:
2749:
2482:
2027:(1st ed.). St Louis, MO: Facts & Comparisons. pp. 743–769.
1970:"Mortality and Burden of Disease Estimates for WHO Member States in 2002"
500:
214:
206:
174:
151:
2334:
4014:
4009:
3989:
3976:
3825:
3625:
2702:
2578:
576:
572:
548:
532:
520:
477:
119:
111:
2160:"Saline nasal irrigation for acute upper respiratory tract infections"
4029:
2799:
2612:
2541:
2346:
1788:
833:
472:
Very common (can last for weeks, extreme exhaustion early in course)
224:
147:
115:
2276:"Probiotics for preventing acute upper respiratory tract infections"
1233:
1821:"Antibiotics make little difference to children's chest infections"
4067:
3994:
3984:
3943:
3753:
3535:
2620:
731:
614:
528:
516:
210:
190:
164:
2225:
Global Burden of
Disease Study 2013 Collaborators (August 2015).
1319:(4th ed.). University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston.
1189:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
3722:
3545:
2569:
619:
Upper respiratory infections deaths per million persons in 2012
3908:
3489:
3485:
2394:
1428:. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 4 November 2016.
511:, including frontal, ethmoid, maxillary, and sphenoid sinuses.
3904:
2158:
King D, Mitchell B, Williams CP, Spurling GK (April 2015).
1032:. Cham: Springer International Publishing. pp. 1–25.
303:
have emerged as causes of oral and pharyngeal infections.
27:
Infection of the nose, sinuses, pharynx, larynx or trachea
122:. This commonly includes nasal obstruction, sore throat,
2111:"Vitamin C for preventing and treating the common cold"
2025:
Nonprescription Drug
Therapy: Guiding Patient Self-care
312:
URI, seasonal allergies, influenza: symptom comparison
250:
and initiate the innate and adaptive immune responses.
1208:. APHA Press, the American Public Health Association.
693:
Target likely organisms with first-line medications:
513:
Nasopharyngitis (rhinopharyngitis or the common cold)
2324:
886:
leading reasons for people missing work and school.
873:
may alleviate symptoms in some people. Also, saline
649:
Treatment comprises symptomatic support usually via
543:
is in the larynx, trachea, and subglottic area; and
4101:
4048:
3975:
3942:
3881:
3848:
3803:
3770:
3689:
3650:
3641:
3575:
3566:
3559:
3523:
3437:
3410:
3340:
3326:
3280:
3238:
3217:
3191:
3094:
3080:
3071:
3000:
2885:
2865:
2748:
2728:
2568:
2448:
2428:
2328:
76:
68:
56:
37:
1313:"Chapter 93: Infections of the Respiratory System"
503:affects the nasal mucosa, while rhinosinusitis or
1526:Guppy MP, Mickan SM, Del Mar CB (February 2004).
670:are not effective for treating acute laryngitis.
1858:Smith SM, Schroeder K, Fahey T (November 2014).
337:Rare (conjunctivitis may occur with adenovirus)
1108:
1106:
865:Some low-quality evidence indicates the use of
739:for URTIs per 100,000 inhabitants in 2002:
499:A URTI may be classified by the area inflamed.
340:Soreness behind eyes, sometimes conjunctivitis
2387:from Cleveland Clinic Online Medical Reference
1390:Bisno AL (January 2001). "Acute pharyngitis".
1167:. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
3920:
3501:
2406:
2104:
2102:
2100:
267:("strep throat"). Other bacterial causes are
8:
1584:"Antibiotics for acute laryngitis in adults"
1074:Infectious Diseases of the Respiratory Tract
925:
923:
2280:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
2167:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
2115:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
2065:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
1864:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
1734:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
1637:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
1588:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
1156:
1154:
1077:. Cambridge University Press. p. 453.
3927:
3913:
3905:
3647:
3572:
3563:
3508:
3494:
3486:
3337:
3091:
3077:
2882:
2745:
2445:
2413:
2399:
2391:
2325:
1577:
1575:
1573:
1571:
1152:
1150:
1148:
1146:
1144:
1142:
1140:
1138:
1136:
1134:
43:
34:
3013:Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema
2299:
2250:
2186:
2134:
2080:
2054:
2052:
2023:Covington TR, ed. (2002). "Common cold".
1907:Center for Drug Evaluation and Research.
1883:
1796:
1705:
1656:
1607:
1551:
1502:
1267:
1257:
1227:
1225:
1055:
1004:
955:
2059:Chalumeau M, Duijvestijn YC (May 2013).
310:
3037:Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
1162:"Rhinitis Versus Sinusitis in Children"
1030:Viral Infections in Children, Volume II
919:
2274:Zhao Y, Dong BR, Hao Q (August 2022).
154:in origin, but these are less common.
1979:from the original on 16 January 2013.
1727:
1725:
1458:from the original on 12 February 2010
1432:from the original on 16 December 2016
1174:from the original on 16 February 2017
439:Rare in adults, possible in children
7:
2109:Hemilä H, Chalker E (January 2013).
1915:from the original on 12 January 2017
1365:The Lecturio Medical Concept Library
1341:from the original on 26 October 2022
3470:Idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis
2206:from the original on 29 August 2021
1975:. World Health Organization. 2002.
1477:Weidner T, Schurr T (August 2003).
1452:"Common Cold: Treatments and Drugs"
1392:The New England Journal of Medicine
411:Common (mild to moderate, hacking)
94:) is an illness caused by an acute
3059:Vaping-associated pulmonary injury
2422:Diseases of the respiratory system
1483:British Journal of Sports Medicine
414:Common (dry cough, can be severe)
25:
2385:Upper Respiratory Tract Infection
1992:Handbook of Nonprescription Drugs
1839:from the original on 18 June 2024
1582:Reveiz L, Cardona AF (May 2015).
1371:from the original on 10 July 2021
1091:from the original on 18 June 2024
908:Lower respiratory tract infection
241:are often associated with URTIs.
88:upper respiratory tract infection
38:Upper respiratory tract infection
18:Viral upper respiratory infection
4140:Upper respiratory tract diseases
3551:Loss of function (Functio laesa)
1911:. Food and Drug Administration.
1292:from the original on 19 May 2020
1184:
223:Color or consistency changes in
3821:Increased vascular permeability
301:Sexually transmitted infections
3894:List of inflammatory disorders
3873:Erythrocyte sedimentation rate
3475:Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis
2292:10.1002/14651858.CD006895.pub4
2179:10.1002/14651858.CD006821.pub3
2127:10.1002/14651858.CD000980.pub4
2073:10.1002/14651858.CD003124.pub4
1876:10.1002/14651858.CD001831.pub5
1746:10.1002/14651858.CD004417.pub6
1649:10.1002/14651858.CD012252.pub2
1600:10.1002/14651858.CD004783.pub5
722:American Academy of Pediatrics
1:
3049:Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
2243:10.1016/s0140-6736(15)60692-4
1250:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61728-0
1071:Ellis ME (12 February 1998).
997:10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31012-1
948:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6
737:Disability-adjusted life year
676:resistance to the antibiotics
3032:Respiratory hypersensitivity
2970:Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
1777:Health Technology Assessment
894:Weak evidence suggests that
2941:Coalworker's pneumoconiosis
1948:10.1016/j.jpeds.2009.12.004
1544:10.1136/bmj.38028.627593.BE
1404:10.1056/nejm200101183440308
1311:Dasaraju PV, Liu C (1996).
1038:10.1007/978-3-319-54093-1_1
488:Very common (often severe)
282:Corynebacterium diphtheriae
169:Time line for cold symptoms
98:, which involves the upper
4156:
2794:Acute exacerbation of COPD
1833:10.3310/nihrevidence_60506
832:, and history of bleeding
1936:The Journal of Pediatrics
325:
322:
319:
316:
265:streptococcal pharyngitis
232:streptococcal pharyngitis
51:
42:
3577:Plasma-derived mediators
2857:Diffuse panbronchiolitis
2850:Bronchiolitis obliterans
2716:Laryngotracheal stenosis
2663:Laryngopharyngeal reflux
2641:Laryngopharyngeal reflux
2599:Laryngopharyngeal reflux
2527:Nasal septum perforation
582:Streptococcus pneumoniae
270:Streptococcus pneumoniae
3831:Leukocyte extravasation
2605:Retropharyngeal abscess
1698:10.1001/jama.2017.18715
830:coronary artery disease
699:amoxicillin/clavulanate
230:Group A beta-hemolytic
213:, facial pressure, and
3643:Cell-derived mediators
3298:Pulmonary hypertension
3027:Eosinophilic pneumonia
2679:Vocal cord dysfunction
2522:Nasal septum deviation
820:
646:
588:Haemophilus influenzae
276:Haemophilus influenzae
256:Streptococcus pyogenes
170:
3692:synthesized on demand
3425:Mediastinal emphysema
3204:Healthcare-associated
3134:Legionnaires' disease
2560:Peritonsillar abscess
2532:Nasal septal hematoma
1495:10.1136/bjsm.37.4.304
1259:10536/DRO/DU:30050819
735:
618:
507:affects the nose and
261:group A streptococcus
168:
3811:Acute-phase reaction
3172:Mendelson's syndrome
3044:Hamman–Rich syndrome
1317:Medical Microbiology
1315:. In Baron S (ed.).
991:(10053): 1459–1544.
942:(10053): 1545–1602.
853:Alternative medicine
604:Bordetella pertussis
563:Vaccination against
288:Bordetella pertussis
4130:Infectious diseases
3445:Respiratory failure
3412:Mediastinal disease
2980:Bird fancier's lung
2555:Adenoid hypertrophy
1115:Pulmonary infection
1113:Pokorski M (2015).
877:can be of benefit.
844:Mucolytics such as
817: more than 300
331:Itchy, watery eyes
313:
52:Conducting passages
3868:C-reactive protein
3350:Pleuritis/pleurisy
3303:Pulmonary embolism
3199:Community-acquired
3124:Atypical bacterial
3023:Löffler's syndrome
2804:Status asthmaticus
2789:Chronic bronchitis
2674:Vocal fold paresis
2488:Vasomotor rhinitis
1244:(9859): 2095–128.
1204:Heymann D (2015).
1117:. Cham: Springer.
821:
751: less than 10
680:C-reactive protein
647:
598:Bacillus anthracis
463:Fatigue, weakness
323:URI (Common Cold)
311:
294:Bacillus anthracis
171:
161:Signs and symptoms
63:Infectious disease
4117:
4116:
3902:
3901:
3844:
3843:
3766:
3765:
3762:
3761:
3662:Lysosome granules
3483:
3482:
3433:
3432:
3390:Empyema/pyothorax
3322:
3321:
3318:
3317:
3276:
3275:
3209:Hospital-acquired
3067:
3066:
2931:Caplan's syndrome
2724:
2723:
2669:Vocal fold nodule
2493:Atrophic rhinitis
2380:
2379:
2237:(9995): 743–800.
2034:978-1-57439-146-6
2001:978-1-58212-050-8
1692:(23): 2325–2336.
1538:(7438): 499–500.
1326:978-0-9631172-1-2
1215:978-0-87553-018-5
1124:978-3-319-17458-7
1084:978-0-521-40554-6
1047:978-3-319-54093-1
717:cough medications
565:influenza viruses
541:laryngotracheitis
509:paranasal sinuses
492:
491:
359:Nasal congestion
100:respiratory tract
84:
83:
32:Medical condition
16:(Redirected from
4147:
4058:Acute bronchitis
4020:Nasal congestion
4005:Loss of appetite
3929:
3922:
3915:
3906:
3856:Full blood count
3785:Epithelioid cell
3694:
3655:
3648:
3573:
3564:
3541:Swelling (Tumor)
3531:Flushing (Rubor)
3510:
3503:
3496:
3487:
3368:Pleural effusion
3361:Hemopneumothorax
3338:
3092:
3078:
2921:Bauxite fibrosis
2886:External agents/
2883:
2814:Exercise-induced
2770:Acute bronchitis
2746:
2446:
2415:
2408:
2401:
2392:
2326:
2314:
2313:
2303:
2271:
2265:
2264:
2254:
2222:
2216:
2215:
2213:
2211:
2205:
2190:
2164:
2155:
2149:
2148:
2138:
2106:
2095:
2094:
2084:
2056:
2047:
2046:
2020:
2014:
2013:
1987:
1981:
1980:
1974:
1966:
1960:
1959:
1931:
1925:
1924:
1922:
1920:
1904:
1898:
1897:
1887:
1870:(11): CD001831.
1855:
1849:
1848:
1846:
1844:
1817:
1811:
1810:
1800:
1789:10.3310/DGBV3199
1768:
1762:
1761:
1752: 10548498.
1740:(10): CD004417.
1729:
1720:
1719:
1709:
1677:
1671:
1670:
1660:
1628:
1622:
1621:
1611:
1579:
1566:
1565:
1555:
1523:
1517:
1516:
1506:
1474:
1468:
1467:
1465:
1463:
1448:
1442:
1441:
1439:
1437:
1422:
1416:
1415:
1387:
1381:
1380:
1378:
1376:
1367:. 23 July 2020.
1361:"Conjunctivitis"
1357:
1351:
1350:
1348:
1346:
1308:
1302:
1301:
1299:
1297:
1271:
1261:
1229:
1220:
1219:
1200:
1194:
1188:
1187:
1183:
1181:
1179:
1173:
1166:
1158:
1129:
1128:
1110:
1101:
1100:
1098:
1096:
1068:
1062:
1061:
1059:
1025:
1019:
1018:
1008:
976:
970:
969:
959:
927:
890:Dietary research
867:nasal irrigation
816:
810:
804:
798:
792:
786:
780:
774:
768:
762:
756:
750:
744:
642:
636:
630:
624:
345:Nasal discharge
326:Influenza (Flu)
314:
203:nasal congestion
185:, and sometimes
102:, including the
47:
35:
21:
4155:
4154:
4150:
4149:
4148:
4146:
4145:
4144:
4120:
4119:
4118:
4113:
4109:Antiviral drugs
4097:
4044:
3971:
3938:
3933:
3903:
3898:
3889:Lymphadenopathy
3877:
3840:
3799:
3758:
3690:
3685:
3668:biogenic amines
3651:
3637:
3555:
3519:
3514:
3484:
3479:
3429:
3406:
3342:Pleural disease
3331:
3314:
3272:
3234:
3218:By distribution
3213:
3192:By vector/route
3187:
3085:
3073:
3063:
3018:Pulmonary edema
2996:
2891:
2887:
2874:
2870:
2861:
2826:Cystic fibrosis
2753:
2737:
2733:
2720:
2564:
2438:
2432:
2424:
2419:
2381:
2376:
2375:
2337:
2323:
2318:
2317:
2286:(8): CD006895.
2273:
2272:
2268:
2224:
2223:
2219:
2209:
2207:
2203:
2173:(4): CD006821.
2162:
2157:
2156:
2152:
2121:(1): CD000980.
2108:
2107:
2098:
2067:(5): CD003124.
2058:
2057:
2050:
2035:
2022:
2021:
2017:
2002:
1989:
1988:
1984:
1972:
1968:
1967:
1963:
1933:
1932:
1928:
1918:
1916:
1906:
1905:
1901:
1857:
1856:
1852:
1842:
1840:
1819:
1818:
1814:
1770:
1769:
1765:
1731:
1730:
1723:
1679:
1678:
1674:
1643:(9): CD012252.
1630:
1629:
1625:
1594:(5): CD004783.
1581:
1580:
1569:
1525:
1524:
1520:
1476:
1475:
1471:
1461:
1459:
1454:. Mayo Clinic.
1450:
1449:
1445:
1435:
1433:
1424:
1423:
1419:
1389:
1388:
1384:
1374:
1372:
1359:
1358:
1354:
1344:
1342:
1327:
1310:
1309:
1305:
1295:
1293:
1231:
1230:
1223:
1216:
1203:
1201:
1197:
1185:
1177:
1175:
1171:
1164:
1160:
1159:
1132:
1125:
1112:
1111:
1104:
1094:
1092:
1085:
1070:
1069:
1065:
1048:
1027:
1026:
1022:
978:
977:
973:
929:
928:
921:
916:
904:
892:
883:
871:saline solution
855:
842:
819:
818:
814:
812:
808:
806:
802:
800:
796:
794:
790:
788:
784:
782:
778:
776:
772:
770:
766:
764:
760:
758:
754:
752:
748:
746:
742:
730:
713:
660:
645:
644:
640:
638:
634:
632:
628:
626:
622:
613:
561:
497:
443:
392:post-nasal drip
309:
247:
163:
33:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4153:
4151:
4143:
4142:
4137:
4132:
4122:
4121:
4115:
4114:
4112:
4111:
4105:
4103:
4099:
4098:
4096:
4095:
4090:
4085:
4080:
4075:
4070:
4065:
4060:
4054:
4052:
4046:
4045:
4043:
4042:
4037:
4032:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3981:
3979:
3973:
3972:
3970:
3969:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3948:
3946:
3940:
3939:
3934:
3932:
3931:
3924:
3917:
3909:
3900:
3899:
3897:
3896:
3891:
3885:
3883:
3879:
3878:
3876:
3875:
3870:
3865:
3864:
3863:
3852:
3850:
3846:
3845:
3842:
3841:
3839:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3807:
3805:
3801:
3800:
3798:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3776:
3774:
3768:
3767:
3764:
3763:
3760:
3759:
3757:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3745:
3744:
3742:Prostaglandins
3739:
3737:Leukotriene B4
3727:
3726:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3697:
3695:
3687:
3686:
3684:
3683:
3682:
3681:
3676:
3664:
3658:
3656:
3645:
3639:
3638:
3636:
3635:
3634:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3611:
3610:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3587:
3581:
3579:
3570:
3561:
3557:
3556:
3554:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3533:
3527:
3525:
3521:
3520:
3515:
3513:
3512:
3505:
3498:
3490:
3481:
3480:
3478:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3441:
3439:
3435:
3434:
3431:
3430:
3428:
3427:
3422:
3416:
3414:
3408:
3407:
3405:
3404:
3398:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3370:
3364:
3363:
3353:
3352:
3346:
3344:
3335:
3328:Pleural cavity
3324:
3323:
3320:
3319:
3316:
3315:
3313:
3312:
3307:
3306:
3305:
3300:
3290:
3284:
3282:
3278:
3277:
3274:
3273:
3271:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3244:
3242:
3236:
3235:
3233:
3232:
3227:
3221:
3219:
3215:
3214:
3212:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3195:
3193:
3189:
3188:
3186:
3185:
3184:
3183:
3174:
3160:
3155:
3154:
3153:
3143:
3142:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3121:
3120:
3119:
3114:
3104:
3098:
3096:
3089:
3075:
3069:
3068:
3065:
3064:
3062:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3040:
3039:
3029:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3004:
3002:
2998:
2997:
2995:
2994:
2993:
2992:
2990:Lycoperdonosis
2987:
2982:
2977:
2966:
2965:
2964:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2901:Pneumoconiosis
2897:
2895:
2880:
2863:
2862:
2860:
2859:
2854:
2853:
2852:
2842:
2837:
2835:
2829:
2828:
2823:
2821:Bronchiectasis
2818:
2817:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2797:
2791:
2781:
2779:
2773:
2772:
2767:
2765:
2759:
2757:
2743:
2726:
2725:
2722:
2721:
2719:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2706:
2698:
2697:
2692:
2690:
2682:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2660:
2658:
2650:
2649:
2644:
2638:
2633:
2631:Laryngeal cyst
2628:
2626:Laryngomalacia
2623:
2618:
2616:
2608:
2607:
2602:
2596:
2595:
2594:
2584:
2582:
2574:
2572:
2566:
2565:
2563:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2545:
2537:
2536:
2535:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2501:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2480:
2478:
2470:
2469:
2464:
2462:
2454:
2452:
2443:
2426:
2425:
2420:
2418:
2417:
2410:
2403:
2395:
2389:
2388:
2378:
2377:
2374:
2373:
2358:
2338:
2333:
2332:
2330:
2329:Classification
2322:
2321:External links
2319:
2316:
2315:
2266:
2217:
2150:
2096:
2048:
2033:
2015:
2000:
1982:
1961:
1926:
1899:
1850:
1812:
1763:
1721:
1672:
1623:
1567:
1518:
1469:
1443:
1417:
1382:
1352:
1325:
1303:
1221:
1214:
1195:
1130:
1123:
1102:
1083:
1063:
1046:
1020:
971:
918:
917:
915:
912:
911:
910:
903:
900:
891:
888:
882:
879:
854:
851:
846:acetylcysteine
841:
838:
813:
807:
801:
795:
789:
783:
777:
771:
765:
759:
753:
747:
741:
740:
729:
726:
712:
711:Cough medicine
709:
708:
707:
704:
701:
659:
656:
639:
633:
627:
621:
620:
612:
609:
560:
557:
496:
495:Classification
493:
490:
489:
486:
483:
480:
474:
473:
470:
467:
464:
460:
459:
456:
453:
450:
446:
445:
440:
437:
434:
430:
429:
426:
423:
420:
416:
415:
412:
409:
406:
402:
401:
398:
395:
388:
384:
383:
380:
377:
374:
370:
369:
366:
363:
360:
356:
355:
352:
349:
346:
342:
341:
338:
335:
332:
328:
327:
324:
321:
318:
308:
305:
246:
243:
239:conjunctivitis
162:
159:
82:
81:
78:
74:
73:
70:
66:
65:
60:
54:
53:
49:
48:
40:
39:
31:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4152:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4135:Inflammations
4133:
4131:
4128:
4127:
4125:
4110:
4107:
4106:
4104:
4100:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4063:Bronchiolitis
4061:
4059:
4056:
4055:
4053:
4051:
4050:Complications
4047:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3982:
3980:
3978:
3974:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3949:
3947:
3945:
3941:
3937:
3930:
3925:
3923:
3918:
3916:
3911:
3910:
3907:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3886:
3884:
3880:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3862:
3859:
3858:
3857:
3854:
3853:
3851:
3847:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3808:
3806:
3802:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3777:
3775:
3773:
3769:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3734:
3733:
3732:
3728:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3705:
3704:
3703:
3699:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3688:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3671:
3670:
3669:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3640:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3618:
3617:
3616:
3612:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3594:
3593:
3592:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3582:
3580:
3578:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3565:
3562:
3558:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3536:Fever (Calor)
3534:
3532:
3529:
3528:
3526:
3522:
3518:
3511:
3506:
3504:
3499:
3497:
3492:
3491:
3488:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3442:
3440:
3438:Other/general
3436:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3420:Mediastinitis
3418:
3417:
3415:
3413:
3409:
3403:
3400:
3399:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3365:
3362:
3358:
3355:
3354:
3351:
3348:
3347:
3345:
3343:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3329:
3325:
3311:
3308:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3295:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3285:
3283:
3279:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3245:
3243:
3241:
3237:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3222:
3220:
3216:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3196:
3194:
3190:
3182:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3169:
3166:
3165:
3164:
3163:noninfectious
3161:
3159:
3156:
3152:
3149:
3148:
3147:
3144:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3126:
3125:
3122:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3109:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3099:
3097:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3083:
3079:
3076:
3072:Obstructive /
3070:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3038:
3035:
3034:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3005:
3003:
2999:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2985:Farmer's lung
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2972:
2971:
2968:
2967:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2903:
2902:
2899:
2898:
2896:
2894:
2890:
2884:
2881:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2864:
2858:
2855:
2851:
2848:
2847:
2846:
2845:Bronchiolitis
2843:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2830:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2801:
2798:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2786:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2774:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2760:
2758:
2756:
2751:
2747:
2744:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2727:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2705:
2704:
2700:
2699:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2689:
2688:
2684:
2683:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2657:
2656:
2652:
2651:
2648:
2645:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2615:
2614:
2610:
2609:
2606:
2603:
2600:
2597:
2593:
2590:
2589:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2581:
2580:
2576:
2575:
2573:
2571:
2567:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2544:
2543:
2539:
2538:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2519:
2518:
2517:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2485:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2477:
2476:
2472:
2471:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2461:
2460:
2456:
2455:
2453:
2451:
2447:
2444:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2427:
2423:
2416:
2411:
2409:
2404:
2402:
2397:
2396:
2393:
2386:
2383:
2382:
2372:
2368:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2357:
2353:
2349:
2348:
2344:
2340:
2339:
2336:
2331:
2327:
2320:
2311:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2293:
2289:
2285:
2281:
2277:
2270:
2267:
2262:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2221:
2218:
2202:
2198:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2161:
2154:
2151:
2146:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2105:
2103:
2101:
2097:
2092:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2055:
2053:
2049:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2030:
2026:
2019:
2016:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1997:
1993:
1986:
1983:
1978:
1971:
1965:
1962:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1930:
1927:
1914:
1910:
1903:
1900:
1895:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1854:
1851:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1825:NIHR Evidence
1822:
1816:
1813:
1808:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1767:
1764:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1728:
1726:
1722:
1717:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1683:
1676:
1673:
1668:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1627:
1624:
1619:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1578:
1576:
1574:
1572:
1568:
1563:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1522:
1519:
1514:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1473:
1470:
1457:
1453:
1447:
1444:
1431:
1427:
1421:
1418:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1398:(3): 205–11.
1397:
1393:
1386:
1383:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1356:
1353:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1307:
1304:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1270:
1265:
1260:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1228:
1226:
1222:
1217:
1211:
1207:
1199:
1196:
1192:
1191:public domain
1170:
1163:
1157:
1155:
1153:
1151:
1149:
1147:
1145:
1143:
1141:
1139:
1137:
1135:
1131:
1126:
1120:
1116:
1109:
1107:
1103:
1090:
1086:
1080:
1076:
1075:
1067:
1064:
1058:
1053:
1049:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1024:
1021:
1016:
1012:
1007:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
986:
982:
975:
972:
967:
963:
958:
953:
949:
945:
941:
937:
933:
926:
924:
920:
913:
909:
906:
905:
901:
899:
897:
889:
887:
880:
878:
876:
872:
868:
863:
860:
852:
850:
847:
839:
837:
835:
831:
827:
811: 270–300
805: 240–270
799: 210–240
793: 180–210
787: 150–180
781: 120–150
745: no data
738:
734:
728:Decongestants
727:
725:
723:
718:
710:
705:
702:
700:
696:
692:
691:
690:
687:
685:
684:procalcitonin
681:
677:
673:
669:
665:
657:
655:
652:
617:
610:
608:
606:
605:
600:
599:
594:
590:
589:
584:
583:
578:
574:
570:
566:
558:
556:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
494:
487:
484:
481:
479:
476:
475:
471:
468:
465:
462:
461:
457:
454:
451:
448:
447:
441:
438:
435:
432:
431:
427:
424:
421:
418:
417:
413:
410:
407:
404:
403:
399:
396:
393:
389:
386:
385:
381:
378:
375:
372:
371:
367:
364:
361:
358:
357:
353:
350:
347:
344:
343:
339:
336:
333:
330:
329:
315:
306:
304:
302:
298:
296:
295:
290:
289:
284:
283:
278:
277:
272:
271:
266:
262:
258:
257:
251:
244:
242:
240:
235:
233:
228:
226:
221:
218:
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
183:ear infection
180:
176:
167:
160:
158:
155:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
79:
75:
71:
67:
64:
61:
59:
55:
50:
46:
41:
36:
30:
19:
4093:Strep throat
4073:Otitis media
4015:Muscle aches
3861:Leukocytosis
3816:Vasodilation
3749:Nitric oxide
3729:
3700:
3691:
3666:
3652:
3613:
3589:
3546:Pain (Dolor)
3517:Inflammation
3357:Pneumothorax
3310:Lung abscess
3292:
3162:
3151:Pneumocystis
3112:Pneumococcal
2893:lung disease
2889:occupational
2867:Interstitial
2832:
2776:
2762:
2735:lung disease
2701:
2695:Epiglottitis
2685:
2653:
2647:Laryngospasm
2611:
2592:Strep throat
2577:
2540:
2516:nasal septum
2514:
2473:
2457:
2434:
2429:
2360:
2341:
2283:
2279:
2269:
2234:
2230:
2220:
2208:. Retrieved
2170:
2166:
2153:
2118:
2114:
2064:
2024:
2018:
1991:
1985:
1964:
1942:(3): 352–8.
1939:
1935:
1929:
1917:. Retrieved
1902:
1867:
1863:
1853:
1841:. Retrieved
1824:
1815:
1780:
1776:
1766:
1737:
1733:
1689:
1685:
1675:
1640:
1636:
1626:
1591:
1587:
1535:
1531:
1521:
1489:(4): 304–6.
1486:
1482:
1472:
1460:. Retrieved
1446:
1434:. Retrieved
1420:
1395:
1391:
1385:
1373:. Retrieved
1364:
1355:
1343:. Retrieved
1316:
1306:
1294:. Retrieved
1241:
1237:
1205:
1198:
1176:. Retrieved
1114:
1093:. Retrieved
1073:
1066:
1029:
1023:
988:
984:
974:
939:
935:
893:
884:
881:Epidemiology
875:nasal sprays
864:
856:
843:
826:hypertension
822:
775: 90–120
714:
688:
672:Erythromycin
668:erythromycin
664:penicillin V
661:
648:
602:
596:
586:
580:
569:adenoviruses
562:
537:epiglottitis
515:affects the
498:
458:Very common
397:Very common
387:Sore throat
379:Very common
376:Very common
299:
292:
286:
280:
274:
268:
254:
252:
248:
236:
229:
222:
219:
209:, low-grade
172:
156:
140:otitis media
91:
87:
85:
29:
4078:Pharyngitis
4035:Sore throat
3962:Enterovirus
3957:Coronavirus
3936:Common cold
3731:eicosanoids
3615:coagulation
3455:Common cold
3402:Fibrothorax
3385:Chylothorax
3380:Hydrothorax
3333:mediastinum
3293:circulatory
3288:Atelectasis
3095:By pathogen
3087:pneumonitis
3074:Restrictive
3054:Sarcoidosis
2926:Berylliosis
2872:restrictive
2833:unspecified
2755:obstructive
2738:(including
2655:vocal cords
2587:Pharyngitis
2550:Tonsillitis
2505:Nasal polyp
2440:common cold
2433:(including
1783:(9): 1–90.
1436:19 December
1178:19 December
769: 60–90
763: 30–60
757: 10–30
695:amoxicillin
658:Antibiotics
525:hypopharynx
478:Muscle pain
442:Very common
390:Sometimes (
195:sore throat
144:common cold
128:pharyngitis
124:tonsillitis
4124:Categories
4025:Rhinorrhea
3967:Rhinovirus
3952:Adenovirus
3836:Chemotaxis
3790:Giant cell
3780:Macrophage
3621:Factor XII
3591:complement
3585:Bradykinin
3375:Hemothorax
3177:Aspiration
3139:Chlamydiae
3129:Mycoplasma
3117:Klebsiella
2975:Bagassosis
2961:Byssinosis
2936:Chalicosis
2911:Asbestosis
2906:Aluminosis
2840:Bronchitis
2711:Tracheitis
2687:epiglottis
2636:Laryngitis
2510:Rhinorrhea
2210:4 November
1919:23 January
1843:4 December
914:References
896:probiotics
840:Mucolytics
651:analgesics
643: 3–29
593:diphtheria
559:Prevention
553:subglottic
547:is in the
545:tracheitis
469:Sometimes
466:Sometimes
455:Sometimes
452:Sometimes
408:Sometimes
400:Sometimes
382:Sometimes
368:Sometimes
199:runny nose
187:bronchitis
152:helminthic
142:, and the
132:laryngitis
4088:Sinusitis
4083:Pneumonia
3795:Granuloma
3702:cytokines
3679:Serotonin
3674:Histamine
3653:preformed
3560:Mechanism
3450:Influenza
3395:Malignant
3158:Parasitic
3107:Bacterial
3082:Pneumonia
2951:Silicosis
2946:Siderosis
2916:Baritosis
2750:Bronchial
2498:Hay fever
2467:Sinusitis
1462:9 January
859:vitamin C
682:testing,
611:Treatment
505:sinusitis
422:Uncommon
419:Headache
373:Sneezing
317:Symptoms
307:Diagnosis
179:sinusitis
136:sinusitis
96:infection
69:Frequency
58:Specialty
4040:Weakness
4030:Sneezing
4000:Headache
3977:Symptoms
3631:Thrombin
3524:Symptoms
3465:COVID-19
3258:BOOP-COP
3225:Broncho-
3168:Chemical
2956:Talcosis
2877:fibrosis
2730:Lower RT
2483:Rhinitis
2430:Upper RT
2310:36001877
2261:26063472
2201:Archived
2197:25892369
2145:23440782
2091:23728642
2082:11285305
2043:52895543
2010:56446842
1977:Archived
1956:20176183
1913:Archived
1894:25420096
1837:Archived
1807:37436003
1798:10350739
1758:37791590
1716:29260224
1667:28881002
1618:26002823
1562:14988184
1513:12893713
1456:Archived
1430:Archived
1412:11172144
1369:Archived
1339:Archived
1335:21413304
1290:Archived
1278:23245604
1269:10790329
1169:Archived
1089:Archived
1015:27733281
966:27733282
902:See also
501:Rhinitis
449:Malaise
320:Allergy
215:sneezing
207:headache
175:rhinitis
4010:Malaise
3990:Fatigue
3944:Viruses
3882:General
3826:Exudate
3772:Chronic
3626:Plasmin
2777:chronic
2703:trachea
2579:pharynx
2459:sinuses
2301:9400717
2252:4561509
2188:9475221
2136:1160577
1885:7061814
1707:5820700
1658:6483738
1609:6486127
1532:The BMJ
1504:1724675
1375:10 July
1345:10 July
1286:1541253
1057:7121526
1006:5388903
957:5055577
834:strokes
637: 2
631: 1
625: 0
577:rubella
573:measles
549:trachea
533:tonsils
521:pharynx
485:Slight
428:Common
365:Common
362:Common
354:Common
351:Common
348:Common
334:Common
120:trachea
112:pharynx
108:sinuses
3754:Kinins
3146:Fungal
2800:Asthma
2613:larynx
2542:tonsil
2356:J30-39
2352:J00-06
2308:
2298:
2259:
2249:
2231:Lancet
2195:
2185:
2143:
2133:
2089:
2079:
2041:
2031:
2008:
1998:
1954:
1892:
1882:
1805:
1795:
1756:
1714:
1704:
1665:
1655:
1616:
1606:
1560:
1553:351843
1550:
1511:
1501:
1410:
1333:
1323:
1296:3 June
1284:
1276:
1266:
1238:Lancet
1212:
1121:
1095:1 July
1081:
1054:
1044:
1013:
1003:
985:Lancet
964:
954:
936:Lancet
815:
809:
803:
797:
791:
785:
779:
773:
767:
761:
755:
749:
743:
641:
635:
629:
623:
601:, and
555:area.
531:, and
482:Never
436:Never
433:Fever
405:Cough
291:, and
225:mucous
148:fungal
116:larynx
77:Deaths
72:(2015)
4102:Drugs
4068:Croup
3995:Fever
3985:Cough
3849:Tests
3804:Other
3718:TNF-α
3708:IFN-γ
3568:Acute
3281:Other
3230:Lobar
3181:Lipid
3102:Viral
3001:Other
2763:acute
2740:LRTIs
2665:(LPR)
2643:(LPR)
2621:Croup
2601:(LPR)
2435:URTIs
2371:465.9
2204:(PDF)
2163:(PDF)
1973:(xls)
1282:S2CID
1172:(PDF)
1165:(PDF)
869:with
529:uvula
517:nares
425:Rare
245:Cause
211:fever
191:cough
80:3,100
3723:IL-1
3713:IL-8
3460:SARS
3263:NSIP
3008:ARDS
2809:AERD
2784:COPD
2570:Neck
2475:nose
2450:Head
2366:9-CM
2306:PMID
2284:2022
2257:PMID
2212:2018
2193:PMID
2171:2015
2141:PMID
2119:2013
2087:PMID
2039:OCLC
2029:ISBN
2006:OCLC
1996:ISBN
1952:PMID
1921:2017
1890:PMID
1868:2014
1845:2023
1803:PMID
1754:PMID
1738:2023
1712:PMID
1686:JAMA
1663:PMID
1641:2019
1614:PMID
1592:2015
1558:PMID
1509:PMID
1464:2010
1438:2016
1408:PMID
1377:2021
1347:2021
1331:PMID
1321:ISBN
1298:2020
1274:PMID
1210:ISBN
1180:2016
1119:ISBN
1097:2021
1079:ISBN
1042:ISBN
1011:PMID
962:PMID
666:and
551:and
259:, a
104:nose
92:URTI
3607:MAC
3602:C5a
3253:DIP
3248:UIP
3240:IIP
2362:ICD
2343:ICD
2296:PMC
2288:doi
2247:PMC
2239:doi
2235:386
2183:PMC
2175:doi
2131:PMC
2123:doi
2077:PMC
2069:doi
1944:doi
1940:156
1880:PMC
1872:doi
1829:doi
1793:PMC
1785:doi
1750:PMC
1742:doi
1702:PMC
1694:doi
1690:318
1653:PMC
1645:doi
1604:PMC
1596:doi
1548:PMC
1540:doi
1536:328
1499:PMC
1491:doi
1400:doi
1396:344
1264:PMC
1254:hdl
1246:doi
1242:380
1052:PMC
1034:doi
1001:PMC
993:doi
989:388
952:PMC
944:doi
940:388
263:in
150:or
118:or
86:An
4126::
3597:C3
3268:RB
2369::
2354:,
2350::
2347:10
2304:.
2294:.
2282:.
2278:.
2255:.
2245:.
2233:.
2229:.
2199:.
2191:.
2181:.
2169:.
2165:.
2139:.
2129:.
2117:.
2113:.
2099:^
2085:.
2075:.
2063:.
2051:^
2037:.
2004:.
1950:.
1938:.
1888:.
1878:.
1866:.
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