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The old theatre hosted its last festival in 1992, and construction of a brand-new theatre began. It was completed at a cost of £34 million, 90 per cent of which was raised through donations, which gave the donors control of 28% of the seats. The inaugural performance in the new theatre on 28 May
601:
In 2008–9, Glyndebourne erected a temporary 50 m (160 ft) mast on Mill Plain to monitor meteorological conditions for a year, prior to erection of the turbine. The data collected showed lower wind levels than had been predicted at this location, perhaps because 2008–9 had lower wind levels
527:
The design of the theatre, a large brick oval building, has resulted in a four-level, horseshoe-shaped auditorium with main level seating, two balconies, and a gallery topped with a circular roof. The over 60-foot (18 m) high stage building is semi-circular in shape and allows for the efficient
453:
Hill, Norman and Beard built the pipe organ in 1924, and it gradually expanded over the years. John
Christie owned a considerable share in the company. Currently, the organ is a gutted shell, the pipes having been donated to various churches for the construction of new organs after World War II. The
445:
Productions were interrupted by the Second World War, during which time the house became an evacuation centre for children from London. After 1945 the festival slowly began again. Until 1951, the entire burden of financing the opera festival was undertaken by John
Christie himself, but, in 1952, the
322:
obtained the use of the house in 1913 after the death of
William Langham Christie, his grandfather. He came into full legal possession of the estate in 1920. Among other renovations, he added to the house an organ room, 80 feet (24 m) long, in the process almost doubling the length of the south
285:
Unfortunately none of these claims finds ready support in the records of East India
Company or indeed in any accounts of the period. The rank of major seems to have been a later invention. There was indeed a Major Christie of the Madras Engineers, however he was shot dead by a Cossack near the river
290:
in 1812, some three years after Daniel
Christie had died. In his will, Daniel Christie refers to himself as formerly a captain in the service of the English East India Company under the presidency of Bombay, there being no mention of higher rank or of an engineering connection. The Christie family
238:
makes an early 16th-century date the most likely. In 1618, it came into the possession of the Hay family, passing to James Hay
Langham in 1824. He inherited his father's baronetcy and estate in Northamptonshire in 1833 which under the terms of his inheritance should have led to him relinquishing
310:
Whatever the truth regarding his origins, rank or source of sudden wealth, Daniel
Christie undoubtedly returned to England with a fortune estimated at £20,000 (equivalent to about £35 million in 2021 values), and his second marriage to Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Purbeck Langham, ultimately
493:
By the late 1980s the theatre's expansion, which had proceeded in a somewhat piecemeal fashion, included an agglomeration of outbuildings which housed restaurants, dressing rooms, storage and other facilities. It became clear to George
Christie that a completely new theatre - and not just an
441:
John
Christie's original theatre was soon enlarged and improved many times after its initial construction. As early as 1936 its capacity was increased to 433; by 1952 it held nearly 600, and finally, in 1977, it held 850 people. In addition, a rehearsal hall was constructed.
362:
festivals, which gave them the idea of bringing professional opera to
Glyndebourne, although Christie's original concept was for it to be similar to the Bayreuth Festival. As their ideas evolved, the concept changed to focus on smaller-scale productions of operas by
294:
The only Daniel Christie to be found for this period in the East India Company records is a surgeon's mate of the Sixth Regiment of Bombay Native Infantry. The Christie family pedigree claims that in 1782 Christin served in the war against
602:
than usual. The turbine was launched in January 2012. In the first five years since it was launched, the turbine generated the equivalent of 102% of Glyndebourne's annual electricity requirements, outperforming its annual target of 90%.
593:
for a wind turbine in January 2007. The council granted permission in July 2007, but the decision was called in by the Secretary of State because of the wider implications of the proposal for renewable energy development in the
454:
organ originally contained four manuals and 46 stops, but this was eventually expanded to 106 stops, unusual for an English-built organ in having multiple diapason chorus ranks of pipes.
291:
pedigree cites Daniel Christie's dates of promotion, first to Lieutenant in 1781 and to Captain in 1783, however no records to support these claims have been offered or traced thus far.
598:
Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty, and strong opposition from countryside protection groups and local residents. On 10 July 2008, the Secretary of State granted planning permission.
243:
he was unable to do so. After litigation the estate passed to a relative, Mr Langham Christie, but he later had to pay £50,000 to persuade another relative to withdraw a rival claim.
282:
rising to the rank of major, and the family fortune was made when he was given a hoard of gems by a Sultan in thanks for having prevented his troops from pillaging a harem.
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appearance which can still be seen from the gardens today. Some of the exterior of the older parts of the house can be seen from the driveway next to the theatre.
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company who had been engaged to add a touch of professionalism to the proceedings. They were married on 4 June 1931. During their honeymoon, they attended the
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331:(bought by Christie in 1923). After the Second World War, John Christie made a gift of sections of the soundboards, pipes and structural parts to the rebuilt
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303:. That Hyder Ali died in that year and that there was extensive looting by East India Company soldiers from Ali's palace, as was commonplace throughout the
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Since its establishment in 1986, Glyndebourne's education department has undertaken an array of projects within the local community. Schools around the
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Kennedy, p. 6, notes in a caption of a 1756 watercolour: "The original fifteenth century house is almost hidden behind the imposing addition"
62:
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his name to Christie on entering the army of the East India Company. According to frequently published accounts, Daniel Christin joined the
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in a design competition, Christie announced in 1990 that a new theatre, capable of seating 1,200 people, would be constructed in 1992.
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area often visit the venue for performances and workshops. Youth opera projects are also undertaken such as the recent production of
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at Glynde Bourne (as it was often spelt) since the fifteenth century", but the exact age of the house is unknown. Some surviving
744:
Tory and Whig : the parliamentary papers of Edward Harley, 3rd Earl of Oxford, and William Hay, M.P. for Seaford, 1716-1753
574:
447:
446:
Glyndebourne Festival Society was formed to take over the financial management. Christie's death in 1962 resulted in his son
435:
319:
117:
1489:
David Pickard, "A Seasonal message from David Pickard, General Director". Glyndebourne Festival Opera, 13 December 2011
548:
for 14- to 19-year-olds and the previous Hip H'Opera project in 2006 - timed to coincide with the 250th anniversary of
528:
flying and storage of scenery. The acoustics, by Derek Sugden and Rob Harris of Arup Acoustics, have received praise.
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had conducted the first music heard in the renovated Glyndebourne opera house in 1934, in private performances, at
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evenings in this room. At one of these evenings in 1931, he met his future wife, the Sussex-born Canadian soprano
746:. Taylor, Stephen, Jones, Clyve, and Parliamentary History Yearbook Trust. Suffolk: Boydell Press. pp. xix.
586:, erected in 1706, was used until 1921, but collapsed in 1925, and the trestle timbers were blown down in 1964.
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728:
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As an annex to the organ room, the Christies built a fully equipped and up-to-date theatre with a 300-seat
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250:, made substantial alterations to the house in the 1870s. First, a brick extension hid its 17th-century
199:
404:
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1484:
Julian Rhodes, "British Residence Organs of the Romantic Zenith", Julian Rhodes' Dream Organs blog
485:
450:(later Sir George) taking over, and additional changes and improvements to the theatre continued.
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After extensive rehearsals, the first six-week season opened on 28 May 1934 with a performance of
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Susan Aspen, "Pastoral Retreats: Playing at Arcadia in Modern Britain", Susan Aspen, ed.,
820:
The Military History of the Madras Engineers and Pioneers from 1743 up to the Present Time
351:
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1090:. Kennedy, Joyce Bourne,, Rutherford-Johnson, Tim (Sixth ed.). Oxford. p. 337.
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since 1988 in projects such as inmate-designed puppet shows influenced by works such as
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was engaged to install bay windows and add decorative brickwork to give the house the
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Langham Christie was the son of one Daniel Christin, a Swiss of obscure origins who
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287:
19:
This article is about the country house and its opera house. For the festival, see
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892:"Registers of Employees of the East India Company and the India Office, 1746-1939"
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façade of the house. This room contained one of the largest organs outside of a
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218:, England, is thought to be about six hundred years old and listed at grade II.
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1994, given 60 years to the day after the old theatre's first performance, was
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1290:"Glyndebourne celebrates five successful years of its on-site wind turbine"
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enlargement of the old one - was necessary. Having chosen the architects
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1480:- sound recordings of interviews with gardeners, musicians and staff.
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John Christie's fondness for music led him to hold regular amateur
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became general manager until 1949. All three men were exiles from
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918:
War, Culture and Society in Early Modern South Asia, 1740-1849
1043:"Remembering Sir George Christie (1934-2014) | The Arts Desk"
187:
1017:
Operatic Geographies: The Place of Opera and the Opera House
862:
Howard, Joseph Jackson and Crisp, Frederick Arthur. (1894).
1268:"Attenborough launches iconic wind turbine at Glyndebourne"
175:
367:
more suited to the intimate scale of the planned theatre.
169:
457:
A short semi-documentary film was made in 1955 entitled
311:
brought Glyndebourne into the Christin/Christie family.
787:
785:
1437:, Santa Fe, New Mexico: John Muir Publications, 1991.
582:
Glyndebourne has featured windmills for many years. A
489:
Interior of the present Glyndebourne Opera House, 2008
1248:(Press release). Lewes District Council. 11 July 2008
190:
178:
1270:(Press release). Glyndebourne Opera. 20 January 2012
463:, featuring excerpts from that year's production of
206:
that, since 1934, has been the venue for the annual
184:
181:
172:
578:
The Glyndebourne wind turbine, viewed from the rear
166:
116:
100:
90:
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30:
1019:, Chicago University Press, 2019, 195-212, p. 201.
668:"Glyndebourne: the love story that started it all"
1435:Opera: the Guide to Western Europe's Great Houses
589:Glyndebourne applied for planning permission to
339:); the case and console remain at Glyndebourne.
1086:Kennedy, Michael, 1926-2014 (15 August 2013).
552:'s birth. The department has also worked with
16:English country house in East Sussex, England
8:
876:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
774:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
327:in the country. It was built by the firm of
1122:) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
793:"Country House Rescue: Tapeley Park, Devon"
1469:
1126:) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1118:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
51:Glyndebourne manor house in September 2021
27:
1246:"Glyndebourne wind turbine gets go ahead"
864:Visitation of England and Wales, Volume 2
666:Christiansen, Rupert (18 February 2016).
621:
619:
1544:Grade II listed buildings in East Sussex
258:was added. Then, in 1876, the architect
742:Oxford, Edward Harley, Earl of (1998).
615:
1111:
869:
767:
1478:An oral history of Glyndebourne opera
1328:, The Vendome Press, New York, 1995.
1224:"Hip-hop Mozart's Glyndebourne debut"
1152:"At Home Abroad; To Love and Be Wise"
1011:
1009:
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1554:Houses completed in the 15th century
1066:Milnes, Rodney. 'On Such A Night' -
984:. Aries, Julia. Shire Publications.
469:and with glimpses of John Christie,
270:Swiss origins of the Christie family
69:
1369:, Oxford: Shire Publications, 2010
1345:, London: Thames and Hudson, 1994.
1292:(Press release). Glyndebourne Opera
1076:, 2010 Festivals Issue, page 44-47.
982:Glyndebourne : a short history
942:"Summer arts: An operatic journey"
940:Grant, Richard E. (20 June 2012).
645:National Heritage List for England
513:The balcony of the present theatre
333:Guards Chapel, Wellington Barracks
14:
1463:collected news and commentary at
1423:, New York: Citadel Press, 1996.
1421:The Opera Lover's Guide to Europe
1199:"Knight Crew - about the project"
718:Sussex Archaeological Collections
239:Glyndebourne, but as a certified
1343:Glyndebourne - Building a Vision
727:
162:
68:
61:
45:
36:
1406:, London: Jonathan Cape, 1985.
1315:Great Opera Houses of the World
1070:rediscovers a Glyndbourne gem.
1549:1934 establishments in England
1539:Music venues completed in 1994
1529:Music venues completed in 1934
1150:Anthony Lewis (11 July 1994).
1088:The Oxford dictionary of music
834:"Will of Daniel Beat Christie"
395:. Christie engaged conductor
1:
1504:Country houses in East Sussex
1367:Glyndebourne; A Short History
1041:Dickie, Brian (10 May 2014).
399:as the first music director,
379:The organ room, 1 August 2006
335:(which had been destroyed in
254:, while ornate stonework and
403:, the Intendant of Berlin's
329:Hill, Norman & Beard Ltd
1519:Opera in the United Kingdom
1514:Glyndebourne Festival Opera
1455:Glyndebourne Festival Opera
1404:Fifty Years of Glyndebourne
208:Glyndebourne Festival Opera
77:Location within East Sussex
21:Glyndebourne Festival Opera
1585:
1534:Theatres completed in 1994
1524:Theatres completed in 1934
980:Kennedy, Michael. (2019).
818:Vibart, Major H M (1883).
407:as artistic director, and
315:Origins of the opera house
210:. The house, located near
18:
1326:Opera Houses of the World
711:"The Glyndebourne Legend"
307:, is perhaps suggestive.
56:
44:
35:
1559:Ewan Christian buildings
1395:. London: Penguin Books.
1362:, London: Methuen, 1965.
640:"Glyndebourne (1353005)"
248:William Langham Christie
246:Langham Christie's son,
31:Glyndebourne Manor House
1509:Opera houses in England
916:Kaushik, Roy. (2011).
591:Lewes District Council
579:
514:
490:
380:
1474:, includes live video
1341:, and Rosy Runciman,
1321:magazine, London 2003
1313:Allison, John (ed.),
838:The National Archives
709:Kay, John E. (1987).
577:
512:
488:
391:capable of holding a
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200:English country house
1400:Norwich, John Julius
1391:Buildings of England
866:. Privately printed.
350:, a singer with the
234:and pre-Elizabethan
222:History of the house
140:50.87833°N 0.06389°E
1433:Zeitz, Karyl Lynn,
1324:Beauvert, Thierry,
1031:, July 1972, p. 178
481:The present theatre
136: /
86:General information
1457:, official website
1365:Kennedy, Michael,
1179:. Glyndebourne.com
580:
521:Le nozze di Figaro
515:
504:Hopkins Architects
491:
466:Le nozze di Figaro
421:Le nozze di Figaro
393:symphony orchestra
381:
226:"There had been a
1417:Plantamura, Carol
1375:978-0-7478-0821-3
1097:978-0-19-957854-2
991:978-1-78442-422-0
840:. 6 December 1809
371:The first theatre
305:Anglo-Mysore Wars
202:, the site of an
155:
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145:50.87833; 0.06389
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1317:, supplement to
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799:. 13 March 2011
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546:Knight Crew
409:Rudolf Bing
397:Fritz Busch
228:manor house
216:East Sussex
204:opera house
143: /
118:Coordinates
110:East Sussex
95:Manor house
1498:Categories
1381:Nairn, Ian
1000:1099567585
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606:References
475:Carl Ebert
401:Carl Ebert
385:auditorium
276:anglicised
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128:50°52′42″N
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680:0307-1235
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554:HMP Lewes
532:Education
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337:the Blitz
325:cathedral
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714:(PDF)
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558:Verdi
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106:Lewes
104:Near
1439:ISBN
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