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69:
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82:
664:
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786:
1160: oz) of liquorice confectionery. Although liquorice is considered safe as a food ingredient, glycyrrhizin can cause serious side effects if consumed in large amounts (above 0.2 mg per kg per day). One estimate is that a normal healthy person can consume 10 mg (0.15 grains) of glycyrrhizic acid per day.
991:
In Italy, Spain and France, liquorice is used in its natural form. The root of the plant is simply harvested, washed, dried, and chewed as a mouth freshener. Throughout Italy, unsweetened liquorice is consumed in the form of small black pieces made only from 100% pure liquorice extract. In
758:. Liquorice provides tobacco products with a natural sweetness and a distinctive flavour that blends readily with the natural and imitation flavouring components employed in the tobacco industry. Liquorice can also be added to cigarette
2097:
Yu JJ, Zhang CS, Coyle ME, Du Y, Zhang AL, Guo X, Xue CC, Lu C (2017). "Compound glycyrrhizin plus conventional therapy for psoriasis vulgaris: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials".
729:
Liquorice grows best in well-drained soils in deep valleys with full sun. It is harvested in the autumn two to three years after planting. Countries producing liquorice include Turkey, Greece, Iran, and Iraq.
1892:
Somjen D, Katzburg S, Vaya J, Kaye AM, Hendel D, Posner GH, Tamir S (2004). "Estrogenic activity of glabridin and glabrene from licorice roots on human osteoblasts and prepubertal rat skeletal tissues".
1163:
Because the composition of liquorice extracts in various products may exist in a broad range, there is not enough scientific information to determine that a specific level of intake is safe or unsafe.
1338:
4641:
1707:
4661:
1132:, if not consumed excessively. Other jurisdictions have suggested no more than 100–200 mg (1.5–3.1 grains) of glycyrrhizin per day, the equivalent of about 70–150 g (
980:
were originally made there. In
Cumbria, County Durham, Yorkshire and Lancashire, it is colloquially known as 'Spanish', supposedly because Spanish monks grew liquorice root at
3735:
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317:
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1197:
syndrome can occur when the body retains sodium, and loses potassium, altering biochemical and hormonal regulation. Some of these activities may include raised
1008:
called acqua d'orcio is made. In some parts of the Arab world, including Syria, Egypt, and
Palestine, it is consumed as a cold beverage, especially in Ramadan.
1186:(75 to 540 mg per day glycyrrhetinic acid) causing increases in blood pressure. Consuming large amounts of liquorice during pregnancy has been associated with
447:, a key component of liquorice) can lead to undesirable consequences. Clinically, it is suspected that overindulgence in liquorice may manifest as unexplained
1302:
2484:
952:
Dried sticks of the liquorice root are a traditional confectionery in the
Netherlands as were they once in Britain. They were sold simply as sticks of
4328:
1982:
4393:
4341:
3728:
2527:
1936:
Tamir S, Eizenberg M, Somjen D, Izrael S, Vaya J (2001). "Estrogen-like activity of glabrene and other constituents isolated from licorice root".
1390:
1381:
4520:
4035:
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305:
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to indicate it is safe or effective for any medicinal purpose. The
European Medical Agency added liquorice to their list of herbal medicine.
4245:
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1287:
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4240:
3721:
2520:
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3641:
2025:
1880:
1864:
869:
367:
2079:
4108:
1224:, weight gain, heart problems, and weakness. Symptoms depend on the severity of toxicity. Some other complaints include fatigue,
1628:
Omar HR, Komarova I, El-Ghonemi M, Fathy A, Rashad R, Abdelmalak HD, Yerramadha MR, Ali Y, Helal E, Camporesi EM (August 2012).
766:
banned the use of any "characterizing flavors" other than menthol from cigarettes, but not other manufactured tobacco products.
4367:
323:
2438:
Armanini D, Fiore C, Mattarello MJ, Bielenberg J, Palermo M (September 2002). "History of the endocrine effects of licorice".
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2003:
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188:
1125:
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1275:
1085:'sweet grass'), and is believed to "harmonize" the ingredients in a formula. although there is no high-quality
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4181:
4045:
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1769:
822:
81:
1314:
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Some adverse effects of liquorice consumed in amounts of 50 to 200 g per day over four weeks appear to be caused by
4590:
4533:
3654:
2995:
2945:
2188:
Mamedov NA, Egamberdieva D (2019). "Phytochemical
Constituents and Pharmacological Effects of Licorice: A Review".
1747:
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803:
37:
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33:
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1684:
1543:. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, US National Institutes of Health. August 2020
3974:
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3127:
2813:
2773:
2735:
2558:
2233:
Størmer F, Reistad R, Alexander J (1993). "Glycyrrhizic acid in liquorice—Evaluation of health hazard".
1979:
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are a particular concern for people with hypertension (high blood pressure) or heart or kidney disease.
1060:
1015:, licorice root is traditionally made into a chilled beverage that is most commonly consumed in summer.
529:
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976:, England, is where liquorice mixed with sugar began to be used as a sweet in the contemporary way.
68:
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3249:
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2908:
2278:"The Influence of Glycyrrhetinic Acid on Plasma Cortisol and Cortisone in Healthy Young Volunteers"
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in nature, because of the inhibitory effect that its chief active constituents, glycyrrhizin and
1103:
709:
The scent of liquorice root comes from a complex and variable combination of compounds, of which
429:
245:
76:
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3600:
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455:), and muscle weakness in individuals. Consuming liquorice should be avoided during pregnancy.
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1953:
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1183:
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922:
546:, 'to become fluid', reflecting the method of extracting the sweet component from the roots.
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2404:
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2197:
2107:
1945:
1902:
1649:
1641:
1072:
1047:, but the low quality of studies as of 2017 prevents conclusions about efficacy and safety.
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119:
44:
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regards that foods containing liquorice and its derivatives (including glycyrrhizin) are
540:
and referring to the plant's smooth husks; the former came to being via the influence of
691:, glycyrrhizin, exists in content of 7% to 10%, depending on cultivation practices. The
4507:
3908:
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721:. The sweetness is different from sugar, being less instant, tart, and lasting longer.
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1001:
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237:
2424:
2325:
Blachley JD, Knochel JP (1980). "Tobacco Chewer's
Hypokalemia: Licorice Revisited".
1965:
1922:
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742:, for flavour-enhancing and moistening agents in the manufacture of American blend
656:
506:
448:
443:. Excessive consumption of liquorice (more than 2 mg/kg per day of pure
413:
2111:
949:
where liquorice flavoured alcohols are sold, particularly in
Denmark and Finland.
471:
17:
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2395:
Olukoga A, Donaldson D (June 2000). "Liquorice and its health implications".
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1499:
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in liquorice comes from glycyrrhizin, which has 30–50 times the sweetness of
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Mackenzie MA, Hoefnagels WH, Jansen RW, Benraad TJ, Kloppenborg PW (1990).
2119:
1957:
1914:
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2381:
2354:
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As of 2021, its
English common name is spelled 'liquorice' in most of the
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2783:
2778:
2768:
2610:
1875:
Brown, D., ed. (1995). "The RHS encyclopedia of herbs and their uses".
1040:
1035:
Properties of glycyrrhizin are under preliminary research, such as for
997:
914:
910:
895:
810: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
739:
569:
421:
392:
155:
1456:"Glycyrrhiza violacea Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 2, 2: 23 (1856)"
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1689:. Vol. VI. L to N. Oxford, England: Clarendon Press. p. 332
1432:"Glycyrrhiza pallida Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 2, 2: 22 (1856)"
985:
906:
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576:
405:
145:
4118:
2080:"Lemon, Licorice and Sumac Sherbet: Drinks to beat the Summer Heat"
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1455:
1431:
1253:
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960:
881:
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604:
93:
599: in) long, purple to pale whitish blue, produced in a loose
3828:
3333:
3048:
2678:
2668:
2549:
2477:
2368:
Toner JM, Ramsey LE (1985). "Liquorice can damage your health".
636:
572:
4258:
4122:
3717:
2516:
575:
about 7–15 cm (3–6 in) long, with 9–17 leaflets. The
779:
344:
1736:
2397:
The
Journal of the Royal Society for the Promotion of Health
500:
350:
1938:
The
Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
1895:
The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
391:, from the root of which a sweet, aromatic flavouring is
356:
347:
338:
1209:
in order to compensate the variations in homoeostasis.
905:) is a common sweet sold in many forms. Mixing it with
894:. In most of these candies, the taste is reinforced by
2440:
Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes
2282:
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
2143:
Chinese Herbal Medicine: Materia Medica, Third Edition
420:. Liquorice is used as a flavouring in confectionery,
1412:"The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species"
1066:
368:
359:
341:
2006:. US Food and Drug Administration. 22 September 2009
1634:
Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolism
1240:
The major dose-limiting toxicities of liquorice are
931:); salmiak liquorice in the Netherlands is known as
335:
4131:
4054:
4018:
3967:
3749:
3675:
3634:
3357:
2847:
2548:
516:
494:
332:
1712:Epitome of the Kriaras Dictionary (online version)
1171:The effects of excessive liquorice consumption on
568:, growing to 1 metre (40 in) in height, with
521:) literally meaning 'sweet root' and referring to
479:
687:account for the yellow root color. The principal
553:, but 'licorice' is also used in some countries.
3486:
2028:. AboutFood.com. 25 October 2007. Archived from
1630:"Licorice abuse: time to send a warning message"
890:Liquorice flavour is found in a wide variety of
898:oil so the actual content of liquorice is low.
1065:(often translated as "liquorice") is known as
655:Much of the sweetness in liquorice comes from
3729:
2528:
2044:"The strange story of Britain's oldest sweet"
926:
901:In the Netherlands, liquorice confectionery (
8:
738:Liquorice is used as a flavouring agent for
4662:Plants used in traditional Chinese medicine
4642:11β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase inhibitors
1080:
1000:is made from pure liquorice extract and in
953:
932:
713:is some 3% of total volatiles. Much of the
541:
510:
488:
4119:
3736:
3722:
3714:
2535:
2521:
2513:
2082:. Mediterranean Observer. 22 August 2021.
67:
58:
2293:
1653:
870:Learn how and when to remove this message
47:, a distinct group of plants, some toxic.
1588:
1586:
1584:
1582:
1580:
1578:
1772:. Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short.
1576:
1574:
1572:
1570:
1568:
1566:
1564:
1562:
1560:
1558:
1391:United States Department of Agriculture
1382:Germplasm Resources Information Network
1361:
1271:
702:, found in the roots of liquorice, are
493:, itself ultimately derived from Greek
1851:
1849:
1623:
1621:
1619:
1617:
1615:
1613:
1611:
1535:
1367:
1365:
1173:lowering potassium levels in the blood
958:('sweet wood') to chew on as a candy.
2488:. Vol. 16 (11th ed.). 1911.
1533:
1531:
1529:
1527:
1525:
1523:
1521:
1519:
1517:
1515:
435:Liquorice extracts have been used in
7:
4591:afb52bf6-4b01-41e0-bc20-6061a1a53a87
2100:Current Medical Research and Opinion
1320:Different flavoured liquorice sticks
808:adding citations to reliable sources
2086:from the original on 29 March 2023.
1460:The International Plant Names Index
1436:The International Plant Names Index
1190:and health problems in the child.
1011:In southeastern Turkey, such as in
635: in) long, containing several
2060:. Northern Echo. 13 September 2006
2026:"Right good food from the Ridings"
1212:Other adverse effects may include
25:
921:is common. It is also mixed with
4539:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:496941-1
4109:List of plants used in herbalism
2190:Plant and Human Health, Volume 3
1337:
1325:
1313:
1301:
1286:
1274:
784:
328:
80:
2507:Chemical & Engineering News
2327:New England Journal of Medicine
2058:"Where Liquorice Roots Go Deep"
1857:New RHS Dictionary of Gardening
1718:. Portal for the greek language
795:needs additional citations for
54:, an unrelated genus of plants.
2899:Peppercorn (black/green/white)
2141:Bensky D, et al. (2004).
1839:Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary
1819:Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary
1687:On Historical Principles (NED)
886:Dried sticks of liquorice root
451:, low blood potassium levels (
1:
2112:10.1080/03007995.2016.1254605
1950:10.1016/S0960-0760(01)00093-0
1716:Center for the Greek Language
1387:Agricultural Research Service
189:Inverted repeat-lacking clade
4667:Monoamine oxidase inhibitors
2502:What's That Stuff?: Licorice
2247:10.1016/0278-6915(93)90080-I
2235:Food and Chemical Toxicology
1596:. Drugs.com. 31 January 2022
1205:and increased levels of the
1126:generally recognized as safe
1122:Food and Drug Administration
1057:traditional Chinese medicine
945:sweets are also consumed in
764:Food and Drug Administration
501:
2711:Kinh gioi (Vietnamese balm)
2339:10.1056/NEJM198004033021405
2202:10.1007/978-3-030-04408-4_1
2169:. European Medicines Agency
1907:10.1016/j.jsbmb.2004.04.008
1799:Online Etymology Dictionary
1260:, weight gain or loss, and
1067:
528:The latter gives the plant
517:
4698:
2409:10.1177/146642400012000203
1980:Cigarette Production Drops
1737:
1308:Various liquorice products
1207:atrial natriuretic hormone
1028:
1022:
773:
667:Sections of liquorice root
495:
398:The liquorice plant is an
49:
42:
38:Liquorice (disambiguation)
31:
27:Root of Glycyrrhiza glabra
4105:
3744:Medicinal herbs and fungi
2633:Coriander leaf / Cilantro
2543:Culinary herbs and spices
2046:. BBC Travel. 2019-07-11.
1505:Dictionary.com Unabridged
1485:Dictionary.com Unabridged
1252:degradation, and include
1076:
776:Liquorice (confectionery)
511:
509:spelling of the genus is
251:
244:
227:
220:
77:Scientific classification
75:
66:
61:
34:Liquorice (confectionery)
4677:Plants described in 1753
3531:Montreal steak seasoning
1855:Huxley, A., ed. (1992).
1646:10.1177/2042018812454322
1281:Liquorice root with bark
1203:renin-angiotensin system
671:Liquorice root contains
264:Glycyrrhiza glandulifera
50:Not to be confused with
43:Not to be confused with
32:For the confection, see
2485:Encyclopædia Britannica
1753:A Greek–English Lexicon
1677:Bradley H, ed. (1908).
1201:levels, decline of the
480:
428:, and is marketed as a
256:Glycyrrhiza brachycarpa
4067:Doctrine of signatures
3487:
2295:10.1210/jcem-70-6-1637
1685:New English Dictionary
1236:Potential for toxicity
1195:mineralocorticosteroid
1101:inhibit the growth of
966:
954:
933:
927:
887:
770:Food and confectionery
668:
660:
542:
489:
36:. For other uses, see
1744:Liddell, Henry George
1679:"Liquorice, licorice"
1214:electrolyte imbalance
1167:Physiological effects
964:
885:
762:. As of 2009, the US
666:
654:
475:, is derived via the
4062:Alternative medicine
3382:Beau monde seasoning
2747:Limnophila aromatica
2452:10.1055/s-2002-34587
1059:, a related species
1051:Traditional medicine
965:Liquorice root chips
804:improve this article
725:Cultivation and uses
441:traditional medicine
372:-ər-ish, -iss
318:spelling differences
306:Commonwealth English
288:Glycyrrhiza violacea
3985:Echigoshirayukidake
3506:Jamaican jerk spice
3128:Japanese pricklyash
2498:, Kew plant profile
2194:Springer Publishing
2167:"Liquiritiae radix"
1226:shortness of breath
698:and the isoflavane
445:glycyrrhizinic acid
387:of the bean family
280:Glycyrrhiza pallida
272:Glycyrrhiza hirsuta
267:Waldst. & Kit.)
4464:Glycyrrhiza~glabra
4246:Glycyrrhiza_glabra
4163:Glycyrrhiza glabra
4133:Glycyrrhiza glabra
4041:Japanese herbology
4019:Regional practices
3482:Herbes de Provence
3113:Grains of paradise
2976:Crushed red pepper
2690:Houttuynia cordata
2494:Glycyrrhiza glabra
2145:. Eastland Press.
2004:"Flavored Tobacco"
1985:2011-12-09 at the
1978:Erik Assadourian,
1842:. Merriam-Webster.
1822:. Merriam-Webster.
1775:A Latin Dictionary
1375:Glycyrrhiza glabra
1120:The United States
1116:Consumption levels
1104:Aspergillus flavus
967:
888:
669:
661:
579:are 8–12 mm (
523:Glycyrrhiza glabra
430:dietary supplement
381:Glycyrrhiza glabra
231:Glycyrrhiza glabra
18:Glycyrrhiza glabra
4624:
4623:
4485:Open Tree of Life
4125:Taxon identifiers
4116:
4115:
4036:Islamic herbology
4026:Chinese herbology
3894:Purple coneflower
3711:
3710:
3683:Chinese herbology
3561:Pumpkin pie spice
3541:Old Bay Seasoning
3501:Italian seasoning
3447:Five-spice powder
2749:(rice-paddy herb)
2592:Indian bay leaf (
2479:"Liquorice"
2376:(1408): 858–860.
2211:978-3-030-04407-7
2196:. pp. 1–21.
2152:978-0-939616-42-8
1293:Inflorescence of
1232:, and paralysis.
1184:glycyrrhizic acid
1087:clinical research
1083:
923:ammonium chloride
892:candies or sweets
880:
879:
872:
854:
611:, 20–30 mm (
424:, beverages, and
299:
298:
16:(Redirected from
4689:
4657:Medicinal plants
4617:
4616:
4604:
4603:
4594:
4593:
4581:
4580:
4568:
4567:
4555:
4554:
4542:
4541:
4529:
4528:
4516:
4515:
4503:
4502:
4493:
4492:
4480:
4479:
4467:
4466:
4454:
4453:
4441:
4440:
4438:NBNSYS0200002252
4428:
4427:
4415:
4414:
4402:
4401:
4389:
4388:
4376:
4375:
4363:
4362:
4350:
4349:
4337:
4336:
4324:
4323:
4314:
4313:
4301:
4300:
4288:
4287:
4275:
4274:
4262:
4261:
4249:
4248:
4236:
4235:
4223:
4222:
4210:
4209:
4200:
4199:
4190:
4189:
4177:
4176:
4167:
4166:
4165:
4152:
4151:
4150:
4120:
4097:Medicinal plants
4055:Related subjects
4046:Korean herbology
4031:Indian herbology
3990:Lingzhi mushroom
3738:
3731:
3724:
3715:
3492:
3299:Tasmanian pepper
3280:Sichuan pepper (
3235:Pomegranate seed
3049:Dill / Dill seed
2904:Brazilian pepper
2867:Alligator pepper
2621:garlic / Chinese
2537:
2530:
2523:
2514:
2489:
2481:
2464:
2463:
2435:
2429:
2428:
2392:
2386:
2385:
2365:
2359:
2358:
2322:
2316:
2315:
2297:
2288:(6): 1637–1643.
2273:
2267:
2266:
2230:
2224:
2223:
2185:
2179:
2178:
2176:
2174:
2163:
2157:
2156:
2138:
2132:
2131:
2094:
2088:
2087:
2076:
2070:
2069:
2067:
2065:
2054:
2048:
2047:
2040:
2034:
2033:
2022:
2016:
2015:
2013:
2011:
2000:
1994:
1991:Vital Signs 2005
1976:
1970:
1969:
1933:
1927:
1926:
1901:(4–5): 241–246.
1889:
1883:
1873:
1867:
1853:
1844:
1843:
1830:
1824:
1823:
1810:
1804:
1803:
1789:
1783:
1767:
1761:
1740:
1739:
1733:
1727:
1726:
1724:
1723:
1704:
1698:
1697:
1695:
1694:
1674:
1668:
1667:
1657:
1625:
1606:
1605:
1603:
1601:
1590:
1553:
1552:
1550:
1548:
1537:
1510:
1509:
1496:
1490:
1489:
1476:
1470:
1469:
1467:
1466:
1452:
1446:
1445:
1443:
1442:
1428:
1422:
1421:
1419:
1418:
1408:
1402:
1401:
1399:
1397:
1369:
1349:Medicinal-Plants
1341:
1329:
1317:
1305:
1290:
1278:
1159:
1158:
1154:
1151:
1145:
1144:
1140:
1137:
1084:
1081:
1078:
1070:
978:Pontefract cakes
957:
947:Nordic countries
936:
930:
875:
868:
864:
861:
855:
853:
812:
788:
780:
639:. The roots are
634:
633:
629:
626:
620:
619:
615:
598:
597:
593:
588:
587:
583:
545:
520:
514:
513:
504:
498:
497:
492:
483:
371:
366:
365:
362:
361:
358:
353:
352:
349:
346:
343:
340:
337:
334:
327:
314:American English
292:
284:
276:
268:
260:
233:
85:
84:
71:
59:
21:
4697:
4696:
4692:
4691:
4690:
4688:
4687:
4686:
4627:
4626:
4625:
4620:
4612:
4607:
4599:
4597:
4589:
4584:
4576:
4571:
4563:
4558:
4550:
4545:
4537:
4532:
4524:
4519:
4511:
4506:
4498:
4496:
4488:
4483:
4475:
4472:Observation.org
4470:
4462:
4457:
4449:
4444:
4436:
4431:
4423:
4418:
4410:
4405:
4397:
4392:
4384:
4379:
4371:
4366:
4358:
4353:
4345:
4340:
4332:
4327:
4319:
4317:
4309:
4304:
4296:
4291:
4283:
4278:
4270:
4265:
4257:
4252:
4244:
4239:
4231:
4226:
4218:
4213:
4205:
4203:
4195:
4193:
4185:
4180:
4172:
4170:
4161:
4160:
4155:
4146:
4145:
4140:
4127:
4117:
4112:
4101:
4050:
4014:
3975:Almond mushroom
3963:
3745:
3742:
3712:
3707:
3671:
3630:
3606:Tandoori masala
3353:
3230:Peruvian pepper
3118:Grains of Selim
3103:Aromatic ginger
3036:Bunium persicum
2843:
2544:
2541:
2476:
2473:
2468:
2467:
2437:
2436:
2432:
2394:
2393:
2389:
2367:
2366:
2362:
2333:(14): 784–785.
2324:
2323:
2319:
2275:
2274:
2270:
2232:
2231:
2227:
2212:
2187:
2186:
2182:
2172:
2170:
2165:
2164:
2160:
2153:
2140:
2139:
2135:
2096:
2095:
2091:
2078:
2077:
2073:
2063:
2061:
2056:
2055:
2051:
2042:
2041:
2037:
2032:on 7 June 2007.
2024:
2023:
2019:
2009:
2007:
2002:
2001:
1997:
1987:Wayback Machine
1977:
1973:
1935:
1934:
1930:
1891:
1890:
1886:
1874:
1870:
1854:
1847:
1832:
1831:
1827:
1812:
1811:
1807:
1791:
1790:
1786:
1780:Perseus Project
1768:
1764:
1758:Perseus Project
1734:
1730:
1721:
1719:
1706:
1705:
1701:
1692:
1690:
1676:
1675:
1671:
1627:
1626:
1609:
1599:
1597:
1592:
1591:
1556:
1546:
1544:
1541:"Licorice root"
1539:
1538:
1513:
1498:
1497:
1493:
1478:
1477:
1473:
1464:
1462:
1454:
1453:
1449:
1440:
1438:
1430:
1429:
1425:
1416:
1414:
1410:
1409:
1405:
1395:
1393:
1371:
1370:
1363:
1358:
1351:
1347:from Koehler's
1342:
1333:
1330:
1321:
1318:
1309:
1306:
1297:
1291:
1282:
1279:
1270:
1238:
1188:premature birth
1175:and increasing
1169:
1156:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1142:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:food ingredient
1118:
1113:
1111:Adverse effects
1095:
1053:
1033:
1027:
1021:
939:salty liquorice
876:
865:
859:
856:
813:
811:
801:
789:
778:
772:
752:chewing tobacco
736:
727:
681:polysaccharides
649:
631:
627:
624:
622:
617:
613:
612:
595:
591:
590:
585:
581:
580:
561:Liquorice is a
559:
461:
426:pharmaceuticals
418:Southern Europe
385:flowering plant
369:
355:
331:
322:
321:
295:
290:
282:
274:
266:
258:
240:
235:
229:
216:
79:
55:
48:
41:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4695:
4693:
4685:
4684:
4679:
4674:
4669:
4664:
4659:
4654:
4649:
4644:
4639:
4629:
4628:
4622:
4621:
4619:
4618:
4614:wfo-0000212813
4605:
4595:
4582:
4569:
4556:
4543:
4530:
4517:
4504:
4494:
4481:
4468:
4455:
4442:
4429:
4416:
4403:
4390:
4377:
4364:
4351:
4338:
4325:
4315:
4302:
4289:
4276:
4263:
4250:
4237:
4224:
4211:
4201:
4191:
4178:
4168:
4153:
4137:
4135:
4129:
4128:
4123:
4114:
4113:
4106:
4103:
4102:
4100:
4099:
4094:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4058:
4056:
4052:
4051:
4049:
4048:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4028:
4022:
4020:
4016:
4015:
4013:
4012:
4007:
4005:Morel mushroom
4002:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3982:
3980:Chaga mushroom
3977:
3971:
3969:
3965:
3964:
3962:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3926:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3901:
3896:
3891:
3886:
3881:
3876:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3841:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3795:
3794:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3764:
3759:
3753:
3751:
3747:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3740:
3733:
3726:
3718:
3709:
3708:
3706:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3679:
3677:
3676:Related topics
3673:
3672:
3670:
3669:
3668:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3644:
3638:
3636:
3632:
3631:
3629:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3608:
3603:
3598:
3593:
3588:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3536:Mulling spices
3533:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3412:Cinnamon sugar
3409:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3363:
3361:
3355:
3354:
3352:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3324:Voatsiperifery
3321:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3201:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3089:
3088:
3083:
3073:
3068:
3067:
3066:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3040:
3039:
3032:
3029:Nigella sativa
3020:
3015:
3013:Coriander seed
3010:
3005:
3000:
2999:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2927:
2926:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2890:
2889:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2853:
2851:
2845:
2844:
2842:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2650:
2649:
2640:
2630:
2625:
2624:
2623:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2589:
2584:
2583:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2562:
2554:
2552:
2546:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2539:
2532:
2525:
2517:
2511:
2510:
2499:
2490:
2472:
2471:External links
2469:
2466:
2465:
2430:
2387:
2360:
2317:
2268:
2241:(4): 303–312.
2225:
2210:
2180:
2158:
2151:
2133:
2106:(2): 279–287.
2089:
2071:
2049:
2035:
2017:
1995:
1971:
1944:(3): 291–298.
1928:
1884:
1868:
1845:
1825:
1805:
1784:
1762:
1728:
1699:
1669:
1607:
1554:
1511:
1508:(Online). n.d.
1491:
1488:(Online). n.d.
1471:
1447:
1423:
1403:
1360:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1353:
1352:
1343:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1300:
1298:
1292:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1273:
1269:
1266:
1242:corticosteroid
1237:
1234:
1230:kidney failure
1222:blood pressure
1177:blood pressure
1168:
1165:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1099:essential oils
1094:
1091:
1052:
1049:
1020:
1017:
982:Rievaulx Abbey
878:
877:
792:
790:
783:
771:
768:
760:rolling papers
735:
732:
726:
723:
704:phytoestrogens
648:
645:
558:
555:
460:
457:
297:
296:
294:
293:
285:
277:
269:
261:
252:
249:
248:
242:
241:
236:
225:
224:
218:
217:
213:G. glabra
210:
208:
204:
203:
196:
192:
191:
186:
179:
178:
173:
169:
168:
163:
159:
158:
153:
149:
148:
143:
136:
135:
130:
123:
122:
117:
110:
109:
104:
97:
96:
91:
87:
86:
73:
72:
64:
63:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4694:
4683:
4682:Indian spices
4680:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4655:
4653:
4650:
4648:
4645:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4635:
4634:
4632:
4615:
4610:
4606:
4602:
4596:
4592:
4587:
4583:
4579:
4574:
4570:
4566:
4561:
4557:
4553:
4548:
4544:
4540:
4535:
4531:
4527:
4522:
4518:
4514:
4509:
4505:
4501:
4495:
4491:
4486:
4482:
4478:
4473:
4469:
4465:
4460:
4456:
4452:
4447:
4443:
4439:
4434:
4430:
4426:
4421:
4417:
4413:
4408:
4404:
4400:
4395:
4391:
4387:
4382:
4378:
4374:
4369:
4365:
4361:
4356:
4352:
4348:
4343:
4339:
4335:
4330:
4326:
4322:
4316:
4312:
4307:
4303:
4299:
4294:
4290:
4286:
4281:
4277:
4273:
4268:
4264:
4260:
4255:
4251:
4247:
4242:
4238:
4234:
4229:
4225:
4221:
4216:
4212:
4208:
4202:
4198:
4192:
4188:
4183:
4179:
4175:
4169:
4164:
4158:
4154:
4149:
4143:
4139:
4138:
4136:
4134:
4130:
4126:
4121:
4111:
4110:
4104:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4059:
4057:
4053:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4023:
4021:
4017:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3972:
3970:
3966:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3914:Summer savory
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3793:
3790:
3789:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3754:
3752:
3748:
3739:
3734:
3732:
3727:
3725:
3720:
3719:
3716:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3680:
3678:
3674:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3647:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3639:
3637:
3633:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3576:Ras el hanout
3574:
3572:
3571:Quatre épices
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3511:Khmeli suneli
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3491:
3490:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3457:Garlic powder
3455:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3392:Bouquet garni
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3364:
3362:
3360:
3356:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3283:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3185:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3158:Litsea cubeba
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3133:Juniper berry
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3078:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3065:
3062:
3061:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3038:
3037:
3033:
3031:
3030:
3026:
3025:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2958:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2936:Celery powder
2934:
2932:
2929:
2925:
2922:
2921:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2888:
2885:
2884:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2854:
2852:
2850:
2846:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2748:
2744:
2742:
2741:Lemon verbena
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2695:
2691:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2648:
2646:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2635:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2622:
2619:
2618:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2595:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2567:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2560:
2556:
2555:
2553:
2551:
2547:
2538:
2533:
2531:
2526:
2524:
2519:
2518:
2515:
2509:
2508:
2503:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2491:
2487:
2486:
2480:
2475:
2474:
2470:
2461:
2457:
2453:
2449:
2446:(6): 257–61.
2445:
2441:
2434:
2431:
2426:
2422:
2418:
2414:
2410:
2406:
2402:
2398:
2391:
2388:
2383:
2379:
2375:
2371:
2364:
2361:
2356:
2352:
2348:
2344:
2340:
2336:
2332:
2328:
2321:
2318:
2313:
2309:
2305:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2287:
2283:
2279:
2272:
2269:
2264:
2260:
2256:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2236:
2229:
2226:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2191:
2184:
2181:
2168:
2162:
2159:
2154:
2148:
2144:
2137:
2134:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2093:
2090:
2085:
2081:
2075:
2072:
2059:
2053:
2050:
2045:
2039:
2036:
2031:
2027:
2021:
2018:
2005:
1999:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1981:
1975:
1972:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1932:
1929:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1888:
1885:
1882:
1881:1-4053-0059-0
1878:
1872:
1869:
1866:
1865:0-333-47494-5
1862:
1858:
1852:
1850:
1846:
1841:
1840:
1835:
1829:
1826:
1821:
1820:
1815:
1809:
1806:
1801:
1800:
1795:
1788:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1754:
1749:
1748:Scott, Robert
1745:
1741:
1732:
1729:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1703:
1700:
1688:
1686:
1680:
1673:
1670:
1665:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1647:
1643:
1640:(4): 125–38.
1639:
1635:
1631:
1624:
1622:
1620:
1618:
1616:
1614:
1612:
1608:
1595:
1589:
1587:
1585:
1583:
1581:
1579:
1577:
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1573:
1571:
1569:
1567:
1565:
1563:
1561:
1559:
1555:
1542:
1536:
1534:
1532:
1530:
1528:
1526:
1524:
1522:
1520:
1518:
1516:
1512:
1507:
1506:
1501:
1495:
1492:
1487:
1486:
1481:
1475:
1472:
1461:
1457:
1451:
1448:
1437:
1433:
1427:
1424:
1413:
1407:
1404:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1383:
1378:
1376:
1368:
1366:
1362:
1355:
1350:
1346:
1340:
1335:
1328:
1323:
1316:
1311:
1304:
1299:
1296:
1289:
1284:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1265:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1235:
1233:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1210:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1191:
1189:
1185:
1180:
1178:
1174:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1131:
1128:for use as a
1127:
1123:
1115:
1110:
1108:
1106:
1105:
1100:
1092:
1090:
1088:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1063:
1058:
1050:
1048:
1046:
1043:treatment of
1042:
1038:
1032:
1026:
1018:
1016:
1014:
1009:
1007:
1003:
1002:Reggio Emilia
999:
995:
989:
987:
983:
979:
975:
971:
963:
959:
956:
950:
948:
944:
940:
935:
929:
924:
920:
916:
912:
908:
904:
899:
897:
893:
884:
874:
871:
863:
852:
849:
845:
842:
838:
835:
831:
828:
824:
821: –
820:
816:
815:Find sources:
809:
805:
799:
798:
793:This section
791:
787:
782:
781:
777:
769:
767:
765:
761:
757:
753:
749:
745:
741:
733:
731:
724:
722:
720:
716:
712:
707:
705:
701:
697:
694:
690:
686:
682:
678:
674:
673:triterpenoids
665:
658:
653:
646:
644:
642:
641:stoloniferous
638:
610:
607:is an oblong
606:
602:
601:inflorescence
578:
574:
571:
567:
564:
556:
554:
552:
547:
544:
539:
535:
531:
530:binomial name
526:
524:
519:
508:
503:
491:
487:
482:
478:
474:
473:
468:
467:
458:
456:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
433:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
404:
401:
396:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
373:
364:
325:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
289:
286:
281:
278:
273:
270:
265:
262:
257:
254:
253:
250:
247:
243:
239:
234:
232:
226:
223:
222:Binomial name
219:
215:
214:
209:
206:
205:
202:
201:
197:
194:
193:
190:
187:
184:
181:
180:
177:
174:
171:
170:
167:
164:
161:
160:
157:
154:
151:
150:
147:
144:
141:
138:
137:
134:
131:
128:
125:
124:
121:
118:
115:
112:
111:
108:
107:Tracheophytes
105:
102:
99:
98:
95:
92:
89:
88:
83:
78:
74:
70:
65:
60:
57:
53:
52:Licorice-root
46:
39:
35:
30:
19:
4132:
4107:
3949:White willow
3919:Tea tree oil
3869:Marsh-mallow
3858:
3777:Asthma-plant
3556:Powder-douce
3546:Panch phoron
3516:Lemon pepper
3452:Garam masala
3442:Fines herbes
3422:Curry powder
3402:Chaat masala
3281:
3260:Sarsaparilla
3220:Onion powder
3168:Mango-ginger
3152:
3034:
3027:
2961:Chili powder
2746:
2736:Lemon myrtle
2693:
2689:
2644:
2643:Vietnamese (
2593:
2557:
2505:
2493:
2483:
2443:
2439:
2433:
2400:
2396:
2390:
2373:
2370:Practitioner
2369:
2363:
2330:
2326:
2320:
2285:
2281:
2271:
2238:
2234:
2228:
2189:
2183:
2171:. Retrieved
2161:
2142:
2136:
2103:
2099:
2092:
2074:
2062:. Retrieved
2052:
2038:
2030:the original
2020:
2008:. Retrieved
1998:
1990:
1974:
1941:
1937:
1931:
1898:
1894:
1887:
1871:
1856:
1837:
1828:
1817:
1808:
1797:
1787:
1773:
1765:
1751:
1731:
1720:. Retrieved
1714:(in Greek).
1711:
1708:"γλυκύρριζα"
1702:
1691:. Retrieved
1682:
1672:
1637:
1633:
1598:. Retrieved
1545:. Retrieved
1503:
1494:
1483:
1474:
1463:. Retrieved
1459:
1450:
1439:. Retrieved
1435:
1426:
1415:. Retrieved
1406:
1394:. Retrieved
1380:
1374:
1348:
1344:
1294:
1262:hypertension
1258:hypokalaemia
1239:
1220:, increased
1211:
1192:
1181:
1170:
1162:
1119:
1102:
1096:
1062:G. uralensis
1061:
1054:
1034:
1025:Glycyrrhizin
1010:
990:
968:
951:
941:'). Strong,
902:
900:
889:
866:
857:
847:
840:
833:
826:
814:
802:Please help
797:verification
794:
756:pipe tobacco
737:
728:
708:
670:
657:glycyrrhizin
560:
551:Commonwealth
548:
537:
533:
527:
522:
507:Modern Greek
477:Anglo-French
470:
464:
462:
449:hypertension
434:
414:North Africa
397:
380:
309:
301:
300:
287:
279:
271:
263:
255:
230:
228:
212:
211:
199:
182:
139:
126:
113:
100:
56:
29:
4647:Glycyrrhiza
4420:NatureServe
4355:iNaturalist
4157:Wikispecies
4072:Herb garden
3879:Opium poppy
3792:medical use
3655:Bangladeshi
3586:Sharena sol
3581:Recado rojo
3566:Qâlat daqqa
3526:Mixed spice
3462:Garlic salt
3427:Doubanjiang
3163:Long pepper
3123:Horseradish
2941:Celery seed
2814:Sanshō leaf
2731:Lemon grass
2403:(2): 83–9.
2010:21 December
1814:"Liquorice"
1480:"Liquorice"
1199:aldosterone
1037:hepatitis C
819:"Liquorice"
677:polyphenols
557:Description
502:glykyrrhiza
453:hypokalemia
377:common name
200:Glycyrrhiza
172:Subfamily:
120:Angiosperms
4672:Demulcents
4631:Categories
4508:Plant List
4204:Calflora:
4092:Homeopathy
4082:Herbal tea
3934:Umckaloabo
3909:Star anise
3889:Peppermint
3854:Lemon balm
3849:Goldenseal
3782:Astragalus
3693:Marination
3688:Herbal tea
3650:Australian
3646:By region
3621:Yuzu koshō
3611:Thuna paha
3551:Persillade
3304:Tonka bean
3240:Poppy seed
3148:Dried lime
3071:Fingerroot
2986:New Mexico
2894:Asafoetida
2726:Lemon balm
2684:Hoja santa
2664:Curry leaf
2496:(licorice)
2064:9 December
1834:"Licorice"
1794:"Licorice"
1792:Harper D.
1738:γλυκύρριζα
1722:2021-04-07
1693:2021-04-07
1594:"Licorice"
1500:"Licorice"
1465:2017-03-07
1441:2017-03-07
1417:2017-03-07
1356:References
1248:, have on
1029:See also:
1023:See also:
1013:Diyarbakır
1006:soft drink
970:Pontefract
934:zoute drop
830:newspapers
774:See also:
744:cigarettes
693:isoflavene
685:Flavonoids
563:herbaceous
496:γλυκύρριζα
490:liquiritia
486:Late Latin
408:native to
400:herbaceous
62:Liquorice
4637:Liquorice
4311:242323657
4298:242323657
4087:Herbalism
3859:Liquorice
3819:Fenugreek
3814:Chaparral
3809:Chamomile
3762:Aloe vera
3703:Spice rub
3698:Seasoning
3665:Pakistani
3496:Idli podi
3467:Gochujang
3417:Crab boil
3334:Yuzu zest
3265:Sassafras
3153:Liquorice
3059:Fenugreek
2996:Cultivars
2347:0028-4793
2304:0021-972X
2255:0278-6915
2220:104427400
1345:G. glabra
1295:G. glabra
1246:enoxolone
1093:Fungicide
1045:psoriasis
1031:Enoxolone
974:Yorkshire
860:June 2024
715:sweetness
700:glabridin
689:glycoside
647:Chemistry
566:perennial
518:glykoriza
512:γλυκόριζα
466:liquorice
463:The word
459:Etymology
437:herbalism
410:West Asia
403:perennial
393:extracted
375:) is the
302:Liquorice
207:Species:
176:Faboideae
90:Kingdom:
4586:VicFlora
4578:13019856
4573:Tropicos
4513:ild-7886
4459:NSWFlora
4425:2.153537
4386:10907886
4373:496941-1
4241:eFloraSA
4194:BioLib:
4142:Wikidata
4010:Shiitake
3939:Valerian
3929:Turmeric
3899:Rosemary
3864:Marigold
3829:Flaxseed
3824:Feverfew
3804:Cardamom
3787:Cannabis
3772:Borututu
3642:Culinary
3616:Vadouvan
3591:Shichimi
3489:Húng lìu
3309:Turmeric
3294:Tamarind
3143:Korarima
3076:Galangal
3044:Deulkkae
3003:Cinnamon
2981:Jalapeño
2971:Chipotle
2919:Cardamom
2872:Allspice
2839:Woodruff
2829:Tarragon
2794:Rosemary
2759:Marjoram
2721:Lavender
2716:Kkaennip
2654:Culantro
2638:Bolivian
2587:Bay leaf
2559:Angelica
2460:12373628
2425:39005138
2417:10944880
2192:. Cham:
2120:27786567
2084:Archived
1993:, at 70.
1983:Archived
1966:40171833
1958:11595510
1923:16238533
1915:15336701
1664:23185686
1250:cortisol
1019:Research
994:Calabria
955:zoethout
746:, moist
711:anethole
696:glabrene
536:meaning
472:licorice
389:Fabaceae
310:licorice
291:(Boiss.)
283:(Boiss.)
259:(Boiss.)
246:Synonyms
166:Fabaceae
162:Family:
133:Eudicots
4334:2965732
4228:Ecocrop
4148:Q257106
4000:Meshima
3995:Maitake
3959:Za'atar
3944:Verbena
3884:Oregano
3844:Ginseng
3799:Caraway
3757:Alfalfa
3626:Za'atar
3521:Mitmita
3472:Harissa
3387:Berbere
3377:Baharat
3344:Zereshk
3339:Zedoary
3319:Vanilla
3282:huājiāo
3255:Saffron
3245:Radhuni
3225:Paprika
3210:Njangsa
3205:Nigella
3183:Mustard
3081:greater
2991:Tabasco
2966:Cayenne
2946:Charoli
2914:Caraway
2909:Camphor
2877:Amchoor
2789:Perilla
2784:Parsley
2779:Oregano
2774:Mitsuba
2769:Mugwort
2694:giấp cá
2674:Epazote
2645:rau răm
2611:Chervil
2382:4059165
2355:6986557
2312:2161425
2263:8386690
2128:4394282
1756:at the
1655:3498851
1600:11 June
1547:11 June
1396:6 March
1332:Foliage
1268:Gallery
1155:⁄
1141:⁄
1073:Chinese
1041:topical
998:liqueur
928:salmiak
915:aniseed
911:menthol
896:aniseed
844:scholar
740:tobacco
734:Tobacco
630:⁄
616:⁄
594:⁄
584:⁄
577:flowers
570:pinnate
543:liquere
484:, from
481:lycorys
422:tobacco
275:(Pall.)
195:Genus:
156:Fabales
152:Order:
94:Plantae
45:Lycoris
4652:Spices
4521:PLANTS
4490:554264
4477:126340
4412:203353
4321:GLYGLA
4318:FoIO:
4285:171395
4259:703239
4171:APDB:
4077:Herbal
3954:Yarrow
3839:Ginkgo
3834:Ginger
3660:Indian
3477:Hawaij
3432:Douchi
3407:Chaunk
3372:Advieh
3367:Adjika
3359:Blends
3329:Wasabi
3270:Sesame
3215:Nutmeg
3178:Mahleb
3173:Mastic
3108:Golpar
3098:Ginger
3093:Garlic
3086:lesser
3054:Fennel
2951:Chenpi
2931:Cassia
2862:Ajwain
2857:Aonori
2849:Spices
2824:Sorrel
2809:Savory
2754:Lovage
2701:Hyssop
2628:Cicely
2616:Chives
2606:Borage
2594:tejpat
2458:
2423:
2415:
2380:
2353:
2345:
2310:
2302:
2261:
2253:
2218:
2208:
2173:1 June
2149:
2126:
2118:
1964:
1956:
1921:
1913:
1879:
1863:
1770:glabra
1662:
1652:
1193:Hyper-
1075::
1068:gancao
986:Thirsk
919:laurel
846:
839:
832:
825:
817:
754:, and
679:, and
603:. The
573:leaves
538:smooth
534:glabra
416:, and
406:legume
316:; see
146:Rosids
4598:WoI:
4565:321-1
4560:SANBI
4497:PFI:
4451:49827
4399:26718
4381:IRMNG
4360:77295
4347:17820
4280:EUNIS
4272:GYCGL
4220:3GFQT
4197:39928
4187:96865
4174:63187
3968:Fungi
3924:Thyme
3767:Anise
3750:Herbs
3635:Lists
3601:Tajin
3596:Tabil
3437:Duqqa
3397:Buknu
3314:Uzazi
3289:Sumac
3275:Shiso
3198:white
3193:brown
3188:black
3138:Kokum
3023:Cumin
3018:Cubeb
3008:Clove
2956:Chili
2924:black
2882:Anise
2834:Thyme
2819:Shiso
2706:Jimbu
2659:Cress
2601:Boldo
2580:Lemon
2565:Basil
2550:Herbs
2421:S2CID
2216:S2CID
2124:S2CID
1962:S2CID
1919:S2CID
1254:edema
1218:edema
984:near
943:salty
917:, or
851:JSTOR
837:books
748:snuff
719:sugar
637:seeds
605:fruit
532:with
505:(the
469:, or
308:) or
183:Clade
140:Clade
127:Clade
114:Clade
101:Clade
4601:1754
4552:8071
4534:POWO
4526:GLGL
4500:2395
4446:NCBI
4407:IUCN
4394:ITIS
4368:IPNI
4342:GRIN
4329:GBIF
4267:EPPO
4233:6467
4207:3932
4182:APNI
3904:Sage
3874:Neem
3349:Zest
3250:Rose
3064:blue
2887:star
2804:Sage
2764:Mint
2679:Hemp
2669:Dill
2575:Thai
2570:Holy
2456:PMID
2413:PMID
2378:PMID
2351:PMID
2343:ISSN
2308:PMID
2300:ISSN
2259:PMID
2251:ISSN
2206:ISBN
2175:2021
2147:ISBN
2116:PMID
2066:2008
2012:2017
1954:PMID
1911:PMID
1877:ISBN
1861:ISBN
1660:PMID
1602:2023
1549:2023
1398:2008
1097:The
1082:lit.
996:, a
907:mint
903:drop
823:news
439:and
383:, a
4609:WFO
4547:RHS
4433:NBN
4306:FoC
4293:FNA
4254:EoL
4215:CoL
2799:Rue
2448:doi
2444:110
2405:doi
2401:120
2374:229
2335:doi
2331:302
2290:doi
2243:doi
2198:doi
2108:doi
1946:doi
1903:doi
1778:on
1650:PMC
1642:doi
1055:In
1039:or
972:in
806:by
609:pod
379:of
370:LIK
324:IPA
4633::
4611::
4588::
4575::
4562::
4549::
4536::
4523::
4510::
4487::
4474::
4461::
4448::
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4396::
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2482:.
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