2035:
2887:
2042:
139:
412:"a" basically fitting between two upper molars. Nonetheless, it's clear that most if not all gobiconodontids were primarily carnivorous, given the presence of long, sharp canines and incisors, premolars with trenchant main cusps that were well suited to grasp and pierce prey, strong development of the mandibular abductor musculature, bone crushing ability in at least some species and several other features.
2881:
3790:
116:
3796:
427:
exceeding 2 kilos. They were among the first mammals to be specialised to hunt vertebrate prey, and likely occupied the highest trophic levels among mammals in their faunal communities. Several forms like
450:
faunal assemblages. Competition between both groups is unattested, but in Asia the Early
Cretaceous gobiconodontid diversity is replaced entirely by a deltatheroidean one, while in North America
1164:
Martin, Thomas; Marugán-Lobón, Jesús; Vullo, Romain; Martín-Abad, Hugo; Luo, Zhe-Xi; Buscalioni, Angela D. (2015). "A Cretaceous eutriconodont and integument evolution in early mammals".
877:
Martin, Thomas; Marugán-Lobón, Jesús; Vullo, Romain; Martín-Abad, Hugo; Luo, Zhe-Xi; Buscalioni, Angela D. (2015). "A Cretaceous eutriconodont and integument evolution in early mammals".
510:
Uniquely among crown-group mammals, gobiconodontids replaced their molariform teeth by successors of similar complexity, while in other mammals less complex replacements are the norm.
728:
Nao
Kusuhashi; Yuan-Qing Wang; Chuan-Kui Li; Xun Jin (2019). "New gobiconodontid (Eutriconodonta, Mammalia) from the Lower Cretaceous Shahai and Fuxin formations, Liaoning, China".
975:
436:
show evidence of scavenging, being among the few
Mesozoic mammals to have significantly exploited that. Evidence of predation on significantly larger dinosaurs is also known.
4052:
4111:
4039:
1276:"A new mammal skull from the Lower Cretaceous of China with implications for the evolution of obtuse-angled molars and 'amphilestid' eutriconodonts"
2034:
1091:
1006:
800:
J.; Hu, Y.-M.; Wang, Y.-Q.; Li, C.-K. (2005). "A new triconodont (Mammalia) from the Early
Cretaceous Yixian Formation of Liaoning, China".
4121:
4116:
754:
Marisol
Montellano; James A. Hopson; James M. Clark (2008). "Late Early Jurassic Mammaliaforms from Huizachal Canyon, Tamaulipas, México".
2886:
1409:
1381:
396:
Gobiconodontid dentition, being classically triconodont, has no analogue among living mammals, so comparisons are difficult. Like
2041:
138:
4106:
1022:
Han, Gang; Mallon, Jordan C.; Lussier, Aaron J.; Wu, Xiao-Chun; Mitchell, Robert; Li, Ling-Ji (18 July 2023).
1079:
994:
3979:
1402:
393:, suggesting that gobiconodontids, like modern mammals, were vulnerable to this type of fungal infection.
2880:
4078:
2506:
969:
405:
4017:
2822:
386:
3516:
3416:
3099:
2815:
2801:
1628:
4026:
3883:
3789:
3165:
2752:
2632:
2541:
1950:
1343:
1238:
1173:
1035:
886:
832:
763:
3556:
3355:
3209:
3013:
2759:
2617:
2478:
415:
Gobiconodontids are often among the largest mammals in
Mesozoic faunal assemblages, with forms like
3754:
3676:
3636:
3216:
3202:
3106:
3063:
2794:
2773:
2766:
2708:
2365:
2344:
2232:
1991:
1957:
1536:
1227:"Tooth eruption in the Early Cretaceous British mammal Triconodon and description of a new species"
646:
255:
228:
3576:
3243:
3180:
3158:
3085:
3070:
3049:
2492:
2302:
1274:
Chun-Ling Gao; Gregory P. Wilson; Zhe-Xi Luo; A. Murat Maga; Qingjin Meng & Xuri Wang (2010).
3857:
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2715:
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133:
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2358:
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245:
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3020:
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2678:
2639:
2448:
1858:
1395:
1377:
1305:
1199:
1138:
1087:
1061:
1002:
912:
848:
4070:
4057:
3426:
3144:
2951:
2736:
1997:
1697:
1690:
1601:
1351:
1295:
1287:
1246:
1189:
1181:
1128:
1120:
1051:
1043:
957:
902:
894:
840:
771:
733:
328:
312:
3227:
2722:
2594:
2563:
2548:
2462:
2282:
1772:
1733:
1618:
707:, the canine-like lower incisors outrightly replace the true canines, which are vestigial.
447:
390:
378:
352:
324:
1347:
1242:
1177:
1056:
1039:
1023:
890:
836:
767:
3949:
3914:
3824:
3385:
3257:
3236:
3172:
3124:
3041:
2965:
2936:
2829:
2808:
2579:
2572:
2401:
2292:
2192:
1909:
1478:
1300:
1275:
1133:
1108:
409:
193:
1328:(Mammalia) from western Liaoning, China and its implication for the dental formula of
4100:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3919:
3847:
3596:
3528:
3446:
2650:
2586:
2130:
1943:
1933:
1803:
1365:
1356:
1323:
1260:
1211:
924:
860:
783:
737:
440:
401:
397:
366:
73:
3924:
3646:
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3365:
3282:
3264:
3092:
3006:
2990:
2608:
2499:
2485:
2171:
2073:
2060:
2009:
1881:
1660:
1651:
1150:
942:
503:
1024:"An extraordinary fossil captures the struggle for existence during the Mesozoic"
4011:
3954:
3929:
3904:
3731:
3566:
3495:
3478:
3456:
3396:
3250:
3195:
3027:
2923:
2904:
2847:
2836:
2745:
2534:
2471:
2431:
2417:
2387:
2380:
2351:
2242:
2202:
2160:
2120:
2110:
1870:
1820:
775:
703:
629:
596:
470:
458:
423:
417:
357:
297:
283:
235:
125:
48:
1047:
821:"A new family of primitive mammal from the Mesozoic of western Liaoning, China"
3909:
3877:
3867:
3743:
3703:
3546:
3436:
3034:
2958:
2944:
2701:
2527:
2513:
2410:
2312:
2150:
2090:
1979:
1789:
1781:
1750:
1743:
1667:
474:
443:
115:
93:
58:
4002:
852:
477:. This genus may have displayed an ecological role similar to that of modern
3760:
3463:
3188:
3078:
2999:
2979:
2663:
2520:
2320:
1892:
1812:
1721:
1636:
1494:
1460:
1451:
820:
518:
482:
478:
469:
had xenarthrous vertebrae and osseous scutes, convergent to those of modern
452:
150:
98:
42:
17:
1309:
1291:
1203:
1142:
1124:
1065:
961:
916:
335:
mammals, and include some of the best preserved
Mesozoic mammal specimens.
439:
At least in carnivorous niches, gobiconodontids were probably replaced by
3996:
3714:
3616:
3406:
3345:
2972:
2100:
1899:
1758:
1521:
1469:
1442:
521:
after
Marisol Montellano, James A. Hopson, James M. Clark (2008) and Gao
494:
490:
486:
348:
320:
170:
88:
83:
68:
63:
53:
1194:
1185:
997:; Richard L. Cifelli; Zhe-Xi Luo (2004). "Chapter 7: Eutriconodontans".
907:
898:
4044:
3888:
3509:
3305:
2625:
2140:
1921:
1847:
1109:"Mammal disparity decreases during the Cretaceous angiosperm radiation"
844:
347:
mammals, gobiocontids retained classical mammalian synapomorphies like
316:
103:
78:
1251:
1226:
3687:
3586:
1589:
1548:
1436:
1418:
498:
382:
344:
332:
180:
160:
3973:
1084:
Mammals from the Age of
Dinosaurs: origins, evolution, and structure
1082:; Richard L. Cifelli; Zhe-Xi Luo (2004). "Chapter 12: Metaherians".
999:
Mammals from the Age of
Dinosaurs: origins, evolution, and structure
943:"Diversity of triconodonts in the MiddleJurassic of Great Britain"
4031:
331:. The Gobiconodontids form a diverse lineage of carnivorous non-
3977:
3811:
2902:
2058:
1587:
1429:
1391:
1225:
Jäger, Kai R. K.; Cifelli, Richard L.; Martin, Thomas (2021).
362:
351:
bones (and likely the associated reproductive constrictions),
1322:
Yuan, C.; Xu, L.; Zhang, X.; Xi, Y.; Wu, Y.; Ji, Q. (2009).
1387:
408:
happens by the molars essentially interlocking, with lower
1086:. New York: Columbia University Press. pp. 425–462.
1001:. New York: Columbia University Press. pp. 216–248.
1280:
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
1113:
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
936:
934:
989:
987:
985:
3873:
3863:
3853:
3843:
3833:
3699:
3672:
3662:
3652:
3642:
3632:
3622:
3612:
3602:
3592:
3582:
3572:
3562:
3552:
3542:
3475:
3452:
3442:
3432:
3422:
3412:
3402:
3392:
3381:
3371:
3361:
3351:
3341:
3279:
3121:
2920:
2733:
2675:
2605:
2560:
2459:
2428:
2398:
2332:
2308:
2298:
2288:
2278:
2268:
2258:
2248:
2238:
2228:
2218:
2208:
2198:
2188:
2178:
2167:
2156:
2146:
2136:
2126:
2116:
2106:
2096:
2086:
1976:
1939:
1929:
1905:
1888:
1877:
1866:
1843:
1800:
1769:
1730:
1678:
1648:
1624:
1614:
1376:. Oxford University Press, Oxford 2005, 331 Seiten,
872:
870:
3986:
3897:
3822:
3742:
3713:
3686:
3527:
3474:
3326:
3278:
3226:
3120:
2989:
2919:
2846:
2732:
2674:
2649:
2604:
2559:
2458:
2427:
2397:
2331:
2071:
2008:
1975:
1920:
1857:
1830:
1799:
1768:
1729:
1720:
1677:
1647:
1600:
1547:
1520:
1493:
974:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of September 2024 (
365:similar to that of modern mammals, with compound
749:
747:
446:, which are the dominant carnivorous mammals in
1107:Grossnickle, David M.; Polly, P. David (2013).
501:, being the second known Mesozoic mammal after
1403:
8:
941:Butler, P.M.; Sigogneau-Russell, D. (2016).
389:. Furthermore, it may also display signs of
3974:
3819:
3808:
3692:
3535:
3334:
3129:
2928:
2916:
2912:
2899:
2655:
2079:
2068:
2055:
1836:
1726:
1607:
1597:
1584:
1526:
1499:
1490:
1426:
1410:
1396:
1388:
795:
793:
114:
31:
1355:
1299:
1250:
1193:
1132:
1055:
906:
819:J. Li; Y. Wang; Y. Wang; C. Li (2001).
720:
694:
967:
1374:The Origin & Evolution of Mammals
7:
621:
570:
563:
539:
528:
756:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
369:with primary and secondary hairs.
25:
4112:Middle Jurassic first appearances
462:and other larger eutriconodonts.
3794:
3788:
2885:
2879:
2040:
2033:
1357:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2009.00035.x
738:10.19615/j.cnki.1000-3118.190724
377:like modern mammals, as well as
327:, though most common during the
137:
214:Jenkins Jr. & Schaff, 1988
1:
456:appears after the absence of
355:and sprawling limbs. Through
4122:Prehistoric mammal families
4117:Late Cretaceous extinctions
776:10.1671/0272-4634-28.4.1130
473:and to a lesser extent the
361:we also know that they had
4138:
1048:10.1038/s41598-023-37545-8
3818:
3807:
3785:
3695:
3538:
3337:
3132:
2931:
2915:
2911:
2898:
2876:
2658:
2082:
2067:
2054:
2030:
1839:
1610:
1596:
1583:
1529:
1502:
1489:
1425:
643:
626:
619:
593:
575:
568:
561:
544:
537:
319:that ranged from the mid-
250:Godefroit & Guo, 1999
224:
219:
134:Scientific classification
132:
122:
113:
34:
27:Extinct family of mammals
825:Chinese Science Bulletin
1231:Papers in Palaeontology
1080:Zofia Kielan-Jaworowska
995:Zofia Kielan-Jaworowska
950:Palaeontologia Polonica
373:also possesses a clear
1292:10.1098/rspb.2009.1014
1125:10.1098/rspb.2013.2110
964:(inactive 2024-09-18).
962:10.4202/pp.2016.67_035
802:Vertebrata PalAsiatica
730:Vertebrata PalAsiatica
4079:Paleobiology Database
1336:Acta Geologica Sinica
3884:Saint Bathans Mammal
343:Like many other non-
123:Life restoration of
1348:2009AcGlS..83..207Y
1243:2021PPal....7.1065J
1186:10.1038/nature14905
1178:2015Natur.526..380M
1040:2023NatSR..1311221H
899:10.1038/nature14905
891:2015Natur.526..380M
837:2001ChSBu..46..782L
768:2008JVPal..28.1130M
3329:Prototribosphenida
1832:Ornithorhynchoidea
1682:Ausktribosphenidae
1324:"A new species of
1028:Scientific Reports
845:10.1007/BF03187223
387:Meckel's cartilage
4094:
4093:
4066:Open Tree of Life
3980:Taxon identifiers
3971:
3970:
3967:
3966:
3963:
3962:
3803:
3802:
3783:
3782:
3779:
3778:
3775:
3774:
3771:
3770:
3322:
3321:
3274:
3273:
3116:
3115:
2894:
2893:
2874:
2873:
2870:
2869:
2866:
2865:
2823:Symmetrodontoides
2679:Zhangheotheriidae
2050:
2049:
2028:
2027:
1998:multituberculates
1971:
1970:
1967:
1966:
1859:Ornithorhynchidae
1716:
1715:
1579:
1578:
1575:
1574:
1571:
1570:
1567:
1566:
1286:(1679): 237–246.
1252:10.1002/spp2.1329
1172:(7573): 380–384.
1093:978-0-231-11918-4
1008:978-0-231-11918-4
885:(7573): 380–384.
685:
684:
676:
675:
667:
666:
658:
657:
608:
607:
507:to have done so.
306:
305:
293:
279:
265:
251:
241:
215:
16:(Redirected from
4129:
4087:
4086:
4074:
4073:
4061:
4060:
4048:
4047:
4035:
4034:
4022:
4021:
4020:
4018:Gobiconodontidae
4007:
4006:
4005:
3988:Gobiconodontidae
3975:
3875:
3865:
3855:
3845:
3835:
3820:
3809:
3798:
3793:
3792:
3701:
3693:
3674:
3664:
3654:
3644:
3634:
3624:
3614:
3604:
3594:
3584:
3574:
3564:
3554:
3544:
3536:
3517:Tendagurutherium
3477:
3454:
3444:
3434:
3424:
3414:
3404:
3394:
3383:
3373:
3363:
3353:
3343:
3335:
3281:
3145:Austrotriconodon
3130:
3123:
3100:Portopinheirodon
2952:Drescheratherium
2929:
2922:
2917:
2913:
2900:
2889:
2884:
2883:
2816:Spalacotheroides
2802:Spalacotheridium
2737:Spalacotheriidae
2735:
2677:
2656:
2607:
2562:
2461:
2430:
2400:
2336:Gobiconodontidae
2334:
2310:
2300:
2290:
2280:
2270:
2260:
2250:
2240:
2230:
2220:
2210:
2200:
2190:
2180:
2169:
2158:
2148:
2138:
2128:
2118:
2108:
2098:
2088:
2080:
2069:
2056:
2045:
2044:
2038:
2037:
1978:
1941:
1931:
1907:
1890:
1879:
1868:
1845:
1837:
1802:
1771:
1732:
1727:
1691:Ausktribosphenos
1680:
1650:
1629:Tendagurutherium
1626:
1616:
1608:
1602:Australosphenida
1598:
1585:
1527:
1500:
1491:
1484:
1483:
1427:
1412:
1405:
1398:
1389:
1372:Thomas S. Kemp:
1369:
1359:
1314:
1313:
1303:
1271:
1265:
1264:
1254:
1237:(2): 1065–1080.
1222:
1216:
1215:
1197:
1161:
1155:
1154:
1136:
1104:
1098:
1097:
1076:
1070:
1069:
1059:
1019:
1013:
1012:
991:
980:
979:
973:
965:
947:
938:
929:
928:
910:
874:
865:
864:
816:
810:
809:
797:
788:
787:
762:(4): 1130–1143.
751:
742:
741:
725:
708:
699:
622:
571:
564:
540:
534:Gobiconodontidae
529:
385:and an ossified
329:Early Cretaceous
309:Gobiconodontidae
287:
273:
259:
249:
239:
213:
210:Gobiconodontidae
208:
197:
192:
142:
141:
118:
108:
45:
38:Temporal range:
35:Gobiconodontidae
32:
21:
4137:
4136:
4132:
4131:
4130:
4128:
4127:
4126:
4107:Gobiconodontids
4097:
4096:
4095:
4090:
4082:
4077:
4069:
4064:
4056:
4051:
4043:
4038:
4030:
4025:
4016:
4015:
4010:
4001:
4000:
3995:
3982:
3972:
3959:
3893:
3814:
3799:
3787:
3767:
3738:
3709:
3682:
3530:
3529:Tribosphenida /
3523:
3470:
3331:
3318:
3270:
3228:Mesungulatoidea
3222:
3112:
2985:
2907:
2890:
2878:
2862:
2842:
2728:
2723:Zhangheotherium
2670:
2645:
2633:Trishulotherium
2600:
2595:Volaticotherium
2555:
2542:Victoriaconodon
2463:Triconodontidae
2454:
2423:
2393:
2327:
2283:Phascolotherium
2076:
2063:
2046:
2039:
2032:
2024:
2004:
1963:
1916:
1900:Ornithorhynchus
1853:
1826:
1795:
1773:Steropodontidae
1764:
1734:Kollikodontidae
1712:
1673:
1643:
1592:
1563:
1543:
1516:
1485:
1432:
1431:
1421:
1416:
1321:
1318:
1317:
1273:
1272:
1268:
1224:
1223:
1219:
1163:
1162:
1158:
1106:
1105:
1101:
1094:
1078:
1077:
1073:
1021:
1020:
1016:
1009:
993:
992:
983:
966:
945:
940:
939:
932:
876:
875:
868:
818:
817:
813:
799:
798:
791:
753:
752:
745:
727:
726:
722:
717:
712:
711:
700:
696:
691:
686:
677:
668:
659:
609:
516:
448:Late Cretaceous
441:deltatheroidean
391:dermatophytosis
341:
325:Late Cretaceous
212:
206:
195:
190:
136:
109:
107:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
40:
39:
36:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4135:
4133:
4125:
4124:
4119:
4114:
4109:
4099:
4098:
4092:
4091:
4089:
4088:
4075:
4062:
4049:
4036:
4023:
4008:
3992:
3990:
3984:
3983:
3978:
3969:
3968:
3965:
3964:
3961:
3960:
3958:
3957:
3952:
3950:Amphitheriidae
3947:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3915:Eutriconodonta
3912:
3907:
3901:
3899:
3895:
3894:
3892:
3891:
3886:
3881:
3871:
3861:
3851:
3841:
3830:
3828:
3825:Incertae sedis
3816:
3815:
3812:
3805:
3804:
3801:
3800:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3780:
3777:
3776:
3773:
3772:
3769:
3768:
3766:
3765:
3764:
3763:
3757:
3748:
3746:
3740:
3739:
3737:
3736:
3735:
3734:
3728:
3719:
3717:
3711:
3710:
3708:
3707:
3696:
3690:
3684:
3683:
3681:
3680:
3670:
3660:
3650:
3640:
3630:
3620:
3610:
3600:
3590:
3580:
3570:
3560:
3557:Argaliatherium
3550:
3539:
3533:
3525:
3524:
3522:
3521:
3513:
3506:
3499:
3492:
3483:
3481:
3472:
3471:
3469:
3468:
3460:
3450:
3440:
3430:
3420:
3410:
3400:
3390:
3386:Brancatherulum
3379:
3369:
3359:
3356:Amphibetulimus
3349:
3338:
3332:
3327:
3324:
3323:
3320:
3319:
3317:
3316:
3309:
3302:
3295:
3287:
3285:
3276:
3275:
3272:
3271:
3269:
3268:
3261:
3258:Peligrotherium
3254:
3247:
3240:
3237:Coloniatherium
3232:
3230:
3224:
3223:
3221:
3220:
3213:
3210:Quirogatherium
3206:
3199:
3192:
3185:
3177:
3173:Groebertherium
3169:
3162:
3155:
3148:
3141:
3133:
3127:
3125:Meridiolestida
3118:
3117:
3114:
3113:
3111:
3110:
3103:
3096:
3089:
3082:
3075:
3067:
3060:
3053:
3046:
3042:Groebertherium
3038:
3031:
3024:
3017:
3014:Anthracolestes
3010:
3003:
2995:
2993:
2987:
2986:
2984:
2983:
2976:
2969:
2966:Henkelotherium
2962:
2955:
2948:
2941:
2937:Brancatherulum
2932:
2926:
2909:
2908:
2903:
2896:
2895:
2892:
2891:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2871:
2868:
2867:
2864:
2863:
2861:
2860:
2859:
2858:
2852:
2850:
2844:
2843:
2841:
2840:
2833:
2830:Symmetrolestes
2826:
2819:
2812:
2809:Spalacotherium
2805:
2798:
2791:
2784:
2777:
2770:
2763:
2760:Cifellitherium
2756:
2749:
2741:
2739:
2730:
2729:
2727:
2726:
2719:
2712:
2705:
2698:
2691:
2683:
2681:
2672:
2671:
2669:
2668:
2659:
2653:
2647:
2646:
2644:
2643:
2636:
2629:
2622:
2618:Gobiotheriodon
2613:
2611:
2602:
2601:
2599:
2598:
2591:
2583:
2580:Ichthyoconodon
2576:
2573:Argentoconodon
2568:
2566:
2564:Volaticotheria
2557:
2556:
2554:
2553:
2549:Volaticotheria
2545:
2538:
2531:
2524:
2517:
2510:
2503:
2496:
2489:
2482:
2479:Arundelconodon
2475:
2467:
2465:
2456:
2455:
2453:
2452:
2445:
2437:
2435:
2425:
2424:
2422:
2421:
2414:
2406:
2404:
2402:Jeholodentidae
2395:
2394:
2392:
2391:
2384:
2377:
2370:
2362:
2355:
2348:
2340:
2338:
2329:
2328:
2326:
2325:
2317:
2306:
2296:
2293:Sangarotherium
2286:
2276:
2266:
2256:
2246:
2236:
2226:
2216:
2206:
2196:
2193:Indotriconodon
2186:
2176:
2165:
2154:
2144:
2134:
2124:
2114:
2104:
2094:
2083:
2077:
2072:
2065:
2064:
2059:
2052:
2051:
2048:
2047:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2025:
2023:
2022:
2021:
2020:
2014:
2012:
2006:
2005:
2003:
2002:
2001:
2000:
1994:
1985:
1983:
1973:
1972:
1969:
1968:
1965:
1964:
1962:
1961:
1954:
1947:
1937:
1926:
1924:
1922:Tachyglossidae
1918:
1917:
1915:
1914:
1910:Patagorhynchus
1903:
1896:
1886:
1875:
1863:
1861:
1855:
1854:
1852:
1851:
1840:
1834:
1828:
1827:
1825:
1824:
1817:
1808:
1806:
1797:
1796:
1794:
1793:
1786:
1777:
1775:
1766:
1765:
1763:
1762:
1755:
1747:
1739:
1737:
1724:
1718:
1717:
1714:
1713:
1711:
1710:
1702:
1694:
1686:
1684:
1675:
1674:
1672:
1671:
1664:
1656:
1654:
1645:
1644:
1642:
1641:
1633:
1622:
1611:
1605:
1594:
1593:
1588:
1581:
1580:
1577:
1576:
1573:
1572:
1569:
1568:
1565:
1564:
1562:
1561:
1560:
1559:
1553:
1551:
1545:
1544:
1542:
1541:
1540:
1539:
1530:
1524:
1518:
1517:
1515:
1514:
1513:
1512:
1503:
1497:
1487:
1486:
1482:
1481:
1479:Mammaliaformes
1472:
1463:
1454:
1445:
1439:
1430:
1423:
1422:
1417:
1415:
1414:
1407:
1400:
1392:
1386:
1385:
1370:
1342:(2): 207–211.
1316:
1315:
1266:
1217:
1156:
1099:
1092:
1071:
1014:
1007:
981:
930:
866:
831:(9): 782–785.
811:
789:
743:
719:
718:
716:
713:
710:
709:
693:
692:
690:
687:
683:
682:
679:
678:
674:
673:
670:
669:
665:
664:
661:
660:
656:
655:
652:
651:
642:
639:
638:
635:
634:
625:
620:
618:
615:
614:
611:
610:
606:
605:
602:
601:
592:
589:
588:
585:
584:
574:
569:
567:
562:
560:
557:
556:
553:
552:
543:
538:
536:
527:
515:
512:
402:triconodontids
367:hair follicles
353:venomous spurs
340:
337:
304:
303:
302:
301:
294:
280:
266:
252:
242:
240:Trofimov, 1978
232:
222:
221:
217:
216:
204:
200:
199:
194:Eutriconodonta
188:
184:
183:
178:
174:
173:
168:
164:
163:
158:
154:
153:
148:
144:
143:
130:
129:
120:
119:
111:
110:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
46:
37:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4134:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4104:
4102:
4085:
4080:
4076:
4072:
4067:
4063:
4059:
4054:
4050:
4046:
4041:
4037:
4033:
4028:
4024:
4019:
4013:
4009:
4004:
3998:
3994:
3993:
3991:
3989:
3985:
3981:
3976:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3945:Paurodontidae
3943:
3941:
3940:Eupantotheria
3938:
3936:
3935:Symmetrodonta
3933:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3920:Amphilestidae
3918:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3902:
3900:
3896:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3879:
3872:
3870:
3869:
3862:
3860:
3859:
3852:
3850:
3849:
3848:Chronoperates
3842:
3840:
3839:
3832:
3831:
3829:
3827:
3826:
3821:
3817:
3810:
3806:
3797:
3791:
3762:
3758:
3756:
3752:
3751:
3750:
3749:
3747:
3745:
3741:
3733:
3729:
3727:
3723:
3722:
3721:
3720:
3718:
3716:
3712:
3706:
3705:
3698:
3697:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3685:
3679:
3678:
3677:Tribactonodon
3671:
3669:
3668:
3661:
3659:
3658:
3651:
3649:
3648:
3641:
3639:
3638:
3637:Kielantherium
3631:
3629:
3628:
3621:
3619:
3618:
3611:
3609:
3608:
3601:
3599:
3598:
3597:Holoclemensia
3591:
3589:
3588:
3581:
3579:
3578:
3571:
3569:
3568:
3561:
3559:
3558:
3551:
3549:
3548:
3541:
3540:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3531:Boreosphenida
3526:
3519:
3518:
3514:
3512:
3511:
3507:
3505:
3504:
3500:
3498:
3497:
3493:
3490:
3489:
3485:
3484:
3482:
3480:
3473:
3466:
3465:
3461:
3459:
3458:
3451:
3449:
3448:
3447:Palaeoxonodon
3441:
3439:
3438:
3431:
3429:
3428:
3421:
3419:
3418:
3411:
3409:
3408:
3401:
3399:
3398:
3391:
3388:
3387:
3380:
3378:
3377:
3370:
3368:
3367:
3360:
3358:
3357:
3350:
3348:
3347:
3340:
3339:
3336:
3333:
3330:
3325:
3315:
3314:
3310:
3308:
3307:
3303:
3301:
3300:
3296:
3294:
3293:
3289:
3288:
3286:
3284:
3277:
3267:
3266:
3262:
3260:
3259:
3255:
3253:
3252:
3248:
3246:
3245:
3241:
3239:
3238:
3234:
3233:
3231:
3229:
3225:
3219:
3218:
3217:Solanutherium
3214:
3212:
3211:
3207:
3205:
3204:
3203:Paraungulatum
3200:
3198:
3197:
3193:
3191:
3190:
3186:
3183:
3182:
3178:
3175:
3174:
3170:
3168:
3167:
3163:
3161:
3160:
3156:
3154:
3153:
3149:
3147:
3146:
3142:
3140:
3139:
3135:
3134:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3119:
3109:
3108:
3107:Treslagosodon
3104:
3102:
3101:
3097:
3095:
3094:
3090:
3088:
3087:
3083:
3081:
3080:
3076:
3073:
3072:
3068:
3066:
3065:
3064:Krebsotherium
3061:
3059:
3058:
3054:
3052:
3051:
3047:
3044:
3043:
3039:
3037:
3036:
3032:
3030:
3029:
3025:
3023:
3022:
3018:
3016:
3015:
3011:
3009:
3008:
3004:
3002:
3001:
2997:
2996:
2994:
2992:
2988:
2982:
2981:
2977:
2975:
2974:
2970:
2968:
2967:
2963:
2961:
2960:
2956:
2954:
2953:
2949:
2947:
2946:
2942:
2939:
2938:
2934:
2933:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2918:
2914:
2910:
2906:
2901:
2897:
2888:
2882:
2856:
2855:
2854:
2853:
2851:
2849:
2845:
2839:
2838:
2834:
2832:
2831:
2827:
2825:
2824:
2820:
2818:
2817:
2813:
2811:
2810:
2806:
2804:
2803:
2799:
2797:
2796:
2795:Spalacolestes
2792:
2790:
2789:
2785:
2783:
2782:
2778:
2776:
2775:
2774:Infernolestes
2771:
2769:
2768:
2767:Heishanlestes
2764:
2762:
2761:
2757:
2755:
2754:
2750:
2748:
2747:
2743:
2742:
2740:
2738:
2731:
2725:
2724:
2720:
2718:
2717:
2713:
2711:
2710:
2709:Ningchengodon
2706:
2704:
2703:
2699:
2697:
2696:
2692:
2690:
2689:
2685:
2684:
2682:
2680:
2673:
2666:
2665:
2661:
2660:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2651:Trechnotheria
2648:
2642:
2641:
2637:
2635:
2634:
2630:
2628:
2627:
2623:
2620:
2619:
2615:
2614:
2612:
2610:
2603:
2597:
2596:
2592:
2589:
2588:
2587:Triconolestes
2584:
2582:
2581:
2577:
2575:
2574:
2570:
2569:
2567:
2565:
2558:
2551:
2550:
2546:
2544:
2543:
2539:
2537:
2536:
2532:
2530:
2529:
2525:
2523:
2522:
2518:
2516:
2515:
2511:
2509:
2508:
2504:
2502:
2501:
2497:
2495:
2494:
2490:
2488:
2487:
2483:
2481:
2480:
2476:
2474:
2473:
2469:
2468:
2466:
2464:
2457:
2451:
2450:
2446:
2444:
2443:
2439:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2426:
2420:
2419:
2415:
2413:
2412:
2408:
2407:
2405:
2403:
2396:
2390:
2389:
2385:
2383:
2382:
2378:
2376:
2375:
2371:
2368:
2367:
2366:Huasteconodon
2363:
2361:
2360:
2356:
2354:
2353:
2349:
2347:
2346:
2345:Fuxinoconodon
2342:
2341:
2339:
2337:
2330:
2323:
2322:
2318:
2315:
2314:
2307:
2305:
2304:
2297:
2295:
2294:
2287:
2285:
2284:
2277:
2275:
2274:
2267:
2265:
2264:
2257:
2255:
2254:
2247:
2245:
2244:
2237:
2235:
2234:
2233:Kryptotherium
2227:
2225:
2224:
2217:
2215:
2214:
2207:
2205:
2204:
2197:
2195:
2194:
2187:
2185:
2184:
2177:
2174:
2173:
2166:
2163:
2162:
2155:
2153:
2152:
2145:
2143:
2142:
2135:
2133:
2132:
2131:Chaoyangodens
2125:
2123:
2122:
2115:
2113:
2112:
2105:
2103:
2102:
2095:
2093:
2092:
2085:
2084:
2081:
2078:
2075:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2057:
2053:
2043:
2036:
2018:
2017:
2016:
2015:
2013:
2011:
2007:
1999:
1995:
1993:
1989:
1988:
1987:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1974:
1960:
1959:
1955:
1953:
1952:
1948:
1946:
1945:
1944:Murrayglossus
1938:
1936:
1935:
1934:Megalibgwilia
1928:
1927:
1925:
1923:
1919:
1912:
1911:
1904:
1902:
1901:
1897:
1895:
1894:
1887:
1884:
1883:
1876:
1873:
1872:
1865:
1864:
1862:
1860:
1856:
1850:
1849:
1842:
1841:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1829:
1823:
1822:
1818:
1815:
1814:
1810:
1809:
1807:
1805:
1804:Teinolophidae
1798:
1792:
1791:
1787:
1784:
1783:
1779:
1778:
1776:
1774:
1767:
1761:
1760:
1756:
1753:
1752:
1748:
1746:
1745:
1741:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1719:
1708:
1707:
1703:
1700:
1699:
1695:
1693:
1692:
1688:
1687:
1685:
1683:
1676:
1670:
1669:
1665:
1663:
1662:
1658:
1657:
1655:
1653:
1646:
1639:
1638:
1634:
1631:
1630:
1623:
1621:
1620:
1613:
1612:
1609:
1606:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1586:
1582:
1557:
1556:
1555:
1554:
1552:
1550:
1546:
1538:
1534:
1533:
1532:
1531:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1519:
1511:
1507:
1506:
1505:
1504:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1480:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1440:
1438:
1434:
1433:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1413:
1408:
1406:
1401:
1399:
1394:
1393:
1390:
1383:
1382:0-19-850761-5
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1349:
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1337:
1333:
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1327:
1320:
1319:
1311:
1307:
1302:
1297:
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1277:
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1196:
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1187:
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1103:
1100:
1095:
1089:
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1075:
1072:
1067:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1049:
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1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1018:
1015:
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1004:
1000:
996:
990:
988:
986:
982:
977:
971:
963:
959:
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951:
944:
937:
935:
931:
926:
922:
918:
914:
909:
904:
900:
896:
892:
888:
884:
880:
873:
871:
867:
862:
858:
854:
850:
846:
842:
838:
834:
830:
826:
822:
815:
812:
807:
803:
796:
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790:
785:
781:
777:
773:
769:
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761:
757:
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748:
744:
739:
735:
731:
724:
721:
714:
706:
705:
698:
695:
688:
681:
680:
672:
671:
663:
662:
654:
653:
650:
649:
648:
647:Huasteconodon
641:
640:
637:
636:
633:
632:
631:
624:
623:
617:
616:
613:
612:
604:
603:
600:
599:
598:
591:
590:
587:
586:
583:
582:
581:
573:
572:
566:
565:
559:
558:
555:
554:
551:
550:
549:
542:
541:
535:
531:
530:
526:
524:
520:
513:
511:
508:
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468:
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460:
455:
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419:
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403:
399:
394:
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388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
359:
354:
350:
346:
338:
336:
334:
330:
326:
323:to the early
322:
318:
314:
310:
300:
299:
295:
291:
286:
285:
281:
277:
272:
271:
267:
263:
258:
257:
256:Huasteconodon
253:
248:
247:
243:
238:
237:
233:
231:
230:
229:Fuxinoconodon
226:
225:
223:
218:
211:
205:
202:
201:
198:
189:
186:
185:
182:
179:
176:
175:
172:
169:
166:
165:
162:
159:
156:
155:
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149:
146:
145:
140:
135:
131:
128:
127:
121:
117:
112:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
44:
33:
30:
19:
3987:
3925:Theriiformes
3876:
3866:
3856:
3846:
3836:
3823:
3702:
3675:
3665:
3655:
3647:Pappotherium
3645:
3635:
3625:
3615:
3605:
3595:
3585:
3577:Carinalestes
3575:
3565:
3555:
3545:
3515:
3508:
3503:Peramuroides
3501:
3494:
3486:
3462:
3455:
3445:
3435:
3425:
3415:
3405:
3395:
3384:
3374:
3366:Amphitherium
3364:
3354:
3344:
3311:
3304:
3297:
3290:
3283:Donodontidae
3265:Reigitherium
3263:
3256:
3249:
3244:Mesungulatum
3242:
3235:
3215:
3208:
3201:
3194:
3187:
3181:Lakotalestes
3179:
3171:
3164:
3159:Casamiquelia
3157:
3150:
3143:
3136:
3105:
3098:
3093:Phascolestes
3091:
3086:Minutolestes
3084:
3077:
3071:Lakotalestes
3069:
3062:
3055:
3050:Guimarotodus
3048:
3040:
3033:
3026:
3019:
3012:
3007:Amblotherium
3005:
2998:
2991:Dryolestidae
2978:
2971:
2964:
2957:
2950:
2943:
2935:
2835:
2828:
2821:
2814:
2807:
2800:
2793:
2786:
2779:
2772:
2765:
2758:
2751:
2744:
2721:
2714:
2707:
2700:
2693:
2686:
2662:
2638:
2631:
2624:
2616:
2609:Tinodontidae
2593:
2585:
2578:
2571:
2547:
2540:
2533:
2526:
2519:
2512:
2505:
2500:Eotriconodon
2498:
2493:Corviconodon
2491:
2486:Astroconodon
2484:
2477:
2470:
2447:
2440:
2416:
2409:
2386:
2379:
2372:
2364:
2357:
2350:
2343:
2335:
2319:
2311:
2303:Tendagurodon
2301:
2291:
2281:
2271:
2261:
2251:
2241:
2231:
2221:
2211:
2201:
2191:
2181:
2172:Fruitafossor
2170:
2159:
2149:
2139:
2129:
2119:
2109:
2099:
2089:
2074:Theriimorpha
2061:Theriimorpha
2010:Theriimorpha
1956:
1951:Tachyglossus
1949:
1942:
1932:
1908:
1898:
1891:
1882:Monotrematum
1880:
1869:
1846:
1819:
1811:
1788:
1780:
1757:
1749:
1742:
1704:
1696:
1689:
1666:
1661:Asfaltomylos
1659:
1652:Henosferidae
1635:
1627:
1617:
1474:
1465:
1456:
1447:
1373:
1339:
1335:
1329:
1325:
1283:
1279:
1269:
1234:
1230:
1220:
1195:10486/710730
1169:
1165:
1159:
1116:
1112:
1102:
1083:
1074:
1034:(1): 11221.
1031:
1027:
1017:
998:
970:cite journal
953:
949:
908:10486/710730
882:
878:
828:
824:
814:
805:
801:
759:
755:
732:. in press.
729:
723:
702:
697:
645:
644:
628:
627:
595:
594:
578:
576:
546:
545:
533:
522:
517:
509:
504:Fruitafossor
502:
466:
464:
457:
451:
444:metatherians
438:
433:
429:
422:
416:
414:
398:amphilestids
395:
370:
356:
342:
308:
307:
296:
289:
282:
275:
268:
261:
254:
244:
234:
227:
209:
124:
41:184–94
29:
18:Gobiconodont
4012:Wikispecies
3955:Marsupionta
3930:Pantotheria
3905:Prototheria
3858:Microderson
3667:Tirotherium
3567:Brasilestes
3496:Kouriogenys
3488:Afriquiamus
3479:Peramuridae
3464:Monotremata
3457:Vincelestes
3397:Chunnelodon
3299:Anoualestes
3292:Amazighodon
3251:Orretherium
3196:Necrolestes
3138:Amarillodon
3028:Crusafontia
2924:Dryolestida
2905:Cladotheria
2848:Cladotheria
2837:Yaverlestes
2746:Akidolestes
2716:Origolestes
2695:Kiyatherium
2664:Monotremata
2535:Trioracodon
2472:Alticonodon
2432:Klameliidae
2418:Yanoconodon
2388:Spinolestes
2381:Repenomamus
2374:Meemannodon
2352:Gobiconodon
2321:Monotremata
2263:Manchurodon
2253:Liaotherium
2243:Liaoconodon
2203:Juchilestes
2183:Hakusanodon
2161:Dyskritodon
2121:Aploconodon
2111:Amphilestes
1871:Dharragarra
1821:Teinolophos
1722:Monotremata
1637:Monotremata
1330:Gobiconodon
1326:Gobiconodon
704:Gobiconodon
630:Gobiconodon
597:Repenomamus
580:Meemannodon
471:xenarthrans
467:Spinolestes
459:Gobiconodon
434:Repenomamus
430:Gobiconodon
424:Gobiconodon
418:Repenomamus
400:but unlike
371:Spinolestes
358:Spinolestes
315:of extinct
298:Spinolestes
284:Repenomamus
270:Meemannodon
260:Montellano
236:Gobiconodon
126:Gobiconodon
4101:Categories
3910:Yinotheria
3898:Other taxa
3878:Tingamarra
3868:Thereuodon
3813:Other taxa
3761:marsupials
3755:Metatheria
3744:Metatheria
3732:placentals
3704:Patagomaia
3547:Aegialodon
3437:Nanolestes
3057:Hercynodon
3035:Dryolestes
2959:Euthlastus
2945:Dorsetodon
2857:see below↓
2788:Shalbaatar
2702:Maotherium
2528:Triconodon
2514:Meiconodon
2442:Ferganodon
2411:Jeholodens
2313:Allotheria
2213:Jueconodon
2151:Condorodon
2091:Acinacodus
2019:see below↓
1992:Allotheria
1980:Allotheria
1790:Steropodon
1782:Parvopalus
1751:Kryoryctes
1744:Kollikodon
1706:Kryoparvus
1668:Henosferus
1558:see below↓
1537:Cynodontia
1522:Cynodontia
1470:Cynodontia
1461:Therapsida
808:(1): 1–10.
715:References
475:hero shrew
3838:Atlasodon
3759:includes
3730:includes
3627:Kermackia
3607:Hypomylos
3313:Stylodens
3189:Leonardus
3152:Bondesius
3079:Laolestes
3000:Achyrodon
2980:Tathiodon
2781:Lactodens
2521:Priacodon
2507:Jugulator
2359:Hangjinia
2273:Nakunodon
2223:Kemchugia
1996:includes
1958:Zaglossus
1893:Obdurodon
1813:Stirtodon
1510:Synapsida
1495:Synapsida
1452:Synapsida
1435:Kingdom:
1366:129667303
1261:225501396
1212:205245235
956:: 35–65.
925:205245235
861:129025369
853:1001-6538
784:128782275
548:Hangjinia
519:Cladogram
514:Phylogeny
483:pangolins
479:anteaters
465:At least
453:Nanocuris
406:occlusion
381:, dermal
375:diaphragm
246:Hangjinia
196: (?)
157:Kingdom:
151:Eukaryota
3997:Wikidata
3726:Eutheria
3715:Eutheria
3657:Picopsis
3617:Juramaia
3407:Magnimus
3376:Arguimus
3346:Abelodon
3166:Cronopio
3021:Beckumia
2973:Paurodon
2688:Anebodon
2640:Yermakia
2449:Klamelia
2101:Amphidon
1759:Sundrius
1619:Ambondro
1590:Mammalia
1549:Mammalia
1443:Chordata
1441:Phylum:
1437:Animalia
1419:Mammalia
1310:19726475
1204:26469049
1143:24089340
1119:(1771).
1066:37464026
1057:10354204
917:26469049
525:(2010).
495:aardwolf
491:aardvark
487:echidnas
349:epipubic
321:Jurassic
203:Family:
181:Mammalia
171:Chordata
167:Phylum:
161:Animalia
147:Domain:
4071:4141897
4045:4975204
4032:4528007
4003:Q148835
3889:UA 8699
3510:Peramus
3427:Mozomus
3417:Minimus
3306:Donodon
2626:Tinodon
2141:Comodon
1848:Opalios
1698:Bishops
1344:Bibcode
1301:2842676
1239:Bibcode
1174:Bibcode
1151:6742591
1134:3790494
1036:Bibcode
887:Bibcode
833:Bibcode
764:Bibcode
345:therian
339:Biology
333:therian
317:mammals
220:Genera
187:Order:
177:Class:
4058:121963
3688:Theria
3587:Eomaia
2753:Aliaga
1380:
1364:
1308:
1298:
1259:
1210:
1202:
1166:Nature
1149:
1141:
1131:
1090:
1064:
1054:
1005:
923:
915:
879:Nature
859:
851:
782:
532:
523:et al.
499:numbat
383:scutes
379:spines
313:family
292:, 2000
290:et al.
278:, 2005
276:et al.
264:, 2008
262:et al.
4084:67668
4053:IRMNG
1475:Clade
1466:Clade
1457:Clade
1448:Clade
1362:S2CID
1257:S2CID
1208:S2CID
1147:S2CID
946:(PDF)
921:S2CID
857:S2CID
780:S2CID
689:Notes
311:is a
274:Meng
4040:GBIF
3753:see
3724:see
1990:see
1535:see
1508:see
1378:ISBN
1306:PMID
1200:PMID
1139:PMID
1088:ISBN
1062:PMID
1003:ISBN
976:link
913:PMID
849:ISSN
497:and
432:and
421:and
410:cusp
49:PreꞒ
4027:EoL
1352:doi
1296:PMC
1288:doi
1284:277
1247:doi
1190:hdl
1182:doi
1170:526
1129:PMC
1121:doi
1117:280
1052:PMC
1044:doi
958:doi
903:hdl
895:doi
883:526
841:doi
772:doi
734:doi
701:In
363:fur
288:Li
4103::
4081::
4068::
4055::
4042::
4029::
4014::
3999::
1477::
1468::
1459::
1450::
1360:.
1350:.
1340:83
1338:.
1334:.
1304:.
1294:.
1282:.
1278:.
1255:.
1245:.
1233:.
1229:.
1206:.
1198:.
1188:.
1180:.
1168:.
1145:.
1137:.
1127:.
1115:.
1111:.
1060:.
1050:.
1042:.
1032:13
1030:.
1026:.
984:^
972:}}
968:{{
954:67
952:.
948:.
933:^
919:.
911:.
901:.
893:.
881:.
869:^
855:.
847:.
839:.
829:46
827:.
823:.
806:43
804:.
792:^
778:.
770:.
760:28
758:.
746:^
577:?
493:,
489:,
485:,
481:,
404:,
99:Pg
43:Ma
3874:†
3864:†
3854:†
3844:†
3834:†
3700:†
3673:†
3663:†
3653:†
3643:†
3633:†
3623:†
3613:†
3603:†
3593:†
3583:†
3573:†
3563:†
3553:†
3543:†
3520:?
3491:?
3476:†
3467:?
3453:†
3443:†
3433:†
3423:†
3413:†
3403:†
3393:†
3389:?
3382:†
3372:†
3362:†
3352:†
3342:†
3280:†
3184:?
3176:?
3122:†
3074:?
3045:?
2940:?
2921:†
2734:†
2676:†
2667:?
2621:?
2606:†
2590:?
2561:†
2552:?
2460:†
2434:?
2429:†
2399:†
2369:?
2333:†
2324:?
2316:?
2309:†
2299:†
2289:†
2279:†
2269:†
2259:†
2249:†
2239:†
2229:†
2219:†
2209:†
2199:†
2189:†
2179:†
2175:?
2168:†
2164:?
2157:†
2147:†
2137:†
2127:†
2117:†
2107:†
2097:†
2087:†
1982:?
1977:†
1940:†
1930:†
1913:?
1906:†
1889:†
1885:?
1878:†
1874:?
1867:†
1844:†
1816:?
1801:†
1785:?
1770:†
1754:?
1736:?
1731:†
1709:?
1701:?
1679:†
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1632:?
1625:†
1615:†
1604:?
1411:e
1404:t
1397:v
1384:.
1368:.
1354::
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1312:.
1290::
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1214:.
1192::
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1153:.
1123::
1096:.
1068:.
1046::
1038::
1011:.
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927:.
905::
897::
889::
863:.
843::
835::
786:.
774::
766::
740:.
736::
207:†
191:†
104:N
94:K
89:J
84:T
79:P
74:C
69:D
64:S
59:O
54:Ꞓ
20:)
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