620:. Sir Kay sets out to find food for his wearied king, and barges in on a manor near the castle of the Lord of Meyloant/Meliolant. He finds a dwarf roasting a peacock, and asks "Are there any persons about?" (as if a dwarf is not a human being). Ignored, Kay holds back his compulsion to kill the dwarf on the spot, and now says, in effect, that "Since such a lovely bird as this is a mismatch for a humnchbacked dwarf, I shall have it for dinner." The angered dwarf now tells him to leave or suffer the consequences. Kay hurls the dwarf to a pillar supporting the chimney, when the lord of the manor makes entrance. The lord asks what is going on, and Kay is characteristically rude. So the lord declares "It is not in the habit of my family to refuse food to anyone who asks," and he grabs the peacock (probably by its spit) and slugs Kay in the neck, leaving him with an indelible burn mark. Kay reports back to Arthur of his failure, and the courteous Gawain is sent. The lord of the manor (named Yder li biaus or "Yder the Fair") is impressed and gives Arthur and his men a cordial invitation to his manor. (Potvin ed. III, lines 16331-16624; 1530 prose print version, fol. 103b-105 )
459:), and Sir Gawain is able to draw his dagger and hold it to his adversary's throat. But Gologras will not ask for mercy. He prefers death to the dishonour of surrendering to Sir Gawain. The victorious knight tries to persuade the other to capitulate and Gologras replies that if Sir Gawain will pretend to have been defeated and to walk off the field as his prisoner, then he will see that matters are resolved to Sir Gawain's liking once he is in his castle. Despite not knowing Gologras at all, Sir Gawain agrees to this plan, sensing that his adversary is honourable. They pick themselves up from the ground, pretend to fight for a while (a
624:
knights from the neighboring lands gather, so that three thousand banners now flourish the castle. But no all-out siege warfare follows, and each army sends out a representative each day to joust in single-combat. Shortly after arriving, a number of single-combats take place. First Sir Lucan defeats one of the castle's knights, then he is himself defeated and taken prisoner. Bran de Lis is then victorious for King Arthur, Sir Kay loses his joust and, after an interval for a hunt, Sir Yvain is also victorious. The castle's lord, the "Riche
Soldoier" , then decides to fight. Sir Gawain rides against him.
315:, and Sir Kay is sent inside to buy food and provisions. The hall is deserted, but in an adjoining kitchen is a dwarf roasting a fowl, and Kay is so hungry he grabs the meat. The lord of the castle appears and rebukes him, but Kay answers defiantly, earning a thrashing. (ll. 40-118) King Arthur now sends Sir Gawain to bargain with its lord. Sir Gawain courteously entreats the lord of the castle to furnish supplies at whatever price he asks. The lord says he cannot comply, but all he meant was he cannot possibly accept payment, because that would bring him insufferable shame, deserving of being
102:, and his characteristic fairness makes him gain more for King Arthur than will violence alone. In the Gologras episode, Gawain's soft-spoken words alone fail to achieve results, but Gawain prevails by in combat where the others have failed. And even there, it is the combination of both "knightly honor and prowess" that stamps the hallmark of Gawain's chivalry: for Gawain, ever the gracious victor, agrees to participate in a charade pretending to be the vanquished loser, in order to save face for his adversary Gologras. Striking friendship with such dreaded foe is reminiscent of
853:, the king of the Otherworld, and in an attempt to make amends, agrees to exchange places with this king for a year and a day in order to do battle with another king of the Otherworld, Havgan, in a year's time. So Arawn takes on the form of Pywll, Pwyll takes on the appearance of Arawn, and after spending a year in each other's lands, Pwyll (who looks like Arawn) does battle with Havgan, who must only be struck once, since if he is struck repeatedly, he will return the next day as fit and well as he ever was.
470:(the medieval meal table). Gologras bangs the table with a heavy wand to command attention, and addresses his noblemen who rule the baronies and towns. He asks for their honest opinion on the following: Would they prefer that he were defeated on the field and captured, or be killed so that another lord may replace him to rule over them. The nobles are distressed, because they begin to understand what truly happened. They reply that they would rather have Gologras as their lord to the end of his days.
719:, also, has King Arthur fighting in France and leading an army towards Tuscany: "In the tyme of Arthur, as trew men me tald / The King turnit on ane tyde towart Tuskane, / Hym to seik ovr the sey, that saiklese was sald, / The syre that sendis all seill, suthly to sane." ("In the time of Arthur, as honest men have told me, the king set off one day for Tuscany, to seek Our Lord over the sea who was betrayed and died for us, our benevolent Father in all truthfulness.")
279:
648:. She was not able to make it in time to marry her knight on the wedding day, and she feared that would be the death of him. Gawain reassures her that her knight is alive. Gawain later learns from Brandelis that this knight turns out to be the ruler of the Proud Castle, named the Riche Soudoier, and the lady was his
773:
involves reciprocity. In the one, Sir Gawain takes upon himself what he has given to
Gologras, that is, the mantle of defeat. In the other, Sir Gawain receives what he has given to his opponent, that is, a stroke of the axe. And not only a stroke of the axe, but earlier, also, in Bertilak's castle, a
406:
was on display, with the inscribed name clearly visible. Then a great sound of the trumpet was heard from the castle, and the man who blew it strutted towards a tower, fully armed, flashing sunlight in his direction from his shield and brandishing his spear. King Arthur asked the meaning of this, and
340:
King Arthur reaches the Holy Land, and returns to
Gologras's castle on the RhĂ´ne. Arthur and his retinue camp before the castle, pitching pavilion type tents, planning their strategy, with the possibility of laying a siege in case negotiations break down. Arthur sends out three knights as emissaries,
336:
After many more weary days of travel, King Arthur reaches a magnificent castle on the river RhĂ´ne, in southern France. The castle boasted thirty-three towers in its edifice. Moored alongside are forty sea-going vessels bound for distant corners of the world and King Arthur asks who is the overlord of
446:
who insists upon taking up this challenge on the king's behalf. Spynagrose is fearful of Gawain's safety and survival, and offers him specific tips in combat, such as to sustain consecutive blows with the shield no matter what happens, and to strike back when the adversary finally lets up, being out
828:
are found in two manuscripts dating to the mid- and late-fourteenth century, but many of the tales themselves "evolved over a span of centuries: passed on from storyteller to storyteller, they were by turns expanded and distorted, improved and misunderstood." A mythological tale in the first of the
623:
King Arthur and his knights with Sir
Brandelis as their guide, arrive at the Proud Castle. (This of course corresponds to Golagros's castle in the English poem, and the knowledgeable Brandleis take on the role of Spynagrose.) When Arthur and his men arrive, loud bells are sounded at the castle, and
414:
or a white horse. Gaudifeir triumphs, and Galiot is taken to Arthur's stronghold. The following day, Gologras sends out Sir Rigal of Rone, and King Arthur counters with Sir
Rannald. After a long and hard battle, the two knights kill one another, and are buried. Gologras then sends out four knights,
631:
the butler is given the honor of jousting. He unhorses his opponent, and captured his horse, seemingly to gain victory. However, Brandelis explains that according to rules, victory hinged on him bringing back his opponent as captive, and had he done so, the castle would have surrendered and their
643:
The jousting is interrupted by Saint Mary's feast, so Arthur and his men go hunting. Sir Gawain discovers a certain knight sitting by a tree. He does not respond to conversation, so Gawain tries to lift him up, and carry him back to Arthur. The knight tells him angrily to leave him alone, for he
94:
tries to do. In the second, far longer, episode, Arthur and his men come to a castle on the Rhone, and learn that its lord (named
Gologras), pledges allegiance to no higher sovereign. Aghast at the thought, Arthur returns to the castle after completing his pilgrimage, and besieges it. The bitter
765:, is determined to be seen to be relaxed and "mery" in his hall, even when things are going badly for him outside and his knights are failing to gain the upper hand. This show of composure in adversity becomes a measure of honour and chivalry for both protagonists. And the climax of both
808:
over a crime of which he is guilty. He rides to
Amiloun, who by now is married, and they exchange identities. Amis rides back to Amiloun's castle pretending to be its lord. Amiloun rides away to fight the single combat on Amis's behalf, able to swear that he is innocent of the crime.
701:, King Arthur travels with an army across France in order to meet a Roman army sent against him. He encounters this army in France, defeats and kills its commander, sending the army back to Rome in disarray, along with the bodies of sixty of the chief senators of Rome, and reaches
974:
Here, line numbering follows the Potvin edition, in which the First continuation start at line 10602. Roach's critical edition starts at line 1 for the base text, so the line-numbering shifts off. Bryant's
English translation also start at line 1.
294:. Golagros's castle is in the RhĂ´ne valley (somewhat confusing since on the first instance (line 319) the original print reads "Rome,") but this is to be emended as "Rone," as occurs elsewhere. Arthur vows to subjugate Golagros's castle on his way
659:
also wins. The day after, the Riche
Soudoier himself was announced to be the combant, so Sir Gawain volunteers to fight. In the end, Gawain is victorious and Arthur achieves the adventure (recovery of Sir Griflet). But just as in the English poem
555:
Perhaps this challenging rhyme scheme, coupled with the poem's use of a large number of technical terms for combat and costume, a Scots dialect and general unavailability of the text, has contributed to its relative, although undeserved, neglect.
551:, however – unlike its more famous cousin – the last four lines of every stanza form a "separate quatrain... linked by final rhyme to the ninth line", a style of alliteration and rhyme that is identical to that found in the Middle English poem
664:
Gawain will pretend to have been defeated by his opponent, so in the meanwhile, Arthur and the others must worry about Gawain's well-being. In the
English poem, Gawaine agrees to the charade merely to save his opponent's face. But in the
455:. Gologras was tall, standing half a foot higher than any other. This single-combat between Gologras and Sir Gawain is long and very evenly fought, but at last Sir Gawain gains the upper hand, when Gologras loses his footing on a slope (
547:, most of the lines of each stanza are alliterative long lines; and like this earlier and more famous Arthurian poem recounting an adventure of Sir Gawain, it has a tail of four short lines at the end of every stanza. In the case of
737:
includes a scene in which a magician, who is the father of a knight of the Round Table, Sir Carados, enters King Arthur's court and invites one of the king's knights to cut off his head, promising that the knight can cut off
182:'s poetry. Accordingly, Madden dated the composition to the first half of the 15th century, coincident with the activity of the "Clerk". Another name also crops up as a speculated author of the two metrical romances, namely
608:
that Madden used the 1530 printed prose version, and not the original verse romance. Sparser summaries in English are given by Bryant and by Roach. (Potvin ed. 16331-624, 18209-19446; Bryant's summary; Madden's summary.)
1021:
Bryant's translation gives "Riche Soldoier" and does not translate the name, but Van Daele's dict gave soudoĂŻer -> soldoier "sm. soldat mercenaire, serviteur Ă gages", so the name means "Rich Mercenary". var, Rice
1568:
Benson, Larry D (Ed), revised by Foster, Edward E (Ed), 1994. King Arthur's Death: The Middle English Stanzaic Morte Arthur and Alliterative Morte Arthure, Kalamazoo, Michigan: Western Michigan University for TEAMS.
1546:
Benson, Larry D (Ed), revised by Foster, Edward E (Ed), 1994. King Arthur's Death: The Middle English Stanzaic Morte Arthur and Alliterative Morte Arthure, Kalamazoo, Michigan: Western Michigan University for TEAMS.
774:
game was played in which everything that Bertilak had gained in the forest was given to Sir Gawain, and everything that Sir Gawain had achieved in the castle was (supposed to be) given to his host. More reciprocity.
463:, the time it takes to walk a mile, or about twenty minutes or half an hour), then Gologras leads Sir Gawain off the field as his prisoner. Roles have been reversed. King Arthur groans in anguish and begins to weep.
450:
At last Gologras appears. He wore armor adorned with red gold and rubies and many heirlooms, and silken fringes. He was mounted on a white-complexioned horse (or a horse with a white forehead) studded with gold and
1322:, 310 and notes "Rone here then would seem to indicate not the city of St. Peter, but the RhĂ´ne valley. Further evidence for this identification occurs at line 1345: On the riche river of Rone ryot thai maid. .."
616:, who has been held prisoner at the Castle Orgueillous ("The Proud Castle"). However, before the main adventure, Arthur and his knights experience a side-quest quite similar to The City of Provisions portion of
477:
from the king. A whole weeks feasting ensues in celebration, and at the end of nine days, as King Arthur prepares to leave, he relinquishes his sovereignty of the land and gives full control back to Gologras.
761:, having gone through much to locate the Green Chapel at which he must suffer this return stroke of the axe, is determined, in truly chivalrous style, to be "merrier than ever before." Likewise, Gologras, in
337:
this wonderful place. On being told by the knowledgeable Sir Spynagrose that its lord owes allegiance to nobody, Arthur is horrified and vows to make the lord (Golagros) submit to him upon his return.
235:(1827), though this was not a literal replica but a proofed and corrected version. This 1827 facsimile was the base text later employed by Madden in his edition of the work, included in the anthology
435:, Owales, Iwell, and Myreot (and possibly a fifth knight named Emell.) Arthur's side lose Owales and Iwell as prisoners, but capture Agalus and Hew, so the honours at the end of it all, remain even.
438:
At this point Golgros's eyes flare in anger, and he declares "I sal bargane abyde, and ane end bryng;" (I shall take up the combat, and make and end of it). Two small bells are rung in the castle's
442:. Arthur inquires its meaning, and again Spynagrose explains that the bells were an announcement that the castle lord Gologras himself was now entering the combat in person. It was Arthur's nephew
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head afterwards. This is done, and a token blow received in return. The episode is very similar to one composed two hundred years later in Middle English alliterative verse, the opening scene of
1145:
1143:
1141:
1139:
636:, and is able to give him the news that Arthur was here to rescue him. The second day, Brandleis wins the joust. The third day, Kay fights a pitched battle, but loses for and infraction of an
588:
is unique, and the Holy pilgrimage setting do not parallel the French romance. (As an aside, the First Perceval continuation provided the source for another surviving English-language poem,
290:, but the two major episodes take place somewhere in France. The city where Arthur replenishes provisions is of uncertain location, but presumably somewhere still to the west of the
677:
Parallels can be found in medieval Arthurian literature, medieval romance and in Welsh mythology. In particular, the motif of reciprocity is widespread in early British literature.
632:
adventure be over. Lucan goes back to the field and is met by a different opponent, and this time he is defeated and taken prisoner. The upside is that Lucan becomes inmates with
319:). The city's lord promises to furnish Arthur with an army of 30,000 whenever in need. Arthur's band is given a feast that lasts for four days, and is supplied with wine and
1457:, pp. 122–123. An abridged English translation of the continuations. The portions in question (within the lines 2054-12690 chunk of text) are only given in summary.
245:
is the spelling employed by many past commentators. But Hahn's edition substituted "Gologras" in the title, because that was the most frequently occurring in the text.
423:, and Gyromalance, respectively. Following this battle in which honours are even, Gologras sends out five knights, Agalus, Ewmond, Mychin, Meligor, and Hew. From the
612:
The paralleling portions occur in Section IV "Castle Orgueillous" in Roach's edition of the First Continuation. Arthur proposes and adventure, which is to rescue
1559:
Thorpe, Lewis, 1966. Geoffrey of Monmouth: The History of the Kings of Britain. Translated from Latin with an introduction. Penguin Books Limited. pp 235–258.
914:, p. 93 reads: "Sir Gaudifeir went and prepared for battle. He chose all his war gear, careful to be sure he lacked nothing. His horse was berry brown.."
473:
Gologras and Sir Gawain issue from the castle together, unarmed, and Gologras approaches King Arthur in submission, agreeing to have all his land held in
644:
wishes to die. Gawain leaves the spot perplexed but soon gains an inkling of the circumstances when he encounters a maiden who happen to be the knight's
1280:, ll.2-4 "The King turnit on ane tyde towart Tuskane,/Hym to seik ovr the sey, that saiklese wes sald,/The syre that sendis all seill, suthly to sane"
794:, tells a story that contains many elements and motifs that are ultimately derived from European folklore. Based upon a 12th-century Old French poem
669:
the life of the Riche Sodoier's fiancee is at stake, because, he says, if the girl he loves knows that he has been defeated, she will die of grief.
944:
edition "is inclined to capitalize Emell as a proper name, making the fifth champion of the Round Table, though Hahn does not favor this emendation
1401:
IV, p. 46. (On p.112, the lists, or roster of opponents: Cador vs. Agalus; Owales vs. Ewmond; Iwell vs. Mychin; Myreot vs. Meligor; Emell vs. Hew)
152:
Modern commentators do not identify an author, and date the composition to "not long before" this printing, i.e., the late 15th century. However,
1985:
1848:
2001:. Vol. III. Dequesne-Masquillier/Paris: A. Lacroix-Verboeckoven et Ci, Mons. pp. 239–249, 305–345 (vv.16331-624, 18209-19446).
267:). Neither "Holy Land" nor "Jerusalem" is mentioned explicitly, and the line "Seeking Him over the sea who was sackless but sold (by
90:, Sir Gawain succeeds in obtaining provisions merely by graciously asking, rather than by confiscating the supplies by brute force as
2065:
2046:
1304:
577:
79:
70:
1425:, "Introduction", "Gologras, who appears in no other Arthurian romance". There are similar names such as the title character in
511:
104:
1292:, "Introduction". "ane cieté ... With torris and turatis" (lines 41-42). The location is ostensibly France west of the Rhône.
402:) on their knees. At a glance there were 140 shields in row, with a sturdy helmet and lance upon each shield. Each knight's
2152:
410:
King Arthur chooses Gaudifeir to face off against Galiot. Gaudifeir rode a berry-brown or a bay horse, and the other a
199:
51:
2157:
2142:
316:
466:
There is great joy inside the castle, and the board (meal tables) are set. Gawain too is offered a seat next to the
1728:
689:
202:. It is bound together with other "tracts" of the period, 11 in all, comprising a single volume referred to as the
594:, which likewise depicts King Arthur's nephew Sir Gawain engaging in single combat.) The parallel episodes in the
697:
298:
the Holy Land, but only puts this into action after reaching Jerusalem, retracing his route back to the RhĂ´ne.
134:
640:
rule. (The borders were marked by four olive trees). Kay tries to insist he won, but is laughed by his peers.
590:
447:
of breath. Meanwhile, Sir Kay who is not assigned an opponent challenges a man on a brown steed and prevails.
1256:, p. 327 though Madden does not mention Laing, only that it was the scarce 1827 "fac-simile impression"
232:
158:
800:, it tells of a pair of unrelated young men who are so alike that nobody can tell them apart. They swear
791:
503:
74:
931:
as an underling of Amant, and he declared he would neve serve Arthur; Hahn sees pointed irony in this.
903:
2147:
2129:
in Modern English prose translation (abridged and paraphrased, not a full line by line translation)
902:
From the original text, it is not quite clear which knight mounted which colored horse, owing to a
517:
2112:
1840:
713:) before news reaches him of Mordred's treachery, prompting an inauspicious and premature return.
1945:
1932:
1899:
1891:
1858:
1811:
1778:
1744:
522:
47:
2126:
1732:
98:
The tale upholds the longstanding Arthurian tradition that Sir Gawain represents the paragon of
206:. The present work is the second tract, occupying pages 7–48. The volume was once owned by the
2071:
2061:
2042:
1996:
1981:
1844:
357:-lord. The emissaries return to Arthur, and they begin preparations for a siege. Cannonballs (
207:
187:
927:
identifies two knights with a similar name (Guiromelant). One of them appears in the Vulgate
1736:
846:
786:
747:
521:. The vocabulary is very similar to that in those poems, and like them heavy use is made of
1940:. Scottish Text Society. Vol. 65. London: William Blackwood and Sons. pp. 67–110.
2016:
1957:
1923:
1911:
1870:
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69:'s nephew as its main hero. The tale actually contains two episodes borrowed from the
2136:
1974:
1465:
1463:
801:
637:
146:
263:
Arthur and his band are on a pilgrimaging voyage back and forth from the Holy Land (
162:(whereas modern commentators do not venture farther than to remark on the identical
50:
of 1362 lines, known solely from a printed edition of 1508 in the possession of the
1884:
Scotish poems, reprinted from scarce editions. With three pieces before unpublished
820:
537:
495:
278:
40:
17:
57:
Though the story is set during Arthur and his band's journey of pilgrimage to the
2036:
1166:
1005:
Madden's summary says "horn", but the French text reads ".i. saint sonet" 18254;
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600:
424:
126:
87:
66:
838:
824:
645:
443:
439:
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138:
86:
In the first episode, which ostensibly occurs in France somewhere west of the
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1715:(Digitized images of the pages of blackletter edition, parallel with e-text)
628:
312:
264:
228:
130:
58:
43:
2080:
An abridged English translation of the continuations. Reprinted 1997, 2006.
1525:
Lucan li botellier, "butler". This word originally meant a "wine steward".
1091:
Kooper, Erik S. (1986). "Golagros and Gawane". In Lacy, Norris J. (ed.).
890:
573:
432:
420:
342:
291:
227:, volume III, (1792), but "negligently reprinted" according to Madden. A
99:
754:, however, the return blow is to be delivered in exactly a year's time.
605:
415:
Louis, Edmond, Bantellas, and Sanguel/Sangwell, who are matched against
320:
1609:. Schocken Books by agreement with Macmillan Press Limited. pp 162–163.
702:
633:
613:
474:
287:
183:
175:
91:
695:, based upon an episode in Geoffrey of Monmouth's mid-twelfth century
354:
311:
Approaching a certain city, Arthur's large band starts running out of
95:
conflict is decided by single-combat between Sir Gawain and Gologras.
1654:. Translated from Welsh with an introduction. Penguin Books Limited.
391:
390:
Inside the castle, Gologras's army too were preparing, wearing their
163:
62:
1115:, pp. 338–340, gives summary of the parallel episodes from the
889:
302 there is a knight by this name who can be equated with Malory's
804:
together, a pledge that is put to the test when Amis has to fight a
54:. No manuscript copy of this lively and exciting tale has survived.
198:
Of the 1508 printed book, only one copy is known, preserved at the
2008:
The continuations of the old French Perceval of Chrétien de Troyes
850:
842:
834:
706:
656:
452:
428:
346:
277:
121:
No manuscript copy survives, and the work is known solely through
2111:. Glasgow: James MacLehose and sons/London: Macmillan. pp.
467:
1484:, pp. 239–249, 305–345, vol. III (16331-624, 18209-19446).
2087:
The relation of Golagros and Gawane to the Old French Perceval
2010:. Vol. I. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
1593:
1534:
1513:
1481:
1454:
989:
976:
221:
1496:, pp. 338–340, gives summary of the two episodes in the
1469:
407:
Sir Spinogras explained it was a challenge to single combat.
387:), making huge noise. Trees were felled, and hurdles put up.
1230:
1126:
1124:
1174:
Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften
910:, note to line 550). However, the modern prose version in
757:
Sir Gawain, on his last night at Sir Bertilak's castle in
688:
In the late-14th century Middle English poem known as the
166:
structure). Madden also gave credence to the notion that
1638:. Kalamazoo, Michigan: Medieval Institute Publications.
1622:. Kalamazoo, Michigan: Medieval Institute Publications.
1372:
1357:
1345:
1334:
940:
The text reads "emell" (uncapitalized). Hahn notes that
498:, a dialect closely related to the northern variants of
141:
being printed in Scotland, by the aforementioned press (
2060:. Translated by Bryant, Nigel. Cambridge: D.S. Brewer.
2023:. Kalamazoo, Michigan: Medieval Institute Publications.
1806:. Kalamazoo, Michigan: Medieval Institute Publications.
1773:. Kalamazoo, Michigan: Medieval Institute Publications.
282:
A medieval castle on the river RhĂ´ne in southern France
156:
in his edition (1839) ascribed the work to the poet of
1693:(p. 7-48 of bound volume containing other works)
1700:"View the 'Chepman & Myllar Prints' page by page"
750:, and is possibly its direct source. In the story of
1839:. London: Printed by R. and J. E. Taylor. pp.
1636:
Amis and Amiloun, Robert of Cisyle, and Sir Amadace
1620:
Amis and Amiloun, Robert of Cisyle, and Sir Amadace
873:, this knight of Arthur's appears only in this work
286:The opening lines mention they are heading towards
1995:Chrétien de Troyes (1866). Potvin, Charles (ed.).
1973:
509:, a region that produced many other poems such as
2006:Chrétien de Troyes (1949). Roach, William (ed.).
729:In addition to the episodes described above, the
271:).." implies going to Jerusalem, the site of the
61:, most of the action takes place in France, with
2108:Huchown of the Awle Ryale' the alliterative poet
709:to the immediate south of the ancient region of
2097:Oxford Guide to Arthurian Literature and Legend
2090:. Vol. 4. Catholic university of America.
1890:. Vol. 3. London: Text Society. pp.
841:, tells of a hunting expedition undertaken by
536:is written in stanzas of thirteen lines each,
1011:saint1", Godefroy's dict. VII p. 365, "sein2"
655:The jousting resumes, and the fourth entrant
137:(1508). This year was the advent of the very
8:
1108:
1106:
1104:
1102:
1362:Garitour1 OF. garete - Armour for the knee.
1199:
1197:
1195:
382:
376:
370:
364:
358:
1594:Chretien de Troyes & Bryant (tr.) 1982
1535:Chrétien de Troyes & Potvin (ed.) 1866
1514:Chrétien de Troyes & Potvin (ed.) 1866
1482:Chrétien de Troyes & Potvin (ed.) 1866
1455:Chretien de Troyes & Bryant (tr.) 1982
1160:
1158:
992:, 16374). Meliolant in the prose version (
990:Chrétien de Troyes & Potvin (ed.) 1866
977:Chretien de Troyes & Bryant (tr.) 1982
1470:Chrétien de Troyes & Roach (ed.) 1949
1450:
1448:
1446:
1241:
1214:
1212:
369:) were loaded into gaping brass cannons (
2127:The Knightly Tale of Gologras and Gawain
2017:"The Jeaste of Sir Gawain: Introduction"
1998:Perceval le gallois ou le conte du Graal
1934:The Knightly Tale of Golagros and Gawane
1804:The Knightly Tale of Gologras and Gawain
1767:The Knightly Tale of Gologras and Gawain
1724:The Knightly Tale of Golagros and Gawane
1063:
1061:
1059:
893:, but he cannot possibly be Galiot here.
767:The Knightly Tale of Gologras and Gawain
763:The Knightly Tale of Gologras and Gawain
717:The Knightly tale of Gologras and Gawain
570:The Knightly Tale of Gologras and Gawain
549:The Knightly Tale of Gologras and Gawain
534:The Knightly Tale of Gologras and Gawain
123:The Knightly Tale of Golagrus and Gawane
32:The Knightly Tale of Gologras and Gawain
1931:Stevenson, George Shields, ed. (1918).
1549:Introduction to the Middle English text
1398:
1377:. Con(n)ysance n. A heraldic cognizance
1218:
1057:
1055:
1053:
1051:
1049:
1047:
1045:
1043:
1041:
1039:
1035:
862:
1953:
1943:
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1856:
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1786:
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1752:
1742:
1493:
1330:
1328:
1253:
1203:
1186:
1130:
1112:
993:
941:
849:. He sets his hounds against those of
2021:Sir Gawain: Eleven Romances and Tales
1721:Amours, François Joseph, ed. (1897).
1698:National Library of Scotland (2006).
1437:
1422:
1289:
1086:
1084:
1082:
1080:
1078:
1076:
1067:
1009:="cloche". Cf. Van Daele dict. p.431
924:
870:
7:
1581:
1410:
1386:
1319:
1277:
1265:
1149:
911:
907:
882:
543:. Like another Middle English poem,
784:A 14th-century Middle English poem
375:), and there were sharpened darts (
178:", acting on the hint in a line of
1689:"Golagrus and Gawain" (1508), in:
25:
1231:National Library of Scotland 2006
2058:Perceval, the story of the Grail
1976:The Knightly tales of Sir Gawain
1374:Dictionary of the Scots Language
1359:Dictionary of the Scots Language
1346:Dictionary of the Scots Language
1335:Dictionary of the Scots Language
80:Perceval, the Story of the Grail
1268:, footnotes to line3 and to 310
771:Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
759:Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
752:Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
744:Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
724:Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
545:Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
512:Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
349:). But Gologras refuses to pay
105:Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
2035:Bruce, Christopher W. (1999).
1833:Madden, Frederic, ed. (1839).
1413:, notes to lines 1119 and 572.
1093:The New Arthurian Encyclopedia
598:has been summarized by Madden
1:
2101:Reprinted in paperback, 2007.
2038:The Arthurian Name Dictionary
1634:Foster, Edward E (Ed). 1997.
1618:Foster, Edward E (Ed). 1997.
1504:of 1530, to be more precise.)
1167:"The Poems of William Dunbar"
323:bread aplenty. (ll. 119-221)
667:First Perceval Continuation,
584:, though the character name
576:of materials taken from the
275:, tomb of Christ. (ll. 1-4)
259:(lines 1~26; 302, 310, etc.)
254:Geographical identifications
200:National Library of Scotland
52:National Library of Scotland
2084:Ketrick, Paul John (1931).
2056:Chretien de Troyes (1982).
2015:Hahn, Thomas, ed. (1995b).
1972:Hall, Louis Brewer (1976).
1798:Hahn, Thomas, ed. (1995a).
1498:First Perceval Continuation
1117:First Perceval Continuation
596:First Perceval Continuation
562:First Perceval Continuation
174:too) were the work of one "
2174:
2099:. Oxford University Press.
1764:Hahn, Thomas, ed. (1995).
1729:William Blackwood and Sons
1165:Schipper, J., ed. (1892).
906:occurring after line 550 (
186:, mentioned in passing in
1691:Chepman and Myllar Prints
1640:TEAMS Middle English text
1607:English Gothic Literature
1302:Chepman & Myllar p.16
698:Historia Regum Britanniae
231:edition was published by
210:, with shelfmark H.30.a.
204:Chepman and Myllar prints
2105:Neilson, George (1902).
2041:. Taylor & Francis.
591:The Jeaste of Sir Gawain
502:. It was written in the
135:Chepman and Myllar Press
1537:, (18608-18610; 18670).
1095:. Garland. p. 248.
885:, note to line 557. In
733:of Chrétien de Troyes'
553:The Awntyrs off Arthure
427:appeared four knights,
383:
377:
371:
365:
359:
213:The text resurfaced in
159:The Awntyrs off Arthure
129:printed book issued in
1771:(frame online version)
1667:Gantz, Jeffrey, 1976.
1650:Gantz, Jeffrey, 1976.
790:, found in the famous
372:gapand gunnys of brase
302:The city of provisions
283:
2095:Lupack, Alan (2005).
1966:(modern translations)
1472:, pp. liv–lviii.
961:) but Hahn construes
957:=Colour; complexion (
829:Four Branches of the
792:Auchinleck Manuscript
281:
117:Dating and authorship
35:(also commonly spelt
2153:Arthurian literature
1843:–183, Notes p.336-.
1704:First Scottish Books
1605:Brewer Derek. 1983.
1348:Greis n. pl. Greaves
959:Dict. Scots Language
953:"ble quhite" (895).
887:Lancelot of the Laik
837:, not-world, or the
662:Gologras and Gawain,
1836:Golagros and Gawane
1669:Pwyll Lord of Dyved
1571:Middle English text
1516:, pp. 239–249.
1427:Arthur and Gorlagon
1133:, pp. 304–305.
965:here as "forehead".
518:Awntyrs off Arthure
394:on their shins and
243:Golagros and Gawane
46:romance written in
37:Golagros and Gawane
18:Golagros and Gawane
2158:Middle Scots poems
2143:15th-century poems
2029:(other references)
1918:Unknown parameter
1307:2007-10-21 at the
923:As for Gyromance,
748:MS Cotton Nero A.x
731:First Continuation
604:, though with the
327:Castle of Gologras
284:
170:(and by extension
75:Chrétien de Troyes
71:First Continuation
48:alliterative verse
1987:978-0-88229-350-9
1850:978-0-404-52772-3
1244:, pp. 65–123
1070:, "Introduction".
857:Explanatory notes
802:blood brotherhood
673:Further parallels
482:Literary analysis
219:Scotish [
208:Advocates Library
188:Andrew of Wyntoun
27:Arthurian romance
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572:is considered a
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317:drawn by a horse
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176:Clerk of Tranent
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1707:. Retrieved
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1709:27 December
1671:. pp 46–48.
1500:(the prose
1494:Madden 1839
1254:Madden 1839
1204:Madden 1839
1187:Madden 1839
1176:: II:14–17.
1131:Lupack 2005
1113:Madden 1839
994:Madden 1839
942:Amours 1897
568:As stated,
425:Round Table
237:Syr Gawaine
233:David Laing
225:] poems
139:first books
127:blackletter
88:Rhone River
67:King Arthur
2148:1508 books
2137:Categories
1888:(IArchive)
1684:(editions)
1679:References
1438:Hahn 1995b
1423:Hahn 1995a
1290:Hahn 1995a
1068:Hahn 1995a
988:Meyolant (
925:Bruce 1999
871:Bruce 1999
839:Otherworld
825:Mabinogion
814:Mabinogion
601:in extenso
444:Sir Gawain
417:Sir Lionel
396:garatouris
63:Sir Gawain
2076:875501386
1956:ignored (
1946:cite book
1922:ignored (
1910:ignored (
1900:cite book
1869:ignored (
1859:cite book
1822:ignored (
1812:cite book
1789:ignored (
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1755:ignored (
1745:cite book
1582:Hahn 1995
1411:Hahn 1995
1387:Hall 1976
1320:Hahn 1995
1278:Hahn 1995
1266:Hahn 1995
1150:Hahn 1995
912:Hall 1976
908:Hahn 1995
883:Hahn 1995
746:found in
646:betrothed
629:Sir Lucan
564:parallels
419:, Ywain,
412:blanchard
265:Jerusalem
229:facsimile
190:'s poem.
131:Edinburgh
59:Holy Land
44:Arthurian
1502:Perceval
1305:Archived
1170:(Google)
891:Galehaut
845:Lord of
831:Mabinogi
735:Perceval
618:Gologras
586:Gologras
580:Perceval
574:pastiche
492:Gologras
461:myle way
433:Cornwall
421:Bedivere
400:garitour
381:, sing.
363:, sing.
360:pellokis
343:Lancelot
341:Gawain,
313:victuals
172:Gologras
168:Awyntyrs
164:stanzaic
100:chivalry
1658:, p 10.
1022:Sodoier
835:Annwvyn
703:Tuscany
634:Griflet
614:Gifflet
538:rhyming
487:Dialect
475:fiefdom
398:(sing.
392:greaves
378:ganyeis
321:wastell
288:Tuscany
184:Huchown
133:by the
92:Sir Kay
39:) is a
2074:
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1984:
1847:
904:lacuna
606:caveat
578:First
440:belfry
366:pellok
351:homage
1894:–123.
1030:Notes
1007:saint
851:Arawn
847:Dyved
843:Pwyll
707:Italy
657:Iwain
453:beryl
429:Cador
384:ganye
355:liege
347:Ywain
292:RhĂ´ne
269:Judas
112:Texts
2072:OCLC
2062:ISBN
2043:ISBN
1982:ISBN
1958:help
1924:help
1912:help
1871:help
1845:ISBN
1824:help
1791:help
1757:help
1711:2012
769:and
650:amie
560:The
515:and
468:dais
249:Plot
145:and
125:, a
2115:–7.
2113:131
1841:129
1152:, .
963:ble
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740:his
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431:of
222:sic
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