261:
139:
1481:(believed to represent the four offering goddesses of the outer circle). The shared characteristics between the Nganjuk figurines and the Agusan golden image were already suggested back then in 1920 by the Dutch scholar F. D. K. Bosch; however, it was ignored at that time because no illustrations of the bronze figurines were presented. Recent scholarship is now re-evaluating the relationship between the Agusan golden image and the Nganjuk bronze deities as they are believed to have been made around the same time (10th–11th centuries). Identification of the gold figurine with the offering goddess Vajralāsyā also implies that it is but a singular part of a larger set of offering deities associated with the
1370:
should therefore be a Hindu of the Saiva persuasion; (3) that the existence of other
Sivaite images discovered among the Mandayas (south of where the Agusan image was discovered) and in Cebu should support his conclusions regarding the female Sivaite goddess identity of the golden statuette. Regarding the last assumption, Francisco pointed out that the identity of the other supposedly "Sivaite" images mentioned by Beyer (all of which were destroyed by the fire that consumed the
1179:
1571:
difficulty leading to the inability of the
Philippine government to purchase the artifact when it was auctioned. Scholars have argued that if the reason the Field Museum took the artifact was due to fear of it may have been melted down, then the museum should return it, or at least allow the Philippines to purchase back the artifact since the scenario that involves the image being melted down for its gold is now unlikely.
33:
1410:
260:
1558:'s Southeast Asian department, together with Shaler Matthews, a professor at the University of Chicago, for the fundraising campaign. Their efforts paid off when the image was finally acquired for the museum in 1922 for ₱4,000.00. The image was then shipped to the United States in 1922 and was finally housed at the
1464:, surrounded by an inner circle of deities. The four cosmic Buddhas occupy the four cardinal points of the inner circle, each of which is surrounded by four attendants, while the four offering goddesses sit at the inner circle's four corners. The four inner goddesses associated with offerings made to the Buddha
1507:
One of the factors that makes the identification of the image by scholars difficult is the fact that it has no specific iconographic attributes. The goldsmiths in the
Philippines knew of Hindu and Buddhist artistic conventions, but did not include motifs which would identify them as specific deities.
2290:
One of the most spectacular antiquities ever found in the
Philippines is a gold statue found in Agusan in 1917. It closely resembles Indic deities, but has no specific iconographic attributes. Several objects in the Locsin Collection show that goldsmiths in the Philippines knew of Hindu and Buddhist
1472:
The
Tibetan scholar Rob Linrothe was one of the first to recognize the Agusan image as Vajralāsyā, who is always shown with her hands on her hips. Florina Capistrano-Baker agrees with this conclusion, noting the similarities in style between the Agusan golden image and the other statuettes belonging
1468:
are Vajralāsyā ("amorous dance", sitting at the southeast corner), Vajramālā ("garland", sitting at the southwest), Vajragītā ("song", sitting at the northwest), and Vajramṛtyā ("dance", sitting at the northeast). In the outer circle are sixteen further deities, four arranged along each of the four
1369:
on the other hand found the conclusion of Beyer regarding the identity of the golden image as questionable. Specifically, he questioned Beyer's assumptions that: (1) "Butuan" means "phallus (the origin of the name "Butuan" is still under discussion); (2) that the king of Butuan, being not a Muslim,
2422:
Fearing that the image might be melted down for its value in gold, Mrs. Wood raised funds to purchase it for the Field Museum of
Natural History in Chicago. She enlisted the help of Cole, then Southeast Asian curator at the Chicago museum, and Shaler Matthews, a professor in the Divinity School at
1570:
The artifact has been a source of conflict between
Filipinos and Americans for many years, and many Filipino scholars have demanded its return. It is seen as a national treasure of the country, unreported during the time of its discovery, and sold to Americans during a period of national financial
1444:
are elaborate diagrams that represent the cosmos in a metaphorical or symbolic manner. Mandalas can be represented as two-dimensional (either temporarily drawn on flat surfaces, painted on cloth, or etched on metal plates), as three-dimensional sculptural tableaux, or as large architectural
2008:
The problem here is that the images referred to were destroyed in the fire that consumed the Ateneo de Manila Museum in the early 1930s. Their identity is at best questionable, since John
Carroll, who examined a photograph of the Cebu image, believes that it is "an Avalokitesvara, not a
1553:
served as
American governor-general in the Philippines. Fearing that the image might be melted down for its value in gold, Mrs. Wood conducted a fundraising campaign to collect funds for the purchase of the gold artifact. She enlisted the help of Fay-Cooper Cole, the curator of
1469:
cardinal directions, while at the interstitial corners are four more "outer" offering goddesses. The outer circle is surrounded by 1000 more buddhas and 24 deities who guard the boundaries, while four guardian deities protect the four portals at the four cardinal directions.
1249:, dating to the 9th–10th centuries. The figure, approximately 178 mm (7.0 in) in height, is of a female Hindu or Buddhist deity, seated cross-legged and wearing a richly-adorned headdress and other ornaments on various parts of the body. It is now on display in the
1887:
This image was previously thought to be a distorted Tārā, but was recently correctly identified as a Vajralāsyā ('Bodhisattva of amorous dance'), one of the four deities associated with providing offerings to the Buddha
Vairocana and located in the southeast corner of a
1548:
in Manila. However, the government failed to purchase the artifact due to lack of funds. Ownership next passed to the Agusan Coconut Company to whom Blas Baklagon owed a debt. News of its existence eventually reached important people such as Louise Wood, whose husband
1574:
Also mentioned is how the artifact was bought by an American museum during a time when the Philippines was in financial duress and under the colonial government of America. One of the major advocates for the return of the Agusan image is former Senator
1579:, who made his last privilege speech specifically for the purpose of advocating for its repatriation to the Philippines. The Field Museum has stated that it may return the golden image if it is "strongly requested" by the Philippine government.
1540:, who called it "the most spectacular single find yet made in Philippine archeology". Beyer, who was then the chair of the Department of Anthropology at the University of the Philippines and thus also serving as an honorary curator at the
1590:
supporting the repatriation of the figurine. Scholars also found a document proving the Philippines' right to claim the artifact. The scholars, in partnership with the government, were tasked to pursue the Philippine claim on the image.
1336:
image of the early Majapahit period — except that the local artist overlooked the distinguishing attributes held in the hand. It probably had some connection with the Javanese miners who are known to have been mining gold in the
1536:(doll) and later placed it on an altar for worship until it was stolen from their traditional Manobo house. It then ended up in the hands of Blas Baklagon. In 1918, Baklagon brought the artifact to the attention of Dr.
2033:
1005:
1386:
It seems likely that the image is a goddess of the Buddhist pantheon, in the Mahayana group. It's related to the concept of a female Boddhisattva, and at the same time the counterpart of the Hindu goddess
2558:
2396:
He implored the American colonial government to purchase the image for the museum. But his lobbying efforts were unsuccessful, as the government claimed it had no available funds to purchase it.
817:
2048:
There is the now famous Agusan image, which was originally identified as Saiva in orientation by Beyer, but which I identified as a Buddhist Tara on the basis of a re-study of the image.
2291:
artistic conventions, but did not include motifs which would identify them as specific deities. Philippine goldsmiths may have done this intentionally to maintain their ethnic identity.
1562:
in Chicago, where it is still stored up to this day. Since the 21st century, the site in Agusan where the image was found has become a pilgrimage site for Buddhists and animists alike.
2612:
1260:
Since its discovery, the identity of the goddess represented by the gold statuette has been the subject of debate. Proposed identities of the gold figurine range from that of a Hindu
847:
3452:
918:
1207:
138:
2022:
1069:
1532:(Gold of Baklagon). However, according to Constancia Guiral, the granddaughter of the discoverer of the gold image, her grandmother named Belay Campos kept the item as a
2551:
1104:
3096:
2992:
2963:
1164:
1972:
H. Otley Beyer, "Outline Review of Philippine Archaeology by Islands and Provinces," Philippine Journal of Science, Vol.77, Nos.34 (July–August 1947), pp. 205-374
1600:
995:
987:
2584:
2544:
954:
827:
776:
3027:
2943:
2216:
The recovery of a single offering goddess that is most likely part of a larger set brings up a number of intriguing questions. Where are the other figures?
1901:
1304:, but with the religiously important hand signals improperly copied by local workmen. Thus it suggests that Hinduism was already in the Philippines before
1084:
1079:
1030:
349:
2278:
969:
964:
946:
908:
900:
794:
588:
354:
392:
1453:. Three-dimensional mandalas are thought to have been used for sacred rituals involving the offering of water, flowers, incense, lamps, unguents, etc.
2852:
1875:
1159:
659:
3447:
1200:
2808:
2327:
It was found in 1917 by a Manobo woman along the banks of Wawa River, not far from its confluence with Agusan River, in Esperanza, Agusan del Sur.
1432:
Another proposed identity of the Agusan image is the offering goddess Vajralāsyā, one of the four female deities located in the inner circle of a
2353:
It was found by a woman who had entered the ravine, after the storm; and from her hands it passed into those of Bias Baklagon, a local official.
1767:
3224:
1139:
852:
734:
302:
1316:
Empire. Natives back then were not converted into Hinduism, rather, they absorbed traditions in Hinduism while retaining their own indigenous
2958:
2840:
2312:
2198:
1952:
1094:
887:
3081:
3002:
2754:
2725:
1842:
From the time the Agusan image first came to light, the identity of the female portrayed has been the subject of conjecture and contention.
1792:
1697:
1279:
1154:
1099:
1064:
1045:
639:
374:
218:
1374:
Museum in the early 1930s) is also questionable, since John Carroll, who examined a photograph of the Cebu image, believed that it is an "
1460:
Mandala is one of the well-known and well-documented of the early Buddhist mandalas. Located at the center of such mandala is the Buddha
2483:
2408:
Capistrano-Baker, Florina H; Guy, John; Miksic, John N (2011). "The Aqusan lmaqe in the Field Museum of Natural History (Jamie Kelly)".
2382:
Capistrano-Baker, Florina H; Guy, John; Miksic, John N (2011). "The Aqusan lmaqe in the Field Museum of Natural History (Jamie Kelly)".
1193:
1144:
1119:
1074:
872:
240:
1328:
A study of this image was made by F. D. K. Bosch, of Batavia, in 1920, who came to the conclusion that it was made by local workmen in
1541:
2272:
2237:
2156:
2104:
1926:
1827:
1129:
312:
116:
3091:
1109:
654:
2830:
2798:
2479:
1763:
1559:
1250:
842:
208:
2171:
Tibetan scholar Rob Linrothe identifies the Agusan image as one of the four "inner" offering goddesses in a three-dimensional
2599:
1914:
Scholars think that the statue may represent an offering goddess from a three-dimensional Vajradhatu (Diamond World) mandala.
1751:
It was found in 1917 on the left bank of the Wawa River near Esperanza, Agusan, eastern Mindanao, following a storm and flood
1620:
1089:
510:
379:
364:
270:
54:
2204:
1345:
area in the middle or late 14th century. The image is apparently that of a Sivaite goddess, and fits in well with the name "
97:
3411:
669:
287:
279:
50:
2519:
2445:
69:
2901:
2896:
1134:
1124:
1114:
674:
520:
754:
3462:
3264:
2886:
2788:
2765:
2637:
1610:
1605:
1000:
488:
428:
1493:
and the Nganjuk offering goddesses has been overlooked, it is clear that the Agusan image belongs to the same genre.
76:
3217:
2968:
2835:
2803:
2772:
2760:
1632:
1627:
867:
599:
468:
413:
249:
1378:, not a Siva". Francisco, on the basis of the re-study of the gold statue, believed that it represents a Buddhist
664:
43:
3191:
2947:
1544:, attempted to convince the American colonial government in the Philippines to purchase the Agusan image for the
1521:
1278:
Although the statue was likely first made as either a Buddhist or Hindu deity, it has also been worshipped as an
1234:
749:
418:
186:
1909:
837:
719:
2686:
2671:
714:
550:
478:
2262:
1528:(doll) until it was acquired by the then Agusan Deputy Governor Blas Baklagon, after which it gained the name
83:
2147:
Capistrano-Baker, Florina H; Guy, John; Miksic, John N (2011). "Chapter 4 - Butuan in Early Southeast Asia".
2997:
2931:
2693:
2579:
974:
913:
832:
739:
619:
463:
317:
1855:
1233:) is a 2 kg (4.4 lb), 21-karat gold statuette, found in 1917 on the banks of the Wawa River near
3166:
1010:
724:
65:
3457:
3210:
3108:
3017:
1583:
1576:
928:
812:
704:
609:
3416:
322:
3376:
3391:
3241:
2793:
2627:
1775:
1555:
933:
923:
882:
862:
729:
327:
3284:
2676:
1025:
771:
679:
634:
624:
570:
483:
1944:
2857:
2642:
2608:
2077:
2023:"Reflexions on the migration theory vis-à-vis the coming of Indian influences in the Philippines"
1999:
1742:
1676:
1342:
1305:
1183:
807:
709:
699:
684:
332:
307:
1800:
1705:
2536:
1473:
to a three-dimensional Diamond Realm Mandala set such as the four bronze deities discovered in
1271:. Recent scholarship suggests that the image represents the offering goddess Vajralāsyā of the
3302:
3249:
3186:
3136:
3116:
2681:
2647:
2632:
2413:
2387:
2344:
2318:
2308:
2268:
2243:
2233:
2194:
2162:
2152:
2110:
2100:
2069:
1991:
1867:
1833:
1823:
1734:
1668:
1366:
1338:
515:
493:
2471:
3355:
3294:
3279:
3171:
3055:
2906:
2891:
2847:
1441:
1371:
857:
802:
744:
689:
644:
614:
575:
3269:
3396:
3335:
3161:
3141:
3131:
3109:
Dr. Leticia Ramos-Shahani - sister of former President Fidel Ramos is married to an Indian
3076:
3032:
3006:
2911:
1637:
1545:
1508:
Philippine goldsmiths may have done this intentionally to maintain their ethnic identity.
1392:
1379:
1333:
1321:
1268:
1230:
1035:
525:
458:
292:
90:
3330:
3401:
3386:
3371:
3181:
2936:
2666:
1815:
1587:
1537:
1375:
1358:
1294:
1283:
1238:
1020:
822:
649:
545:
190:
3441:
3325:
3156:
3146:
3101:
3086:
2718:
2661:
2651:
1482:
1457:
1437:
1414:
1149:
959:
369:
3033:
Biag ni Lam-ang Ilocano epic based on the Indian Hindu epics Ramayana and Mahabharta
1485:
mandala, the whereabouts of which remains unknown and are most likely lost in time.
3381:
3151:
3037:
1550:
560:
359:
1282:
deity and even provided an altar until it was stolen from its place of worship in
2188:
3350:
3345:
3233:
3176:
2951:
2594:
2589:
1615:
1308:
arrived, but also suggests that the early Filipinos had an imperfect version of
1246:
781:
766:
198:
32:
3426:
3126:
2713:
2655:
2509:
2435:
2417:
2391:
1229:
in allusion to its supposed, but disputed, identity as an image of a Buddhist
1040:
877:
555:
3023:
Alim and Hudhud of Ifugao based on Indian Hindu epics Ramayana and Mahabharta
2247:
2166:
2114:
2073:
1995:
1871:
1837:
1738:
1672:
3421:
3406:
3340:
3317:
3259:
3121:
2622:
2617:
2348:
2322:
1465:
1461:
1446:
1313:
1272:
694:
629:
297:
17:
2912:
Sampaguita Filipino national flower is named from Indian sanskrit Champaka
3274:
3047:
3012:
2881:
2873:
2746:
1396:
1329:
1320:. This golden Agusan image seems to be modelled after — or copied — the
1309:
1298:
1261:
1242:
1015:
530:
505:
473:
453:
408:
344:
226:
222:
194:
2366:
2081:
2003:
1856:"Epigraphical evidence for the cult of Mahāpratisarā in the Philippines"
1746:
1680:
3307:
3253:
3042:
2514:
2440:
1474:
1433:
1421:
1417:
1409:
1350:
1254:
604:
565:
423:
3022:
2777:
2730:
1945:"[Bronze statues from Nganjuk] OD-3577 | Digital Collections"
1517:
1428:. These figurines share stylistic similarities with the Agusan image.
1388:
1346:
448:
443:
433:
3038:
Ibalong epic of Bicol based on Indian epics Ramayana and Mahabharta
2060:
Francisco, Juan R. (1963). "A Note on the Golden Image of Agusan".
1982:
Francisco, Juan R. (1963). "A Note on the Golden Image of Agusan".
1725:
Francisco, Juan R. (1963). "A Note on the Golden Image of Agusan".
1659:
Francisco, Juan R. (1963). "A Note on the Golden Image of Agusan".
2944:
Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, Haryana, India
2783:
2510:"Philippines Treasure Part II (GMA 7) feat. Golden Tara - YouTube"
1408:
1317:
535:
2436:"Tibetan Buddhists spot 'Holy Place' in Agusan del Sur - YouTube"
2341:
Outline review of Philippine archaeology by islands and provinces
2307:. Butuan City Historical & Cultural Foundation. p. 21.
1478:
1450:
1425:
1404:
Juan R. Francisco, "A Note on the Golden Image of Agusan" (1963)
1395:(or wife of a Buddhist god), which is a peculiar development of
1301:
1264:
438:
3206:
3202:
2540:
2228:
Capistrano-Baker, Florina H; Guy, John; Miksic, John N (2011).
2095:
Capistrano-Baker, Florina H; Guy, John; Miksic, John N (2011).
1498:
Florina H. Capistrano-Baker, "Butuan in Early Southeast Asia",
3043:
Darangen epic of Maranao people based on Indian epics Ramayana
26:
3028:
Hudhud - the Ifugao epic based on the Indian epic Mahabharta
1860:
Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies
1793:"109928 Agusan gold figure | Philippines | The Field Museum"
1698:"109928 Agusan gold figure | Philippines | The Field Museum"
259:
1586:
featured the Agusan image, this time showing the people of
3018:
Filipino martial arts inspired by the Indian martial arts
1440:(Vajradhātu). Mandalas like the Diamond Realm Mandala of
3013:
Kudyapi guitar influenced by the Indian classical music
2613:
Indian cultural influences in early Philippine polities
2135:
on the north, making a gesture indicating fearlessness.
1818:(2011). "Chapter 4 - Butuan in Early Southeast Asia".
1685:
The question of its identification is still undecided.
1489:
Although study of the relationship between the Agusan
229:(disputed in regards to Hindu & Buddhist identity)
3364:
3316:
3293:
3240:
3068:
2981:
2920:
2872:
2819:
2745:
2702:
2572:
2127:on the south, who displays the gesture of charity;
214:
204:
180:
172:
164:
156:
148:
131:
57:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2371:(Television production) (in Tagalog). Philippines.
2892:Influence of Indian languages on Tagalog language
2567:India-related topics in Philippines articles
1780:Statue is about 178 mm in height (FMNH A109928).
1225:(commonly referred to in the Philippines as the
2964:Business process outsourcing in the Philippines
2907:Sanskrit language loanwords in Cebuano language
2897:Sanskrit language loanwords in Tagalog language
1487:
1384:
1326:
3127:Parul Shah (Binibining Pilipinas Tourism 2014)
2887:Indian loanwords in various Filipino languages
1927:"Manobo woman's kin want Golden Tara returned"
1601:Indian influences in early Philippine polities
3453:Archaeological discoveries in the Philippines
3218:
3117:Janina San Miguel (Binibining Pilipinas 2008)
2585:History of Indian influence on Southeast Asia
2552:
1520:woman along the banks of the Wawa River near
1201:
8:
2993:Pre-Spanish Indian traditions of Philippines
2902:Tamil language loanwords in Tagalog language
2412:. Ayala Foundation; NUS Press. p. 262.
2386:. Ayala Foundation; NUS Press. p. 262.
2261:Miksic, John Norman; Yian, Goh Geok (2016).
2232:. Ayala Foundation; NUS Press. p. 254.
2151:. Ayala Foundation; NUS Press. p. 253.
2123:on the east, who gestures toward the earth;
2119:The four buddhas who surround Vairocana are
2099:. Ayala Foundation; NUS Press. p. 253.
1822:. Ayala Foundation; NUS Press. p. 251.
1297:believed that the image was that of a Hindu
2757:had Indianized Hindu and Buddhist influence
3225:
3211:
3203:
3192:Dr. Josephine Acosta Pasricha (Indologist)
2985:
2924:
2823:
2706:
2559:
2545:
2537:
1208:
1194:
234:
137:
128:
3003:National Assembly of the Philippines Hall
2853:Visa requirements for Philippine citizens
1516:In 1917, the Agusan image was found by a
1324:bronze images of early Majapahit period.
660:Igorot resistance to Spanish colonization
117:Learn how and when to remove this message
3113:Dang Cecilio (Binibining Pilipinas 1979)
3097:Foreign citizens residing in Philippines
2466:
2464:
2462:
2365:Mel Tiangco (host) (11 September 2011).
1949:digitalcollections.universiteitleiden.nl
1814:Capistrano-Baker, Florina H; Guy, John;
1772:collections-anthropology.fieldmuseum.org
2998:Filipino pre-colonial styles and titles
2809:Nanak Darbar Indian Sikh Temple, Iloilo
2504:
2502:
2500:
1651:
399:Historically documented states/polities
269:
248:
237:
3122:Venus Raj (Binibining Pilipinas 2010)
2959:Business process outsourcing to India
2841:Visa requirements for Indian citizens
2731:Cainta historic settlement of Indians
7:
3050:(fingernail dance of Sulu and Sabah)
2939:from Haryana imported to Philippine
2755:Religion in pre-colonial Philippines
2726:Indian settlement in the Philippines
219:Indigenous Philippine folk religions
55:adding citations to reliable sources
2343:. Bureau of Printing. p. 301.
2187:Guy, John; Miksic, John N. (2011).
3187:Dr. Juan R. Francisco (Indologist)
2882:Indianized ancient Filipino script
1582:In April 2018, a documentary from
1546:National Museum of the Philippines
1542:National Museum of the Philippines
25:
2193:. Ayala Foundation. p. 254.
1713:Agusan gold image of Hindu deity
600:Voyage of Miguel López de Legazpi
313:Lal-lo and Gattaran Shell Middens
3092:Ethnic groups in the Philippines
2131:on the west, in meditation; and
1177:
31:
3448:1917 archaeological discoveries
2799:Deities of Philippine mythology
2590:Tabon Caves Garuda Gold Pendant
2522:from the original on 2020-11-22
2486:from the original on 2017-10-01
2480:Field Museum of Natural History
2448:from the original on 2020-08-12
2281:from the original on 2020-11-22
2207:from the original on 2020-11-22
2039:from the original on 2018-02-19
1955:from the original on 2020-08-03
1878:from the original on 2019-05-30
1764:Field Museum of Natural History
1616:Tabon Caves Garuda Gold Pendant
1560:Field Museum of Natural History
1251:Field Museum of Natural History
209:Field Museum of Natural History
42:needs additional citations for
3132:Ramon Bagatsing (Manila mayor)
3087:Indian surnames in Philippines
3082:List of Filipino-Indian people
2600:Laguna Copperplate Inscription
2476:Philippine Heritage Collection
1621:Laguna Copperplate Inscription
1006:2000 campaign against the MILF
511:Laguna Copperplate Inscription
365:Maitum anthropomorphic pottery
1:
1524:. She kept the artifact as a
670:Battles of La Naval de Manila
2175:, or Diamond World, mandala.
521:Limestone tombs of Kamhantik
3182:José W. Diokno (politician)
3009:behind the president's seat
2831:India–Philippines relations
2789:Hinduism in the Philippines
2766:Buddhism in the Philippines
2638:Maynila (historical entity)
2021:Francisco, Juan R. (1971).
1797:philippines.fieldmuseum.org
1702:philippines.fieldmuseum.org
1611:Hinduism in the Philippines
1606:Buddhism in the Philippines
1413:Four bronze deities from a
1286:in the early 20th century.
1011:2nd People Power Revolution
1001:1997 Asian financial crisis
735:Declaration of Independence
3479:
3172:Sharmaine Arnaiz (actress)
3162:Melanie Marquez (director)
2836:Tourism in the Philippines
2804:Philippine folk literature
2773:Hinduism in Southeast Asia
2761:Buddhism in Southeast Asia
2423:the University of Chicago.
2305:Butuan of a thousand years
2267:. Routledge. p. 415.
1633:Butuan (historical polity)
1628:History of the Philippines
740:American capture of Manila
3142:Cassandra Ponti (actress)
3137:Raymond Bagatsing (actor)
3048:Pangalay or Daling Daling
2988:
2948:Philippine Carabao Center
2927:
2826:
2709:
2410:Philippine ancestral gold
2384:Philippine ancestral gold
2303:Hontiveros, Greg (2004).
2230:Philippine ancestral gold
2190:Philippine Ancestral Gold
2149:Philippine ancestral gold
2097:Philippine ancestral gold
1906:Google Arts & Culture
1854:Orlina, Roderick (2012).
1820:Philippine ancestral gold
1522:Esperanza, Agusan del Sur
1500:Philippine Ancestral Gold
620:Spanish capture of Manila
160:178 mm (7.0 in)
136:
3007:ancient Hindu saint Manu
2687:Tondo (Historical State)
2672:Sultanate of Maguindanao
2472:"Agusan Gold Vajralasya"
2339:Beyer, H. Otley (1949).
1902:"Agusan Gold Vajralasya"
1080:Administrative divisions
795:American colonial period
715:Republic of Biak-na-Bato
551:Butuan Silver Paleograph
536:Batanes Ijang fortresses
479:Sultanate of Maguindanao
350:Cordillera Rice Terraces
3157:Gardo Versoza (actress)
3147:Chanda Romero (actress)
2932:Maritime Southeast Asia
2694:Battle of Manila (1762)
2580:Maritime Southeast Asia
1445:constructions like the
975:People Power Revolution
755:Philippine–American War
589:Spanish colonial period
168:2 kg (4.4 lb)
152:gold, copper and silver
3152:Dawn Zulueta (actress)
2264:Ancient Southeast Asia
1505:
1429:
1407:
1364:
1184:Philippines portal
1160:Science and technology
777:UST Baybayin Documents
725:Treaty of Paris (1898)
303:Austronesian expansion
288:Early hominin activity
264:
143:The Agusan image, 2016
3177:Zia Marquez (actress)
1577:Aquilino Pimentel Jr.
1412:
1105:Cultural achievements
929:Filipino First policy
919:Mutual Defense Treaty
873:Philippine resistance
705:Philippine Revolution
665:Spanish–Moro conflict
655:Revolts and uprisings
541:Golden Tara of Agusan
263:
176:9th–10th Centuries AD
3392:Supratiṣṭhitacāritra
3308:Sangharāma (Guān Yǔ)
2794:Philippine mythology
2628:Kedatuan of Madja-as
2518:. 13 December 2012.
1556:Chicago Field Museum
1165:World Heritage Sites
1031:Territorial disputes
934:North Borneo dispute
924:Hukbalahap Rebellion
888:Philippines campaign
883:Battle of Leyte Gulf
863:Battle of Corregidor
838:Tydings–McDuffie Act
730:Battle of Manila Bay
720:Spanish–American War
328:Precolonial barangay
51:improve this article
2677:Sultanate of Buayan
2611:in Philippines and
2368:Philippine Treasure
1530:Buwawan ni Baklagon
1026:Philippine drug war
988:Contemporary period
955:Communist rebellion
853:Japanese occupation
818:Military Government
772:Doctrina Christiana
680:Propaganda Movement
635:Spanish East Indies
625:Battle of Bangkusay
571:Magellan expedition
489:Sultanates of Lanao
484:Sultanate of Buayan
3463:Buddhist sculpture
3005:has the statue of
2858:Filipinos in India
2643:Kingdom of Namayan
2609:Indianized kingdom
2444:. September 2015.
2062:Philippine Studies
1984:Philippine Studies
1933:. August 13, 2018.
1888:Vajradhātumaṇḍala.
1727:Philippine Studies
1661:Philippine Studies
1430:
1399:in Southeast Asia.
1306:Ferdinand Magellan
828:Insular Government
813:Zamboanga Republic
710:Tejeros Convention
700:Cry of Pugad Lawin
685:1872 Cavite mutiny
393:Precolonial period
333:Maritime Silk Road
308:Angono Petroglyphs
280:Prehistoric period
265:
3435:
3434:
3200:
3199:
3064:
3063:
2977:
2976:
2868:
2867:
2741:
2740:
2682:Sultanate of Sulu
2648:Rajahnate of Cebu
2633:Kingdom of Butuan
2314:978-971-8860-02-1
2200:978-9971-69-562-0
1900:Weinstein, John.
1420:and unearthed in
1367:Juan R. Francisco
1318:Anitist religions
1312:adopted from the
1218:
1217:
1065:Ancient religions
1046:COVID-19 pandemic
901:Post-independence
640:Captaincy General
516:Butuan Ivory Seal
494:Sultanate of Sulu
375:Prehistoric beads
233:
232:
127:
126:
119:
101:
16:(Redirected from
3470:
3280:Mahāsthāmaprāpta
3227:
3220:
3213:
3204:
2986:
2969:Indian Companies
2925:
2848:Tourism in India
2824:
2707:
2561:
2554:
2547:
2538:
2531:
2530:
2528:
2527:
2506:
2495:
2494:
2492:
2491:
2468:
2457:
2456:
2454:
2453:
2432:
2426:
2425:
2405:
2399:
2398:
2379:
2373:
2372:
2362:
2356:
2355:
2336:
2330:
2329:
2300:
2294:
2293:
2287:
2286:
2258:
2252:
2251:
2225:
2219:
2218:
2213:
2212:
2184:
2178:
2177:
2144:
2138:
2137:
2092:
2086:
2085:
2057:
2051:
2050:
2045:
2044:
2038:
2027:
2018:
2012:
2011:
1979:
1973:
1970:
1964:
1963:
1961:
1960:
1941:
1935:
1934:
1931:www.philstar.com
1923:
1917:
1916:
1912:on 1 June 2019.
1908:. Archived from
1897:
1891:
1890:
1884:
1883:
1866:(1–2): 165–166.
1851:
1845:
1844:
1811:
1805:
1804:
1799:. Archived from
1789:
1783:
1782:
1778:on 1 June 2019.
1774:. Archived from
1760:
1754:
1753:
1722:
1716:
1715:
1708:on 30 May 2019.
1704:. Archived from
1694:
1688:
1687:
1656:
1503:
1442:Tantric Buddhism
1405:
1372:Ateneo de Manila
1362:
1273:Tantric Buddhist
1210:
1203:
1196:
1182:
1181:
1180:
914:Treaty of Manila
858:Battle of Bataan
803:Tagalog Republic
745:Malolos Congress
690:La Liga Filipina
675:British invasion
645:Tondo Conspiracy
615:Blockade of Cebu
576:Battle of Mactan
500:Events/Artifacts
403:(north to south)
339:Events/Artifacts
323:Sa Huỳnh culture
253:
235:
205:Present location
141:
129:
122:
115:
111:
108:
102:
100:
59:
35:
27:
21:
3478:
3477:
3473:
3472:
3471:
3469:
3468:
3467:
3438:
3437:
3436:
3431:
3417:Viśuddhacāritra
3360:
3312:
3289:
3236:
3231:
3201:
3196:
3077:Indian Filipino
3060:
2973:
2916:
2864:
2815:
2737:
2698:
2568:
2565:
2535:
2534:
2525:
2523:
2508:
2507:
2498:
2489:
2487:
2470:
2469:
2460:
2451:
2449:
2434:
2433:
2429:
2407:
2406:
2402:
2381:
2380:
2376:
2364:
2363:
2359:
2338:
2337:
2333:
2315:
2302:
2301:
2297:
2284:
2282:
2275:
2260:
2259:
2255:
2240:
2227:
2226:
2222:
2210:
2208:
2201:
2186:
2185:
2181:
2159:
2146:
2145:
2141:
2107:
2094:
2093:
2089:
2059:
2058:
2054:
2042:
2040:
2036:
2025:
2020:
2019:
2015:
1981:
1980:
1976:
1971:
1967:
1958:
1956:
1943:
1942:
1938:
1925:
1924:
1920:
1899:
1898:
1894:
1881:
1879:
1853:
1852:
1848:
1830:
1813:
1812:
1808:
1803:on 30 May 2019.
1791:
1790:
1786:
1762:
1761:
1757:
1724:
1723:
1719:
1696:
1695:
1691:
1658:
1657:
1653:
1648:
1638:Balangiga bells
1597:
1568:
1514:
1504:
1497:
1406:
1403:
1363:
1357:
1349:" (signifying "
1292:
1220:
1214:
1178:
1176:
1171:
1170:
1169:
1110:Diet and health
1059:
1051:
1050:
1036:Siege of Marawi
991:
980:
979:
970:Fourth Republic
950:
939:
938:
904:
893:
892:
868:Second Republic
808:Negros Republic
798:
787:
786:
592:
581:
580:
526:Kabayan Mummies
396:
385:
384:
293:Homo luzonensis
283:
252:the Philippines
251:
244:
185:
144:
123:
112:
106:
103:
60:
58:
48:
36:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3476:
3474:
3466:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3440:
3439:
3433:
3432:
3430:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3412:Viśiṣṭacāritra
3409:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3372:B. R. Ambedkar
3368:
3366:
3362:
3361:
3359:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3322:
3320:
3314:
3313:
3311:
3310:
3305:
3299:
3297:
3291:
3290:
3288:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3250:Avalokiteśvara
3246:
3244:
3238:
3237:
3232:
3230:
3229:
3222:
3215:
3207:
3198:
3197:
3195:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3111:
3106:
3105:
3104:
3099:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3072:
3070:
3066:
3065:
3062:
3061:
3059:
3058:
3053:
3052:
3051:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3000:
2989:
2983:
2979:
2978:
2975:
2974:
2972:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2955:
2954:
2937:Murrah buffalo
2934:
2928:
2922:
2918:
2917:
2915:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2878:
2876:
2870:
2869:
2866:
2865:
2863:
2862:
2861:
2860:
2855:
2845:
2844:
2843:
2833:
2827:
2821:
2817:
2816:
2814:
2813:
2812:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2770:
2769:
2768:
2758:
2751:
2749:
2743:
2742:
2739:
2738:
2736:
2735:
2734:
2733:
2723:
2722:
2721:
2710:
2704:
2700:
2699:
2697:
2696:
2691:
2690:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2667:Rajah Sulayman
2664:
2659:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2605:
2604:
2603:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2582:
2576:
2574:
2570:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2563:
2556:
2549:
2541:
2533:
2532:
2496:
2458:
2427:
2400:
2374:
2357:
2331:
2313:
2295:
2273:
2253:
2238:
2220:
2199:
2179:
2157:
2139:
2105:
2087:
2052:
2013:
1974:
1965:
1936:
1918:
1892:
1846:
1828:
1816:Miksic, John N
1806:
1784:
1755:
1733:(3): 390–400.
1717:
1689:
1667:(3): 390–400.
1650:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1643:
1642:
1641:
1640:
1635:
1625:
1624:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1596:
1593:
1588:Agusan del Sur
1567:
1564:
1538:H. Otley Beyer
1513:
1510:
1495:
1401:
1376:Avalokitesvara
1359:H. Otley Beyer
1355:
1295:H. Otley Beyer
1291:
1288:
1284:Agusan del Sur
1267:to a Buddhist
1239:Agusan del Sur
1216:
1215:
1213:
1212:
1205:
1198:
1190:
1187:
1186:
1173:
1172:
1168:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1130:Historiography
1127:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1095:Communications
1092:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1075:Queen consorts
1072:
1067:
1061:
1060:
1057:
1056:
1053:
1052:
1049:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1021:Oakwood mutiny
1018:
1013:
1008:
1003:
998:
996:Fifth Republic
992:
990:(1986–present)
986:
985:
982:
981:
978:
977:
972:
967:
962:
957:
951:
945:
944:
941:
940:
937:
936:
931:
926:
921:
916:
911:
909:Third Republic
905:
899:
898:
895:
894:
891:
890:
885:
880:
875:
870:
865:
860:
855:
850:
845:
840:
835:
830:
825:
823:Moro Rebellion
820:
815:
810:
805:
799:
793:
792:
789:
788:
785:
784:
779:
774:
769:
758:
757:
752:
750:First Republic
747:
742:
737:
732:
727:
722:
717:
712:
707:
702:
697:
692:
687:
682:
677:
672:
667:
662:
657:
652:
650:Manila galleon
647:
642:
637:
632:
627:
622:
617:
612:
610:Treaty of Cebu
607:
602:
593:
587:
586:
583:
582:
579:
578:
573:
568:
563:
558:
553:
548:
546:Monreal Stones
543:
538:
533:
528:
523:
518:
513:
508:
497:
496:
491:
486:
481:
476:
471:
466:
461:
456:
451:
446:
441:
436:
431:
426:
421:
416:
411:
397:
391:
390:
387:
386:
383:
382:
377:
372:
367:
362:
357:
352:
347:
336:
335:
330:
325:
320:
315:
310:
305:
300:
295:
290:
284:
278:
277:
274:
273:
267:
266:
256:
255:
246:
245:
238:
231:
230:
216:
212:
211:
206:
202:
201:
191:Agusan del Sur
182:
178:
177:
174:
170:
169:
166:
162:
161:
158:
154:
153:
150:
146:
145:
142:
134:
133:
125:
124:
66:"Agusan image"
39:
37:
30:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3475:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3445:
3443:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3397:Supuṣpacandra
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3377:Bhaiṣajyarāja
3375:
3373:
3370:
3369:
3367:
3363:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3326:Padmasambhava
3324:
3323:
3321:
3319:
3315:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3300:
3298:
3296:
3292:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3265:Samantabhadra
3263:
3261:
3258:
3255:
3251:
3248:
3247:
3245:
3243:
3239:
3235:
3228:
3223:
3221:
3216:
3214:
3209:
3208:
3205:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3103:
3102:Indian people
3100:
3098:
3095:
3094:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3074:
3071:
3067:
3057:
3054:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3008:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2995:
2994:
2991:
2990:
2987:
2984:
2980:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2953:
2949:
2945:
2941:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2929:
2926:
2923:
2919:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2879:
2877:
2875:
2871:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2850:
2849:
2846:
2842:
2839:
2838:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2828:
2825:
2822:
2818:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2779:
2776:
2775:
2774:
2771:
2767:
2764:
2763:
2762:
2759:
2756:
2753:
2752:
2750:
2748:
2744:
2732:
2729:
2728:
2727:
2724:
2720:
2719:Greater India
2717:
2716:
2715:
2712:
2711:
2708:
2705:
2701:
2695:
2692:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2662:Rajah Matanda
2660:
2657:
2653:
2652:Rajah Humabon
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2615:
2614:
2610:
2607:
2606:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2587:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2577:
2575:
2571:
2562:
2557:
2555:
2550:
2548:
2543:
2542:
2539:
2521:
2517:
2516:
2511:
2505:
2503:
2501:
2497:
2485:
2481:
2477:
2473:
2467:
2465:
2463:
2459:
2447:
2443:
2442:
2437:
2431:
2428:
2424:
2419:
2415:
2411:
2404:
2401:
2397:
2393:
2389:
2385:
2378:
2375:
2370:
2369:
2361:
2358:
2354:
2350:
2346:
2342:
2335:
2332:
2328:
2324:
2320:
2316:
2310:
2306:
2299:
2296:
2292:
2280:
2276:
2274:9781317279037
2270:
2266:
2265:
2257:
2254:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2239:9789718551745
2235:
2231:
2224:
2221:
2217:
2206:
2202:
2196:
2192:
2191:
2183:
2180:
2176:
2174:
2168:
2164:
2160:
2158:9789718551745
2154:
2150:
2143:
2140:
2136:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2125:Ratnasambhava
2122:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2106:9789718551745
2102:
2098:
2091:
2088:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2056:
2053:
2049:
2035:
2031:
2030:Asian Studies
2024:
2017:
2014:
2010:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1978:
1975:
1969:
1966:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1940:
1937:
1932:
1928:
1922:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1896:
1893:
1889:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1850:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1829:9789718551745
1825:
1821:
1817:
1810:
1807:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1788:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1768:"FMNH 109928"
1765:
1759:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1721:
1718:
1714:
1712:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1693:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1655:
1652:
1645:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1630:
1629:
1626:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1603:
1602:
1599:
1598:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1585:
1580:
1578:
1572:
1565:
1563:
1561:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1511:
1509:
1501:
1494:
1492:
1486:
1484:
1483:Diamond Realm
1480:
1476:
1470:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1458:Diamond Realm
1454:
1452:
1448:
1443:
1439:
1438:Diamond Realm
1435:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1416:
1411:
1400:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1383:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1368:
1360:
1354:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1335:
1331:
1325:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1300:
1296:
1289:
1287:
1285:
1281:
1276:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1263:
1258:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1211:
1206:
1204:
1199:
1197:
1192:
1191:
1189:
1188:
1185:
1175:
1174:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1062:
1055:
1054:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
993:
989:
984:
983:
976:
973:
971:
968:
966:
963:
961:
960:Moro conflict
958:
956:
953:
952:
948:
943:
942:
935:
932:
930:
927:
925:
922:
920:
917:
915:
912:
910:
907:
906:
902:
897:
896:
889:
886:
884:
881:
879:
876:
874:
871:
869:
866:
864:
861:
859:
856:
854:
851:
849:
846:
844:
841:
839:
836:
834:
831:
829:
826:
824:
821:
819:
816:
814:
811:
809:
806:
804:
801:
800:
796:
791:
790:
783:
780:
778:
775:
773:
770:
768:
765:
764:
763:
762:
756:
753:
751:
748:
746:
743:
741:
738:
736:
733:
731:
728:
726:
723:
721:
718:
716:
713:
711:
708:
706:
703:
701:
698:
696:
693:
691:
688:
686:
683:
681:
678:
676:
673:
671:
668:
666:
663:
661:
658:
656:
653:
651:
648:
646:
643:
641:
638:
636:
633:
631:
628:
626:
623:
621:
618:
616:
613:
611:
608:
606:
603:
601:
598:
597:
596:
590:
585:
584:
577:
574:
572:
569:
567:
564:
562:
559:
557:
554:
552:
549:
547:
544:
542:
539:
537:
534:
532:
529:
527:
524:
522:
519:
517:
514:
512:
509:
507:
504:
503:
502:
501:
495:
492:
490:
487:
485:
482:
480:
477:
475:
472:
470:
467:
465:
462:
460:
457:
455:
452:
450:
447:
445:
442:
440:
437:
435:
432:
430:
427:
425:
422:
420:
417:
415:
412:
410:
407:
406:
405:
404:
400:
394:
389:
388:
381:
378:
376:
373:
371:
370:Manunggul Jar
368:
366:
363:
361:
358:
356:
353:
351:
348:
346:
343:
342:
341:
340:
334:
331:
329:
326:
324:
321:
319:
316:
314:
311:
309:
306:
304:
301:
299:
296:
294:
291:
289:
286:
285:
281:
276:
275:
272:
268:
262:
258:
257:
254:
247:
242:
236:
228:
224:
220:
217:
213:
210:
207:
203:
200:
196:
192:
188:
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
147:
140:
135:
130:
121:
118:
110:
99:
96:
92:
89:
85:
82:
78:
75:
71:
68: –
67:
63:
62:Find sources:
56:
52:
46:
45:
40:This article
38:
34:
29:
28:
19:
3458:Bodhisattvas
3382:Candraprabha
3234:Bodhisattvas
2524:. Retrieved
2513:
2488:. Retrieved
2475:
2450:. Retrieved
2439:
2430:
2421:
2409:
2403:
2395:
2383:
2377:
2367:
2360:
2352:
2340:
2334:
2326:
2304:
2298:
2289:
2283:. Retrieved
2263:
2256:
2229:
2223:
2215:
2209:. Retrieved
2189:
2182:
2172:
2170:
2148:
2142:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2118:
2096:
2090:
2065:
2061:
2055:
2047:
2041:. Retrieved
2029:
2016:
2007:
1987:
1983:
1977:
1968:
1957:. Retrieved
1948:
1939:
1930:
1921:
1913:
1910:the original
1905:
1895:
1886:
1880:. Retrieved
1863:
1859:
1849:
1841:
1819:
1809:
1801:the original
1796:
1787:
1779:
1776:the original
1771:
1758:
1750:
1730:
1726:
1720:
1711:Description:
1710:
1709:
1706:the original
1701:
1692:
1684:
1664:
1660:
1654:
1581:
1573:
1569:
1551:Leonard Wood
1533:
1529:
1525:
1515:
1506:
1499:
1490:
1488:
1471:
1455:
1431:
1385:
1365:
1332:, copying a
1327:
1293:
1277:
1259:
1226:
1223:Agusan image
1222:
1219:
848:World War II
843:Commonwealth
760:
759:
594:
561:Barter rings
540:
499:
498:
402:
401:
398:
360:Kalanay Cave
338:
337:
318:Jade culture
132:Agusan image
113:
104:
94:
87:
80:
73:
61:
49:Please help
44:verification
41:
3402:Sūryaprabha
3351:Sitātapatrā
3346:Vajrasattva
3285:Ākāśagarbha
3270:Kṣitigarbha
3167:Pepe Diokno
2952:Nueva Ecija
2595:Golden Tara
2133:Amoghasiddh
1584:GMA Network
1449:in Central
1436:called the
1275:tradition.
1247:Philippines
1227:Golden Tara
1090:Archaeology
1085:Agriculture
965:Martial law
949:(1965–1986)
903:(1946–1965)
797:(1898–1946)
782:Velarde map
767:Boxer Codex
591:(1565–1898)
380:Shell tools
355:Grave goods
250:History of
199:Philippines
18:Golden Tara
3442:Categories
2714:Indosphere
2656:Singhapala
2526:2019-05-19
2490:2017-10-01
2452:2020-07-18
2418:1110166645
2392:1110166645
2285:2020-09-22
2211:2020-02-01
2173:vajradhatu
2068:(3): 400.
2043:2019-05-30
1990:(3): 395.
1959:2020-03-15
1882:2019-05-30
1491:Vajralasya
1415:Vajradhātu
1041:Bangsamoro
947:Marcos era
878:Hukbalahap
556:Piloncitos
395:(900–1565)
181:Discovered
77:newspapers
3427:Śāntideva
3422:Nagarjuna
3407:Vasudhārā
3341:Vajrapāṇi
3331:Mandāravā
3318:Vajrayana
2703:Geography
2623:Majapahit
2618:Srivijaya
2248:724647223
2167:724647223
2115:724647223
2074:0031-7837
1996:0031-7837
1872:0193-600X
1838:724647223
1739:0031-7837
1673:0031-7837
1466:Vairocana
1462:Vairocana
1447:Borobudur
1314:Majapahit
1235:Esperanza
1135:Languages
1125:Geography
1115:Education
1100:Conflicts
833:Jones Law
761:Artifacts
695:Katipunan
630:New Spain
298:Tabon Man
282:(pre-900)
187:Esperanza
3275:Maitreya
3260:Mañjuśrī
2874:Language
2820:Politics
2747:Religion
2520:Archived
2484:Archived
2446:Archived
2349:20115346
2323:60754261
2279:Archived
2205:Archived
2129:Amitabha
2121:Aksobhya
2082:42719871
2034:Archived
2004:42719871
1953:Archived
1876:Archived
1747:42719871
1681:42719871
1595:See also
1566:Recovery
1496:—
1402:—
1397:Buddhism
1391:), as a
1356:—
1330:Mindanao
1310:Hinduism
1290:Identity
1243:Mindanao
1155:Politics
1145:Military
1140:Medicine
1058:By topic
1016:EDSA III
531:Baybayin
506:Maragtas
474:Sanmalan
454:Madja-as
409:Caboloan
345:Balangay
271:Timeline
241:a series
239:Part of
227:Buddhism
223:Hinduism
195:Mindanao
149:Material
107:May 2019
3295:Chinese
3254:Guanyin
3073:People
3056:Cuisine
2982:Culture
2921:Economy
2780:(Asura)
2573:History
2515:YouTube
2441:YouTube
2032:: 312.
1646:Sources
1512:History
1475:Nganjuk
1434:mandala
1422:Nganjuk
1418:Mandala
1351:phallus
1343:Surigao
1334:Nganjuk
1322:Nganjuk
1302:goddess
1299:Sivaite
1280:Animist
1265:goddess
1262:Sivaite
1255:Chicago
1245:in the
1120:Economy
605:Sandugo
566:Luzones
459:Dapitan
429:Maynila
424:Namayan
215:Culture
173:Created
91:scholar
3303:Skanda
3069:People
2784:Diwata
2778:Aswang
2416:
2390:
2347:
2321:
2311:
2271:
2246:
2236:
2197:
2165:
2155:
2113:
2103:
2080:
2072:
2002:
1994:
1870:
1836:
1826:
1745:
1737:
1679:
1671:
1534:manika
1526:manika
1518:Manobo
1502:(2011)
1361:, 1947
1347:Butuan
1339:Agusan
1070:Rulers
595:Events
469:Butuan
449:Sandao
444:Pulilu
434:Ibalon
414:Cainta
243:on the
165:Weight
157:Height
93:
86:
79:
72:
64:
3365:Other
3356:Cundī
3242:Major
2942:from
2658:city)
2078:JSTOR
2037:(PDF)
2026:(PDF)
2009:Siva"
2000:JSTOR
1743:JSTOR
1677:JSTOR
1389:Sakti
1150:Names
419:Tondo
98:JSTOR
84:books
3336:Tārā
2414:OCLC
2388:OCLC
2345:OCLC
2319:OCLC
2309:ISBN
2269:ISBN
2244:OCLC
2234:ISBN
2195:ISBN
2163:OCLC
2153:ISBN
2111:OCLC
2101:ISBN
2070:ISSN
1992:ISSN
1868:ISSN
1834:OCLC
1824:ISBN
1735:ISSN
1669:ISSN
1479:Java
1456:The
1451:Java
1426:Java
1393:Tara
1380:Tara
1269:Tara
1231:Tara
1221:The
464:Cebu
439:Ma-i
184:1917
70:news
3387:Niō
2950:in
2946:to
2654:at
1353:").
1253:in
53:by
3444::
2512:.
2499:^
2482:.
2478:.
2474:.
2461:^
2438:.
2420:.
2394:.
2351:.
2325:.
2317:.
2288:.
2277:.
2242:.
2214:.
2203:.
2169:.
2161:.
2117:.
2109:.
2076:.
2066:11
2064:.
2046:.
2028:.
2006:.
1998:.
1988:11
1986:.
1951:.
1947:.
1929:.
1904:.
1885:.
1874:.
1864:35
1862:.
1858:.
1840:.
1832:.
1795:.
1770:.
1766:.
1749:.
1741:.
1731:11
1729:.
1700:.
1683:.
1675:.
1665:11
1663:.
1477:,
1424:,
1382:.
1257:.
1241:,
1237:,
225:,
221:,
197:,
193:,
189:,
3256:)
3252:(
3226:e
3219:t
3212:v
2650:(
2560:e
2553:t
2546:v
2529:.
2493:.
2455:.
2250:.
2084:.
1962:.
1387:(
1341:-
1209:e
1202:t
1195:v
120:)
114:(
109:)
105:(
95:·
88:·
81:·
74:·
47:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
