671:
722:
683:
698:
710:
776:
31:
749:
576:
734:
791:
764:
97:
236:
55:
655:, Pará, from 1975 to 1984. More than 35,000 forest dwellers were forced from what had been a habitat that was considered to be "among the richest and most diversified in the world." In addition, 2,875 km (1,110 sq mi) of rainforest were flooded, and 1,600 islands were produced by the flooding, all of which were heavily deforested.
537:. The birds in a 1986 study used two different habitats during the year; during the nonbreeding season, which coincided with the dry season, they occupied the tall forest. During the breeding season, they left the tall forest and entered open areas on the edge of the forest such as fields used in agriculture.
504:
The golden parakeet is 34–36 cm (13–14 in) long and mainly yellow with green in the outer wings and with an all-yellow tail. It has a large horn-colored (gray) beak, pale-pink bare eye rings, brown irises, and pink legs. Males and females have identical external appearance. Juveniles are
831:
SACC 2005: 6. Guarouba was formerly (e.g., Peters 1937, Meyer de
Schauensee 1970) included in Aratinga, but see Sick (1990), and also Tavares et al. (2004, 2006), Wright et al. (2008), and Kirchman et al. (2012), whose genetic data indicated that the sister genus to Guarouba is Diopsittaca, thus
658:
An international effort led by the
Brazilian government in partnership with Parrots International, Lymington Foundation, the University of SĂŁo Paulo and others is underway to raise young birds in captivity reintegrate them to their natural habitat with support of locals in Northeast Brazil.
589:
The golden parakeet's breeding system is almost unique amongst parrots, as pairs are aided by a number of helpers which aid in the raising of the young. This behavior is less common with parakeets in captivity, which often abandon their young after three weeks.
505:
duller and have less yellow and more green plumage than the adults. The juvenile's head and neck are mostly green, the back is green and yellow, the upper side of tail is mostly green, the breast is greenish, the eye rings are pale-gray, and the legs are brown.
670:
616:
that eventually turns darker within a week. By the end of the third week, wing feathers start to develop. Juveniles are playful, but may turn abusive against their peers. Nestlings are preyed upon by
597:
season starts in
November and runs through February. They nest in a high tree, in deeper than average nesting cavities, and lay an average of four 37.1 by 29.9 mm (1.46 by 1.18 in) white
456:
1409:"Phylogenetic relationships and historical biogeography of Neotropical parrots (Psittaciformes: Psittacidae: Arini) inferred from mitochondrial and nuclear DNA Sequences"
682:
3822:
3704:
721:
605:
period is about 30 days, in which the male and female take turns incubating. In the first few years of sexual maturity, golden parakeets tend to lay infertile
545:
Golden parakeets are a social species, living, feeding, sleeping, and even breeding together. In the wild, they have a varied diet, feeding on fruits such as
1792:
1699:
790:
3797:
3652:
424:
he included the golden parakeet and cited earlier works including Buffon's description of "Le
Guarouba". He placed it with the other parrots in the
3678:
697:
3807:
1147:
1125:
400:
709:
1358:
1252:
1025:
1015:
775:
455:. The different spellings of the genus and species names result from the different spellings used by Lesson and Gmelin and the rules of the
1187:
Systema naturae per regna tria naturae : secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis
748:
1700:"Biology and population size of the Golden Parakeet (Guaruba guarouba) in western Pará, Brazil, with recommendations for conservation"
1546:
648:
for feeding on crops, and are hunted for food or sport. The current population is estimated to be in the range of 10,000 to 20,000.
3817:
3812:
733:
1785:
3683:
952:
1662:
1442:"A multilocus molecular phylogeny of the parrots (Psittaciformes): support for a Gondwanan origin during the Cretaceous"
1151:
379:
1623:
620:, which may explain their social behavior. Nests are vigorously defended from toucans by several members of the group.
3590:
3761:
1111:
Ornithologie, ou, MĂ©thode
Contenant la Division des Oiseaux en Ordres, Sections, Genres, Especes & leurs Variétés
609:
until the age of six to eight. In captivity, golden parakeets resume breeding when their chicks are taken from them.
185:
1681:
1538:
1271:
1159:
3709:
1733:
1778:
763:
1376:"Phylogenetic relationships among some Neotropical parrot genera (Psittacidae) based on mitochondrial sequences"
96:
3717:
1589:
1105:
832:
forcing a return to earlier classifications (e.g., Cory 1918, Pinto 1937) that treated it in a monotypic genus.
396:
30:
1714:
575:
1181:
411:
225:
3722:
3556:
3577:
3491:
2037:
856:
493:
3595:
1341:
2316:
1534:
1244:
Priority! The Dating of
Scientific Names in Ornithology: a Directory to the literature and its reviewers
434:
208:
3529:
2008:
644:, where it is in high demand due to the attractiveness of its plumage. Locally, they are considered as
559:
3639:
3569:
3538:
2531:
2148:
1914:
1155:
1050:(in Latin). Lugdun and Batavorum (London and Leiden): Franciscum Hackium and Elzevirium. p. 207.
1994:
2272:
1893:
1238:
44:
2015:
1955:
651:
An example of the displacement of golden parakeets by habitat loss comes from the building of the
3802:
1923:
892:
888:
782:
633:
283:
243:
91:
59:
2284:
2001:
1764:
1567:
1885:
3743:
3696:
3613:
2985:
2825:
1542:
1471:
1354:
1248:
1061:
1021:
388:
337:, and also by the now-illegal trapping of wild individuals for the pet trade. It is listed on
1770:
1491:"Phylogenetic relationships of the extinct Carolina Parakeet inferred from DNA sequence data"
1190:(in Latin). Vol. 1, Part 1 (13th ed.). Lipsiae : Georg. Emanuel. Beer. p. 320.
3748:
3281:
2864:
2467:
2261:
1854:
1839:
1833:
1605:
1502:
1461:
1453:
1420:
1387:
1318:
1275:
1129:
602:
3756:
3582:
3730:
3543:
2387:
2139:
2108:
2056:
1930:
1737:
1685:
1666:
1201:
1041:
994:
974:
755:
689:
645:
514:
420:
374:
350:
3425:
3405:
3296:
3142:
3061:
3033:
3026:
2942:
2926:
2596:
2505:
2333:
2237:
2204:
2080:
1985:
1802:
1527:
1522:
1466:
1441:
1221:
740:
652:
452:
387:. Based on Marcgrave's description, the golden parakeet was included in the works of
3791:
3691:
3325:
3316:
3166:
3151:
3124:
3082:
2969:
2917:
2759:
2731:
2644:
2635:
2573:
2548:
2541:
2380:
2326:
2087:
2026:
1937:
1609:
1306:
1242:
930:
869:
637:
629:
613:
606:
415:
373:
means "yellow bird". The golden parakeet was also described by the German naturalist
366:
361:. De Laet included the parakeet in the 1640 French translation of his book. The word
330:
168:
64:
1353:. Vol. 4: Sandgrouse to Cuckoos. Barcelona, Spain: Lynx Edicions. p. 427.
1225:
1205:
1185:
1163:
1109:
1069:
998:
978:
235:
3618:
3379:
3267:
3225:
3209:
3191:
3103:
3075:
3054:
3047:
3005:
2893:
2873:
2815:
2766:
2724:
2717:
2696:
2582:
2555:
2437:
2422:
2295:
2170:
2156:
1869:
1089:
812:
526:
323:
287:
3774:
3605:
1045:
860:
593:
After the golden parakeet reaches sexual maturity at the age of three years, the
3665:
3523:
3453:
3432:
3361:
3334:
3305:
3253:
3232:
3131:
3089:
3012:
2978:
2902:
2832:
2803:
2689:
2682:
2675:
2603:
2446:
2415:
2355:
2304:
2186:
2118:
1944:
960:
534:
518:
484:
311:
158:
1659:
1210:. Vol. 3. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. p. 186.
3769:
3439:
3415:
3395:
3345:
3246:
3218:
3175:
3117:
3040:
3019:
2882:
2849:
2745:
2703:
2668:
2651:
2512:
2491:
2401:
2364:
2179:
2094:
2073:
1971:
1900:
1878:
1425:
1408:
1322:
1279:
641:
522:
472:
319:
3514:
1749:
1114:(in French and Latin). Vol. 4. Paris: Jean-Baptiste Bauche. p. 369.
3446:
3368:
3354:
3274:
3260:
3198:
3110:
2949:
2935:
2839:
2738:
2624:
2498:
2408:
2193:
2066:
1631:
1457:
1392:
1375:
1003:(in French). A Leyde: Chez Bonauenture & Abraham Elseuiers. p. 490.
468:
429:
108:
1507:
1490:
1475:
906:
513:
Its range is estimated to be limited to about 174,000 km. between the
1136:(in French). Vol. 6. Paris: De l'Imprimerie Royale. pp. 272–274.
1071:
The
Ornithology of Francis Willughby of Middleton in the County of Warwick
3735:
3508:
3388:
3239:
3184:
3096:
2960:
2752:
2658:
2519:
2394:
2340:
1821:
1085:
1065:
598:
392:
128:
1678:
488:(red-shouldered macaw) are sister genera. It is also closely related to
3657:
3564:
2996:
2778:
2710:
2617:
2589:
2373:
2125:
1730:
554:
530:
407:. An illustration based on the same specimen was published separately.
315:
307:
3670:
3551:
3068:
2788:
2610:
2478:
1815:
807:
617:
594:
550:
326:
291:
148:
118:
3631:
3485:
533:, northern Brazil. Additional records occur from adjacent northern
3626:
2562:
1827:
956:
574:
564:
546:
425:
338:
334:
295:
81:
75:
1000:
L'Histoire du nouveau monde ou description des Indes
Occidentales
475:
are recognised. This species is also known as the golden conure.
1407:
Tavares, E.S.; Baker, A.J.; Pereira, S.L.; Miyaki, C.Y. (2006).
583:
447:
the golden parakeet is now the only species placed in the genus
138:
3644:
3489:
2235:
1852:
1774:
1307:"Contributions to a list of first reviser actions: ornithology"
1047:
Historia
Naturalis Brasiliae: Liber Quintus: Qui agit de Avibus
349:
The golden parakeet was listed in 1633 by the Dutch geographer
403:, included a description based on a preserved specimen in his
1751:
Fundacao
Lymington Sao Paulo URL accessed August 13, 2017.
1170:. Vol. 6. Paris: De L'Imprimerie Royale. Plate 525.
1241:; Overstreet, L.K.; Dowsett, R.J.; Bruce, M.D. (2011).
983:(in Latin). Lugd. Batav.: Apud Elzevirios. p. 556.
1349:. In del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Sargatal, J. (eds.).
1236:
between 1830 and 1831. For the publication date see:
451:
that was introduced in 1830 by the French naturalist
3421:
3411:
3401:
2845:
2821:
2811:
2664:
2463:
2322:
2312:
2280:
2257:
2167:
2136:
2105:
2053:
1982:
1967:
1911:
1866:
796:
Guaruba guarouba, Bird Park of Foz do Iguaçu, Brazil
3498:
3378:
3344:
3324:
3315:
3295:
3208:
3174:
3165:
3141:
2995:
2968:
2959:
2925:
2916:
2892:
2872:
2863:
2802:
2776:
2634:
2572:
2529:
2477:
2454:
2445:
2436:
2363:
2354:
2303:
2294:
2271:
2248:
2203:
2166:
2135:
2104:
2052:
2025:
1981:
1954:
1910:
1865:
1374:Tavares, E.S.; Yamashita, C.; Miyaki, C.Y. (2004).
457:
International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature
1526:
1340:
1489:Kirchman, J.; Schirtzinger, Wright (April 2012).
980:Novus Orbis seu descriptionis Indiae Occidentalis
612:At birth, golden parakeets are covered in white
1230:(in French). Paris: F.G. Levrault. p. 210.
1305:David, N.; Dickinson, E.; Gregory, S. (2009).
1094:(in Latin). London: William Innys. p. 35.
1786:
1592:(1986). "Observations on the golden parakeet
1529:Parrots of the World; an Identification Guide
8:
1247:. Northampton, UK: Aves Press. p. 119.
1227:Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique
1017:The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names
1562:
1560:
1558:
3486:
3321:
3171:
2965:
2922:
2869:
2483:
2451:
2442:
2360:
2300:
2245:
2232:
1960:
1862:
1849:
1793:
1779:
1771:
1568:"Birdlife International Species Factsheet"
953:"Species lists (Appendices I, II and III)"
399:in 1760. In 1779 the French polymath, the
234:
53:
29:
20:
1655:
1653:
1651:
1649:
1506:
1465:
1424:
1391:
1020:. London: Christopher Helm. p. 180.
1168:Planches Enluminées D'Histoire Naturelle
525:Rivers in the Amazon Basin south of the
463:but on subsequent pages changed this to
1583:
1581:
1579:
1577:
845:
824:
666:
294:. It is the only species placed in the
1334:
1332:
1266:
1264:
1091:Synopsis methodica avium & piscium
851:
849:
3823:Taxa named by Johann Friedrich Gmelin
1440:Wright, Timothy; et al. (2008).
1286:. International Ornithologists' Union
628:The golden parakeet is listed on the
601:, which they aggressively guard. The
7:
1074:. London: John Martyn. p. 117.
870:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
410:When in 1788 the German naturalist
383:. Marcgrave gave the local name as
310:is mostly bright yellow, hence its
1351:Handbook of the Birds of the World
931:"GOLDEN CONURE (Guaruba guarouba)"
640:and the capture of wild birds for
557:, flowers, buds, seeds (including
14:
1707:Revista Brasileira de Ornitologia
3798:IUCN Red List vulnerable species
1698:Laranjeiras, Thiago (Sep 2011).
1284:IOC World Bird List Version 12.1
1207:Check-List of Birds of the World
1148:Buffon, Georges-Louis Leclerc de
1126:Buffon, Georges-Louis Leclerc de
789:
774:
762:
747:
732:
720:
708:
696:
681:
669:
563:, and crop plants, particularly
318:. It lives in the drier, upland
282:is a medium-sized golden-yellow
95:
1446:Molecular Biology and Evolution
1130:"Le Guarouba ou Perriche Jaune"
1740:URL accessed January 26, 2007.
1688:URL accessed January 26, 2007.
1669:URL accessed January 24, 2007.
1134:Histoire Naturelle des Oiseaux
405:Histoire Naturelle des Oiseaux
314:, but it also possesses green
1:
3808:Birds of the Brazilian Amazon
959:. 1 July 2008. Archived from
1713:(3): 303–314. Archived from
1610:10.1016/0006-3207(86)90008-X
688:Feeding in captivity at the
478:Molecular studies show that
380:Historia Naturalis Brasiliae
357:. He gave the local name as
1164:"Perruche jaune de Cayenne"
1160:Daubenton, Louis-Jean-Marie
727:Closeup of green outer wing
3839:
1539:Princeton University Press
1152:Martinet, François-Nicolas
1014:Jobling, James A. (2010).
2486:
2244:
2231:
1963:
1861:
1848:
1810:
1767:at BirdLife International
1426:10.1080/10635150600697390
1323:10.11646/zootaxa.2085.1.1
1106:Brisson, Mathurin Jacques
676:Queen of Bavaria's Parrot
636:. This is largely due to
249:
242:
233:
214:
207:
92:Scientific classification
90:
73:
51:
42:
37:
28:
23:
1805:and their extinct allies
1679:Golden Conure - Breeding
1182:Gmelin, Johann Friedrich
624:Conservation and threats
509:Distribution and habitat
459:. Lesson initially used
397:Mathurin Jacques Brisson
355:History of the New World
3818:Birds described in 1788
3813:Endemic birds of Brazil
1598:Biological Conservation
1278:, eds. (January 2022).
443:Formerly classified as
412:Johann Friedrich Gmelin
329:, and is threatened by
280:Queen of Bavaria conure
38:At Gramado Zoo, Brazil
1508:10.1525/auk.2012.11259
857:BirdLife International
586:
494:golden-plumed parakeet
1596:in Northern Brazil".
1458:10.1093/molbev/msn160
1393:10.1093/auk/121.1.230
1339:Collar, N.J. (1997).
1156:Daubenton, Edme-Louis
578:
490:Leptosittaca branicki
414:revised and expanded
290:of interior northern
1280:"Parrots, cockatoos"
963:on 29 December 2007.
933:. World Parrot Trust
907:"Appendices | CITES"
541:Behavior and ecology
1894:Eurofluvioviridavis
715:Closeup of the tail
703:Closeup of the head
45:Conservation status
1924:Eofringillirostrum
1736:2011-03-26 at the
1684:2011-03-25 at the
1665:2007-03-06 at the
1523:Forshaw, Joseph M.
1413:Systematic Biology
1342:"Golden parakeet (
1274:; Donsker, David;
1062:Willughby, Francis
891:}}: old-form url (
783:Walsrode Bird Park
587:
438:Psittacus guarouba
284:Neotropical parrot
252:Psittacus guarouba
3785:
3784:
3744:Open Tree of Life
3544:Aratinga_guarouba
3492:Taxon identifiers
3483:
3482:
3479:
3478:
3475:
3474:
3471:
3470:
3467:
3466:
3463:
3462:
3291:
3290:
3161:
3160:
2986:Psittaculirostris
2912:
2911:
2859:
2858:
2798:
2797:
2432:
2431:
2350:
2349:
2227:
2226:
2223:
2222:
2048:
2047:
2009:Primozygodactylus
1765:Species factsheet
1594:Aratinga guarouba
1533:. Illustrated by
1360:978-84-87334-22-1
1344:Guarouba guarouba
1276:Rasmussen, Pamela
1254:978-0-9568611-1-5
1202:Peters, James Lee
1027:978-1-4081-2501-4
560:Croton matouensis
467:. The species is
445:Aratinga guarouba
389:Francis Willughby
262:
261:
256:Aratinga guarouba
189:
85:
68:
3830:
3778:
3777:
3775:Guaruba-guarouba
3765:
3764:
3752:
3751:
3739:
3738:
3726:
3725:
3713:
3712:
3700:
3699:
3687:
3686:
3674:
3673:
3661:
3660:
3648:
3647:
3635:
3634:
3622:
3621:
3609:
3608:
3599:
3598:
3586:
3585:
3573:
3572:
3570:1F894CC3D346E5F4
3560:
3559:
3557:guaruba-guarouba
3547:
3546:
3534:
3533:
3532:
3530:Guaruba guarouba
3519:
3518:
3517:
3500:Guaruba guarouba
3487:
3423:
3413:
3403:
3322:
3282:Purpureicephalus
3172:
2966:
2923:
2870:
2865:Psittrichasiidae
2847:
2823:
2813:
2666:
2484:
2468:Archaeopsittacus
2465:
2452:
2443:
2361:
2324:
2314:
2301:
2282:
2262:Mogontiacopsitta
2259:
2246:
2233:
2169:
2138:
2107:
2055:
1984:
1969:
1961:
1913:
1868:
1863:
1855:Psittacopasseres
1850:
1840:Psittacopasseres
1834:Eufalconimorphae
1795:
1788:
1781:
1772:
1752:
1747:
1741:
1728:
1722:
1721:
1719:
1704:
1695:
1689:
1676:
1670:
1657:
1644:
1643:
1641:
1639:
1634:on 22 April 2009
1630:. Archived from
1628:goldenconure.org
1620:
1614:
1613:
1590:Novaes, Fernando
1588:Oren, David C.;
1585:
1572:
1571:
1564:
1553:
1552:
1532:
1519:
1513:
1512:
1510:
1486:
1480:
1479:
1469:
1437:
1431:
1430:
1428:
1404:
1398:
1397:
1395:
1371:
1365:
1364:
1348:
1336:
1327:
1326:
1302:
1296:
1295:
1293:
1291:
1268:
1259:
1258:
1231:
1218:
1212:
1211:
1198:
1192:
1191:
1178:
1172:
1171:
1144:
1138:
1137:
1122:
1116:
1115:
1102:
1096:
1095:
1082:
1076:
1075:
1058:
1052:
1051:
1042:Marcgrave, Georg
1038:
1032:
1031:
1011:
1005:
1004:
995:Laet, Joannes de
991:
985:
984:
975:Laet, Joannes de
971:
965:
964:
949:
943:
942:
940:
938:
927:
921:
920:
918:
917:
903:
897:
896:
885:
883:
881:
863:Guaruba guarouba
853:
833:
829:
793:
778:
766:
751:
736:
724:
712:
700:
685:
673:
580:Guaruba guarouba
529:in the state of
275:Guaruba guarouba
238:
220:
218:Guaruba guarouba
200:G. guarouba
184:
100:
99:
79:
62:
57:
56:
33:
24:Golden parakeet
21:
3838:
3837:
3833:
3832:
3831:
3829:
3828:
3827:
3788:
3787:
3786:
3781:
3773:
3768:
3760:
3755:
3747:
3742:
3734:
3731:Observation.org
3729:
3721:
3716:
3708:
3703:
3695:
3690:
3682:
3677:
3669:
3664:
3656:
3651:
3643:
3638:
3630:
3625:
3617:
3612:
3604:
3602:
3594:
3589:
3581:
3576:
3568:
3563:
3555:
3550:
3542:
3537:
3528:
3527:
3522:
3513:
3512:
3507:
3494:
3484:
3459:
3374:
3340:
3311:
3287:
3204:
3157:
3137:
2991:
2955:
2908:
2888:
2855:
2794:
2772:
2630:
2568:
2532:Amoropsittacini
2525:
2473:
2428:
2388:Calyptorhynchus
2346:
2290:
2267:
2240:
2219:
2199:
2162:
2149:Palaeopsittacus
2140:Quercypsittidae
2131:
2109:Messelasturidae
2100:
2057:Halcyornithidae
2044:
2021:
1977:
1950:
1931:Parapsittacopes
1915:Psittacopedidae
1906:
1857:
1844:
1806:
1799:
1761:
1756:
1755:
1748:
1744:
1738:Wayback Machine
1729:
1725:
1717:
1702:
1697:
1696:
1692:
1686:Wayback Machine
1677:
1673:
1667:Wayback Machine
1658:
1647:
1637:
1635:
1622:
1621:
1617:
1587:
1586:
1575:
1566:
1565:
1556:
1549:
1521:
1520:
1516:
1488:
1487:
1483:
1439:
1438:
1434:
1406:
1405:
1401:
1373:
1372:
1368:
1361:
1338:
1337:
1330:
1304:
1303:
1299:
1289:
1287:
1270:
1269:
1262:
1255:
1239:Dickinson, E.C.
1237:
1232:Published in 8
1220:
1219:
1215:
1200:
1199:
1195:
1180:
1179:
1175:
1146:
1145:
1141:
1124:
1123:
1119:
1104:
1103:
1099:
1084:
1083:
1079:
1060:
1059:
1055:
1040:
1039:
1035:
1028:
1013:
1012:
1008:
993:
992:
988:
973:
972:
968:
951:
950:
946:
936:
934:
929:
928:
924:
915:
913:
905:
904:
900:
886:
879:
877:
855:
854:
847:
842:
837:
836:
830:
826:
821:
804:
797:
794:
785:
779:
770:
767:
758:
756:National Aviary
752:
743:
737:
728:
725:
716:
713:
704:
701:
692:
690:National Aviary
686:
677:
674:
665:
626:
573:
543:
511:
502:
433:and coined the
421:Systema Naturae
401:Comte de Buffon
377:in 1648 in his
375:Georg Marcgrave
365:comes from the
351:Joannes de Laet
347:
266:golden parakeet
254:
229:
222:
216:
203:
183:
94:
86:
69:
58:
54:
47:
17:
16:Species of bird
12:
11:
5:
3836:
3834:
3826:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3805:
3800:
3790:
3789:
3783:
3782:
3780:
3779:
3766:
3753:
3740:
3727:
3714:
3701:
3688:
3675:
3662:
3649:
3636:
3623:
3610:
3600:
3587:
3574:
3561:
3548:
3535:
3520:
3504:
3502:
3496:
3495:
3490:
3481:
3480:
3477:
3476:
3473:
3472:
3469:
3468:
3465:
3464:
3461:
3460:
3458:
3457:
3450:
3443:
3436:
3429:
3426:Necropsittacus
3419:
3409:
3406:Lophopsittacus
3399:
3392:
3384:
3382:
3376:
3375:
3373:
3372:
3365:
3358:
3350:
3348:
3342:
3341:
3339:
3338:
3330:
3328:
3319:
3313:
3312:
3310:
3309:
3301:
3299:
3297:Psittacellinae
3293:
3292:
3289:
3288:
3286:
3285:
3278:
3271:
3264:
3257:
3250:
3243:
3236:
3229:
3222:
3214:
3212:
3206:
3205:
3203:
3202:
3195:
3188:
3180:
3178:
3169:
3163:
3162:
3159:
3158:
3156:
3155:
3147:
3145:
3143:Melopsittacini
3139:
3138:
3136:
3135:
3128:
3121:
3114:
3107:
3100:
3093:
3086:
3079:
3072:
3065:
3062:Hypocharmosyna
3058:
3051:
3044:
3037:
3034:Charmosynopsis
3030:
3027:Charmosynoides
3023:
3016:
3009:
3001:
2999:
2993:
2992:
2990:
2989:
2982:
2974:
2972:
2963:
2957:
2956:
2954:
2953:
2946:
2943:Bolbopsittacus
2939:
2931:
2929:
2927:Agapornithinae
2920:
2914:
2913:
2910:
2909:
2907:
2906:
2898:
2896:
2890:
2889:
2887:
2886:
2878:
2876:
2867:
2861:
2860:
2857:
2856:
2854:
2853:
2843:
2836:
2829:
2819:
2808:
2806:
2800:
2799:
2796:
2795:
2793:
2792:
2784:
2782:
2774:
2773:
2771:
2770:
2763:
2756:
2749:
2742:
2735:
2728:
2721:
2714:
2707:
2700:
2693:
2686:
2679:
2672:
2662:
2655:
2648:
2640:
2638:
2632:
2631:
2629:
2628:
2621:
2614:
2607:
2600:
2597:Graydidascalus
2593:
2586:
2578:
2576:
2570:
2569:
2567:
2566:
2559:
2552:
2545:
2537:
2535:
2527:
2526:
2524:
2523:
2516:
2509:
2506:Hapalopsittaca
2502:
2495:
2487:
2481:
2475:
2474:
2472:
2471:
2460:
2458:
2456:incertae sedis
2449:
2440:
2434:
2433:
2430:
2429:
2427:
2426:
2419:
2412:
2405:
2398:
2391:
2384:
2377:
2369:
2367:
2358:
2352:
2351:
2348:
2347:
2345:
2344:
2337:
2330:
2320:
2309:
2307:
2298:
2292:
2291:
2289:
2288:
2277:
2275:
2269:
2268:
2266:
2265:
2254:
2252:
2250:Incertae sedis
2242:
2241:
2238:Psittaciformes
2236:
2229:
2228:
2225:
2224:
2221:
2220:
2218:
2217:
2216:
2215:
2209:
2207:
2205:Psittaciformes
2201:
2200:
2198:
2197:
2190:
2183:
2175:
2173:
2164:
2163:
2161:
2160:
2153:
2144:
2142:
2133:
2132:
2130:
2129:
2122:
2114:
2112:
2102:
2101:
2099:
2098:
2091:
2084:
2081:Pseudasturides
2077:
2070:
2062:
2060:
2050:
2049:
2046:
2045:
2043:
2042:
2041:
2040:
2031:
2029:
2023:
2022:
2020:
2019:
2012:
2005:
1998:
1995:Eozygodactylus
1990:
1988:
1986:Zygodactylidae
1979:
1978:
1976:
1975:
1964:
1958:
1952:
1951:
1949:
1948:
1941:
1934:
1927:
1919:
1917:
1908:
1907:
1905:
1904:
1897:
1890:
1882:
1874:
1872:
1859:
1858:
1853:
1846:
1845:
1843:
1842:
1836:
1830:
1824:
1818:
1811:
1808:
1807:
1800:
1798:
1797:
1790:
1783:
1775:
1769:
1768:
1760:
1759:External links
1757:
1754:
1753:
1742:
1723:
1720:on 2013-12-14.
1690:
1671:
1645:
1624:"Natural Diet"
1615:
1604:(4): 329–337.
1573:
1554:
1547:
1514:
1501:(2): 197–204.
1481:
1432:
1419:(3): 454–470.
1399:
1386:(1): 230–242.
1366:
1359:
1328:
1297:
1260:
1253:
1213:
1204:, ed. (1937).
1193:
1173:
1139:
1117:
1097:
1077:
1053:
1033:
1026:
1006:
986:
966:
944:
922:
898:
844:
843:
841:
838:
835:
834:
823:
822:
820:
817:
816:
815:
810:
803:
800:
799:
798:
795:
788:
786:
780:
773:
771:
768:
761:
759:
753:
746:
744:
741:Discovery Cove
738:
731:
729:
726:
719:
717:
714:
707:
705:
702:
695:
693:
687:
680:
678:
675:
668:
664:
661:
625:
622:
572:
569:
542:
539:
510:
507:
501:
498:
346:
343:
286:native to the
260:
259:
247:
246:
240:
239:
231:
230:
223:
212:
211:
205:
204:
197:
195:
191:
190:
176:
172:
171:
166:
162:
161:
156:
152:
151:
149:Psittaciformes
146:
142:
141:
136:
132:
131:
126:
122:
121:
116:
112:
111:
106:
102:
101:
88:
87:
74:
71:
70:
52:
49:
48:
43:
40:
39:
35:
34:
26:
25:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3835:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3795:
3793:
3776:
3771:
3767:
3763:
3758:
3754:
3750:
3745:
3741:
3737:
3732:
3728:
3724:
3719:
3715:
3711:
3706:
3702:
3698:
3693:
3689:
3685:
3680:
3676:
3672:
3667:
3663:
3659:
3654:
3650:
3646:
3641:
3637:
3633:
3628:
3624:
3620:
3615:
3611:
3607:
3601:
3597:
3592:
3588:
3584:
3579:
3575:
3571:
3566:
3562:
3558:
3553:
3549:
3545:
3540:
3536:
3531:
3525:
3521:
3516:
3510:
3506:
3505:
3503:
3501:
3497:
3493:
3488:
3456:
3455:
3451:
3449:
3448:
3444:
3442:
3441:
3437:
3435:
3434:
3430:
3428:
3427:
3420:
3418:
3417:
3410:
3408:
3407:
3400:
3398:
3397:
3393:
3391:
3390:
3386:
3385:
3383:
3381:
3377:
3371:
3370:
3366:
3364:
3363:
3359:
3357:
3356:
3352:
3351:
3349:
3347:
3343:
3337:
3336:
3332:
3331:
3329:
3327:
3326:Micropsittini
3323:
3320:
3318:
3317:Psittaculinae
3314:
3308:
3307:
3303:
3302:
3300:
3298:
3294:
3284:
3283:
3279:
3277:
3276:
3272:
3270:
3269:
3265:
3263:
3262:
3258:
3256:
3255:
3251:
3249:
3248:
3244:
3242:
3241:
3237:
3235:
3234:
3230:
3228:
3227:
3223:
3221:
3220:
3216:
3215:
3213:
3211:
3207:
3201:
3200:
3196:
3194:
3193:
3189:
3187:
3186:
3182:
3181:
3179:
3177:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3167:Platycercinae
3164:
3154:
3153:
3152:Melopsittacus
3149:
3148:
3146:
3144:
3140:
3134:
3133:
3129:
3127:
3126:
3125:Trichoglossus
3122:
3120:
3119:
3115:
3113:
3112:
3108:
3106:
3105:
3101:
3099:
3098:
3094:
3092:
3091:
3087:
3085:
3084:
3083:Oreopsittacus
3080:
3078:
3077:
3073:
3071:
3070:
3066:
3064:
3063:
3059:
3057:
3056:
3052:
3050:
3049:
3045:
3043:
3042:
3038:
3036:
3035:
3031:
3029:
3028:
3024:
3022:
3021:
3017:
3015:
3014:
3010:
3008:
3007:
3003:
3002:
3000:
2998:
2994:
2988:
2987:
2983:
2981:
2980:
2976:
2975:
2973:
2971:
2970:Cyclopsittini
2967:
2964:
2962:
2958:
2952:
2951:
2947:
2945:
2944:
2940:
2938:
2937:
2933:
2932:
2930:
2928:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2918:Psittaculidae
2915:
2905:
2904:
2900:
2899:
2897:
2895:
2891:
2885:
2884:
2880:
2879:
2877:
2875:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2862:
2852:
2851:
2844:
2842:
2841:
2837:
2835:
2834:
2830:
2828:
2827:
2820:
2818:
2817:
2810:
2809:
2807:
2805:
2801:
2791:
2790:
2786:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2775:
2769:
2768:
2764:
2762:
2761:
2760:Rhynchopsitta
2757:
2755:
2754:
2750:
2748:
2747:
2743:
2741:
2740:
2736:
2734:
2733:
2732:Orthopsittaca
2729:
2727:
2726:
2722:
2720:
2719:
2715:
2713:
2712:
2708:
2706:
2705:
2701:
2699:
2698:
2694:
2692:
2691:
2687:
2685:
2684:
2680:
2678:
2677:
2673:
2671:
2670:
2663:
2661:
2660:
2656:
2654:
2653:
2649:
2647:
2646:
2645:Anodorhynchus
2642:
2641:
2639:
2637:
2633:
2627:
2626:
2622:
2620:
2619:
2615:
2613:
2612:
2608:
2606:
2605:
2601:
2599:
2598:
2594:
2592:
2591:
2587:
2585:
2584:
2580:
2579:
2577:
2575:
2574:Androglossini
2571:
2565:
2564:
2560:
2558:
2557:
2553:
2551:
2550:
2549:Nannopsittaca
2546:
2544:
2543:
2542:Bolborhynchus
2539:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2528:
2522:
2521:
2517:
2515:
2514:
2510:
2508:
2507:
2503:
2501:
2500:
2496:
2494:
2493:
2489:
2488:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2476:
2470:
2469:
2462:
2461:
2459:
2457:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2435:
2425:
2424:
2420:
2418:
2417:
2413:
2411:
2410:
2406:
2404:
2403:
2399:
2397:
2396:
2392:
2390:
2389:
2385:
2383:
2382:
2381:Callocephalon
2378:
2376:
2375:
2371:
2370:
2368:
2366:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2353:
2343:
2342:
2338:
2336:
2335:
2331:
2329:
2328:
2327:Nelepsittacus
2321:
2319:
2318:
2311:
2310:
2308:
2306:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2293:
2287:
2286:
2279:
2278:
2276:
2274:
2273:Namapsittidae
2270:
2264:
2263:
2256:
2255:
2253:
2251:
2247:
2243:
2239:
2234:
2230:
2213:
2212:
2211:
2210:
2208:
2206:
2202:
2196:
2195:
2191:
2189:
2188:
2184:
2182:
2181:
2177:
2176:
2174:
2172:
2165:
2159:
2158:
2154:
2151:
2150:
2146:
2145:
2143:
2141:
2134:
2128:
2127:
2123:
2121:
2120:
2116:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2103:
2097:
2096:
2092:
2090:
2089:
2088:Pulchrapollia
2085:
2083:
2082:
2078:
2076:
2075:
2071:
2069:
2068:
2064:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2051:
2039:
2038:Passeriformes
2035:
2034:
2033:
2032:
2030:
2028:
2027:Passeriformes
2024:
2018:
2017:
2013:
2011:
2010:
2006:
2004:
2003:
1999:
1997:
1996:
1992:
1991:
1989:
1987:
1980:
1974:
1973:
1966:
1965:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1953:
1947:
1946:
1942:
1940:
1939:
1938:Psittacomimus
1935:
1933:
1932:
1928:
1926:
1925:
1921:
1920:
1918:
1916:
1909:
1903:
1902:
1898:
1896:
1895:
1891:
1888:
1887:
1883:
1881:
1880:
1876:
1875:
1873:
1871:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1851:
1847:
1841:
1837:
1835:
1831:
1829:
1825:
1823:
1819:
1817:
1813:
1812:
1809:
1804:
1796:
1791:
1789:
1784:
1782:
1777:
1776:
1773:
1766:
1763:
1762:
1758:
1750:
1746:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1732:
1731:Deforestation
1727:
1724:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1701:
1694:
1691:
1687:
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1675:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1661:
1656:
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1646:
1633:
1629:
1625:
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1611:
1607:
1603:
1599:
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1591:
1584:
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1578:
1574:
1569:
1563:
1561:
1559:
1555:
1550:
1548:0-691-09251-6
1544:
1540:
1536:
1531:
1530:
1524:
1518:
1515:
1509:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1485:
1482:
1477:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1452:: 2141–2156.
1451:
1447:
1443:
1436:
1433:
1427:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1403:
1400:
1394:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1370:
1367:
1362:
1356:
1352:
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1335:
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1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1301:
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1277:
1273:
1267:
1265:
1261:
1256:
1250:
1246:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1229:
1228:
1223:
1217:
1214:
1209:
1208:
1203:
1197:
1194:
1189:
1188:
1183:
1177:
1174:
1169:
1165:
1162:(1765–1783).
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1143:
1140:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1121:
1118:
1113:
1112:
1107:
1101:
1098:
1093:
1092:
1087:
1081:
1078:
1073:
1072:
1067:
1063:
1057:
1054:
1049:
1048:
1043:
1037:
1034:
1029:
1023:
1019:
1018:
1010:
1007:
1002:
1001:
996:
990:
987:
982:
981:
976:
970:
967:
962:
958:
954:
948:
945:
932:
926:
923:
912:
908:
902:
899:
894:
890:
876:
872:
871:
866:
864:
858:
852:
850:
846:
839:
828:
825:
818:
814:
811:
809:
806:
805:
801:
792:
787:
784:
777:
772:
769:Golden Parrot
765:
760:
757:
750:
745:
742:
735:
730:
723:
718:
711:
706:
699:
694:
691:
684:
679:
672:
667:
662:
660:
656:
654:
649:
647:
643:
639:
638:deforestation
635:
631:
630:IUCN Red List
623:
621:
619:
615:
610:
608:
604:
600:
596:
591:
585:
581:
577:
570:
568:
566:
562:
561:
556:
552:
548:
540:
538:
536:
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
508:
506:
499:
497:
495:
491:
487:
486:
481:
476:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
450:
446:
441:
439:
436:
435:binomial name
432:
431:
427:
423:
422:
417:
416:Carl Linnaeus
413:
408:
406:
402:
398:
395:in 1713, and
394:
390:
386:
382:
381:
376:
372:
368:
367:Tupi language
364:
360:
356:
352:
344:
342:
340:
336:
332:
331:deforestation
328:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
304:
302:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
276:
271:
270:golden conure
267:
258:
257:
253:
248:
245:
241:
237:
232:
227:
221:
219:
213:
210:
209:Binomial name
206:
202:
201:
196:
193:
192:
187:
182:
181:
177:
174:
173:
170:
167:
164:
163:
160:
157:
154:
153:
150:
147:
144:
143:
140:
137:
134:
133:
130:
127:
124:
123:
120:
117:
114:
113:
110:
107:
104:
103:
98:
93:
89:
83:
77:
72:
66:
61:
50:
46:
41:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
3499:
3452:
3445:
3438:
3431:
3424:
3414:
3404:
3394:
3387:
3380:Psittaculini
3367:
3360:
3353:
3333:
3304:
3280:
3273:
3268:Psephotellus
3266:
3259:
3252:
3245:
3238:
3231:
3226:Cyanoramphus
3224:
3217:
3210:Platycercini
3197:
3192:Neopsephotus
3190:
3183:
3150:
3130:
3123:
3116:
3109:
3104:Psitteuteles
3102:
3095:
3088:
3081:
3076:Neopsittacus
3074:
3067:
3060:
3055:Glossoptilus
3053:
3048:Glossopsitta
3046:
3039:
3032:
3025:
3018:
3011:
3006:Chalcopsitta
3004:
2984:
2977:
2948:
2941:
2934:
2901:
2894:Coracopsinae
2881:
2874:Coracopsinae
2848:
2838:
2831:
2824:
2816:Bavaripsitta
2814:
2787:
2767:Thectocercus
2765:
2758:
2751:
2744:
2737:
2730:
2725:Ognorhynchus
2723:
2718:Leptosittaca
2716:
2709:
2702:
2697:Enicognathus
2695:
2688:
2681:
2674:
2667:
2657:
2650:
2643:
2623:
2616:
2609:
2602:
2595:
2588:
2583:Alipiopsitta
2581:
2561:
2556:Psilopsiagon
2554:
2547:
2540:
2518:
2511:
2504:
2497:
2490:
2466:
2455:
2438:Psittacoidea
2421:
2414:
2407:
2400:
2393:
2386:
2379:
2372:
2339:
2332:
2325:
2315:
2296:Strigopoidea
2283:
2260:
2249:
2192:
2185:
2178:
2171:Morsoravidae
2157:Quercypsitta
2155:
2147:
2124:
2117:
2093:
2086:
2079:
2072:
2065:
2016:Zygodactylus
2014:
2007:
2000:
1993:
1970:
1956:Parapasseres
1943:
1936:
1929:
1922:
1899:
1892:
1884:
1877:
1870:Vastanavidae
1745:
1726:
1715:the original
1710:
1706:
1693:
1674:
1660:Honolulu Zoo
1636:. Retrieved
1632:the original
1627:
1618:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1541:. Plate 74.
1535:Frank Knight
1528:
1517:
1498:
1494:
1484:
1449:
1445:
1435:
1416:
1412:
1402:
1383:
1379:
1369:
1350:
1343:
1314:
1310:
1300:
1288:. Retrieved
1283:
1243:
1233:
1226:
1222:Lesson, René
1216:
1206:
1196:
1186:
1176:
1167:
1142:
1133:
1120:
1110:
1100:
1090:
1080:
1070:
1056:
1046:
1036:
1016:
1009:
999:
989:
979:
969:
961:the original
947:
935:. Retrieved
925:
914:. Retrieved
910:
901:
878:. Retrieved
874:
868:
862:
827:
813:Sun parakeet
657:
650:
627:
611:
592:
588:
579:
558:
544:
527:Amazon River
512:
503:
489:
483:
479:
477:
464:
460:
448:
444:
442:
437:
428:
419:
409:
404:
384:
378:
370:
362:
358:
354:
348:
341:appendix I.
305:
299:
298:
288:Amazon Basin
279:
274:
273:
269:
265:
263:
255:
251:
250:
217:
215:
199:
198:
179:
178:
18:
3718:Neotropical
3666:iNaturalist
3524:Wikispecies
3454:Tanygnathus
3433:Prioniturus
3362:Aprosmictus
3335:Micropsitta
3306:Psittacella
3254:Platycercus
3233:Eunymphicus
3090:Parvipsitta
3013:Charminetta
2979:Cyclopsitta
2903:Psittrichas
2833:Poicephalus
2804:Psittacinae
2690:Diopsittaca
2683:Cyanopsitta
2676:Cyanoliseus
2604:Pionopsitta
2447:Psittacidae
2416:Probosciger
2356:Cacatuoidea
2305:Strigopidae
2214:See below ↓
2187:Pumiliornis
2119:Messelastur
1945:Psittacopes
1317:(1): 1–24.
1272:Gill, Frank
880:26 November
653:TucuruĂ Dam
500:Description
485:Diopsittaca
453:René Lesson
320:rainforests
312:common name
159:Psittacidae
3792:Categories
3770:Xeno-canto
3440:Psittacula
3416:Mascarinus
3396:Geoffroyus
3346:Polytelini
3247:Northiella
3219:Barnardius
3176:Pezoporini
3118:Synorhacma
3020:Charmosyna
2883:Coracopsis
2850:Xenopsitta
2746:Psittacara
2704:Eupsittula
2669:Conuropsis
2513:Myiopsitta
2492:Brotogeris
2402:Lophochroa
2365:Cacatuidae
2285:Namapsitta
2180:Morsoravis
2095:Serudaptus
2074:Halcyornis
2002:Primoscens
1972:Minutornis
1901:Vastanavis
1879:Avolatavis
1801:Genera of
1638:24 January
1234:livraisons
916:2022-01-14
840:References
642:aviculture
634:vulnerable
603:incubation
473:subspecies
385:Quiivbatvi
278:), or the
226:Gmelin, JF
78:Appendix I
60:Vulnerable
3803:Parakeets
3447:Psittinus
3369:Polytelis
3355:Alisterus
3275:Psephotus
3261:Prosopeia
3199:Pezoporus
3111:Saudareos
2950:Loriculus
2936:Agapornis
2840:Psittacus
2739:Primolius
2625:Triclaria
2499:Deroptyus
2409:Nymphicus
2194:Sororavis
2067:Cyrilavis
1886:Calcardea
1814:Kingdom:
1086:Ray, John
1066:Ray, John
911:cites.org
889:cite iucn
515:Tocantins
469:monotypic
430:Psittacus
391:in 1678,
371:GuarajĂşba
363:Guiarubas
359:Guiarubas
324:Amazonian
194:Species:
115:Kingdom:
109:Eukaryota
3697:22724703
3583:22724703
3578:BirdLife
3509:Wikidata
3389:Eclectus
3240:Lathamus
3185:Neophema
3097:Pseudeos
2961:Loriinae
2826:Khwenena
2753:Pyrrhura
2659:Aratinga
2520:Pionites
2395:Eolophus
2341:Strigops
2317:Heracles
1822:Chordata
1820:Phylum:
1816:Animalia
1734:Archived
1682:Archived
1663:Archived
1525:(2006).
1476:18653733
1224:(1830).
1184:(1788).
1128:(1779).
1108:(1760).
1088:(1713).
1064:(1678).
1044:(1648).
997:(1640).
977:(1633).
859:(2013).
802:See also
607:clutches
595:breeding
571:Breeding
535:MaranhĂŁo
517:, lower
461:Guarouba
393:John Ray
345:Taxonomy
335:flooding
244:Synonyms
155:Family:
129:Chordata
125:Phylum:
119:Animalia
105:Domain:
65:IUCN 3.1
3723:golpar3
3658:2480064
3632:golpar3
3606:golpar3
3565:Avibase
3515:Q775300
2997:Loriini
2779:Forpini
2711:Guaruba
2618:Pyrilia
2590:Amazona
2374:Cacatua
2126:Tynskya
1838:Clade:
1832:Clade:
1826:Class:
1803:parrots
1495:The Auk
1467:2727385
1380:The Auk
1311:Zootaxa
1290:12 June
1068:(ed.).
937:27 June
754:At the
663:Gallery
618:toucans
523:TapajĂłs
480:Guaruba
465:Guaruba
449:Guaruba
353:in his
316:remiges
308:plumage
300:Guaruba
228:, 1788)
180:Guaruba
175:Genus:
165:Tribe:
145:Order:
135:Class:
80: (
63: (
3749:416104
3684:714040
3645:311739
3596:172176
3552:ARKive
3069:Lorius
2789:Forpus
2611:Pionus
2479:Arinae
2334:Nestor
1545:
1474:
1464:
1357:
1251:
1024:
808:Conure
551:muruci
521:, and
327:Brazil
292:Brazil
188:, 1830
186:Lesson
3736:71544
3710:51906
3671:72901
3627:eBird
3619:3HJJM
3603:BOW:
2636:Arini
2563:Touit
2423:Zanda
1718:(PDF)
1703:(PDF)
957:CITES
819:Notes
646:pests
565:maize
547:mango
519:Xingu
471:: no
426:genus
339:CITES
296:genus
169:Arini
82:CITES
76:CITES
3762:7788
3705:NCBI
3692:IUCN
3679:ITIS
3653:GBIF
3591:BOLD
3132:Vini
2036:See
1828:Aves
1640:2007
1543:ISBN
1472:PMID
1355:ISBN
1315:2085
1292:2022
1249:ISBN
1022:ISBN
939:2023
893:help
882:2013
875:2013
614:down
599:eggs
584:MHNT
555:açai
553:and
531:Pará
482:and
333:and
306:Its
264:The
139:Aves
3757:TSA
3640:EoL
3614:CoL
3539:ADW
3041:Eos
2652:Ara
1606:doi
1503:doi
1499:129
1462:PMC
1454:doi
1421:doi
1388:doi
1384:121
1319:doi
781:At
739:At
632:as
496:).
492:, (
440:.
418:'s
322:in
268:or
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3772::
3759::
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3593::
3580::
3567::
3554::
3541::
3526::
3511::
1711:19
1709:.
1705:.
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