80:
646:, March 27, 1836, Portilla had between 425 and 445 Texians marched from Fort Defiance in three columns on the Bexar Road, San Patricio Road, and the Victoria Road, between two rows of Mexican soldiers. The sick and injured stayed in the chapel. The ones marching out of the fort were told they were gathering wood and other supplies and they believed they would be freed soon. The Mexicans forced them to turn facing away from the soldiers, confused, the Texian rebels were shot point blank. Wounded survivors were clubbed and knifed to death. The sick and injured in the chapel were killed in their beds and shot against the chapel walls. Forty Texians were unable to walk. Thirty-nine were killed inside the fort under the direction of Captain
639:
clemency for the
Texians. Under a decree that Santa Anna had pushed for, and which was passed by the Mexican Congress on December 30, 1835, armed foreigners taken in combat were to be treated as pirates and executed. Urrea wrote in his diary that he "...wished to elude these orders as far as possible without compromising my personal responsibility." Santa Anna responded to this entreaty by repeatedly ordering Urrea to comply with the law and execute the prisoners. He also had a similar order sent directly to the "Officer Commanding the Post of Goliad". This order was received by Portilla on March 26, who decided it was his duty to comply, despite receiving a countermanding order from Urrea later that same day.
593:, were surrounded by Urrea's force. Although Ward and his men fled that night during a blinding rainstorm, the Mexicans overtook part of Ward's force, killing 18 and capturing 31. King and a group were executed on March 16 at Refugio. After capturing one of Fannin's messengers, who was carrying dispatches that told of the commander's plan to wait at Goliad and retreat after King and Ward returned, Urrea ordered the execution of 30 prisoners who he decided were mercenaries. He freed more than 20 others who he determined to be Mexicans or colonists, so he would not be hindered by taking prisoners along on his advance on Fannin's force.
686:
566:. Urrea's force killed 16 men and took 24 prisoners. Johnson and four others escaped in the darkness and rejoined Fannin's command at Goliad, where they said that all the prisoners had been executed. They had first given this account at a ranch where they had taken refuge after the escape. Urrea had sent 18 of the 24 prisoners to Matamoros, where they were sentenced to death, but later released. Johnson's news persuaded Fannin to abandon any further attempt to send relief to the
654:. Fannin was the last to be executed, after seeing his men killed. He was taken by Mexican soldiers to the courtyard in front of the chapel, blindfolded, and seated in a chair. He made three requests: that his personal possessions be sent to his family, to be shot in the heart and not the face, and to be given a Christian burial. The soldiers took his belongings, shot him in the face, and burned his body along with those of the other Texians killed that day.
631:
101:
510:
108:
600:
ensued, with the
Texians holding their own on the first day. The Mexicans received overwhelming reinforcements and heavy artillery. In this critical predicament, Fannin and the majority of the men voted to surrender the Texian forces on March 20. Led to believe that they would be paroled and released
638:
The
Mexicans took the Texians back to Goliad, where they were held as prisoners at Fort Defiance (Presidio La Bahia). The Texians thought they would likely be set free in a few weeks. Urrea departed Goliad, leaving Colonel José Nicolás de la Portilla in command. Urrea wrote to Santa Anna to ask for
697:. After the executions, the Texians' bodies were piled and burned. Their charred remains were left in the open, unburied, and exposed to vultures and coyotes. Nearly one month later, word reached La Bahia (Goliad) that Santa Anna had been defeated and had surrendered while trying to flee at the
677:. Spared men were given white arm bands and, while wearing them, could walk about freely. They were advised not to take off the arm band, since Mexican troops were hunting for those few who had escaped from Coleto, Victoria, and the massacre itself.
493:(known as the "Angel of Goliad"), 20 more men were spared to act as doctors, interpreters, or workers. Also spared were the 75 soldiers of the Miller and Nashville Battalion, who were given white arm bands. Among those killed were commanders Colonel
605:
and his company had been acting as the advance and rear guards for Fannin's company. Surprised by an overwhelming
Mexican force, most were chased off and escaped, but 18 were captured and marched back to Goliad. The 75 soldiers of
705:
found the remains of the massacre victims in June 1836 and gave orders for a formal military funeral. The remains were interred at a location southeast of the
Presidio la Bahia. This has since been preserved and designated as the
673:(known as the "Angel of Goliad"), 20 more men, including Shackelford, were spared to act as doctors, interpreters, or workers. Also spared were the 75 soldiers of Miller and the Nashville Battalion. They were later marched to
661:, who later wrote an account of the massacre; William Lockhart Hunter, also of the New Orleans Greys, who survived despite being bayoneted and clubbed with a musket; and four members of Shackelford's Red Rovers:
531:, he sent General Urrea to march north along the coast of Texas to stop them. Urrea arrived in Matamoros and worked to secure cooperation from the local inhabitants on January 31, 1836. Meanwhile, General
325:
248:
581:, Grant was killed, as were about 20 other men under his command. On March 6, the Mexican force under Santa Anna stormed the Alamo and killed the garrison. On March 14, Colonel
1430:
79:
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489:, who later wrote an account of the massacre; William Lockhart Hunter survived despite being bayoneted and clubbed with a musket. Because of the intervention of
710:. The location of the gravesite was forgotten until years later, when human bone fragments were discovered by a group of boys. The massacre is commemorated in
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318:
471:. The men surrendered under the belief they would be set free within a few weeks; however, this was not to be. Despite appeals for clemency by General
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On March 19, Urrea had quickly advanced and surrounded 300 men of the Texian Army on the open prairie, near La Bahia (Goliad). The two-day
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with 188 cavalry and 205 infantry. He recruited about 200 Tejano volunteers from the area, including some previously sympathetic to the
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100:
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The Alamo and the Texas War of
Independence, September 30, 1835 to April 21, 1836: Heroes, Myths, and History
860:
The Alamo and the Texas War of
Independence, September 30, 1835 to April 21, 1836: Heroes, Myths, and History
1410:
607:
416:
364:
634:
Fannin
Memorial Monument marks the location where the Texians from the Goliad Massacre were finally buried.
1233:"Goliad State Park & Historic Site Goliad Area Historic Sites – Texas Parks & Wildlife Department"
970:
Long, 1990, p. 280 states that Ward and 120 men from his
Georgia Battalion were captured by Urrea's force.
685:
611:
563:
384:
272:
475:, the massacre was carried out by Lt. Colonel José Nicolás de la Portilla, under orders from General and
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and the
Nashville Battalion were captured on March 20 and marched to Goliad on March 23. On March 22,
543:, to give up on the expedition and to defend locations in Texas, principally Goliad. On February 12,
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The entire Texian force was killed, except for 28 men who feigned death and escaped. Among these was
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The entire Texian force was killed, except for 28 men who feigned death and escaped. Among these was
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574:; he prepared the Presidio La Bahía at Goliad for defense against the advancing Mexican Army.
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into the United States, they were returned to the fort at Goliad, now their prison.
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999:), accessed February 02, 2012. Published by the Texas State Historical Association.
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711:
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and the Georgia Battalion (80 men plus Ward) surrendered after escaping from the
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1143:), accessed April 03, 2011. Published by the Texas State Historical Association.
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643:
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517:
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952:), accessed June 09, 2011. Published by the Texas State Historical Association.
17:
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O'Connor (1966), pp. 147–148 gives the number of men killed with Grant as 11.
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146:
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34:
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as laborers, but 55 of the prisoners were marched into Goliad on March 25.
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After Santa Anna learned that a force of Texas rebels was heading toward
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226:
689:
Historical Marker at Fannin Memorial Monument – La Bahia, Texas
307:
230:
720:, section 34. This is featured in his collected poems titled
650:
of the Tres Villas battalion, with Colonel Garay saving one,
781:, Denton: Texas State Historical Association, p. 70,
1282:
Texian Iliad – A Military History of the Texas Revolution
991:
Harbert Davenport and Craig H. Roell, "GOLIAD MASSACRE,"
1314:
Duel of Eagles: The Mexican and U.S. Fight for the Alamo
1141:
http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fmi30
997:
http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/qeg02
950:
http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fho62
535:
had persuaded all but 70 to 100 men and their leaders,
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National Historic Site where soldiers of the defeated
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The Goliad massacre contributed to the frenzy of the
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or to try to secure badly needed supplies waiting at
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sculpture and the names of the men who were killed.
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136:
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64:
1359:. Denton, TX: Texas State Historical Association.
1311:
944:Matthew Ellenberger, "Horton, Albert Clinton,"
585:and 200 men, who had been sent to help Captain
443:that occurred on March 27, 1836, following the
497:(of the Coleto battle) and Lieutenant Colonel
1318:. New York: William Morrow and Company, Inc.
734:was erected at the gravesite. It features an
551:at Goliad, which he renamed "Fort Defiance".
319:
242:
8:
1340:. New York: Da Capo Press (published 1994).
931:
929:
927:
1135:Craig H. Roell, "MILLER, WILLIAM PARSONS,"
665:, Zachariah S. Brooks, Wilson Simpson, and
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1284:. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press.
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1262:The Mexican Side of the Texas Revolution
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520:were executed en masse by forces of the
1431:Battles involving the Republic of Texas
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107:
1451:19th-century prisoner of war massacres
751:List of massacres in the United States
7:
1374:Davenport, Harbert; Roell, Craig H.
1040:Long, 1990, pp. 284, 287–l290, 401.
1441:Massacres in the Republic of Texas
1357:Matamoros and the Texas Revolution
1102:HAMILTON, LESTER (June 15, 2010).
779:Matamoros and the Texas Revolution
554:On February 16, Urrea crossed the
27:1836 event of the Texas Revolution
25:
1050:ROELL, CRAIG H. (June 15, 2010).
618:. About 26 men were retained at
106:
99:
547:took most of the men to defend
866:(published 1994), p. 94,
1:
1446:Massacres committed by Mexico
1406:1836 in the Republic of Texas
522:Centralist Republic of Mexico
810:Roell (2013), pp. 4, 76, 82.
480:Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna
1467:
1378:. Handbook of Texas Online
1164:Long, (1990), pp. 309–318.
1052:"HUNTER, WILLIAM LOCKHART"
903:Long (1990), pp. 273–274.
894:Nofi (1994), pp. 107–123.
501:(of the Refugio battle).
345:
268:
95:
77:
69:
1355:Roell, Craig H. (2013).
1264:. Texas: Graphic Ideas.
1260:Castaneda, H.W. (1970).
1137:Handbook of Texas Online
993:Handbook of Texas Online
961:Castaneda (1970), p. 19.
946:Handbook of Texas Online
777:Roell, Craig H. (2013),
728:Fannin Memorial Monument
708:Fannin Memorial Monument
115:Goliad massacre (Texas)
1126:Hardin (1994), p. 237.
690:
635:
608:William Parsons Miller
589:evacuate colonists at
564:Battle of San Patricio
524:
1219:Thayer & Eldridge
1031:Hardin (1994), p. 174
935:Hardin (1994), p. 173
699:Battle of San Jacinto
688:
633:
603:Albert Clinton Horton
512:
463:were executed by the
1426:Goliad County, Texas
1175:"Massacre at Goliad"
1155:Long (1990), p. 286.
1104:"HAMILTON, ISAAC D."
1022:Long (1990), p. 285.
1008:Long (1990), p. 284.
982:Long (1990), p. 280.
921:Long (1990), p. 278.
912:Long (1990), p. 274.
836:Long (1990), p. 201.
822:Roell (2013), p. 71.
801:Roell (2013), p. 64.
579:Battle of Agua Dulce
439:was an event of the
845:Nofi (1994), p. 95.
577:On March 2, at the
477:President of Mexico
350:San Felipe Incident
160:28.6476°N 97.3830°W
156: /
48:28.6476°N 97.3830°W
44: /
1278:Hardin, Stephen L.
691:
636:
525:
89:Norman Mills Price
1421:Massacres in 1836
1416:March 1836 events
1401:Conflicts in 1836
1376:"GOLIAD MASSACRE"
1366:978-0-87611-260-1
1347:978-0-938289-10-4
1325:978-0-688-07252-0
1077:"COOPER, DILLARD"
873:978-0-938289-10-4
788:978-0-87611-260-1
667:Isaac D. Hamilton
616:Battle of Refugio
549:Presidio La Bahía
514:Presidio La Bahía
461:Republic of Texas
445:Battle of Refugio
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225:
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165:28.6476; -97.3830
85:Goliad Executions
53:28.6476; -97.3830
16:(Redirected from
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1336:(May 21, 1992).
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1382:November 27,
1380:. Retrieved
1356:
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1187:. Retrieved
1183:the original
1179:www.tamu.edu
1178:
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732:Raoul Josset
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612:William Ward
595:
587:Amon B. King
583:William Ward
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499:William Ward
495:James Fannin
484:
465:Mexican Army
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385:San Patricio
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273:San Patricio
220:Mexican Army
216:Perpetrators
84:
70:Part of the
29:
644:Palm Sunday
541:James Grant
533:Sam Houston
518:Texian Army
457:Texian Army
423:San Jacinto
375:Grass Fight
370:Lipantitlán
209:Texian Army
190:Fusillading
185:Attack type
163: /
138:Coordinates
51: /
1395:Categories
1308:Long, Jeff
1270:B003M0PG1S
1254:References
701:. General
556:Rio Grande
505:Background
451:; 425–445
390:Agua Dulce
365:Concepción
278:Agua Dulce
151:97°22′59″W
148:28°38′51″N
39:97°22′59″W
36:28°38′51″N
1189:March 29,
1112:March 11,
1087:March 11,
1061:March 11,
756:War crime
681:Aftermath
675:Matamoros
572:Matagorda
529:Matamoros
455:from the
417:Matamoros
396:The Alamo
211:prisoners
1310:(1990).
1300:29704011
1280:(1994).
1242:March 7,
1207:(1860).
745:See also
736:art deco
714:'s poem
626:Massacre
620:Victoria
447:and the
355:Gonzales
207:425–445
198:stabbing
123:Location
591:Refugio
560:Texians
459:of the
402:Refugio
283:Refugio
194:assault
1363:
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1298:
1288:
1268:
1215:Boston
870:
785:
739:relief
545:Fannin
407:Coleto
360:Goliad
288:Coleto
204:Deaths
127:Goliad
762:Notes
568:Alamo
380:Béxar
1384:2010
1361:ISBN
1342:ISBN
1320:ISBN
1296:OCLC
1286:ISBN
1266:ASIN
1244:2018
1191:2016
1114:2019
1089:2019
1063:2019
868:ISBN
783:ISBN
539:and
435:The
196:and
176:Date
730:by
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327:e
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