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271:' or 'Pattada Gombe', usually made of sandalwood, teak or rosewood or dried coconut and decorated with new clothes each year before being displayed on the golu. In southern India, bride is presented with 'Marapacchi Bommai' during the wedding by her parents as part of wedding trousseau to initiate the yearly tradition of 'Navaratri golu' in her new home with her husband. These dolls come as couples dressed in their wedding attire, depicting husband and wife symbolizing prosperity and fertility and the start of the bride's golu collection. Display figurines are passed on from one generation to another as heirloom, and are often several generations old. In the old
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599:) in Karnataka, which are two other localities known for their equally sought-after craftsmanship of wooden figurines and toys to decorate doll courts. It has also been an excellent outlet for many communities of artisans in southern India, who had more difficulty making a living from their expertise, which was less sought after in an industrialised society. Such as in Vilacheri in Tamil Nadu, where local potters, who notably made
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622:. Like the Golu, the practice of the Christmas Crib was for a long time limited to the wealthy social strata of South Indian Christians (and to the churches). With urbanisation and the spread of cultural practices and consumption patterns hitherto restricted to the affluent social classes, demand for Christmas crib figures has risen sharply. This demand is also satisfied by the craftsmen who make Golu figurines.
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335:, one of the doll from the display is symbolically put to sleep, and the Kalasha is moved a bit towards North to mark the end of that year's Navaratri golu display. Prayers are offered to thank deities for the successful completion of that year's Navaratri festival and with hope of a successful one the next year. Then the steps are dismantled and the dolls are packed up for the next year.
143:(tiers or steps) to tell a story. Goddess-related themes are common, along with developments such as anticipated wedding within the family and of friends. During the golu display season, families and neighbors visit each other with gifts to view and chit-chat over the golu display, share festive foods, and sometimes play music or sing devotional songs together. Major
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487:(a certain number of whose households do not have this practice, which is told to be "absent from their habits"), but real when about the Hindu bourgeoisie of 20th century Madras (composed with a significant proportion of Brahmins). Since then, golu has experienced a continuous and even wider diffusion, particularly in line with logic of
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among the urban middle and working classes. Many major temples in the state organize exhibitions of golus, and many public places and communities now install them. However, golu is still far from being a systematic feature in Tamil Nadu households, with the practice yet to become a part of the habits
418:
Bommala koluvu has become an element of South Indian ethos, especially of the heir states of the
Vijayanagara and Nayak era (Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu). The association of Navaratri with the celebration of kingship and power during the Vijayanagara period, resulted in many festivities
400:(సంక్రాంతి బొమ్మల కొలువు) in Telugu. This custom is explained by the fact that Navaratri is a period which occurs four times during the year, one per season, including the Magha Gupta Navaratri (or Winter Navaratri). In present-day Tamil Nadu, there is also a rare tradition of installing the golu at
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The dolls are predominantly displayed with depictions from Hindu mythological texts, court life, royal procession, ratha yatra, weddings, baby showers, everyday scenes, miniature kitchen utensils, anything a little girl would have played with. It is a traditional practice to have wooden figurines of
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Golu also has a significant connection with the agricultural and handicrafts professions in India. Besides the economic aspect of the festival, it is an important occasion for socializing. During this season relatives and friends in south India make it a point to visit each other's homes. This is
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With its modern introduction in a context far removed from the monarchy, the practice of Golu took on a purely religious dimension in Tamil Nadu, where Koluvu has no apparent links with royalty, and is rather a miniature reproduction of the world, of the totality, and its consecration to the
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However, it was not until the end of the 19th century that golu spread among the commoner population far from the royal courts and their influence. This diffusion occurred independently of these royal courts and regions, from the
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Each displayed item in a golu display is sometimes called a golu doll or equivalent. These are typically made by rural artisans from clay and wooden materials then brightly painted. They are generally arranged in an odd number of
371:, established its prestige among its subjects and beyond borders, and legitimized the exercise of its power. It is these very opulent celebrations that influenced the practice of golu in the households of the southern
247:) (usually 3, 5, 7, 9, or 11), set up using wooden planks. After the steps have been covered with fabric it is then adorned with various dolls, figurines and toys according to their size, with the deities at the top.
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communities of the city. As a result, golu has long been associated with the affluent high and upper middle classes people of urban and upper castes. A socio-cultural marker wrongly presented as exclusive to
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The votive practice of golu among the Hindus of Tamil Nadu is also noteworthy. Many people, who sometimes don't install a golu at home, offer particular figurines or entire sets of golu to temples as
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179:. It is a part of the annual Dasara-Vijayadasami Hindu festival where young girls and women display dolls, figurine, court life, everyday scenes along with the divine presence of the goddesses
1278:
Wilson, Nicole A. (2018). "Kolus, caste, and class: Navarātri as a site for ritual and social change in urban South India". In
Simmons, Caleb; Sen, Moumita; Rodrigues, Hillary Peter (eds.).
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also a very important occasion that promotes creative expression for women and for the family to work together on an aesthetic aspect. These days, the golu dolls are made from either
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Narayanan, Vasudha (2018). "Royal Darbār and domestic kolus: social order, creation, procreation, and re-creation". In
Simmons, Caleb; Sen, Moumita; Rodrigues, Hillary Peter (eds.).
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In relation to the practice of Golu at the Court of
Tanjore, there was a royal patronage of arts and crafts, including pottery and clay work, which notably enabled the creation of
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In the evenings, women within the neighborhood invite each other to visit their homes to view the golu displays; they also exchange gifts and sweets. A
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of many, and more common in some communities households. A socio-cultural characteristic of golu practice which is not found in
Karnataka.
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Ilkama, Ina Marie Lunde (2022). ""This is not a Home, it is a Temple" : Creative Agency in
Navarattitri Kolu". In Hüsken, Ute (ed.).
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The practice of golu appeared in current day
Karnataka, where it is closely associated with the royal Navaratri celebrations under the
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275:, 'Pattada Gombe' is also believed to be a tribute to the kings of the Wodeyar dynasty who ruled of the region for around 600 years.
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is the festive display of dolls and figurines in South India during the autumn festive season, particularly around the multiday
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In some parts of Andhra
Pradesh, there is a still followed tradition of displaying a golu also during the celebrations of
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considering the need to cater to the younger audience. Some people use collapsible steps, which are easy to install.
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was finally destroyed by Durga. It is regarded to mark a new and prosperous beginning. Later, on the evening of
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Prasad, Leela (2003). "Goddesses (Hindu)". In Claus, Peter J.; Diamond, Sarah; Mills, Margaret Ann (eds.).
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South Asian
Folklore: An Encyclopedia : Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka
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South Asian folklore: an encyclopedia: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka
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to court life, weddings, everyday scenes, and miniature kitchen utensils. They are also known as
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Hüsken, Ute; Narayanan, Vasudha; Zotter, Astrid, eds. (2021). "Limits of
Creativity :
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In Tamil Nadu, the exhibition of golu is an attested practice at the court of the kings of
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who migrated to the region from the 18th century, and adopted local cultural aspects.
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which is performed by an elderly male or female of the family at an auspicious time (
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states, who spread it in Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu. The Navaratri, then called
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In Tamil Nadu, the growth of the practice of Golu also accompanied that of the
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Laughter, creativity, and perseverance: female agency in Buddhism and Hinduism
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Trader with mask showing COVID-19 safety in Golu display, Melbourne, Australia
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Traditional bride and groom dolls made from dry coconut at homes, Karnataka.
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golu is said to have featured figurines representing up to 18 different
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A Bommala Koluvu dolls display at a Telugu household in the early 1950s.
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Hindus of Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and few parts of Kerala
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Navarathri celebrations: Meenakshi temple golu display steals the show
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or dancer lady with bobbling head), which appeared under the reign of
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which are still perpetuated. These related celebrations include the
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Nine nights of the goddess: the Navarātri festival in South Asia
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Nine nights of the goddess: the Navarātri festival in South Asia
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and a stall for the sale of painted figures. A painting of the
1370:. AAR religion, culture, and history series. New York (N.Y.):
1244:(2nd ed.). Chennai (Madras): Notion Press. p. 199.
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Claus, Peter J.; Diamond, Sarah; Mills, Margaret Ann (2003).
1435:"Vilachery dolls: a colourful tradition lives on in Madurai"
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means court of toys and Gombe Habba means doll festival in
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Navarathri golu / golu Dolls Showcase and Display - Photos
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monarchy, during which the golu likely appeared, then the
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South Indian wedding set up in Golu, Melbourne, Australia
548:. Some dolls also depict various freedom fighters of the
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Toying with God: The World of Religious Games and Dolls
791:) portrayed in Golu, Melbourne, Australia. From Left:-
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Religions in Play: Games, Rituals, and Virtual Worlds
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Narayanan, Vasudha (2015). Jacobsen, Knut A. (ed.).
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Narayanan, Vasudha (2015). Jacobsen, Knut A. (ed.).
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puja, a welcoming ritual is performed for goddesses
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in the Tamil, Kannada, and Telugu households during
975:Bado-Fralick, Nikki; Norris, Rebecca Sachs (2010).
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Temple village Golu display in Melbourne, Australia
575:and are today commonly exhibited in golus. Beyond
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1077:Crowds throng Madurai Meenakshi temple for 'golu'
1017:. Theologischer Verlag Zürich. pp. 188–194.
1324:in Brahmin Vaiṣṇava Households in Kāñchipuram".
839:Temple and village in Golu, Melbourne, Australia
254:Traditional golu Display in Melbourne, Australia
155:, arrange elaborate golu displays each year for
1327:Nine nights of power: durgā, dolls, and darbārs
1282:. SUNY series in Hindu studies. Albany (N.Y.):
1122:. SUNY series in Hindu studies. Albany (N.Y.):
302:and finally, the last 3 days are dedicated to
8:
981:. Baylor University Press. pp. 35–36.
1199:Subramanian, Archana (22 September 2017).
954:. Taylor & Francis. pp. 443–444.
282:lamp is lit, in the middle of a decorated
35:
20:
1240:Bhosle, Pratap Sinh Serfoji Raje (2017).
262:7 Steps Golu in Melbourne, Australia 2023
171:means doll decoration. Bommala Koluvu in
68:Story telling with dolls, family visiting
1406:Routledge Handbook of Contemporary India
1330:. SUNY series in Hindu studies. Albany:
1242:Contributions of Thanjavur Maratha kings
1041:Routledge Handbook of Contemporary India
647:Golu kalasam in Melbourne Australia 2023
1011:Bornet, Philippe; Burger, Maya (2012).
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313:, special pujas are offered to goddess
931:Unique, artistic, creative: Kolu plans
885:) set up in Golu, Melbourne, Australia
267:the bride and groom together, called '
27:Telugu: Bommala Koluvu (బొమ్మల కొలువు)
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1433:Jayashree, R. (29 September 2022).
394:(in January), which takes the name
1284:State University of New York Press
1124:State University of New York Press
748:A dancing Golu doll from Thanjavur
531:, made by Shiva Dayal Lal in 1870.
500:, from whom protection is sought.
290:are chanted. After performing the
29:Kannada: Bombe Habba (ಗೊಂಬೆ ಹಬ್ಬ)
14:
1067:, The Times of India (6 Oct 2016)
567:(the best known is the Tanjorean
16:Festive display of dolls in India
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25:Tamil: Bommai Golu (பொம்மை கொலு)
1409:. Routledge. pp. 341–342.
111:(Dussehra, Dasara) festival of
1089:Gods and gopurams in full glow
729:Display of Navarathri Golu in
1:
591:series) in Andhra Pradesh or
286:, while devotional hymns and
1508:Religious festivals in India
1091:, The Hindu (1 October 2014)
1079:, The Hindu (6 October 2013)
933:, The Hindu (6 October 2012)
705:in seven steps in Tamil Nadu
550:Indian Independence Movement
587:, known peculiarly for its
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1534:
1044:. Routledge. p. 342.
231:by a Hindu ritual called
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689:Navarathri Golu display.
397:saṅkrānti bommala koluvu
41:Dasara dolls arrangement
1372:Oxford University Press
408:. A small community of
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552:and characters like
423:or the Navaratri of
211:On the first day of
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674:Navarathri Golu in
451:or social groups.
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1475:Media related to
1416:978-1-317-40358-6
1381:978-0-19-760372-7
1341:978-1-4384-8407-5
1293:978-1-4384-7069-6
1201:"STEPS of wonder"
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1133:978-1-4384-7069-6
1051:978-1-317-40358-6
1024:978-3-290-22010-5
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542:paper mache
460:bourgeoisie
441:Pudukkottai
329:Mahishasura
199:Description
125:Gombe Habba
65:Observances
1492:Categories
1452:8 November
1390:1355505646
1350:1194959700
1332:SUNY Press
1302:1038021861
1260:1030778138
1220:6 November
1142:1038021861
918:References
813:Swamimalai
676:Tamil Nadu
601:terracotta
589:Dasavatara
581:Kondapalli
573:Serfoji II
554:Spider-Man
527:School of
431:Tamil Nadu
404:among the
365:Mahanavami
117:Hindu text
1447:0971-751X
1439:The Hindu
1215:0971-751X
1206:The Hindu
1163:Routledge
897:Navaratri
809:Tiruttani
735:Australia
731:Melbourne
577:Thanjavur
464:Chettiars
457:Madrasian
406:Khedawals
379:(see the
315:Saraswati
304:Saraswati
221:Saraswati
213:Navaratri
193:Navaratri
181:Saraswati
163:Etymology
157:Navaratri
109:Navaratri
97:Navaratri
1181:49276478
891:See also
660:Kailasam
603:horses (
558:Superman
476:Canarese
472:Iyengars
413:Brahmins
410:Gujarati
361:Polygars
237:muhurtam
217:Ganapati
113:Hinduism
77:Mahalaya
789:Murugan
634:Gallery
613:Panruti
609:Ayyanar
546:Madurai
437:Tanjore
369:vassals
357:Nayakas
339:History
300:Lakshmi
288:shlokas
284:rangoli
229:Lakshmi
189:Lakshmi
185:Parvati
177:Kannada
153:Madurai
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521:potter
480:Telugu
449:castes
443:. The
425:Ramnad
377:Durbar
373:Deccan
227:, and
173:Telugu
73:Begins
525:Patna
468:Iyers
385:Hampi
326:asura
296:Durga
225:Durga
169:Tamil
141:padis
59:Hindu
1477:Golu
1454:2023
1443:ISSN
1411:ISBN
1386:OCLC
1376:ISBN
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1336:ISBN
1322:Kolu
1298:OCLC
1288:ISBN
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1222:2023
1211:ISSN
1177:OCLC
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556:and
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241:golu
187:and
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105:Golu
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