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686:. Their diet is composed of a range from 92 to 98% of Crustacea. A minor part of their diet is made up of opportunistic encounters with smaller fish. Brislemouths that consume fish prey are found in individuals ranging from 70 mm to 75 mm. Bristlemouths do not have seasonal trends when it comes to their feeding habits.
387:
Bristlemouths are extremely small, measuring on average 7.5 centimetres (3.0 in). Bristlemouths have elongated bodies, small eyes, short snouts, large mouths, and large jaws. The position of the dorsal fin begins in line with the anal fin. The difference between bristlemouths species is found in
383:
Bristlemouths have large jaws that are capable of catching prey larger than themselves. The length of the S. glarisianus's (a species of
Bristlemouth) lower jaw is equaled to 70% of the entire length of their head. The lower jaw of the Bristlemouths is not functional in terms of masticating their
367:
aligned along the undersides of their heads or bodies. Their chief common name, bristlemouth, comes from their odd, equally sized, and bristle-like teeth. They are typically black in color which provides camouflage from predators in deep, dark waters. They mainly feed on zooplankton and small
712:
for different outcomes. Some rely on it to find prey while others use it to avoid predation. However, the most common way that their bioluminescence is used is to signal between fish in the same way people "dance or wear bright colors at the nightclub."
693:, therefore migrating closer to the surface waters in the nighttime in order to find more food. Out of the thirteen bristlemouth species, eight have been found near the surface therefore explaining their
399:. Bristlemouths contain a pineal organ which functions to detect slow changing ambient light. This allows the Bristlemouth to have control over its circadian clock and seasonal behavior.
526:. They are typically about 3 inches long and found usually at depths exceeding 1000 feet. This genus is thought to contain more individuals than any other vertebrate genus.
1485:
1524:
380:, therefore a male first hermaphrodite. They begin their lives as males and some of them switch to female. Male bristlemouths are smaller than females.
1619:
1459:
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waters. They have elongated bodies from 2 to 30 cm (0.79 to 11.81 in) in length. They have a number of green or red light-producing
1624:
1014:
769:
1233:
1586:
908:"Fossil bristlemouth Cyclothone mukhachevae sp. nov. (Stomiiformes: Gonostomatidae) from the Neogene of western Sakhalin, Russia"
792:"Aspects of the ecology of the mesopelagic fish Gonostoma elongatum(Gonostomatidae, Stomiiformes) in the eastern Gulf of Mexico"
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1511:
822:
733:
139:
1420:
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861:"Feeding habits of the Oligocene bristlemouth fish Scopeloides glarisianus (Teleostei: Stomiiformes: Gonostomatidae)"
309:. However, bristlemouths make up for their lack of diversity with relative abundance, numbering in the hundreds of
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116:
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There is only one described species in this genus. It grows to a length of 7.2 centimetres (2.8 in)
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There is only one described species in this genus. It grows to a length of 36 centimetres (14 in)
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Bristlemouths are able to efficiently capture their prey due to their bioluminescent nature.
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323:(with 13 species) is thought to be one of the most abundant vertebrate genera in the world.
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Gaither, Michelle R; Bowen, Brian W; Rocha, Luiz A; Briggs, John C (September 2016).
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prey. It is therefore hypothesized that they swallow their prey tail first.
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1302:"The world's oceans have way more light producing fish than we imagined"
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size. For the majority of the species, the morphology remains the same.
859:
Přikryl, Tomáš; Prokofiev, Artém M.; Krzemiński, Wiesław (2012-07-01).
618:
395:
Bristlemouths are mostly dark in pigmentation but at times can display
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261:
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71:
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962:
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161:
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1341:
1259:"Fishes that rule the world: circumtropical distributions revisited"
708:
Bristlemouths are light emitting fish. Bristlemouths rely on their
1573:
302:
1070:(2nd ed.). London: Reader's Digest Association. p. 60.
1345:
760:
Fink, William L. (1998). Paxton, J.R.; Eschmeyer, W.N. (eds.).
1451:
963:"Pineal organs of deep-sea fish: photopigments and structure"
19:"Bristlemouth" redirects here. This name is also used for
799:
Department of Marine
Ecology, University of South Florida
402:
Due to the small size of the fish, they are easy prey to
823:"An Ocean Mystery in the Trillions (Published 2015)"
1354:
326:The fossil record of this family dates back to the
441:Some classifications include species in the genus
445:, but these are junior synonyms of the species
8:
1342:
764:. San Diego: Academic Press. p. 121.
341:in 1958. The fish are mostly found in the
333:. Living bristlemouths were discovered by
107:
27:
1282:
978:
674:Bristlemouth specimen showing jaw length.
669:
451:
418:Some classifications include the genera
388:the intensity of their pigmentation and
721:
1296:
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790:Lancraft, Thomas (November 10, 1988).
854:
852:
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785:
783:
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368:crustaceans due to their small size.
7:
1579:AC642D14-3A47-FFC5-34F2-FE1ED9C02F74
1540:797ae245-81ec-452f-9371-96ee2460ed82
816:
814:
812:
727:
725:
337:in the early 1930s and described by
734:"An Ocean Mystery in the Trillions"
732:Broad, William J. (June 29, 2015).
14:
1620:Extant Miocene first appearances
821:Broad, William J. (2015-06-29).
627:
604:
563:
540:
506:
478:
138:
967:Journal of Experimental Biology
961:Bowmaker, J. K. (2004-06-15).
906:Nazarkin, M. V. (2015-03-01).
434:in placing them in the family
301:, containing only eight known
1:
885:10.1016/j.geobios.2011.10.012
678:Brislemouths feed mostly on
651:
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285:marine fish, commonly named
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430:, but this article follows
297:. It is a relatively small
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18:
932:10.1134/S0031030115020045
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135:Scientific classification
133:
115:
106:
30:
1625:Ray-finned fish families
1337:. February 2012 version.
1327:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.).
1246:. February 2012 version.
1232:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.).
1218:. February 2012 version.
1204:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.).
1190:. February 2012 version.
1176:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.).
1162:. February 2012 version.
1148:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.).
1134:. February 2012 version.
1120:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.).
1106:. February 2012 version.
1092:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.).
1055:. February 2012 version.
1041:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.).
1027:. February 2012 version.
1013:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.).
1329:"Family Gonostomatidae"
912:Paleontological Journal
691:diel vertical migrators
353:, although the species
762:Encyclopedia of Fishes
675:
117:Elongated bristlemouth
1561:Paleobiology Database
673:
1066:Proujan, C. (1979).
1017:Bonapartia pedaliota
447:Bonapartia pedaliota
126:Bonapartia pedaliota
1275:2016AqFF...17..664G
924:2015PalJ...49..162N
877:2012Geobi..45..377P
356:Cyclothone microdon
121:Gonostoma elongatum
1263:Fish and Fisheries
1236:Triplophos hemingi
1206:"Species in genus
1178:"Species in genus
1150:"Species in genus
1122:"Species in genus
1094:"Species in genus
1068:Secrets of the Sea
1043:"Species in genus
827:The New York Times
739:The New York Times
689:Bristlemouths are
676:
376:Bristlemouths are
1602:
1601:
1548:Open Tree of Life
1348:Taxon identifiers
1284:10.1111/faf.12136
980:10.1242/jeb.01033
973:(14): 2379–2387.
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1356:Gonostomatidae
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1325:Froese, Rainer
1319:
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1290:
1269:(3): 664–679.
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1230:Froese, Rainer
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1202:Froese, Rainer
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871:(4): 377–386.
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31:Bristlemouths
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1310:. Retrieved
1308:. 2016-06-09
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743:. Retrieved
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464:Description
446:
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427:Vinciguerria
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318:
317:. The genus
315:quadrillions
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192:Stomiiformes
124:
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1473:iNaturalist
1380:Wikispecies
1306:ZME Science
697:behaviors.
684:crustaceans
680:zooplankton
421:Pollichthys
378:protandrous
365:photophores
295:anglemouths
291:lightfishes
283:mesopelagic
1609:Categories
1312:2020-10-22
1180:Margrethia
1045:Cyclothone
840:2020-10-22
717:References
682:and small
644:Triplophos
598:Margrethia
517:Cyclothone
500:Cyclothone
472:Bonapartia
408:fangtooths
404:dragonfish
390:photophore
372:Morphology
339:L. S. Berg
320:Cyclothone
268:Triplophos
256:Margrethia
232:Cyclothone
226:Bonapartia
198:Suborder:
123:(top) and
21:Argyripnus
1124:Gonostoma
1096:Diplophos
989:0022-0949
948:128915597
940:1555-6174
893:0016-6995
835:0362-4331
745:August 1,
557:Gonostoma
534:Diplophos
443:Zaphotias
311:trillions
244:Gonostoma
238:Diplophos
158:Kingdom:
152:Eukaryota
129:(bottom)
1365:Wikidata
1334:FishBase
1243:FishBase
1215:FishBase
1187:FishBase
1159:FishBase
1152:Manducus
1131:FishBase
1103:FishBase
1076:30992870
1052:FishBase
1024:FishBase
997:15184510
805:: 27–40.
580:Manducus
461:Species
432:FishBase
414:Taxonomy
343:Atlantic
250:Manducus
208:Family:
172:Chordata
168:Phylum:
162:Animalia
148:Domain:
1371:Q796557
1271:Bibcode
1208:Sigmops
920:Bibcode
873:Bibcode
865:Geobios
621:Sigmops
328:Miocene
307:species
305:and 32
262:Sigmops
218:Genera
188:Order:
178:Class:
1592:125601
1566:265827
1553:701559
1537:NZOR:
1504:162163
1491:113531
1074:
995:
987:
946:
938:
891:
833:
768:
458:Image
455:Genus
361:Arctic
349:, and
347:Indian
303:genera
299:family
1587:WoRMS
1574:Plazi
1530:48439
1486:IRMNG
1478:85792
1439:623LV
944:S2CID
795:(PDF)
331:epoch
293:, or
1525:NCBI
1499:ITIS
1465:5905
1460:GBIF
1452:5077
1421:BOLD
1072:OCLC
993:PMID
985:ISSN
936:ISSN
889:ISSN
831:ISSN
766:ISBN
747:2015
424:and
406:and
277:The
42:PreꞒ
1512:NBN
1447:EoL
1434:CoL
1426:914
1408:AFD
1395:ADW
1279:doi
975:doi
971:207
928:doi
881:doi
695:DVM
634:4
611:2
588:2
570:3
547:5
513:13
313:to
1611::
1589::
1576::
1563::
1550::
1527::
1514::
1501::
1488::
1475::
1462::
1449::
1436::
1423::
1410::
1397::
1382::
1367::
1331:.
1304:.
1293:^
1277:.
1267:17
1265:.
1261:.
1240:.
1212:.
1184:.
1156:.
1128:.
1100:.
1049:.
1021:.
991:.
983:.
969:.
965:.
942:.
934:.
926:.
916:49
914:.
910:.
887:.
879:.
869:45
867:.
863:.
849:^
829:.
825:.
811:^
803:49
801:.
797:.
780:^
736:.
724:^
659:.
657:SL
652:1
492:.
490:SL
485:1
449:.
438:.
410:.
345:,
289:,
119:,
92:Pg
1315:.
1287:.
1281::
1273::
1238:"
1234:"
1210:"
1182:"
1154:"
1126:"
1098:"
1078:.
1047:"
1019:"
1015:"
999:.
977::
950:.
930::
922::
895:.
883::
875::
843:.
774:.
749:.
97:N
87:K
82:J
77:T
72:P
67:C
62:D
57:S
52:O
47:Ꞓ
23:.
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