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another group before breeding, which begins at eight to nine years old; they care for their young infants for the first three to four years of their lives. The interval between births, therefore, is long, which partly explains the slow population growth rates that make the western gorilla so vulnerable to poaching. Due to the long gestation time, long period of parental care, and infant mortality, a female gorilla will only give birth to an offspring that survives to maturity every six to eight years. Western gorillas are long-lived and may survive for as long as 40 years in the wild. A group's home range may be as large as 30 km (12 sq mi), but is not actively defended. Wild western gorillas are known to use tools.
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542:. Western gorillas have black, dark grey or dark brown-grey hair with a brownish forehead. Males average 167 cm (5 ft 5.7 in) although reaching a height up to 176 cm (5 ft 9.3 in), with males having an average weight of 168 kilograms (370 lb) and females weighing 58 to 72 kilograms (128 to 159 lb). Captive western gorillas average 157 kg (346 lb) in males and 80 kg (176 lb) in females. Another source describes the weight of wild male western lowland gorillas as 146 kg (322 lb). The Cross River gorilla differs from the western lowland gorilla in both skull and tooth dimensions.
1979:
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numbers and species of plants and invertebrates, suggesting they have a food culture. Fruit comprises most of the western lowland gorillas' diets when it is abundant, directly influencing their foraging and ranging patterns. There is a correlation between the amount of time a western gorilla travels and the season in which fruits are available. Western gorillas spend more time traveling and feeding during the seasons when fruits are abundant compared to when there is less fruits available. Fruits of the genera
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optimistic estimate scenarios, population recovery would require almost 75 years. Yet within the next thirty years, habitat loss and degradation from agriculture, timber extraction, mining and climate change will become increasingly larger threats. Thus, a population reduction of more than 80% over three generations (i.e., 66 years from 1980 to 2046) seems likely. In the 1980s, a census taken of the gorilla populations in equatorial
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687:. This discovery could more than double the known population of the animals, though the effect that the discovery will have on the gorillas' conservation status is currently unknown. With the new discovery, the current population of western lowland gorillas could be around 150,000–200,000. However, the gorilla remains vulnerable to
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have contributed to the decline of this subspecies. In 2007, a conservation plan for the Cross River gorilla was published, outlining the most important actions necessary to preserve this subspecies. The government of
Cameroon has created the Takamanda National Park on the border with Nigeria, as an
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Western gorillas live in groups that vary in size from two to twenty individuals. Such groups are composed of at least one male, several females and their offspring. A dominant male silverback heads the group, with younger males usually leaving the group when they reach maturity. Females transfer to
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Western gorillas' diets are high in fiber, including leaves, stems, fruit, piths, flowers, bark, invertebrates, and soil. The frequency of when each of these are consumed depends on the particular western gorilla group and the season. Furthermore, different groups of western gorillas eat differing
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Estimates on the number of Cross River gorillas remaining is 250–300 in the wild, concentrated in approximately 9-11 locations. Recent genetic research and field surveys suggest that there is occasional migration of individual gorillas between locations. The nearest population of western lowland
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are also threats. Furthermore, reproductive rates are very low, with a maximum intrinsic rate of increase of about 3% and the high levels of decline from hunting and disease-induced mortality have caused declines in population of more than 60% over the last 20 to 25 years. Rather, under the
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are favored by the western gorillas. Low-quality herbs, such as leaves and woody vegetation, are only eaten when fruit is scarce. In the dry season from
January to March, when fleshy fruits are few and far between, more fibrous vegetation such as the leaves and bark of the low-quality herbs
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might be depleting western gorilla populations to a point where their recovery might become impossible, and the virus reduced populations in protected areas by 33% from 1992 to 2007, which may be equal to a decline of 45% for a period of just 20 years spanning 1992 to 2011.
712:, safeguarding an estimated 115 gorillas—a third of the Cross River gorilla population—along with other rare species. The hope is that these gorillas will be able to move between the Takamanda reserve in Cameroon over the border to Nigeria's Cross River National Park.
601:
species are consumed. Given the low protein content, the main reason for their consumption may be the stimulating effect of the caffeine in them. Western gorillas inhabiting Gabon have been observed consuming the fruit, stems, and roots of
432:". The author selected the specific epithet for the name given by Hanno to "wild men" he had noted on the east coast of Africa, presumed by Savage to be a species of orang. The population is recognised as two subspecies:
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in western gorillas' diets, which seem to have some sort of cardiovascular health benefit for western lowland gorillas, and are a known part of the natural diets for many wild populations.
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in it, acts on the central nervous system, producing hallucinogenic effects. It also has effects comparable to caffeine. There is also evidence for medicinal value for the seed pods of
623:. They "found several instances of gorillas throwing sticks and clumps of grass". This is unusual, because western gorillas usually flee and rarely charge when they encounter humans.
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Some ethnographic and pharmacological studies have suggested a possible medicinal value in particular foods consumed by the western gorilla. The fruit and seeds of multiple
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are consumed. Of the invertebrates consumed by the western gorillas, termites and ants make up the majority. Caterpillars, grubs, and larvae are also consumed in rarity.
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was thought to be 100,000. Researchers adjusted the figure in 2008 after years of poaching and deforestation had reduced the population to approximately 50,000.
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373:. Large and robust with males weighing around 168 kilograms (370 lb), the species is found in a region of midwest Africa, geographically isolated from the
1441:
Oates, J., Sunderland-Groves, J., Bergl, R., Dunn, A., Nicholas, A., Takang, E., Omeni, F., Imong, I., Fotso, R., Nkembi, L. and
Williamson, E.A. (2007).
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in Gabon shows that western gorilla silverbacks react aggressively when faced with a mirror, although refusing to look fully at their reflection.
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1385:"Genetic analysis reveals population structure and recent migration within the highly fragmented range of the Cross River gorilla (
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Angola, Cameroon, Central
African Republic, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea and Gabon.
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510:, whose population is approximately 276,000 individuals. Only 250 to 300 of the only other western gorilla subspecies, the
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attempt to protect these gorillas. The park now forms part of an important trans-boundary protected area with
Nigeria's
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The western gorilla is the second largest living primate after the eastern gorilla. Two subspecies are recognised: the
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404:) is limited to a smaller range in the north at the border of Cameroon and Nigeria. Both subspecies are listed
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in 2006 and 2007 found around 125,000 previously unreported gorillas have been living in the swamp forests of
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A study published in 2007 announced the discovery of this species fighting back against possible threats from
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1213:. Prepared at the UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre. University of California Press, Berkeley, U.S.
1084:. Cambridge Studies in Biological and Evolutionary Anthropology. Vol. 34. Cambridge University Press.
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Leigh, S. R.; Shea, B. T. (1995). "Ontogeny and the evolution of adult body size dimorphism in apes".
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2018:
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Silverback always shows aggressiveness towards mirrors - Le dos argenté agresse toujours son reflet
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Masi, Shelly; Cipolletta, Chloé; Robbins, Martha M. (February 2009). "Western lowland gorillas (
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gorilla is some 250 km (160 mi) away. Both loss of habitat and intense hunting for
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1449:. IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group and Conservation International, Arlington, VA, U.S.
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Western gorilla range. Each of the two subspecies is confined to two separate regions.
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797:(3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 181–182.
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Community
Reserve and in neighbouring Marantaceae (dryland) forests in the
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Oates, J. F.; Bergl, R. A.; Sunderland-Groves, J. & Dunn, A. (2008).
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381:). The hair of the western species is significantly lighter in color.
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Regional Action Plan for the
Conservation of the Cross River Gorilla (
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909:, a new species of orang from the gaboon river; osteology of the same"
646:, the most severe denomination next to global extinction, on its 2007
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in 1847, allying the new species to an earlier description of the
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Mammal
Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference
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Comparison with a 1.75-metre (5 ft 9 in) human (right)
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1247:"Tool use during display behavior in wild Cross River gorillas"
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CBS News Online, 12 September 2007. Retrieved 22 March 2008.
1167:) change their activity patterns in response to frugivory".
363:) is a great ape found in Africa, one of two species of the
503:
Nearly all of the individuals of this taxon belong to the
30:"Gorilla gorilla" redirects here. Not to be confused with
1112:
Breuer, T.; Ndoundou-Hockemba, M.; Fishlock, V. (2005).
1798:
1078:
Taylor, Andrea B.; Goldsmith, Michele L., eds. (2002).
1340:"More than 100,000 rare gorillas found in Floral Park"
831:
Maisels, F.; Bergl, R. A.; Williamson, E. A. (2016) .
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in the countries that compose the western gorillas'
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Western gorillas are generally lighter colored than
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A formal description of the species was provided by
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720:The names of individuals of the species includes:
1472:New National Park Protects World's Rarest Gorilla
1224:"Gorilla diet protects heart: grains of paradise"
905:"Notice of the external characters and habits of
428:in a group of eastern simians he referred to as "
1211:World Atlas of Great Apes and their Conservation
1114:"First Observation of Tool Use in Wild Gorillas"
1081:Gorilla Biology: A Multidisciplinary Perspective
2669:Mammals of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
1245:Wittiger, L; Sunderland-Groves, J. L. (2007).
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2634:IUCN Red List critically endangered species
1362:"Thousands Of Rare Gorillas Found In Congo"
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1294:World's Most Endangered Gorilla Fights Back
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1322:Planet Of No Apes? Experts Warn It's Close
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2611:BC47C367-3B28-4D07-8965-72200E7F7D40
2167:Orangutan–human last common ancestor
948:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
842:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
2162:Gorilla–human last common ancestor
2094:Kinshasa Declaration on Great Apes
1458:Black, Richard (28 November 2008)
1383:Bergl, R. A.; Vigilant, L (2007).
25:
2172:Gibbon–human last common ancestor
1460:Protection boost for rare gorilla
1296:. Science Daily. 11 December 2007
1226:. Asknature.org. 20 February 2012
913:Boston Journal of Natural History
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2104:Great Apes Survival Partnership
2054:Iowa Primate Learning Sanctuary
1251:American Journal of Primatology
1169:American Journal of Primatology
1037:American Journal of Primatology
2689:Taxa named by Thomas S. Savage
1305:Hubert-Brierre, Xavier (2015)
648:Red List of Threatened Species
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1474:. Newswise. 26 November 2008.
677:Wildlife Conservation Society
642:lists the western gorilla as
606:, which, due to the compound
1490:– silverbackgorillatours.com
1364:. Cbsnews.com. 5 August 2008
1131:10.1371/journal.pbio.0030380
1008:Mammals of Africa: Volume II
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2177:List of fictional primates
2029:Neanderthal genome project
1006:Kingdon, Jonathan (2013).
75:Female with infant at the
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2109:International Primate Day
2059:Borneo Orangutan Survival
2014:Chimpanzee genome project
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640:World Conservation Union
2684:Fauna of Central Africa
2135:List of individual apes
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985:"Animal Info – Gorilla"
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460:Western lowland gorilla
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386:western lowland gorilla
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326:Western lowland gorilla
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33:Gorilla gorilla gorilla
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1387:Gorilla gorilla diehli
1049:10.1002/ajp.1350360104
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489:Gorilla gorilla diehli
402:Gorilla gorilla diehli
392:) is found in most of
344:Gorilla gorilla diehli
307:Gorilla gorilla diehli
2526:Paleobiology Database
2039:Lone Drøscher Nielsen
1012:Bloomsbury Publishing
685:Republic of the Congo
644:critically endangered
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406:Critically Endangered
100:Critically Endangered
2019:Human Genome Project
1627:Tapanuli orangutan (
1609:Sumatran orangutan (
1342:. CNN. 5 August 2008
872:"Appendices | CITES"
849:: e.T9404A136250858.
546:Behavior and ecology
2664:Mammals of Cameroon
2569:Troglodytes gorilla
2064:Primate archaeology
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1405:2007MolEc..16..501B
907:Troglodytes gorilla
634:Conservation status
613:Aframomum melegueta
512:Cross River gorilla
485:Cross River gorilla
426:Troglodytes gorilla
398:Cross River gorilla
340:Cross River gorilla
303:Cross River gorilla
85:Conservation status
1994:Great ape language
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1932:Sumatran orangutan
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360:Gorilla gorilla
355:western gorilla
347:
335:
333:
321:
301:
282:
275:
271:Gorilla gorilla
269:
256:
253:G. gorilla
134:
126:
109:
98:
94:
87:
37:
28:
23:
22:
18:Gorilla gorilla
15:
12:
11:
5:
2702:
2700:
2692:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
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2616:
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2602:
2589:
2573:
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2565:
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2548:
2535:
2522:
2509:
2496:
2483:
2470:
2457:
2444:
2431:
2418:
2405:
2392:
2379:
2366:
2353:
2343:
2330:
2317:
2304:
2291:
2276:
2260:
2258:
2252:
2251:
2246:
2237:
2236:
2234:
2233:
2222:
2219:
2218:
2216:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2138:
2132:
2126:
2124:
2120:
2119:
2117:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2080:
2078:
2070:
2069:
2067:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1990:
1988:
1984:
1983:
1976:
1974:
1972:
1971:
1970:: Hylobatidae)
1961:
1960:
1959:
1949:
1939:
1922:
1921:
1920:
1910:
1893:
1892:
1891:
1888:P. troglodytes
1881:
1864:
1863:
1862:
1844:
1842:
1834:
1833:
1828:
1826:
1825:
1818:
1811:
1803:
1794:
1793:
1791:
1790:
1779:
1776:
1775:
1772:
1771:
1768:
1767:
1764:
1763:
1761:
1760:
1750:
1748:
1734:
1733:
1731:
1730:
1726:P. troglodytes
1721:
1711:
1709:
1695:
1689:
1688:
1686:
1685:
1676:
1666:
1664:
1647:
1641:
1640:
1637:
1636:
1634:
1633:
1624:
1615:
1605:
1603:
1586:
1577:
1571:
1570:
1568:
1567:
1561:
1555:
1549:
1543:
1536:
1533:
1532:
1523:
1521:
1520:
1513:
1506:
1498:
1492:
1491:
1483:
1482:External links
1480:
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1311:
1298:
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1237:
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1014:. p. 45.
998:
976:
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888:
863:
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27:Species of ape
26:
24:
14:
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4:
3:
2:
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2402:
2397:
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2380:
2376:
2371:
2367:
2363:
2358:
2354:
2350:
2344:
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2331:
2327:
2322:
2318:
2314:
2309:
2305:
2301:
2296:
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2277:
2272:
2266:
2262:
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2259:
2257:
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2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
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2191:
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2186:
2184:
2181:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2142:
2141:Apes in space
2139:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2127:
2125:
2121:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2081:
2079:
2077:
2076:social status
2071:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1991:
1989:
1987:Study of apes
1985:
1980:
1969:
1965:
1962:
1957:
1953:
1950:
1947:
1943:
1940:
1937:
1933:
1930:
1929:
1928:
1927:
1923:
1918:
1914:
1911:
1908:
1904:
1901:
1900:
1899:
1898:
1894:
1889:
1885:
1882:
1879:
1875:
1872:
1871:
1870:
1869:
1865:
1860:
1856:
1853:
1852:
1851:
1850:
1846:
1845:
1843:
1841:
1835:
1831:
1824:
1819:
1817:
1812:
1810:
1805:
1804:
1801:
1789:
1781:
1780:
1777:
1759:
1757:
1752:
1751:
1749:
1741:
1740:
1735:
1729:
1727:
1722:
1720:
1718:
1713:
1712:
1710:
1705:
1704:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1690:
1684:
1682:
1677:
1675:
1673:
1668:
1667:
1665:
1657:
1656:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1642:
1632:
1630:
1625:
1623:
1621:
1616:
1614:
1612:
1607:
1606:
1604:
1596:
1595:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1572:
1566:
1562:
1560:
1556:
1554:
1550:
1548:
1544:
1542:
1538:
1537:
1534:
1530:
1519:
1514:
1512:
1507:
1505:
1500:
1499:
1496:
1489:
1486:
1485:
1481:
1473:
1468:
1465:
1461:
1455:
1452:
1448:
1446:
1438:
1435:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1399:(3): 501–16.
1398:
1394:
1390:
1388:
1379:
1376:
1363:
1357:
1354:
1341:
1335:
1333:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1318:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1302:
1299:
1295:
1290:
1287:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1265:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1241:
1238:
1225:
1219:
1216:
1212:
1206:
1203:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1175:(2): 91–100.
1174:
1170:
1166:
1159:
1156:
1151:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1108:
1105:
1093:
1091:1-139-43557-4
1087:
1083:
1082:
1074:
1071:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1031:
1028:
1023:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1002:
999:
986:
980:
977:
972:
968:
954:
950:
949:
944:
942:
938:
929:
927:
923:
919:(4): 417–443.
918:
914:
910:
908:
902:
898:
892:
889:
877:
873:
867:
864:
859:
855:
848:
844:
843:
838:
836:
827:
825:
823:
819:
814:
810:
806:
804:0-801-88221-4
800:
796:
795:
790:
789:Wilson, D. E.
786:
785:Groves, C. P.
780:
777:
770:
766:
763:
761:
758:
756:
753:
751:
748:
746:
743:
741:
738:
736:
733:
731:
728:
726:
723:
722:
721:
715:
713:
711:
706:
700:
698:
694:
693:deforestation
690:
686:
682:
678:
673:
671:
666:
662:
658:
653:
649:
645:
641:
633:
631:
629:
624:
622:
617:
615:
614:
609:
605:
600:
599:
593:
591:
590:
585:
584:
578:
577:
572:
571:
566:
565:
564:Chrysophyllum
560:
559:
552:
545:
543:
541:
532:
525:
519:
515:
513:
509:
506:
496:
493:
490:
486:
483:
480:
476:
475:
471:
468:
465:
461:
458:
455:
451:
450:
447:Distribution
446:
443:
440:
437:
436:
433:
431:
427:
423:
419:
418:Thomas Savage
411:
409:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
382:
380:
376:
372:
371:
366:
362:
361:
356:
345:
341:
331:
327:
317:
313:
310:
308:
304:
299:
295:
290:
285:
280:
274:
272:
266:
263:
262:Binomial name
259:
255:
254:
249:
246:
245:
242:
241:
237:
234:
233:
230:
227:
224:
223:
220:
217:
214:
213:
210:
207:
204:
203:
200:
197:
194:
193:
190:
187:
184:
183:
180:
177:
174:
173:
170:
167:
164:
163:
160:
157:
154:
153:
150:
147:
144:
143:
138:
133:
129:
123:
117:
112:
106:
101:
90:
86:
81:
78:
73:
69:
64:
61:
56:
52:
47:
42:
39:
35:
34:
19:
2644:EDGE species
2568:
2255:
2089:Research ban
2049:Elgin Center
2034:Willie Smits
2009:Jane Goodall
1955:
1945:
1935:
1924:
1916:
1912:
1906:
1895:
1887:
1877:
1866:
1858:
1847:
1755:
1737:
1725:
1724:Chimpanzee (
1716:
1701:
1680:
1678:
1671:
1653:
1628:
1619:
1610:
1600:(Orangutans)
1592:
1528:(great apes)
1467:
1454:
1444:
1437:
1396:
1392:
1386:
1378:
1366:. Retrieved
1356:
1344:. Retrieved
1301:
1289:
1254:
1250:
1240:
1228:. Retrieved
1218:
1205:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1158:
1124:(11): e380.
1121:
1118:PLOS Biology
1117:
1107:
1095:. Retrieved
1080:
1073:
1043:(1): 37–60.
1040:
1036:
1030:
1007:
1001:
991:12 September
989:. Retrieved
979:
956:. Retrieved
952:
946:
940:
936:
916:
912:
906:
897:Savage, T.S.
891:
879:. Retrieved
875:
866:
846:
840:
834:
793:
779:
719:
701:
674:
637:
625:
618:
611:
596:
594:
587:
581:
574:
568:
562:
557:
553:
549:
537:
502:
488:
463:
425:
415:
401:
396:; while the
389:
383:
378:
368:
359:
358:
354:
352:
343:
329:
306:
297:
292:
270:
268:
252:
251:
239:
205:Infraorder:
58:Male at the
38:
32:
2396:iNaturalist
2280:Wikispecies
2179:(non-human)
2143:(non-human)
2137:(non-human)
2044:Ian Redmond
1999:Dian Fossey
1946:P. pygmaeus
1907:G. beringei
1878:P. paniscus
1840:ape species
1717:P. paniscus
1672:G. beringei
1620:P. pygmaeus
1462:. BBC News.
716:Individuals
652:Ebola virus
628:mirror test
558:Tetrapleura
526:Description
394:West Africa
287:Subspecies
225:Subfamily:
209:Simiiformes
2628:Categories
2584:Q125207393
2193:Monkey Day
2183:Great apes
2084:Personhood
1917:G. gorilla
1884:Chimpanzee
1859:H. sapiens
1756:H. sapiens
1681:G. gorilla
1661:(Gorillas)
1565:Haplorhini
1563:Suborder:
1526:Hominidae
1097:23 October
881:14 January
771:References
661:civil wars
576:Landolphia
508:subspecies
494:250 to 300
444:Population
441:Subspecies
422:chimpanzee
199:Haplorhini
195:Suborder:
118:Appendix I
2074:Legal and
1936:P. abelii
1926:Orangutan
1645:Homininae
1611:P. abelii
1575:Hominidae
1539:Kingdom:
1309:. YouTube
967:cite iucn
903:(1847) .
901:Wyman, J.
876:cites.org
854:cite iucn
760:Pattycake
745:Snowflake
740:Willie B.
681:Lake Tele
589:Aframomum
247:Species:
229:Homininae
219:Hominidae
155:Kingdom:
149:Eukaryota
77:Bronx Zoo
2639:Gorillas
2578:Wikidata
2539:Species+
2466:12100791
2414:11039388
2265:Wikidata
2231:Category
2152:Bushmeat
1788:Category
1745:(Humans)
1715:Bonobo (
1693:Hominini
1584:Ponginae
1559:Primates
1553:Mammalia
1547:Chordata
1545:Phylum:
1541:Animalia
1421:17257109
1346:5 August
1281:19084217
1273:17410549
1230:18 April
1189:19021124
1150:16187795
1065:85136825
1057:31924084
958:26 April
813:62265494
787:(2005).
705:bushmeat
697:poaching
657:Poaching
608:ibogaine
583:Palisota
412:Taxonomy
215:Family:
189:Primates
179:Mammalia
169:Chordata
165:Phylum:
159:Animalia
145:Domain:
105:IUCN 3.1
2606:ZooBank
2598:7444103
2453:1000717
2388:2436441
2271:Q737838
2147:Bigfoot
2130:Primate
2123:Related
1897:Gorilla
1754:Human (
1655:Gorilla
1557:Order:
1551:Class:
1429:4150462
1401:Bibcode
1197:4507112
1141:1236726
735:Harambe
665:habitat
570:Dialium
469:276,000
370:Gorilla
365:hominid
281:, 1847)
240:Gorilla
235:Genus:
185:Order:
175:Class:
120: (
103: (
2531:231497
2518:417965
2427:573080
2375:GORIGO
2362:326447
2346:ECOS:
1968:family
1964:Gibbon
1874:Bonobo
1838:Extant
1427:
1419:
1368:3 July
1279:
1271:
1195:
1187:
1148:
1138:
1088:
1063:
1055:
1018:
941:diehli
811:
801:
765:Bokito
695:, and
670:Africa
650:. The
621:humans
573:, and
430:orangs
367:genus
338:
336:
324:
322:
279:Savage
2505:81400
2409:IRMNG
2401:43580
2326:3H3C9
2313:12438
2213:Yowie
2203:Yeren
1855:Human
1594:Pongo
1425:S2CID
1277:S2CID
1193:S2CID
1061:S2CID
755:Timmy
725:Jambo
689:Ebola
438:Image
122:CITES
116:CITES
2593:GBIF
2557:7651
2544:7116
2492:9593
2487:NCBI
2440:9404
2435:IUCN
2422:ITIS
2383:GBIF
2370:EPPO
2349:4080
2308:BOLD
2208:Yeti
1849:Homo
1830:Apes
1739:Homo
1417:PMID
1370:2009
1348:2008
1269:PMID
1232:2012
1185:PMID
1146:PMID
1099:2022
1086:ISBN
1053:PMID
1016:ISBN
993:2007
971:help
960:2012
953:2008
939:ssp.
883:2022
858:help
847:2018
809:OCLC
799:ISBN
750:Colo
730:Koko
638:The
626:One
598:Cola
586:and
353:The
2552:TSA
2474:NBN
2461:MSW
2448:MDD
2357:EoL
2334:CMS
2321:CoL
2295:ADW
1868:Pan
1703:Pan
1409:doi
1259:doi
1177:doi
1136:PMC
1126:doi
1045:doi
424:as
2630::
2608::
2595::
2580::
2554::
2541::
2528::
2515::
2502::
2489::
2476::
2463::
2450::
2437::
2424::
2411::
2398::
2385::
2372::
2359::
2336::
2323::
2310::
2297::
2282::
2267::
1423:.
1415:.
1407:.
1397:16
1395:.
1391:.
1389:)"
1329:^
1314:^
1275:.
1267:.
1255:69
1253:.
1249:.
1191:.
1183:.
1173:71
1171:.
1144:.
1134:.
1120:.
1116:.
1059:.
1051:.
1041:36
1039:.
1010:.
965:{{
951:.
945:.
925:^
915:.
911:.
899:;
874:.
852:{{
845:.
839:.
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