1757:
1221:. However, the states insisted on retaining their separate links to the Crown, a concept that can be compared to the American system of separate sovereignty for state and federal governments. The states were concerned that Commonwealth-appointed governors might be used to do the federal government's bidding, up to and including use of a Governor's reserve powers to dismiss a recalcitrant state government. To ensure that state governments would be free from such extra-constitutional intervention or coercion, state governors continued to be appointed by the monarch on the advice of the Colonial Secretary in London, usually after an informal consultation with the state government.
1946:
1394:
327:
1827:
1908:
1796:
1937:
1232:) drew criticism from the labour movement and others. During this period some states (notably Western Australia) left the position unfilled as an economy measure for some years, and the vice-regal functions were filled by the state chief justices with the title of administrator. But no state attempted to abolish the post of governor, and this could not have been done at this time without the consent of the Crown (acting on the advice of the British government).
1734:
1677:
167:
1879:
332:
1726:
1765:
1819:
1669:
1114:, and dates back to 1788 to the day on which the area (which is now the city of Sydney) became the first British settlement in Australia. Each of the subsequent five states in Australia was also founded as a British colony, and a governor was appointed by the British government to exercise executive authority over the colony. The first governors of the colonies, and their dates of appointment, are as follows:
1703:
1975:
1989:
980:
42:
1788:
1421:, to dismiss five of his ministers and call fresh elections. Campbell believed that Bjelke-Petersen had lost the confidence of his own party and was behaving irrationally. He was also reluctant to call an election for a legislature that was barely a year old, and felt that the situation was a political rather than a constitutional matter. Bjelke-Petersen subsequently resigned.
1365:, as had been the case prior to 1942. In practice, however, the premier of each state recommended a prospective governor to the foreign secretary, who almost always acted in accordance with that recommendation. However, in 1976 the Foreign Secretary refused to transmit to the Queen the advice of the Premier of Queensland, Sir
1102:, Australia's state governors are not subject to the constitutional authority of the governor-general, but are directly responsible to the monarch. This means, for example, that the governor-general may not issue pardons or commutations of sentence for any state offences, or issue any state honours.
1479:
A lieutenant-governor takes on the responsibilities of a governor when that post is vacant or when the governor is out of the state or unable to act. In some states the lieutenant governor is also the chief justice. An administrator takes on those duties if both the governor and lieutenant-governor
1384:
were passed by the
Commonwealth Parliament and the Parliament of the United Kingdom in 1986, thus removing what remaining authority London had over affairs in Canberra. Under section 7 of these Acts, the King now receives advice on the appointment and termination of appointments of state governors
1325:
in New South Wales), the
Australian colonial capitals were small towns and considered not grand enough to attract senior members of the British aristocracy. Even when Australians replaced Britons as governors, most continued to be retired Army, Navy or Air Force officers until the 1970s. The last
1401:
The role of state governor in modern times is broken down into constitutional, ceremonial and social responsibilities. Regarding constitutional practices, in most cases the governor observes the convention to act on the advice of the state's cabinet (and/or premier). Nevertheless, the state
1316:
The first colonies were penal settlements and the early colonial governors were military officers who ruled under martial law. Once the governors' role moved from the executive to the ceremonial, most governors were drawn from the ranks of retired officers. Although a few members of the
2292:
1357:, the states had been established separately from (and prior to) the Commonwealth and retained their separate subordination to the British Government. The British Government retained the authority to intervene in the governments of the individual states under the
1632:, the states indicated that, if the referendum was successful, governors should be appointed by the parliament, although agreement on the exact method of appointment was not reached. As the referendum failed, no state altered the appointment method.
1216:
When the six colonies federated to form the
Commonwealth of Australia in 1901, there were some suggestions that the position of state governor should be abolished or that its appointment be made by the Governor-General as was (and still is) done in
2285:
2055:
1195:
until 1855) were founded as penal colonies, and their governors (lieutenant-governors in
Tasmania) exercised more or less absolute authority. Tasmania in particular was run as a virtual prison camp in its early years. The Governors were also
1203:
From the 1820s, however, the increasing number of free settlers in the colonies led to a process of constitutional reform which gradually reduced the powers of the governors. New South Wales was given its first legislative body, the
2278:
3077:
1250:
From the 1940s the states, particularly those with Labor governments, began to appoint
Australians to the post of governor. The first Australian governors of each of the states, and their dates of appointment, were:
30:
1179:
Only in New South Wales and South
Australia was the date of the appointment of the first governor the actual date of the colony's foundation. The settlement which became Queensland was founded in 1824, but was not
1459:, that is, to take on the Governor-General's duties until he returns from overseas or a new appointment is made. The convention has been that the longest-serving state governor is appointed administrator. When
2070:
1380:, requesting that the Commonwealth Parliament legislate to address the constitutional anomaly of the United Kingdom Government's role in the constitutional affairs of the state. Eventually, identical
5252:
2635:
1444:. Bennett thus took the view that Gray no longer had enough support to govern and could not advise him to call a second election. Gray then resigned; Bennett then commissioned Field as premier.
3139:
701:
1054:
758:
2301:
1337:, acting on the advice of the British Foreign and Commonwealth Secretary, but effectively acting on the advice of the state premiers. It was not until 1986, with the passage of the
1208:, in 1825. Victoria, South Australia and Western Australia, which were not founded as penal settlements, moved rapidly towards constitutional government after their establishment.
5272:
1551:
on 1 November 2021, Queensland currently has four female governors, more than any other state. Queensland is also the first state to have had two female governors in succession (
3082:
2381:
688:
623:
2595:
780:
59:
1628:, state governments were required to consider state links to the Crown and thus the validity of appointing the governor through the Queen. At a constitutional convention in
3191:
3149:
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359:
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753:
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1436:, after Gray lost his majority in the recent election. Although no one party had a majority in the new House of Assembly, Bennett had already been assured that the
1075:
within it. The governors are the nominal chief executives of the states, performing the same constitutional and ceremonial functions at the state level as does the
543:
533:
3124:
2171:
2105:
1891:
4864:
3435:
2757:
1243:, on the grounds that Lang was acting illegally. All governors at this time were British, and most were from the upper classes and political conservatives, and
525:
1756:
4741:
4645:
1247:
governments always suspected that they had an enemy in
Government House. Most governors, however, tried to act impartially, and some were genuinely popular.
1080:
412:
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2496:
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820:
743:
723:
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3226:
3184:
2903:
2707:
2640:
1618:
1354:
1110:
The office of governor ("governor in chief" was an early title) is the oldest constitutional office in
Australia. The title was first used with the
802:
798:
787:
1575:
who was sworn in on 9 August 2023; New South Wales, Tasmania and
Victoria will have had two each whilst Western Australia has only one so far. The
5267:
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4797:
3902:
3040:
2466:
2326:
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1920:
1610:
628:
874:
859:
106:
4145:
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3395:
3328:
3201:
3159:
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2600:
2557:
1279:
1040:
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78:
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1021:
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3164:
2879:
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2476:
2366:
1289:
372:
854:
85:
4150:
3991:
3591:
3283:
3253:
3216:
3174:
3062:
2869:
2788:
2506:
2386:
2176:
2123:
1958:
1625:
1205:
1132:
1099:
669:
348:
5166:
4840:
3307:
3297:
2752:
2486:
2098:
1433:
1188:
for some years before the first
Governor was appointed; Tasmania was founded in 1804, Western Australia in 1828 and Victoria in 1835.
748:
259:
3668:
2732:
2039:
1322:
1240:
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125:
92:
2083:
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3003:
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2747:
2717:
2697:
2610:
1496:
governor of an Australian state. Governors of non-Anglo-Australian background have been appointed in recent years. These include
833:
610:
605:
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391:
74:
869:
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3273:
3196:
3154:
2857:
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2605:
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2461:
771:
733:
656:
63:
3385:
884:
879:
5097:
5032:
4848:
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3794:
3390:
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3221:
3211:
3179:
3169:
3129:
3114:
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2727:
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2501:
2443:
2331:
2151:
2091:
2002:
1800:
1448:
1334:
1076:
946:
921:
714:
618:
285:
211:
5146:
5141:
4888:
4372:
3370:
3303:
3293:
2737:
2672:
2572:
2453:
2007:
1218:
1128:
1095:
728:
4906:
4813:
4211:
4051:
3815:
3346:
2840:
2830:
2428:
2418:
2356:
2351:
2270:
2156:
2136:
1738:
1681:
1614:
1414:
1111:
1026:
242:
4805:
5216:
5201:
5171:
4296:
3658:
3342:
2677:
2391:
2346:
2341:
1869:
1441:
1429:
1138:
1118:
956:
810:
498:
454:
52:
5191:
5181:
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4256:
3945:
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3735:
3681:
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2898:
2722:
2702:
2119:
1456:
916:
176:
1567:
in 2021) and then Victoria in 2023. South Australia now has three female governors following the appointment of
1361:. As a result, the state governors continued to be formally appointed by the Queen on the advice of the British
1235:
The political role of the governor became a matter of controversy in 1932 when the Governor of New South Wales,
99:
5136:
5111:
4337:
4251:
3925:
3773:
3045:
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1181:
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at the national or federal level. In practice, with notable exceptions the governors are generally required by
1006:
825:
633:
326:
4543:
2524:
5156:
5131:
5008:
4677:
4620:
4528:
4470:
4408:
4140:
4001:
3930:
3779:
3653:
3530:
2886:
2864:
2212:
1945:
1781:
1594:
1410:
1084:
961:
941:
936:
446:
318:
308:
1228:
of the 1930s, when the cost of maintaining six vice-regal establishments (as well as a governor-general in
5024:
4960:
4832:
4600:
4465:
4301:
3785:
3638:
3550:
3525:
3450:
3375:
3087:
2891:
2620:
2423:
2146:
2027:
1769:
1532:, Governor of Queensland from 1920 to 1925, was Australia's only Jewish governor until the appointment of
1244:
1011:
991:
966:
951:
906:
696:
569:
551:
436:
404:
4538:
1373:
as governor, on the grounds of the Governor's partisanship against the previous Commonwealth Government.
5196:
4693:
4513:
4382:
3706:
3696:
3607:
3545:
3380:
3354:
3338:
3104:
2820:
2804:
2615:
1980:
1629:
1168:
1072:
897:
479:
232:
195:
152:
5059:
5082:
4880:
4685:
4653:
4357:
3890:
3643:
3505:
3490:
3480:
3119:
2835:
2625:
2580:
2516:
2438:
2433:
2161:
2141:
1831:
1707:
1493:
1342:
1305:
1192:
678:
295:
5211:
4984:
4789:
4518:
4403:
4352:
4108:
3485:
3445:
2585:
2315:
1584:
1418:
1366:
1185:
1158:
1148:
1068:
815:
1451:'s death, incapacity, removal, resignation or absence overseas, each of the state governors has a
4992:
4968:
4928:
4613:
4568:
4429:
4096:
4036:
3839:
3711:
3618:
3555:
3470:
3420:
2908:
2544:
1907:
1606:
1576:
1460:
1452:
1381:
1338:
1327:
1197:
489:
484:
1184:
until 1859. In Tasmania, Victoria and Western Australia executive authority was exercised by a
5121:
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3863:
3365:
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1341:
through the state, Australian and British parliaments, that governors became appointed by the
1275:
1016:
1001:
340:
288:
5161:
5016:
4449:
4444:
4306:
4236:
4216:
3881:
3854:
3565:
3515:
3495:
2321:
2194:
2185:
1994:
1936:
1826:
1812:
1662:
1587:). Since 2021, every state Governor apart from that of Western Australia has been a woman.
1572:
1552:
1509:
1489:
1437:
1225:
984:
646:
556:
250:
1579:, the only mainland territory to have an administrator, has had two female administrators (
166:
5226:
5126:
5077:
4920:
4765:
4733:
4669:
4523:
4493:
4102:
4006:
3986:
3806:
3676:
3430:
3360:
2654:
2221:
2203:
2066:
1750:
1733:
1719:
1676:
1568:
1548:
1425:
1299:
1285:
1255:
996:
536:
469:
457:
4781:
5221:
5151:
5051:
4936:
4558:
4434:
4398:
4377:
4367:
4327:
4276:
4180:
4061:
4056:
3981:
3896:
3872:
3746:
3731:
3633:
3560:
2255:
1927:
1878:
1529:
1403:
1259:
1162:
1142:
1122:
509:
331:
267:
1818:
1668:
5241:
5206:
4976:
4749:
4553:
4424:
4362:
4241:
4165:
4130:
4125:
4090:
4041:
4016:
3996:
3976:
3845:
3830:
3800:
3623:
3520:
3465:
3440:
2230:
1693:
1564:
1556:
1544:
1309:
1269:
474:
464:
17:
4548:
4533:
4498:
4439:
4347:
4291:
4261:
4195:
4185:
4021:
3912:
3701:
3475:
3455:
3425:
1725:
1580:
1533:
1517:
1513:
1370:
1172:
415:
1597:, a former governor of South Australia, are former Australian Olympic medallists.
1353:
Although the Commonwealth of Australia legally became a sovereign nation when it
5087:
4725:
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4266:
4246:
4190:
4175:
4170:
4160:
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3686:
3510:
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2239:
1898:
1787:
1560:
1521:
1505:
1497:
1236:
1152:
383:
203:
41:
5000:
4563:
4508:
4226:
3628:
3535:
1970:
1764:
1590:
1265:
790:
394:
362:
219:
1200:, and the troops under their command were the real basis of their authority.
4856:
4573:
4342:
4155:
2812:
2030:(1 March 2018). "Chapter 4: Independence". In Saunders, C; Stone, A (eds.).
931:
351:
4952:
4717:
3540:
1702:
1295:
1229:
185:
3576:
2773:
1621:, advises the governor-general on the appointment of the administrator.
1467:, Governor of Tasmania, took on that role, serving until Major-General
1318:
1501:
1402:
governors, like the governor-general, retain the full panoply of the
31:
Premiers and chief ministers of the Australian states and territories
2302:
Representatives of the monarch in Commonwealth realms and dominions
1392:
1326:
British-born governor of an Australian state was Rear Admiral Sir
3580:
2777:
2274:
2087:
1224:
The post of governor was again called into question during the
841:
35:
2034:. New York, USA: Oxford University Press. pp. 167–168.
1571:
who was sworn in on 7 October 2021. With the appointment of
165:
1406:
of the Crown. This has been shown on two recent occasions.
1330:, who was Governor of Western Australia from 1980 to 1983.
1333:
From the 1960s onward the governors were appointed by the
1609:
received self-government on 1 July 1978 under its own
1376:
In 1978, the Parliament of New South Wales passed the
5253:
Parliaments of the Australian states and territories
1959:
Administrator of Australian Indian Ocean Territories
1613:
appointed by the governor-general. The Commonwealth
5110:
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4899:
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4637:
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4586:
4484:
4458:
4417:
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4204:
4118:
4083:
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3959:
3911:
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3327:
3242:
3138:
3061:
2917:
2811:
2665:
2649:
2571:
2543:
2515:
2452:
2409:
2402:
2308:
66:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2032:The Oxford Handbook of the Australian Constitution
1239:, used his reserve power to dismiss the premier,
1191:New South Wales and Tasmania (which was known as
1440:would support a minority Labor government under
1428:, refused to grant a fresh dissolution to the
1345:on the direct advice of the relevant premier.
1321:served as governors (the most prominent being
3592:
2789:
2286:
2099:
1547:took office in 1991. With the appointment of
1048:
526:Federal Circuit and Family Court of Australia
8:
5273:Lists of current office-holders in Australia
2636:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
2631:Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
2069:. 6 June 2014. p. 4H1–1. Archived from
1539:South Australia was also the first state to
1480:are not able to act for the above reasons.
1378:Constitutional Powers (New South Wales) Act
1091:or the other members of a state's cabinet.
4590:
4080:
3599:
3585:
3577:
2796:
2782:
2774:
2406:
2293:
2279:
2271:
2132:
2106:
2092:
2084:
1848:
1644:
1355:adopted the Statute of Westminster in 1942
1055:
1041:
139:
1845:Current administrators of the territories
126:Learn how and when to remove this message
4702:The Romantic Story of Margaret Catchpole
1619:Chief Minister of the Northern Territory
4798:The Last Confession of Alexander Pearce
2019:
1921:Administrator of the Northern Territory
1512:(Sri Lankan/Ceylonese; Victoria), Dame
1475:Lieutenant-governors and administrators
781:Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade
175:
151:
145:This article is part of a series on the
1492:as the first (and, to date, the only)
1413:, refused to accept the advice of the
4873:The Incredible Journey of Mary Bryant
1636:Current state and territory governors
1593:, a former governor of Victoria, and
7:
1409:In 1987 the Governor of Queensland,
75:"Governors of the Australian states"
64:adding citations to reliable sources
2124:states and territories of Australia
1488:In 1976, South Australia appointed
1206:New South Wales Legislative Council
3088:State and Territory Shadow Cabinet
1601:Contemporary changes and prospects
1424:In 1989 the Governor of Tasmania,
25:
1536:as Governor of Victoria in 2015.
1457:Administrator of the Commonwealth
1385:from the relevant state premier.
4945:For the Term of His Natural Life
4865:For the Term of His Natural Life
4742:For the Term of His Natural Life
4646:For the Term of His Natural Life
2655:United Kingdom lieutenancy areas
2382:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
1987:
1973:
1944:
1935:
1906:
1877:
1825:
1817:
1794:
1786:
1763:
1755:
1732:
1724:
1701:
1675:
1667:
978:
834:Australia and the United Nations
330:
325:
40:
2650:Other viceregal representatives
2056:"Chapter 4: Badges and Emblems"
1892:Administrator of Norfolk Island
1397:State governor's rank insignia
1359:Colonial Laws Validity Act 1865
51:needs additional citations for
5268:Lists of viceroys in Australia
5263:Political history of Australia
2596:British Indian Ocean Territory
2517:Realm of New Zealand countries
1776:(2 years, 324 days)
1745:(2 years, 349 days)
1688:(5 years, 141 days)
1182:separated from New South Wales
1:
5033:Parrot and Olivier in America
2454:Canadian lieutenant governors
2003:Governor-General of Australia
1807:(2 years, 67 days)
1801:Governor of Western Australia
1714:(3 years, 96 days)
1516:(Lebanese; New South Wales),
1335:Monarch of the United Kingdom
1077:governor-general of Australia
5147:Darlington Probation Station
5142:Commissariat Store, Brisbane
4662:It Is Never Too Late to Mend
4373:Thomas Griffiths Wainewright
3078:Premiers and Chief Ministers
3073:Governors and Administrators
2573:British Overseas Territories
2008:Lieutenant governor (Canada)
1917:(1 year, 231 days)
1888:(1 year, 111 days)
1838:(1 year, 42 days)
1471:took office in August 2003.
1369:, to extend the term of Sir
1071:has a governor to represent
1022:Australian Capital Territory
684:Premiers and chief ministers
679:Governors and administrators
4913:It's Never Too Late to Mend
4907:Journals of the First Fleet
2591:British Antarctic Territory
1955:(1 year, 93 days)
1739:Governor of South Australia
1682:Governor of New South Wales
1541:appoint a woman as governor
1112:Governor of New South Wales
634:Referendums and plebiscites
5289:
5217:The Old Windmill, Brisbane
5177:Kingston and Arthur's Vale
3903:Anti-Transportation League
3083:Parliaments and Assemblies
2411:Australian state governors
1626:1999 republican referendum
1504:; Western Australia), Sir
1463:resigned in May 2003, Sir
689:Parliaments and assemblies
552:State and territory courts
499:Federal Court of Australia
28:
5192:Parramatta Female Factory
3614:
2848:Federal Executive Council
2482:Newfoundland and Labrador
2130:
1559:), followed by Tasmania (
1520:(Russian: Victoria), and
278:Federal Executive Council
2870:House of Representatives
2641:Turks and Caicos Islands
1528:; South Australia). Sir
1484:Backgrounds of governors
619:Federal electoral system
373:House of Representatives
29:Not to be confused with
5157:Experiment Farm Cottage
5132:Cascades Female Factory
4678:The Life of Rufus Dawes
4621:Jim Jones at Botany Bay
4529:Laurence Hynes Halloran
3825:Norfolk Island mutinies
3531:Parliamentary secretary
3501:Independent politicians
1950:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
1641:Current state governors
1595:Marjorie Jackson-Nelson
1349:The Australia Acts 1986
702:State electoral systems
447:High Court of Australia
4961:Bring Larks and Heroes
4841:The Devil Makes Sunday
4833:The Devil Makes Sunday
4601:Transportation ballads
3551:Responsible government
3451:Contempt of parliament
2904:Statute of Westminster
2601:British Virgin Islands
1770:Governor of Queensland
1624:In the lead up to the
1398:
1143:Captain John Hindmarsh
1133:Captain James Stirling
1123:Captain Arthur Phillip
799:Diplomatic missions of
671:States and territories
170:
5258:Monarchy of Australia
5248:Viceroys in Australia
4694:One Hundred Years Ago
4544:William Smith O'Brien
3795:Castle Hill Rebellion
3608:Convicts in Australia
2805:Politics of Australia
2372:Saint Kitts and Nevis
1981:British Empire portal
1630:Gladstone, Queensland
1508:(Italian; Victoria),
1396:
1389:Role of the governors
319:Australian Parliament
260:Deputy Prime Minister
169:
5187:Old Government House
5083:Port Jackson Painter
5009:Gould's Book of Fish
4686:The Mark of the Lash
4654:The Assigned Servant
4409:Kevin Izod O'Doherty
4358:William Buelow Gould
3891:Cooking Pot Uprising
3807:Capture of the brig
3644:History of Australia
3506:Kirribilli agreement
3491:Hardworking Families
3446:Chardonnay socialist
2497:Prince Edward Island
2316:Counsellors of State
1832:Governor of Victoria
1708:Governor of Tasmania
1490:Sir Douglas Nicholls
1343:Monarch of Australia
1096:lieutenant governors
985:Australia portal
60:improve this article
18:Governor (Australia)
5212:Ross Female Factory
4985:Remembering Babylon
4790:Journey Among Women
4519:Elizabeth Callaghan
4404:William Henry Groom
4302:John Boyle O'Reilly
3486:Group voting ticket
2758:Trinidad and Tobago
2327:Antigua and Barbuda
1426:Sir Phillip Bennett
1419:Joh Bjelke-Petersen
1411:Sir Walter Campbell
1367:Joh Bjelke-Petersen
1300:Sir Stanley Burbury
1198:commanders-in-chief
1186:Lieutenant-Governor
1153:Sir Henry Fox Young
1073:Australia's monarch
624:Electoral divisions
5172:Hyde Park Barracks
5098:Twenty Dollar Note
5060:Our Country's Good
4993:The Potato Factory
4969:A Fringe of Leaves
4929:Great Expectations
4758:Red Sky at Morning
4710:Sentenced for Life
4569:Elizabeth Thackery
4430:Margaret Catchpole
4151:William Hutchinson
4097:Arthur Bowes Smyth
3840:Bathurst Rebellion
3556:Stolen Generations
3471:Double dissolution
3264:Northern Territory
2545:Crown Dependencies
1912:Northern Territory
1607:Northern Territory
1577:Northern Territory
1545:Dame Roma Mitchell
1461:Peter Hollingworth
1453:dormant commission
1447:In the event of a
1399:
1328:Richard Trowbridge
1290:Sir James Harrison
1280:Sir James Mitchell
1260:Sir John Northcott
1175:(10 December 1859)
1163:Sir Charles Hotham
1145:(28 December 1836)
1027:Northern Territory
642:Voter registration
171:
5235:
5234:
5122:Brickendon Estate
5106:
5105:
5093:Sydney punchbowls
4806:Van Diemen's Land
4628:Van Diemen's Land
4582:
4581:
4504:James Bloodsworth
4287:Lawrence Kavenagh
3951:Western Australia
3752:Western Australia
3722:Macquarie Harbour
3574:
3573:
3546:Quiet Australians
3314:Western Australia
2880:Opposition Leader
2858:Foreign relations
2844:
2771:
2770:
2661:
2660:
2444:Western Australia
2322:Governors-general
2268:
2267:
2263:
2262:
2063:Army Dress Manual
1964:
1963:
1842:
1841:
1363:Foreign Secretary
1310:Sir Henry Winneke
1302:(5 December 1973)
1292:(4 December 1968)
1276:Western Australia
1270:Sir John Lavarack
1193:Van Diemen's Land
1135:(6 February 1832)
1129:Western Australia
1125:(7 February 1788)
1065:
1064:
1007:Western Australia
821:Visa requirements
773:Foreign relations
759:Political parties
657:Political funding
652:Political parties
289:Albanese ministry
156:
136:
135:
128:
110:
16:(Redirected from
5280:
5167:Great North Road
5162:Fremantle Prison
5017:The Secret River
4889:The Secret River
4849:Against the Wind
4591:
4539:Jørgen Jørgensen
4450:John Acton Wroth
4445:James Hardy Vaux
4312:William Westwood
4307:Alexander Pearce
4237:Charlotte Badger
4217:Francis Greenway
4109:D'Arcy Wentworth
4081:
4077:
4072:Notable convicts
3634:Female factories
3601:
3594:
3587:
3578:
3516:Leadership spill
3496:How-to-vote card
3481:Forgotten People
3351:Liberal National
3140:State/territory
3063:State/territory
2838:
2826:Governor-General
2798:
2791:
2784:
2775:
2708:Irish Free State
2611:Falkland Islands
2467:British Columbia
2407:
2367:Papua New Guinea
2318:(United Kingdom)
2295:
2288:
2281:
2272:
2195:Margaret Gardner
2186:Margaret Beazley
2133:
2108:
2101:
2094:
2085:
2078:
2077:
2076:on 3 April 2015.
2075:
2060:
2052:
2046:
2045:
2024:
1997:
1995:Australia portal
1992:
1991:
1990:
1983:
1978:
1977:
1976:
1949:
1948:
1941:Christmas Island
1940:
1939:
1911:
1910:
1882:
1881:
1849:
1830:
1829:
1821:
1813:Margaret Gardner
1799:
1798:
1790:
1768:
1767:
1759:
1737:
1736:
1728:
1706:
1705:
1680:
1679:
1671:
1663:Margaret Beazley
1645:
1585:Vicki O'Halloran
1573:Margaret Gardner
1553:Penelope Wensley
1510:David de Kretser
1449:Governor-General
1438:Tasmanian Greens
1282:(5 October 1948)
1272:(1 October 1946)
1173:Sir George Bowen
1155:(8 January 1855)
1067:Each Australian
1057:
1050:
1043:
983:
982:
981:
947:Multiculturalism
922:Environmentalism
900:
788:Foreign Minister
774:
717:
716:Local government
672:
647:Leadership spill
579:Recent elections
572:
557:Law of Australia
439:
334:
329:
311:
251:Anthony Albanese
235:
212:Governor-General
188:
159:
154:
146:
140:
131:
124:
120:
117:
111:
109:
68:
44:
36:
21:
5288:
5287:
5283:
5282:
5281:
5279:
5278:
5277:
5238:
5237:
5236:
5231:
5227:Woolmers Estate
5202:Richmond Bridge
5127:Cadmans Cottage
5113:
5102:
5078:Charlotte Medal
5066:
5039:
4921:The Broad Arrow
4895:
4820:
4814:The Nightingale
4766:Under Capricorn
4734:The Tenth Straw
4670:The Lady Outlaw
4633:
4587:Popular culture
4578:
4524:Margaret Dawson
4494:Esther Abrahams
4486:
4480:
4454:
4413:
4387:
4316:
4257:William Buckley
4229:
4221:
4212:James Blackburn
4200:
4114:
4103:William Redfern
4075:
4074:
4066:
3964:
3955:
3936:New South Wales
3907:
3756:
3742:Saltwater River
3677:Cockatoo Island
3663:
3610:
3605:
3575:
3570:
3431:Branch stacking
3412:
3405:
3361:Centre Alliance
3355:Country Liberal
3330:
3323:
3284:South Australia
3254:New South Wales
3245:
3238:
3141:
3134:
3064:
3057:
2920:
2913:
2807:
2802:
2772:
2767:
2657:
2645:
2567:
2539:
2511:
2448:
2429:South Australia
2419:New South Wales
2398:
2387:Solomon Islands
2304:
2299:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2250:
2243:
2234:
2225:
2222:Frances Adamson
2216:
2207:
2204:Jeannette Young
2198:
2189:
2126:
2112:
2082:
2081:
2073:
2067:Australian Army
2058:
2054:
2053:
2049:
2042:
2026:
2025:
2021:
2016:
1993:
1988:
1986:
1979:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1954:
1943:
1942:
1934:
1916:
1915:2 February 2023
1905:
1887:
1876:
1847:
1837:
1824:
1806:
1793:
1775:
1774:1 November 2021
1762:
1751:Jeannette Young
1744:
1731:
1720:Frances Adamson
1713:
1700:
1687:
1674:
1643:
1638:
1603:
1569:Frances Adamson
1549:Jeannette Young
1486:
1477:
1469:Michael Jeffery
1391:
1351:
1286:South Australia
1262:(1 August 1946)
1256:New South Wales
1237:Sir Philip Game
1214:
1139:South Australia
1119:New South Wales
1108:
1061:
1032:
1031:
1012:South Australia
992:New South Wales
979:
977:
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902:
898:
890:
889:
851:
838:
830:
811:Nationality law
807:
795:
776:
772:
764:
763:
719:
715:
707:
706:
693:
674:
670:
662:
661:
638:
615:
574:
570:
562:
561:
548:
537:Will Alstergren
521:
494:
458:Stephen Gageler
441:
437:
429:
428:
424:Shadow Ministry
400:
368:
336:
313:
309:
301:
300:
273:
237:
233:
225:
224:
190:
186:
157:
153:
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69:
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57:
45:
34:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5286:
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5265:
5260:
5255:
5250:
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5239:
5233:
5232:
5230:
5229:
5224:
5222:Vaucluse House
5219:
5214:
5209:
5204:
5199:
5194:
5189:
5184:
5179:
5174:
5169:
5164:
5159:
5154:
5152:Elizabeth Farm
5149:
5144:
5139:
5134:
5129:
5124:
5118:
5116:
5108:
5107:
5104:
5103:
5101:
5100:
5095:
5090:
5085:
5080:
5074:
5072:
5068:
5067:
5065:
5064:
5056:
5052:The Transports
5047:
5045:
5041:
5040:
5038:
5037:
5029:
5025:The Lieutenant
5021:
5013:
5005:
4997:
4989:
4981:
4973:
4965:
4957:
4949:
4941:
4937:The Wild Goose
4933:
4925:
4917:
4909:
4903:
4901:
4897:
4896:
4894:
4893:
4885:
4877:
4869:
4861:
4853:
4845:
4837:
4828:
4826:
4822:
4821:
4819:
4818:
4810:
4802:
4794:
4786:
4778:
4770:
4762:
4754:
4746:
4738:
4730:
4722:
4714:
4706:
4698:
4690:
4682:
4674:
4666:
4658:
4650:
4641:
4639:
4635:
4634:
4632:
4631:
4624:
4617:
4610:
4603:
4597:
4595:
4588:
4584:
4583:
4580:
4579:
4577:
4576:
4571:
4566:
4561:
4559:Joseph Potaski
4556:
4551:
4546:
4541:
4536:
4531:
4526:
4521:
4516:
4511:
4506:
4501:
4496:
4490:
4488:
4482:
4481:
4479:
4478:
4473:
4468:
4462:
4460:
4456:
4455:
4453:
4452:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4435:Frank the Poet
4432:
4427:
4421:
4419:
4415:
4414:
4412:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4399:William Cuffay
4395:
4393:
4389:
4388:
4386:
4385:
4380:
4378:Thomas Watling
4375:
4370:
4368:Charles Rodius
4365:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4340:
4338:Richard Browne
4335:
4330:
4328:Joseph Backler
4324:
4322:
4318:
4317:
4315:
4314:
4309:
4304:
4299:
4294:
4289:
4284:
4279:
4277:William Chopin
4274:
4269:
4264:
4259:
4254:
4252:William Bryant
4249:
4244:
4239:
4233:
4231:
4223:
4222:
4220:
4219:
4214:
4208:
4206:
4202:
4201:
4199:
4198:
4193:
4188:
4183:
4181:Robert Sidaway
4178:
4173:
4168:
4163:
4158:
4153:
4148:
4143:
4138:
4133:
4128:
4122:
4120:
4116:
4115:
4113:
4112:
4105:
4100:
4093:
4087:
4085:
4078:
4068:
4067:
4065:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4044:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4014:
4012:Eardley-Wilmot
4009:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3974:
3968:
3966:
3957:
3956:
3954:
3953:
3948:
3943:
3941:Norfolk Island
3938:
3933:
3928:
3923:
3917:
3915:
3909:
3908:
3906:
3905:
3900:
3897:Catalpa rescue
3894:
3888:
3879:
3870:
3861:
3852:
3843:
3837:
3828:
3822:
3813:
3804:
3798:
3792:
3783:
3777:
3771:
3764:
3762:
3758:
3757:
3755:
3754:
3749:
3747:Sullivans Cove
3744:
3739:
3732:Norfolk Island
3729:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3684:
3679:
3673:
3671:
3669:Penal colonies
3665:
3664:
3662:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3615:
3612:
3611:
3606:
3604:
3603:
3596:
3589:
3581:
3572:
3571:
3569:
3568:
3563:
3561:Working Family
3558:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3436:Casual vacancy
3433:
3428:
3423:
3417:
3415:
3407:
3406:
3404:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3335:
3333:
3325:
3324:
3322:
3321:
3311:
3301:
3291:
3281:
3271:
3261:
3250:
3248:
3240:
3239:
3237:
3236:
3230:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3188:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3146:
3144:
3136:
3135:
3133:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3091:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3069:
3067:
3059:
3058:
3056:
3055:
3049:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2925:
2923:
2915:
2914:
2912:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2895:
2894:
2889:
2883:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2861:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2841:Shadow Cabinet
2833:
2831:Prime Minister
2828:
2823:
2817:
2815:
2809:
2808:
2803:
2801:
2800:
2793:
2786:
2778:
2769:
2768:
2766:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2669:
2667:
2663:
2662:
2659:
2658:
2653:
2651:
2647:
2646:
2644:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2606:Cayman Islands
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2577:
2575:
2569:
2568:
2566:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2549:
2547:
2541:
2540:
2538:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2521:
2519:
2513:
2512:
2510:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2458:
2456:
2450:
2449:
2447:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2415:
2413:
2404:
2400:
2399:
2397:
2396:
2395:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2319:
2312:
2310:
2306:
2305:
2300:
2298:
2297:
2290:
2283:
2275:
2266:
2265:
2261:
2260:
2256:Farzian Zainal
2253:
2251:
2246:
2244:
2237:
2235:
2228:
2226:
2219:
2217:
2210:
2208:
2201:
2199:
2192:
2190:
2183:
2180:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2131:
2128:
2127:
2120:administrators
2113:
2111:
2110:
2103:
2096:
2088:
2080:
2079:
2047:
2040:
2018:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2011:
2010:
2005:
1999:
1998:
1984:
1968:
1965:
1962:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1932:
1930:
1928:Farzian Zainal
1924:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1903:
1901:
1895:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1883:Norfolk Island
1874:
1872:
1866:
1865:
1862:
1859:
1856:
1853:
1846:
1843:
1840:
1839:
1834:
1822:
1815:
1809:
1808:
1803:
1791:
1784:
1778:
1777:
1772:
1760:
1753:
1747:
1746:
1743:7 October 2021
1741:
1729:
1722:
1716:
1715:
1710:
1698:
1696:
1690:
1689:
1684:
1672:
1665:
1659:
1658:
1655:
1652:
1649:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1615:prime minister
1602:
1599:
1530:Matthew Nathan
1485:
1482:
1476:
1473:
1455:to become the
1415:National Party
1404:reserve powers
1390:
1387:
1382:Australia Acts
1350:
1347:
1339:Australia Acts
1323:Earl Beauchamp
1314:
1313:
1303:
1293:
1283:
1273:
1263:
1213:
1210:
1177:
1176:
1166:
1156:
1146:
1136:
1126:
1107:
1104:
1089:state premiers
1083:to act on the
1063:
1062:
1060:
1059:
1052:
1045:
1037:
1034:
1033:
1030:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1004:
999:
994:
988:
987:
974:
973:
970:
969:
964:
959:
954:
949:
944:
939:
934:
929:
924:
919:
914:
909:
903:
896:
895:
892:
891:
888:
887:
882:
877:
875:European Union
872:
867:
862:
860:United Kingdom
857:
850:
849:
844:
837:
836:
829:
828:
823:
818:
813:
806:
805:
794:
793:
784:
783:
777:
770:
769:
766:
765:
762:
761:
756:
751:
746:
741:
736:
731:
726:
720:
713:
712:
709:
708:
705:
704:
699:
692:
691:
686:
681:
675:
668:
667:
664:
663:
660:
659:
654:
649:
644:
637:
636:
631:
626:
621:
614:
613:
608:
603:
598:
593:
588:
582:
581:
575:
568:
567:
564:
563:
560:
559:
554:
547:
546:
544:List of Judges
540:
539:
530:
529:
520:
519:
517:List of Judges
513:
512:
510:Debra Mortimer
503:
502:
493:
492:
487:
482:
477:
472:
467:
461:
460:
451:
450:
442:
435:
434:
431:
430:
427:
426:
420:
419:
409:
408:
399:
398:
388:
387:
377:
376:
367:
366:
356:
355:
345:
344:
323:
322:
314:
307:
306:
303:
302:
299:
298:
292:
291:
282:
281:
272:
271:
268:Richard Marles
264:
263:
255:
254:
247:
246:
243:Prime Minister
238:
231:
230:
227:
226:
223:
222:
216:
215:
207:
206:
200:
199:
191:
184:
183:
180:
179:
173:
172:
162:
161:
149:
148:
134:
133:
48:
46:
39:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5285:
5274:
5271:
5269:
5266:
5264:
5261:
5259:
5256:
5254:
5251:
5249:
5246:
5245:
5243:
5228:
5225:
5223:
5220:
5218:
5215:
5213:
5210:
5208:
5207:Richmond Gaol
5205:
5203:
5200:
5198:
5195:
5193:
5190:
5188:
5185:
5183:
5182:Lennox Bridge
5180:
5178:
5175:
5173:
5170:
5168:
5165:
5163:
5160:
5158:
5155:
5153:
5150:
5148:
5145:
5143:
5140:
5138:
5135:
5133:
5130:
5128:
5125:
5123:
5120:
5119:
5117:
5115:
5114:Convict Sites
5109:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5076:
5075:
5073:
5069:
5062:
5061:
5057:
5054:
5053:
5049:
5048:
5046:
5042:
5035:
5034:
5030:
5027:
5026:
5022:
5019:
5018:
5014:
5011:
5010:
5006:
5003:
5002:
4998:
4995:
4994:
4990:
4987:
4986:
4982:
4979:
4978:
4977:The Playmaker
4974:
4971:
4970:
4966:
4963:
4962:
4958:
4955:
4954:
4950:
4947:
4946:
4942:
4939:
4938:
4934:
4931:
4930:
4926:
4923:
4922:
4918:
4915:
4914:
4910:
4908:
4905:
4904:
4902:
4898:
4891:
4890:
4886:
4883:
4882:
4878:
4875:
4874:
4870:
4867:
4866:
4862:
4859:
4858:
4854:
4851:
4850:
4846:
4843:
4842:
4838:
4835:
4834:
4830:
4829:
4827:
4823:
4816:
4815:
4811:
4808:
4807:
4803:
4800:
4799:
4795:
4792:
4791:
4787:
4784:
4783:
4779:
4776:
4775:
4771:
4768:
4767:
4763:
4760:
4759:
4755:
4752:
4751:
4750:To New Shores
4747:
4744:
4743:
4739:
4736:
4735:
4731:
4728:
4727:
4723:
4720:
4719:
4715:
4712:
4711:
4707:
4704:
4703:
4699:
4696:
4695:
4691:
4688:
4687:
4683:
4680:
4679:
4675:
4672:
4671:
4667:
4664:
4663:
4659:
4656:
4655:
4651:
4648:
4647:
4643:
4642:
4640:
4636:
4629:
4625:
4622:
4618:
4615:
4611:
4608:
4604:
4602:
4599:
4598:
4596:
4592:
4589:
4585:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4554:Isaac Nichols
4552:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4537:
4535:
4532:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4522:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4491:
4489:
4483:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4467:
4464:
4463:
4461:
4457:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4425:Denis Cashman
4423:
4422:
4420:
4416:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4396:
4394:
4390:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4363:Joseph Lycett
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4325:
4323:
4319:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4242:Matthew Brady
4240:
4238:
4235:
4234:
4232:
4228:
4224:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4209:
4207:
4203:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4166:Solomon Levey
4164:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4149:
4147:
4146:William Field
4144:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4136:Daniel Cooper
4134:
4132:
4131:Daniel Connor
4129:
4127:
4126:Enoch Barratt
4124:
4123:
4121:
4119:Entrepreneurs
4117:
4111:
4110:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4098:
4094:
4092:
4091:William Bland
4089:
4088:
4086:
4082:
4079:
4076:and personnel
4073:
4069:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3969:
3967:
3962:
3958:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3924:
3922:
3919:
3918:
3916:
3914:
3913:Convict ships
3910:
3904:
3901:
3898:
3895:
3892:
3889:
3886:
3885:
3882:Wreck of the
3880:
3877:
3876:
3873:Wreck of the
3871:
3868:
3867:
3864:Wreck of the
3862:
3859:
3857:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3844:
3841:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3829:
3826:
3823:
3820:
3819:disappearance
3818:
3814:
3811:
3810:
3805:
3802:
3801:Rum Rebellion
3799:
3796:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3784:
3781:
3778:
3775:
3772:
3769:
3766:
3765:
3763:
3759:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3737:
3733:
3730:
3727:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3674:
3672:
3670:
3666:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3649:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3624:Australia Day
3622:
3620:
3617:
3616:
3613:
3609:
3602:
3597:
3595:
3590:
3588:
3583:
3582:
3579:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3521:Mortgage belt
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3466:Dorothy Dixer
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3441:Caucus revolt
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3418:
3416:
3414:
3408:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3396:Other parties
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3356:
3352:
3348:
3344:
3340:
3337:
3336:
3334:
3332:
3326:
3319:
3315:
3312:
3309:
3305:
3302:
3299:
3295:
3292:
3289:
3285:
3282:
3279:
3275:
3272:
3269:
3265:
3262:
3259:
3255:
3252:
3251:
3249:
3247:
3241:
3235:
3232:
3231:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
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3176:
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3153:
3151:
3148:
3147:
3145:
3143:
3137:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
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3111:
3108:
3106:
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3101:
3098:
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3047:
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3017:
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3010:
3007:
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2997:
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2927:
2926:
2924:
2922:
2916:
2910:
2909:Australia Act
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2896:
2893:
2890:
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2884:
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2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2477:New Brunswick
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
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2296:
2291:
2289:
2284:
2282:
2277:
2276:
2273:
2258:
2257:
2252:
2249:
2248:George Plant
2245:
2242:
2241:
2236:
2233:
2232:
2231:Barbara Baker
2227:
2224:
2223:
2218:
2215:
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2209:
2206:
2205:
2200:
2197:
2196:
2191:
2188:
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2097:
2095:
2090:
2089:
2086:
2072:
2068:
2064:
2057:
2051:
2048:
2043:
2041:9780191058318
2037:
2033:
2029:
2023:
2020:
2013:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
2000:
1996:
1985:
1982:
1971:
1966:
1960:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1938:
1933:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1925:
1922:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
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1900:
1897:
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1836:9 August 2023
1835:
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1797:
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1727:
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1718:
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1711:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1697:
1695:
1694:Barbara Baker
1692:
1691:
1685:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1670:
1666:
1664:
1661:
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1656:
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1616:
1612:
1611:administrator
1608:
1600:
1598:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1565:Barbara Baker
1562:
1558:
1557:Quentin Bryce
1554:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1537:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1483:
1481:
1474:
1472:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1445:
1443:
1442:Michael Field
1439:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1422:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1407:
1405:
1395:
1388:
1386:
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1364:
1360:
1356:
1348:
1346:
1344:
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1331:
1329:
1324:
1320:
1312:(3 June 1974)
1311:
1307:
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1297:
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1242:
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1227:
1222:
1220:
1211:
1209:
1207:
1201:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1187:
1183:
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534:Chief Justice
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507:Chief Justice
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77: –
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71:Find sources:
65:
61:
55:
54:
49:This article
47:
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38:
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32:
27:
19:
5058:
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4788:
4782:Adam's Woman
4780:
4772:
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4756:
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4732:
4724:
4716:
4708:
4700:
4692:
4684:
4676:
4668:
4660:
4652:
4644:
4549:Robert Palin
4534:Mark Jeffrey
4499:John Baughan
4471:James Meehan
4440:Henry Savery
4348:Edmund Edgar
4292:John Mitchel
4282:Michael Howe
4262:Moondyne Joe
4230:and escapees
4196:Samuel Terry
4186:James Squire
4107:
4095:
3960:
3926:Second Fleet
3883:
3874:
3865:
3855:
3846:
3831:
3816:
3808:
3786:
3774:Second Fleet
3702:Maria Island
3629:Emancipation
3476:Faceless men
3456:Despatch box
3426:Bjelkemander
3072:
3041:By-elections
3033:
2899:Constitution
2892:Lower Courts
2813:Commonwealth
2748:South Africa
2743:Sierra Leone
2525:Cook Islands
2507:Saskatchewan
2410:
2403:Sub-national
2254:
2247:
2238:
2229:
2220:
2213:Chris Dawson
2211:
2202:
2193:
2184:
2115:
2071:the original
2065:. Canberra:
2062:
2050:
2031:
2028:Twomey, Anne
2022:
1953:19 June 2023
1870:George Plant
1805:15 July 2022
1782:Chris Dawson
1712:16 June 2021
1623:
1604:
1589:
1581:Sally Thomas
1563:in 2014 and
1538:
1534:Linda Dessau
1518:Alex Chernov
1514:Marie Bashir
1487:
1478:
1446:
1423:
1408:
1400:
1377:
1375:
1371:Colin Hannah
1352:
1332:
1315:
1249:
1234:
1223:
1215:
1202:
1190:
1178:
1109:
1098:in Canada's
1093:
1066:
917:Conservatism
803:in Australia
697:State courts
629:By-elections
578:
524:
497:
445:
416:Peter Dutton
403:
371:
339:
324:
317:
276:
258:
241:
210:
194:
177:Constitution
143:
137:
122:
113:
103:
96:
89:
82:
70:
58:Please help
53:verification
50:
26:
5197:Port Arthur
5088:Rajah Quilt
4726:Transported
4614:Moreton Bay
4514:John Cadman
4476:Joseph Wild
4466:John Baxter
4418:Chroniclers
4392:Politicians
4383:James Walsh
4333:Thomas Bock
4297:Thomas Muir
4272:Martin Cash
4267:John Caesar
4247:Mary Bryant
4227:Bushrangers
4191:John Tawell
4176:Mary Reibey
4171:Simeon Lord
4161:Henry Kable
4141:John Davies
3965:commandants
3931:Third Fleet
3921:First Fleet
3827:(1826–1846)
3780:Third Fleet
3768:First Fleet
3717:Risdon Cove
3707:Port Arthur
3692:Moreton Bay
3687:Sydney Cove
3654:New Holland
3526:Nationalism
3511:Langer vote
3461:Donkey vote
3413:terminology
3065:governments
3046:Referendums
2558:Isle of Man
2487:Nova Scotia
2377:Saint Lucia
2362:New Zealand
2240:Hugh Heggie
1899:Hugh Heggie
1886:1 June 2023
1561:Kate Warner
1522:Hieu Van Le
1506:James Gobbo
1498:Ken Michael
952:Nationalism
855:New Zealand
826:Visa policy
490:Beech-Jones
384:Milton Dick
310:Legislature
204:Charles III
155:Politics of
5242:Categories
5137:Coal Mines
5112:Australian
5001:Jack Maggs
4900:Literature
4825:Television
4774:Botany Bay
4607:Botany Bay
4564:James Ruse
4509:Billy Blue
4205:Architects
3866:George III
3787:Lady Shore
3619:Assignment
3536:Playmander
3411:Political
3401:Historical
3386:One Nation
3329:Political
3274:Queensland
3246:government
2887:High Court
2865:Parliament
2753:Tanganyika
2688:The Gambia
2621:Montserrat
2424:Queensland
2014:References
1686:2 May 2019
1617:, not the
1591:John Landy
1555:succeeded
1526:Vietnamese
1494:Aboriginal
1434:Robin Gray
1266:Queensland
1226:Depression
1212:Federation
1169:Queensland
1081:convention
1002:Queensland
962:Secularism
942:Monarchism
937:Liberalism
899:Ideologies
791:Penny Wong
405:Opposition
395:Tony Burke
363:Penny Wong
220:Sam Mostyn
116:March 2016
86:newspapers
4857:Sara Dane
4574:Mary Wade
4459:Explorers
4353:John Eyre
4343:Knud Bull
4156:Mary Hyde
4047:Macquarie
3961:Governors
3856:Frederick
3697:Redcliffe
3648:1788–1850
3339:Coalition
3142:elections
2921:elections
2728:Mauritius
2616:Gibraltar
2332:Australia
2116:governors
1465:Guy Green
1432:premier,
1417:premier,
1241:Jack Lang
1100:provinces
967:Socialism
932:Hansonism
927:Far-right
912:Christian
907:Anarchism
816:Passports
571:Elections
438:Judiciary
352:Sue Lines
349:President
234:Executive
158:Australia
4953:Moondyne
4881:Banished
4718:Moondyne
4487:convicts
4084:Surgeons
4052:Paterson
4032:Johnston
4017:Franklin
3987:Brisbane
3946:Tasmania
3712:Richmond
3682:Rosehill
3541:Pub test
3421:Battlers
3347:National
3304:Victoria
3294:Tasmania
3234:Timeline
3222:Tas 2028
3217:NSW 2027
3212:Vic 2026
3197:Qld 2024
3192:ACT 2024
3180:Tas 2024
3175:NSW 2023
3170:Vic 2022
3155:Qld 2020
3150:ACT 2020
3053:Timeline
2929:Pre-1972
2919:Federal
2853:Ministry
2738:Pakistan
2673:Barbados
2626:Pitcairn
2581:Anguilla
2553:Guernsey
2472:Manitoba
2439:Victoria
2434:Tasmania
2309:National
2114:Current
1967:See also
1855:Portrait
1651:Portrait
1306:Victoria
1296:Tasmania
1230:Canberra
1159:Victoria
1149:Tasmania
1017:Tasmania
997:Victoria
286:Ministry
187:Monarchy
4321:Artists
4057:Phillip
4007:Denison
3997:Darling
3992:Collins
3736:History
3726:History
3639:Freedom
3343:Liberal
3331:parties
3227:NT 2028
3207:SA 2026
3202:WA 2025
3185:NT 2024
3165:SA 2022
3160:WA 2021
2836:Cabinet
2821:Monarch
2733:Nigeria
2586:Bermuda
2535:Tokelau
2492:Ontario
2462:Alberta
2357:Jamaica
2352:Grenada
2337:Bahamas
2122:of the
1543:, when
1430:Liberal
1319:peerage
1106:Origins
1094:Unlike
1087:of the
485:Gleeson
480:Steward
475:Edelman
381:Speaker
296:Cabinet
196:Monarch
100:scholar
5063:(1988)
5055:(1977)
5036:(2010)
5028:(2008)
5020:(2005)
5012:(2001)
5004:(1997)
4996:(1995)
4988:(1993)
4980:(1987)
4972:(1973)
4964:(1967)
4956:(1879)
4948:(1872)
4940:(1867)
4932:(1861)
4924:(1859)
4916:(1856)
4892:(2015)
4884:(2015)
4876:(2005)
4868:(1983)
4860:(1982)
4852:(1978)
4844:(1962)
4836:(1961)
4817:(2017)
4809:(2009)
4801:(2008)
4793:(1977)
4785:(1970)
4777:(1953)
4769:(1949)
4761:(1944)
4753:(1937)
4745:(1927)
4737:(1926)
4729:(1913)
4721:(1913)
4713:(1911)
4705:(1911)
4697:(1911)
4689:(1911)
4681:(1911)
4673:(1911)
4665:(1911)
4657:(1911)
4649:(1908)
4062:Sorell
4027:Hunter
3982:Bourke
3972:Arthur
3899:(1876)
3893:(1846)
3887:(1835)
3878:(1835)
3869:(1835)
3860:(1834)
3858:escape
3851:(1833)
3849:escape
3847:Badger
3842:(1830)
3836:(1829)
3834:mutiny
3832:Cyprus
3821:(1814)
3812:(1813)
3803:(1808)
3797:(1804)
3791:(1797)
3789:mutiny
3782:(1791)
3776:(1789)
3770:(1788)
3761:Events
3381:Lambie
3371:Katter
3366:Greens
3244:Local
2875:Senate
2763:Uganda
2718:Malawi
2698:Guyana
2678:Ceylon
2666:Former
2563:Jersey
2502:Quebec
2392:Tuvalu
2347:Canada
2342:Belize
2038:
1864:Title
1858:Region
1219:Canada
1085:advice
870:Canada
470:Gordon
413:Leader
392:Leader
360:Leader
341:Senate
102:
95:
88:
81:
73:
5044:Stage
4594:Music
4485:Other
4042:Logan
4022:Gipps
4002:Davey
3977:Bligh
3659:Women
3376:Labor
2723:Malta
2713:Kenya
2703:India
2693:Ghana
2074:(PDF)
2059:(PDF)
1657:Term
1654:Title
1502:Greek
1245:Labor
1069:state
885:India
880:China
465:Keane
397:(ALP)
386:(ALP)
365:(ALP)
354:(ALP)
270:(ALP)
253:(ALP)
107:JSTOR
93:books
4638:Film
4037:King
3884:Neva
3875:Hive
3817:Argo
3566:Worm
3318:list
3308:list
3298:list
3288:list
3278:list
3268:list
3258:list
3035:Next
3029:2022
3024:2019
3019:2016
3014:2013
3009:2010
3004:2007
2999:2004
2994:2001
2989:1998
2984:1996
2979:1993
2974:1990
2969:1987
2964:1984
2959:1983
2954:1980
2949:1977
2944:1975
2939:1974
2934:1972
2683:Fiji
2530:Niue
2177:AIOT
2118:and
2036:ISBN
1861:Term
1852:Name
1648:Name
1605:The
1583:and
847:APEC
611:2007
606:2010
601:2013
596:2016
591:2019
586:2022
418:(LP)
79:news
5071:Art
3963:and
3809:Emu
3391:UAP
3125:ACT
3120:Tas
3105:Qld
3100:Vic
3095:NSW
2162:TAS
2147:QLD
2142:VIC
2137:NSW
842:G20
749:Tas
734:Qld
729:Vic
724:NSW
62:by
5244::
3353:,
3349:,
3345:,
3130:NT
3115:SA
3110:WA
2172:NI
2167:NT
2157:SA
2152:WA
2061:.
1308::
1298::
1288::
1278::
1268::
1258::
1171::
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1151::
1141::
1131::
1121::
801:/
754:NT
744:SA
739:WA
4630:"
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3738:)
3734:(
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3724:(
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3646:(
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3593:t
3586:v
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3256:(
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2839:(
2797:e
2790:t
2783:v
2294:e
2287:t
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2107:e
2100:t
2093:v
2044:.
1524:(
1500:(
1056:e
1049:t
1042:v
129:)
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