1885:
1066:, by which all higher police officers were appointed. The new Russian officers regarded Estonian local affairs with disinterest, and its population was more impartial than the German ones, although they were non-Estonian. The Russification of jurisdiction, although the Baltic legal codes remained unchanged, was taken as well, by which the peasantry had its own courts, the township court, with appeals to the higher court for the peasantry. In 1864, the Russian institution reform was introduced, which brought more impartial justice: the justice of the peace with appeals to the conference of justices of the peace; and the circuit court with appeals to the court chamber. The major problem was that proceedings in the higher court were conducted exclusively in Russian, which meant the Estonians, who did not fluent in Russian, were forced to hire translators or lawyers, involving a prohibitive expense for destitute Estonians.
1079:
206:
221:
1238:
1347:
1330:, in which political parties emerged on a broad basis for the first time, with the largest blocs being the Agrarian League and the Labour Party. The municipal elections in 1917, however, proved the significant fractionalisation of the political spectrum, as the configuration of party groupings was unstable. Predominantly, the moderates dominated the smaller urban areas, while the lefts dominated stronger in the larger industrial cities. In the early course, the soviets that emerged in Estonia were the
1058:
participation in the municipal government. Virtually all
Estonians, in fact, belonged to the third curia since their begeoisie was only beginning to improve its economic position. The 1892 municipal law, in which the franchise base was determined by property value, was implemented in the Baltic provinces; for Estonians, it would increase the possibility of winning over the Baltic German hegemony, and for the begeoisie, it would be a step forward to put all voters in the same place.
374:
32:
1094:, for the allegiance of Estonians. There, the Russification process was also performed for religious purposes. In 1883, in Wiek county, the conversation movement among 3,400 Estonian peasants began, which had the motivation of strong anti-German sentiment. During his first tenure as governor, Shakhovskoy sought to propagate Orthodoxy in his ruling governorate, which caused spiritual dissatisfaction among the Baltic natives who lived under a German-controlled
803:
1260:
collaboration with the imperial
Germans, the Russian authorities closed down German schools and forbade using German in public. Restrictions were also included for using Estonian. About 100,000 men, nearly 10 percent of the Estonian population, were mobilised into the Russian Imperial Army; their extent of casualties is little known, and no reliable sources are available. The Estonians considered that fighting against foes—the Germans and the
1577:
1490:
1038:
1141:
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946:
612:
1362:, took power from the provisional government's commissar. The Bolsheviks were, however, unable to consolidate their power owing to the lack of Bolshevik officials who could replace the former government's public officials; the latter refused and launched the strike. The Estonian Bolsheviks had lost much of their popular support by the end of January 1918, engaging in the cancellation of the
1482:. The scarps of the Ösel and Moon islands and those in the western continental area formed the Silurian Klint. Crystalline rocks formed in the lowest part of the basement; in the northeastern part, the crystalline rocks were 60–70 metres below the surface. Below the surface, the area also consisted of a large amount of phosphorite, especially in Wesenberg deposits, and
1213:, began to scour cities and the countryside for participants in the 1905 revolution; and much of the local committee of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party and Estonian intellectuals were arrested. In the governorate alone, 300 people were executed, 600 received some form of corporal punishment, and 500 were sentenced to
1102:, that Orthodoxy was the quickest way to unite the Estonians into the "great Russian family". Furthermore, in 1885, Alexander III reinstated that children of mixed Lutheran-Orthodox marriages be only baptised as Orthodox, and the reconverts to Lutheranism were again considered members of the state church.
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The area of the
Governorate of Estonia was 17,791.7 square versts (20,248.1 km; 7,817.8 sq mi); of this, 16,290.5 square versts (18,539.6 km; 7,158.2 sq mi) were the mainland and 1,032.7 square versts (1,175.3 km; 453.8 sq mi) were the islands, with 468.5
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In
November 1905, Jaan Tõnisson founded the Estonian Progressive People's Party, which, along with the Baltic German-led Baltic Constitutional Party, was the only legal party in the governorate at that time. The All-Estonian Congress was held by Tõnisson and his moderates on 27–29 November, with the
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With the rise of the liberation movement in Russia, all-Empire questions began to impinge on
Estonian life, as well as a new generation emerged in Estonia. The crucial point in social and political thought was the appearance of journalistic voices for the lower class, engaging in the fade of loyalty
1105:
The major factor that was unavoidable in internal affairs was the gradual introduction of
Russian as the language in administration in 1885; by 1889, Russian had become the language in municipal government and exclusively in higher courts, as well as in communication among all administrative organs.
922:
and laid the groundwork for its growing roles in Baltic politics. As agricultural reforms, the spread of education, increasing communication beyond the Baltic, and the spirit of reformation were factors in the national awakening, from 1860, the
Estonian national movement had gained more support from
1192:
formed in August. The worker strikes broke out in Reval, Narva, and Pernau in
January 1905. In the rural area, 120 manor houses, which were the symbol of Baltic German power, were put to the torch by Estonians. Mass meetings called for peaceful reform in Reval, and the situation remained calm until
1057:
process in
Estonia. In 1877, the Russian urban reform of 1870 took place in the Baltic area. The new law enfranchised men 25 years of age and over, which was divided into three curiae according to the city taxes they paid, replacing the medieval estate-based system that had excluded Estonians from
1259:
was greeted by mixed reactions in the governorate. Within the
Estonian population, there was some enthusiasm for a struggle against a historical enemy; for the Baltic Germans, however, it was unthinkable to fight against their co-nationals—the imperial Germans. Increasingly suspicious of possible
1342:
restricted the establishment of a single regiment due to pressure from the Soviets. Nevertheless, the first Estonian regiment had grown to 8,000 men by the end of July, twice as large as originally intended, and the provisional government approved the formation of a second regiment in September.
1074:
as an instruction language in the third year of the school in 1887 and then the first year in 1892. Initially, the result of Russification was disorganised: many schools, which the Baltic Germans withdrew support for as a protest, were closed; much of the teaching personnel were unable to teach
1279:
was still ongoing. Seeing this moment as an opportunity to fulfil what they had wanted, Jaan Tõnisson and his moderate politicians lobbied the provisional government for changes in the northern Baltic area. In conjunction with a mass demonstration attended by 40,000 Estonians in
2063:
The urban population of the governorate was 77,081, making up 18.68 per cent of the total population. The largest settlements included Reval (64,572), Wesenberg (5,890), Hapsal (3,212), and Weißenstein (2,507). Of the preceding cities, Estonian-speakers formed majorities.
1025:, and others. Many works in this era reflected the condition of rural people and satirised the elites. Publication of Estonian-language print grew rapidly from 1860 to 1900, and the number of books and brochures six times increased, from 55 to 312. According to the
1061:
In 1888–1889, the Russification of the police system took place: the Baltic Germans lost all police powers in the rural township, although they retained powers on their estates; and the police system at county and urban levels was reorganised and placed under the
1069:
Russification policies had also been taken in education: placing all Lutheran rural elementary schools under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Education; creating the position of director and inspector so the ministry insured the state control; and introducing
1208:
In early December, the Russian government began to react with force to what it described as "revolutionary excesses": martial law was declared in Reval and the Harrien County on 10 December; the Russian army and local Baltic German militias, known as
72:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge (XXG).
2051:
The first general census in the Estonia Governorate, conducted in 1881, returned a population of 376,337, consisting of 184,323 men and 192,014 women. By 1887, the population was 393,983, increasing 17,646 over 6 years. The
892:, Estonia Governorate was formed. During the reign of the Swedish kings, there was a tendency towards granting more autonomy to the peasantry, but under the Russian tsars, there was a shift towards tighter regulation.
1264:—was easy to transfer the enmity they felt towards the Baltic Germans, who were the representatives of the German-speaking cultural world; however, the Baltic German leadership also declared encouragement for Russia.
1316:
known as "Estonia". The decree also established a temporary zemstvo with the provincial assembly as its head. In addition, Baltic German-controlled diets and imperial local administrative organs were dissolved.
1052:
In 1885, the new governor of Estonia, Sergey Shakhovskoy, was appointed by Emperor Alexander III, who had seemed to think the father's reforms were a threat to Russian culture; this marked the beginning of the
1434:
in the Pärnu Bay in the south. The land border was 297 versts (317 km; 197 mi) in the west, 469 versts (500 km; 311 mi) in the north, 75 versts (80 km; 50 mi) in the east with
730:
influenced and characterized the governorate by general modernization, the reorganization into a modern European society, and the success of the newly emerged nationalist awareness. The accession of
1267:
By the time the Russian Empire was crumbling, the Estonian desire for unification of the Estonian-speaking area, especially the entire Estonia and northern Livonia, had come into focus. Following the
1884:
923:
rising Estonians. Although many Estonians still continued to assimilate into the German and Russian cultures, many nationwide efforts to promote the Estonian culture were seen, especially for the
1288:
30 March] to reorganise the self-government in the northern Baltic. The decree consisted of the merger of the governorate of Estonia with the northern counties of the governorate of Livonia—
2060:
28 January], including 202,409 men and 210,307 women. The majority of the population indicated Estonian to be their mother tongue, with significant Russian and German speaking minorities.
4377:
975:, which had already existed in the empire; in June 1881, seventeen Estonian societies requested that they do so with equal representations for Germans and Estonians, in a memorandum to
1338:, whom concentrated in major cities and military garrisons. Although permission of principle for the formation of national military units was granted in April, the Minister of War
1466:, where the uplands and plateau structures were interspersed with lowlands and valley structures. It consisted of the limestone plateau, the northern part of which formed the
1205:. Nevertheless, both factions demanded the repeal of Russification; the moderates demanded the unification of Estonia and northern Livonia with an autonomous self-government.
1090:
The Russian Orthodoxy came unexpectedly into the Baltic area in the 1840s, causing the struggle between the Orthodox and the Lutheran churches, which had attended since the
1063:
5212:
1112:, proved this aspect of Russification disorienting. Some of them, who had received their education in German, were able to retool themselves, but it was a long process.
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5612:
3966:[The First General Census of the Russian Empire of 1897. Breakdown of population by mother tongue and districts in 50 Governorates of the European Russia].
2906:
1371:
531:
1078:
3100:
205:
4370:
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16 October; the Russian Army on that day, however, opened fire on a peaceful demonstration on a market square, which was later known as the Tallinn Bloodbath.
1009:, in which he portrayed the mythological adventures of the eponymous hero, who had ended up in chains at the gate of Hell and the promise of a return to home;
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1363:
971:; he opposed the Baltic German dominance and took an anti-clerical position on the Lutheran Church. He had also begun campaigning for the introduction of
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authority permitting that. Following the dispute over the election of vice-chairs, the congress was split into two factions: the moderates, known as the
6200:
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Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
83:
1478:, the highest point in the governorate, was located. In the west, the large area was entirely flat, forming the lowlands of West Estonia and the
3964:"Первая всеобщая перепись населения Российской Империи 1897 г. Распределение населения по родному языку и уездам 50 губерний Европейской России"
1029:, 96.9 per cent of Estonians, 10 years and older, could read and write, making the northern Baltic area the most literate region of the empire.
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4239:
4199:
4178:
4156:
4134:
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of Estonia, Livonia, and its other territories to Russia, whereas Russia paid Sweden compensation of 2 million efimki (1.3 million rubles).
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1505:, which was shared with the Governorate of Livonia. There are about 80 islands in the governorate, of which Dagö (known in modern times as
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1250:
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220:
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888:. In 1783, the Reval Viceroyalty was formed from Reval Governorate, and in 1796, together with Narva county, which was separated from
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6020:
884:), it was established in 1719 by decree of Peter the Great on 29 May, on the territory that was acquired from Sweden, along with the
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Estonian intelligentsia, which had sought equal rights for Estonian as an administrative language and had been rooted in a Baltic
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became the final straw that brought about the revolution, whose impulse had spread into the rural area of the Baltic region; the
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Content in this edit is translated from the existing Estonian Knowledge (XXG) article at ]; see its history for attribution.
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The Manifesto to the Peoples of Estonia, which declared Estonia an independence state, was carried out on 24 February 1918
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4054:"Первая всеобщая перепись населения Российской Империи 1897 г. Распределение населения по вероисповеданиям и регионам"
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1509:) was the largest, with an area of 989 square kilometres (382 sq mi). Other islands in the archipelago were
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4056:[The First General Census of the Russian Empire of 1897. Population distribution by faith and religion].
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1502:
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Collection of information on Geography and Statistics of the Estonia Governorate with an appendix about cities
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112:
1312:—into the consilidated governorate, which accomplished what Carl Robert Jakobson had expressed, creating the
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Russian; and the number of pupils in the governorate declined, from 25,646 to 20,565 between 1886 and 1892.
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had been a prominent figure in the advocation of Estonian literature; she wrote her most important work,
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square versts (533.2 km; 205.9 sq mi) were the of Lake Peipsi as a part the governorate.
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1386:. This was nonetheless a symbolic indication, and the Germans, on the following day, entered Reval.
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Pervaya vseobshchaya perepis' naseleniya Rossiyskoy imperii 1897 goda. 49. Estlyandskaya guberniya
988:
979:. As a result, four of the ten points of the memorandum were implemented at the end of the 1880s.
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The first general census of the population of the Russian Empire in 1897, 49. Estonia Governorate
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Sbornik svedeniy no Geografii i Statistike Estlyandskoy gubernii, s prilozheniem: o gorodishchakh
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Estonia "independent and democratic republic" within its "historical and ethnographical borders"
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5471:² An asterisk (+) indicates governorates formed or created with renaming after 1 January 1914.
4325:Сборникъ свѣдѣній но Географіи и Статистикѣ Эстляндской губерніи, съ приложеніемъ: о городищахъ
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4235:
4214:
4195:
4174:
4152:
4130:
4109:
4021:
4015:
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3160:
3154:
2978:
2636:
2090:
1359:
1091:
893:
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802:
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to the newly established Russian Empire. The Estonia Governorate was established in 1796 when
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4343:Первая всеобщая перепись населенія Россійской имперіи 1897 года. ХLIХ. Эстляндская губернія.
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866:
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700:
488:
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149:
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as the first commissar, followed by, in May, elections of the provincial assembly known as
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5111:
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2185:
2128:
1640:
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1545:
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1448:
1399:
1261:
862:
842:
831:
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383:
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was conducted in 1897, which turned out a population of 412,716 on 9 February 1897 [
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to the crown. Many intellectuals emerged in the post-Russification era; among them were
790:
Until the late 19th century the governorate was administered independently by the local
739:; the previous Baltic civil and criminal codes were replaced with Russian ones, and the
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marked the emergence of the Estonian national movement, which periodised the so-called
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3896:Первая Всеобщая перепись населения Российской империи 1897 года. Эстляндская губерния
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was 20,377 fathoms (37.265 km; 23.156 mi) long, and between Wierland and
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Mechanical workshop of the Friedrich Wigand plant in Reval, photographed in 1914
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has been later considered the national epic. Among Koidula and Kreutzwald were
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in 1918, the Little Russians identified themselves as "Ukrainians". Also, the
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1822:
1807:
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that came on 24 February 1918 marked the permanently end for the governorate.
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326:
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indicates renamed or abolished governorates, oblasts, etc on 1 January 1914.
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763:; in response, the Russian government suppressed the revolution by declaring
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forced Russia to cede to Sweden possessions along the southern shore of the
663:
4040:
3945:
3933:
3909:
4350:]. Central Statistical Committee of the Ministry of Internal Affairs.
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and then to Western Europe; both had reasons to fear for their freedom.
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1506:
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1218:
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1167:, who represented a renewal of the moderate political orientation, and
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to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
1098:. In 1886, Shakhovskoy suggested to the procurator of the Holy Synod,
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1852:
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in Petrograd, the Estonian Military Revolutionary Committee, led by
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From 1561, Estonia had been under the control as a dominion of the
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400:
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on 24 February, with Konstantin Päts being the leader of the new
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to flee abroad. The governorate gained more territories from the
723:) was the administrative centre where the governor had his seat.
4332:]. Reval: Estonia Gubernatorial Statistical Committee. 1889.
3021:
which the White Russians identified themselves as "Belarusians".
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in Reval is the symbol of the Orthodox Church in the Governorate
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along the Neva, and 371 versts (396 km; 246 mi) with
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In April, the provisional government appointed the Reval Mayor
759:
and organized its first congress in 1905, in the course of the
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was 18,669.3 fathoms (34.1424 km; 21.2151 mi) long.
1374:
in southern Livonia and Estonia and the Bolsheviks fleeing to
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as the Russians, in 1558, invaded Livonia, which prompted the
25:
1812:
1819–1832 Gotthard Wilhelm Freiherr von Budberg-Bönninghausen
4231:
Russification in the Baltic Provinces and Finland, 1855-1914
1901:
1863:
16 March 1905 – October 1905 Aleksey Aleksandrovich Lopukhin
3042:
The Baltic States from 1914 to 1923 By LtCol Andrew Parrott
999:(The Nightingale of Emajõgi), which was published in 1867.
3001:
Prior to 1918, the Imperial Russian Government classified
2068:
Linguistic composition of the Estonia Governorate in 1897
3717:
3715:
3687:
3685:
3672:
3670:
3481:
3479:
3454:
3452:
3427:
3425:
3376:
3374:
2590:
Religious composition of the Estonia Governorate in 1897
2340:
Religious composition of the Estonia Governorate in 1881
1838:
Prince Mikhail Valentinovich Shakhovskoy-Glebov-Strezhnev
3831:
3829:
3816:
3814:
1604:) of the Governorate of Estonia in 1897 were as follow:
818:, in which nobilies swore obedience to the Swedish king
1418:
in the south. The westernmost point was Cape Kalana in
1394:
The Governorate of Estonia was the northernmost of the
735:
in 1881 marked the beginning of a period of more rigid
4337:
Tronitsky, Nikolay A.; Neudachin, Vladimir V. (1905).
3702:
3700:
2897:
Its urban population was 18.68% and rural was 81.32%.
1155:
and later head of the Estonian Provisional Government.
3921:
3561:
3559:
3557:
3508:
3506:
3361:
3359:
3298:
3296:
3271:
3269:
3256:
3254:
3229:
3227:
3202:
3200:
2962:
1830:
1859–1868 Wilhelm Otto Cornelius Alexander von Ulrich
1827:
1842–1859 Johann Christoph Engelbrecht von Grünewaldt
1134:, founder of the Estonian Progressive People's Party.
814:
following the annexation of the northern part of the
783:
on 12 April 1917, and lasted for nearly a year. The
65:
6011:
5949:
5878:
5775:
5709:
5526:
5407:
5372:
5268:
5211:
5168:
5043:
4994:
4960:
4846:
4393:
4017:
Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction
1580:
Administrative divisions of the Estonia Governorate
1406:in the west, the Gulf of Finland in the north, the
335:
324:
316:
308:
303:
295:
287:
282:
270:
256:
248:
240:
230:
133:
841:Seeking to regain lost territories, in 1701, Tsar
3013:as the White Russians. After the creation of the
853:but later gained triumphs. In 1710, the Russians
4041:Estonia Gubernatorial Statistical Committee 1889
3946:Estonia Gubernatorial Statistical Committee 1889
3934:Estonia Gubernatorial Statistical Committee 1889
3910:Estonia Gubernatorial Statistical Committee 1889
1462:Physically, the governorate was situated on the
806:German and Russian map of Governorate of Estonia
2907:Administrative divisions of Russia in 1719-1725
1474:and Jõhvi Uplands; the Pandivere was where the
896:remained in place until its abolition in 1816.
3859:
3847:
1833:1868–1870 Mikhail Nikolaiyevich Galkin-Vraskoy
1486:oil shales within the Baltic Oil Shale Basin.
865:, which were incorporated into Russia. In the
156:
90:accompanying your translation by providing an
56:Click for important translation instructions.
43:expand this article with text translated from
5500:
4371:
1585:
845:and his allies invaded Sweden, beginning the
634:
141:
8:
4099:(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
3958:
3956:
3954:
3805:
1892:
1888:Bread retailed from street counters in Reval
1447:in the south. The provincial border between
1378:, the Estonian Provincial Assembly asserted
171:
2997:
2995:
2993:
5955:
5884:
5781:
5715:
5507:
5493:
5485:
4378:
4364:
4356:
3993:. Princeton University Press. p. 83.
2588:
2338:
2066:
2054:first-and-only organised nationwide census
1891:
1872:1907–1915 Izmail Vladimirovich Korostovets
1866:1905–1906 Nikolay Georgiyevich von Bünting
1745:
1606:
1532:The governorate consisted of the northern
869:of 1721, Sweden formally ceded its former
641:
627:
347:
291:20,246.7 km (7,817.3 sq mi)
130:
4278:
1284:, the government agreed on 12 April [
849:. He initially met with setbacks by King
719:(known in Russian as Revel, contemporary
4173:. Tallinn: Estonian Academy Publishers.
4171:Geology and Mineral Resources of Estonia
1575:
1188:organised activity in Estonia, with its
19:For the governorate from 1917–1918, see
4211:Russia's Western Borderlands, 1710-1870
3793:
3721:
3691:
3676:
3625:
3601:
3589:
3577:
3548:
3524:
3485:
3470:
3458:
3431:
3416:
3404:
3392:
3380:
3350:
3338:
3314:
3245:
3191:
3087:
3075:
3034:
2928:
1875:1915–1917 Pyotr Vladimirovich Veryovkin
1847:Prince Sergey Vladimirovich Shakhovskoy
1802:Duke Paul Friedrich August of Oldenburg
1793:Duke Peter Friedrich Georg of Oldenburg
1501:In the west, it is the location of the
1398:, located on the southern shore of the
963:The prominent figure in the period was
918:that led to the birth of a distinctive
361:
350:
302:
294:
281:
255:
239:
229:
217:
199:
4149:A Concise History of the Baltic States
4020:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 429.
3835:
3820:
1893:Population of the Estonian Governorate
1364:Estonian Constituent Assembly election
1186:Russian Social Democratic Labour Party
900:Rise of the Estonian cultural identity
880:after the city of Reval (now known as
5475:Ostsee or Baltic general-governorship
1784:Heinrich Johann Freiherr von Wrangell
1275:was proclaimed, and the clash on the
334:
323:
315:
307:
286:
269:
247:
7:
3781:
3769:
3757:
3745:
3733:
3706:
3661:
3649:
3637:
3613:
3565:
3536:
3512:
3497:
3443:
3365:
3326:
3302:
3287:
3275:
3260:
3233:
3218:
3206:
3179:
1842:1875–1885 Viktor Petrovich Polivanov
1251:Estonian Declaration of Independence
1233:World War I and path to independence
102:{{Translated|et|Eestimaa kubermang}}
794:through a feudal Regional Council.
4387:Subdivisions of the Russian Empire
4209:Thaden, Edward C. (14 July 2014).
3156:The Baltic States and Their Region
1869:1906–1907 Pyotr Petrovich Bashilov
1536:, approximately corresponding to:
1493:Painting of the port of Reval, by
1221:or elsewhere. Konstantin Päts and
925:Estonian-language Alexander School
14:
1564:counties, and a small portion of
1247:Autonomous Governorate of Estonia
1201:; and the radicals, known as the
910:The early course of the reign of
834:, including northern Livonia and
675:. It was located in the northern
21:Autonomous Governorate of Estonia
4126:The History of the Baltic States
4014:Fortson IV, Benjamin W. (2011).
2862:Other non-Christian denomination
1859:Aleksey Valerianovich Bellegarde
1139:
1124:
610:
372:
219:
204:
30:
4169:; Teedumäe, Aada, eds. (1997).
1823:Paul Friedrich von Benckendorff
699:reign and was confirmed by the
4234:. Princeton University Press.
4213:. Princeton University Press.
4151:. Cambridge University Press.
3103:. Estonica.org. Archived from
3019:Belarusian Democratic Republic
1853:Yefstafiy Nikolaiyevich Skalon
1273:Russian Provisional Government
1225:, the radical leader, fled to
659:Esthonia (Estland) Governorate
225:Location in the Russian Empire
100:You may also add the template
1:
6245:1721 establishments in Russia
3127:"Estonian national awakening"
3061:William Henry Beable (1919),
2974:Est(h)ländisches Gouvernement
1788:1797–1808 Andreas von Langell
1370:21–22 January]. With the
1001:Friedrich Reinhold Kreutzwald
957:Friedrich Reinhold Kreutzwald
703:, which ceded territory from
128:Governorate in Russian Empire
4267:Dynamiques Environnementales
4194:. Hoover Institution Press.
4123:O'Connor, Kelvin C. (2015).
4104:Jackson, J. Hampden (1948).
3009:as the Little Russians, and
2845:Other Christian denomination
1437:Saint Petersburg Governorate
1408:Saint Petersburg Governorate
1064:Minister of Internal Affairs
936:Society of Estonian Literati
890:Saint Petersburg Governorate
726:From the 1850s to 1914, the
484:Duchy of Estonia (1561–1721)
5701:Restoration of independence
5618:Declaration of Independence
4228:Thaden, Edward C. (2014b).
3991:Kiev: A Portrait, 1800–1917
3153:Smith, David James (2005).
3063:Russian Gazetteer and Guide
3015:Ukrainian People's Republic
2963:
2873:
2870:
2867:
2864:
2856:
2853:
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2719:
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2706:
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2700:
2697:
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2668:
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2659:
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2646:
2643:
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2630:
2627:
2624:
2621:
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2559:
2556:
2548:
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2539:
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2528:
2525:
2522:
2514:
2511:
2508:
2505:
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2494:
2491:
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2480:
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2457:
2454:
2446:
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2437:
2429:
2426:
2423:
2420:
2412:
2409:
2406:
2403:
2395:
2392:
2389:
2386:
2378:
2375:
2372:
2369:
2310:
2307:
2304:
2301:
2293:
2290:
2287:
2284:
2274:
2271:
2268:
2265:
2255:
2252:
2249:
2246:
2236:
2233:
2230:
2227:
2217:
2214:
2211:
2208:
2198:
2195:
2192:
2189:
2179:
2176:
2173:
2170:
2160:
2157:
2154:
2151:
2141:
2138:
2135:
2132:
2122:
2119:
2116:
2113:
2103:
2100:
2097:
2094:
1808:Berend Freiherr von Uexküll
1402:. It was bordered with the
940:all-Estonian song festivals
906:Estonian national awakening
728:Estonian national awakening
585:Restoration of independence
550:Declaration of Independence
113:Knowledge (XXG):Translation
6266:
5696:Declaration of sovereignty
3922:Russian Empire census 1905
3860:Raukas & Teedumäe 1997
3848:Raukas & Teedumäe 1997
1519:Groß Pakri and Klein Pakri
1366:held on 3–4 February [
1244:
1084:Alexander Nevsky Cathedral
903:
64:Machine translation, like
18:
6159:
5958:
5887:
5784:
5718:
5463:
4191:Estonia and the Estonians
3989:Hamm, Michael F. (2014).
3065:, London: Russian Outlook
2952:
2942:
2603:
2600:
2597:
2594:
2353:
2350:
2347:
2344:
2044:
1919:—
1732:(2,216.0 sq mi)
1707:(1,813.9 sq mi)
1682:(1,108.6 sq mi)
1670:Вейсенштейнскій/Ервенскій
1657:(2,758.0 sq mi)
1645:Везенбергскій/Вирляндскій
1620:
1617:
1614:
1609:
1586:
1470:. The highest areas were
1336:Socialist Revolutionaries
1180:In 1905, the massacre on
920:Estonian national culture
916:Estonian age of awakening
681:West Estonian archipelago
679:with some islands in the
218:
200:
191:
142:
45:the corresponding article
5789:Administrative divisions
4342:
4324:
4108:. G. Allen & Unwin.
3873:
1572:Administrative divisions
1426:near the city of Narva;
1100:Konstantin Pobedonostsev
761:First Russian Revolution
299:166 m (545 ft)
137:
16:1796–1917 unit of Russia
4313:Government publications
4280:10.4000/dynenviron.2230
4263:"Briefly about Estonia"
4188:Raun, Toivo U. (1991).
4096:Encyclopædia Britannica
3132:Encyclopædia Britannica
3005:as the Great Russians,
2964:Estlyándskaya gubérniya
1308:, and some portions of
982:Also in this era, poet
771:and the radical leader
111:For more guidance, see
6240:Governorate of Estonia
5477:was abolished in 1876.
5160:Baku (Gradonachalstvo)
3877:(in Russian). Руниверс
2982:
2973:
2953:Эстля́ндская губе́рнія
2948:pre-reform orthography
2943:Эстля́ндская губе́рния
1889:
1817:Otto Wilhelm von Essen
1720:Ревельскій/Гарріенскій
1601:
1581:
1498:
1445:Governorate of Livonia
1412:Governorate of Livonia
1384:provisional government
1351:
1242:
1087:
1049:
969:Governorate of Livonia
967:from the neighbouring
960:
816:Livonian Confederation
807:
792:Baltic German nobility
777:Governorate of Livonia
757:National Liberal Party
711:reforms abolished the
655:Governorate of Estonia
296:Highest elevation
172:
157:
135:Governorate of Estonia
6216:59.43722°N 24.74528°E
5645:Occupation of Estonia
4251:Academic publications
3048:19 March 2009 at the
1887:
1615:Administrative centre
1579:
1492:
1410:in the east, and the
1354:After the successful
1349:
1240:
1081:
1040:
948:
805:
785:Estonian independence
411:Baltic Finnic peoples
320:20/km (53/sq mi)
84:copyright attribution
5376:Galicia and Bukovina
5045:Caucasus Viceroyalty
4584:Little Russia (1796)
4577:Little Russia (1764)
3874:Эстляндская губерния
3101:"National awakening"
1503:Moonsund archipelago
1480:Moonsund archipelago
1468:North Estonian Klint
965:Carl Robert Jakobson
959:, published in 1862.
657:, also known as the
590:Contemporary Estonia
317: • Density
173:Gouvernement Estland
143:Эстляндская губерния
6250:Baltic governorates
6212: /
5686:Government-in-exile
5623:War of Independence
5170:Baltic Governorates
3748:, pp. 101–102.
3341:, pp. 306–307.
2912:Baltic governorates
2591:
2341:
2069:
1894:
1742:Supernumerary towns
1695:Гапсальскій/Викскій
1464:East European Plain
1422:; in the east, the
1396:Baltic governorates
1269:February Revolution
1082:Built in 1894, the
715:. The port city of
669:Baltic governorates
555:War of Independence
6221:59.43722; 24.74528
5927:Telecommunications
5691:Singing Revolution
5672:Estonian partisans
5593:Great Northern War
5422:Emirate of Bukhara
5053:Baku (Governorate)
3850:, p. 331–332.
3107:on 15 October 2022
2983:Eestimaa kubermang
2808:Armenian Apostolic
2589:
2339:
2067:
1890:
1582:
1499:
1356:October Revolution
1352:
1340:Alexander Kerensky
1243:
1088:
1050:
1023:Friedrich Kuhlbars
1003:composed his epic
961:
949:The national epic
847:Great Northern War
808:
691:. Previously, the
661:, was a province (
617:Estonia portal
580:Singing Revolution
527:National awakening
499:Great Northern War
309: • Total
288: • Total
158:Eestimaa kubermang
92:interlanguage link
6195:
6194:
6155:
6154:
5983:Estonian language
5945:
5944:
5874:
5873:
5841:Political parties
5804:Foreign relations
5771:
5770:
5613:German occupation
5563:German Bishoprics
5482:
5481:
5428:Khanate of Kokand
5018:Semirechye Oblast
4618:Novgorod-Seversky
4241:978-1-4008-5718-0
4201:978-0-8179-9131-9
4180:978-9985-50-185-6
4158:978-0-521-83372-1
4136:978-1-61069-916-7
4115:978-0-598-50516-3
4027:978-1-4443-5968-8
4000:978-1-4008-5151-5
3166:978-90-420-1666-8
2961:
2950:
2895:
2894:
2827:Armenian Catholic
2587:
2586:
2537:Mansfield's faith
2332:
2331:
2049:
2048:
1774:
1773:
1739:
1738:
1360:Viktor Kingissepp
1314:autonomous polity
1092:Northern Crusades
878:Reval Governorate
749:Estonian language
713:Reval Viceroyalty
693:Reval Governorate
667:) and one of the
651:
650:
575:Soviet occupation
532:German occupation
346:
345:
124:
123:
57:
53:
6257:
6227:
6226:
6224:
6223:
6222:
6217:
6213:
6210:
6209:
6208:
6205:
6175:
6168:
5956:
5885:
5861:
5782:
5748:Populated places
5716:
5608:Age of Awakening
5553:Livonian Crusade
5509:
5502:
5495:
5486:
5448:Khanate of Khiva
5081:Georgia-Imeretia
5023:Syr-Darya Oblast
4980:Siberian Kirghiz
4905:Orenburg Kirghiz
4698:Saint Petersburg
4380:
4373:
4366:
4357:
4351:
4333:
4307:
4305:
4303:
4282:
4245:
4224:
4205:
4184:
4162:
4145:Plakans, Andrejs
4140:
4119:
4100:
4092:
4090:"Esthonia"
4070:
4069:
4067:
4065:
4058:www.demoscope.ru
4050:
4044:
4038:
4032:
4031:
4011:
4005:
4004:
3986:
3980:
3979:
3977:
3975:
3968:www.demoscope.ru
3960:
3949:
3943:
3937:
3931:
3925:
3919:
3913:
3907:
3901:
3900:
3893:
3887:
3886:
3884:
3882:
3869:
3863:
3857:
3851:
3845:
3839:
3833:
3824:
3818:
3809:
3803:
3797:
3791:
3785:
3779:
3773:
3767:
3761:
3755:
3749:
3743:
3737:
3731:
3725:
3719:
3710:
3704:
3695:
3689:
3680:
3674:
3665:
3659:
3653:
3647:
3641:
3635:
3629:
3623:
3617:
3611:
3605:
3599:
3593:
3587:
3581:
3575:
3569:
3563:
3552:
3546:
3540:
3534:
3528:
3522:
3516:
3510:
3501:
3495:
3489:
3483:
3474:
3468:
3462:
3456:
3447:
3441:
3435:
3429:
3420:
3414:
3408:
3402:
3396:
3390:
3384:
3378:
3369:
3363:
3354:
3348:
3342:
3336:
3330:
3324:
3318:
3312:
3306:
3300:
3291:
3285:
3279:
3273:
3264:
3258:
3249:
3243:
3237:
3231:
3222:
3216:
3210:
3204:
3195:
3189:
3183:
3177:
3171:
3170:
3150:
3144:
3143:
3141:
3139:
3123:
3117:
3116:
3114:
3112:
3097:
3091:
3085:
3079:
3073:
3067:
3066:
3058:
3052:
3039:
3022:
2999:
2988:
2966:
2956:
2954:
2946:
2944:
2933:
2637:Eastern Orthodox
2592:
2384:Eastern Orthodox
2342:
2070:
1908:
1903:
1895:
1797:1809–1811 vacant
1760:Baltiysky Port (
1746:
1635:Name in Russian
1607:
1589:
1588:
1255:The outbreak of
1171:, the editor of
1143:
1128:
997:
933:
886:Riga Governorate
876:Initially named
867:Treaty of Nystad
828:Treaty of Plussa
779:and was granted
741:Russian language
701:Treaty of Nystad
643:
636:
629:
615:
614:
613:
444:Livonian Crusade
428:Medieval Estonia
416:Ancient counties
376:
366:
348:
223:
208:
183:
175:
168:
160:
153:
145:
144:
131:
103:
97:
70:Google Translate
55:
51:
34:
33:
26:
6265:
6264:
6260:
6259:
6258:
6256:
6255:
6254:
6230:
6229:
6220:
6218:
6214:
6211:
6206:
6203:
6201:
6199:
6198:
6196:
6191:
6178:
6171:
6164:
6151:
6127:Public holidays
6007:
5941:
5870:
5859:
5831:Law enforcement
5767:
5753:Protected areas
5705:
5635:Interwar period
5628:Battle of Võnnu
5603:Russian Livonia
5598:Russian Estonia
5588:Swedish Estonia
5548:Ancient Estonia
5522:
5513:
5483:
5478:
5472:
5470:
5459:
5454:Zeravshan Okrug
5435:Russian America
5403:
5375:
5374:Governorates of
5368:
5264:
5207:
5164:
5039:
4990:
4956:
4842:
4721:Sloboda Ukraine
4612:Nizhny Novgorod
4397:
4389:
4384:
4354:
4344:
4336:
4326:
4319:
4315:
4310:
4301:
4299:
4273:(42): 284–291.
4257:
4253:
4248:
4242:
4227:
4221:
4208:
4202:
4187:
4181:
4165:
4159:
4143:
4137:
4122:
4116:
4103:
4083:
4079:
4074:
4073:
4063:
4061:
4052:
4051:
4047:
4039:
4035:
4028:
4013:
4012:
4008:
4001:
3988:
3987:
3983:
3973:
3971:
3962:
3961:
3952:
3944:
3940:
3932:
3928:
3920:
3916:
3908:
3904:
3898:
3894:
3890:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3871:
3870:
3866:
3858:
3854:
3846:
3842:
3834:
3827:
3819:
3812:
3804:
3800:
3792:
3788:
3780:
3776:
3768:
3764:
3756:
3752:
3744:
3740:
3732:
3728:
3720:
3713:
3705:
3698:
3690:
3683:
3675:
3668:
3660:
3656:
3648:
3644:
3636:
3632:
3624:
3620:
3612:
3608:
3600:
3596:
3588:
3584:
3576:
3572:
3564:
3555:
3547:
3543:
3535:
3531:
3523:
3519:
3511:
3504:
3496:
3492:
3484:
3477:
3469:
3465:
3457:
3450:
3442:
3438:
3430:
3423:
3415:
3411:
3403:
3399:
3391:
3387:
3379:
3372:
3364:
3357:
3349:
3345:
3337:
3333:
3325:
3321:
3313:
3309:
3301:
3294:
3286:
3282:
3274:
3267:
3259:
3252:
3244:
3240:
3232:
3225:
3217:
3213:
3205:
3198:
3190:
3186:
3178:
3174:
3167:
3152:
3151:
3147:
3137:
3135:
3125:
3124:
3120:
3110:
3108:
3099:
3098:
3094:
3086:
3082:
3074:
3070:
3060:
3059:
3055:
3050:Wayback Machine
3040:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3025:
3000:
2991:
2987:
2934:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2903:
2337:
2082:Native speakers
1882:
1779:
1770:Harrien County
1744:
1731:
1730:5,739.5 km
1706:
1705:4,697.9 km
1681:
1680:2,871.2 km
1656:
1655:7,143.2 km
1622:
1584:The districts (
1574:
1495:Ivan Aivazovsky
1457:Fellin counties
1453:Dorpat counties
1400:Gulf of Finland
1392:
1271:in Russia, the
1253:
1245:Main articles:
1235:
1169:Konstantin Päts
1160:
1159:
1158:
1157:
1156:
1147:Konstantin Päts
1144:
1136:
1135:
1129:
1118:
1116:1905 Revolution
1035:
991:
927:
908:
902:
832:Gulf of Finland
800:
769:Konstantin Päts
745:German language
695:existed during
647:
611:
609:
595:
594:
560:Interwar period
545:
537:
536:
522:Russian Livonia
517:Russian Estonia
512:
511:Russian Estonia
504:
503:
494:Swedish Livonia
474:
472:Swedish Estonia
464:
463:
429:
421:
420:
386:
384:Ancient Estonia
364:
357:
261:
226:
214:
213:
212:
211:
196:
187:
186:
177:
162:
147:
136:
129:
120:
119:
118:
101:
95:
58:
35:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
6263:
6261:
6253:
6252:
6247:
6242:
6232:
6231:
6193:
6192:
6190:
6189:
6184:
6177:
6176:
6169:
6161:
6160:
6157:
6156:
6153:
6152:
6150:
6149:
6144:
6139:
6134:
6129:
6124:
6119:
6114:
6109:
6104:
6099:
6094:
6093:
6092:
6085:
6073:
6068:
6063:
6058:
6053:
6051:Estonian names
6048:
6043:
6038:
6033:
6028:
6023:
6017:
6015:
6009:
6008:
6006:
6005:
6000:
5995:
5990:
5985:
5980:
5975:
5970:
5965:
5959:
5953:
5947:
5946:
5943:
5942:
5940:
5939:
5934:
5929:
5924:
5919:
5917:Stock exchange
5914:
5909:
5904:
5899:
5894:
5888:
5882:
5876:
5875:
5872:
5871:
5869:
5868:
5863:
5853:
5851:Prime Minister
5848:
5843:
5838:
5833:
5828:
5823:
5822:
5821:
5811:
5806:
5801:
5796:
5791:
5785:
5779:
5773:
5772:
5769:
5768:
5766:
5765:
5760:
5755:
5750:
5745:
5740:
5735:
5730:
5728:Extreme points
5725:
5719:
5713:
5707:
5706:
5704:
5703:
5698:
5693:
5688:
5682:
5681:
5676:
5675:
5674:
5669:
5667:Ants Kaljurand
5659:
5654:
5653:
5652:
5642:
5640:Era of Silence
5637:
5632:
5631:
5630:
5620:
5615:
5610:
5605:
5600:
5595:
5590:
5585:
5583:Polish Livonia
5580:
5575:
5573:Baltic Germans
5570:
5568:Livonian Order
5565:
5560:
5558:Danish Estonia
5555:
5550:
5545:
5544:
5543:
5532:
5530:
5524:
5523:
5514:
5512:
5511:
5504:
5497:
5489:
5480:
5479:
5464:
5461:
5460:
5458:
5457:
5450:
5445:
5442:Uryankhay Krai
5438:
5431:
5424:
5419:
5411:
5409:
5405:
5404:
5402:
5401:
5396:
5391:
5386:
5380:
5378:
5370:
5369:
5367:
5366:
5361:
5354:
5347:
5342:
5335:
5330:
5325:
5318:
5313:
5308:
5301:
5296:
5291:
5286:
5278:
5276:
5266:
5265:
5263:
5262:
5257:
5252:
5247:
5242:
5237:
5232:
5227:
5225:Abo-Byorneborg
5221:
5219:
5209:
5208:
5206:
5205:
5200:
5193:
5186:
5181:
5175:
5173:
5166:
5165:
5163:
5162:
5157:
5152:
5147:
5142:
5137:
5132:
5125:
5120:
5115:
5108:
5103:
5096:
5091:
5084:
5077:
5072:
5067:
5060:
5055:
5049:
5047:
5041:
5040:
5038:
5037:
5032:
5025:
5020:
5015:
5010:
5004:
5002:
5000:Turkestan Krai
4992:
4991:
4989:
4988:
4983:
4976:
4970:
4968:
4958:
4957:
4955:
4954:
4949:
4944:
4939:
4932:
4925:
4920:
4915:
4908:
4901:
4894:
4887:
4882:
4877:
4872:
4865:
4858:
4852:
4850:
4844:
4843:
4841:
4840:
4835:
4833:Yekaterinoslav
4830:
4825:
4818:
4813:
4808:
4803:
4798:
4791:
4786:
4781:
4776:
4771:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4751:
4746:
4741:
4736:
4731:
4724:
4717:
4712:
4705:
4700:
4695:
4690:
4685:
4680:
4675:
4668:
4663:
4656:
4651:
4646:
4641:
4636:
4631:
4626:
4621:
4614:
4609:
4602:
4597:
4592:
4587:
4580:
4573:
4566:
4561:
4556:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4534:
4529:
4524:
4517:
4512:
4507:
4502:
4495:
4488:
4481:
4476:
4471:
4464:
4457:
4450:
4445:
4438:
4433:
4430:Archangelgorod
4426:
4421:
4414:
4405:
4403:
4391:
4390:
4385:
4383:
4382:
4375:
4368:
4360:
4353:
4352:
4334:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4308:
4254:
4252:
4249:
4247:
4246:
4240:
4225:
4219:
4206:
4200:
4185:
4179:
4163:
4157:
4141:
4135:
4129:. Bloomsbury.
4120:
4114:
4101:
4087:, ed. (1911).
4085:Chisholm, Hugh
4080:
4078:
4075:
4072:
4071:
4045:
4033:
4026:
4006:
3999:
3981:
3950:
3938:
3926:
3924:, p. 123.
3914:
3902:
3888:
3864:
3862:, p. 314.
3852:
3840:
3838:, p. 290.
3825:
3823:, p. 286.
3810:
3798:
3796:, p. 297.
3786:
3784:, p. 105.
3774:
3772:, p. 104.
3762:
3760:, p. 102.
3750:
3738:
3736:, p. 101.
3726:
3724:, p. 296.
3711:
3709:, p. 100.
3696:
3694:, p. 295.
3681:
3679:, p. 287.
3666:
3654:
3642:
3630:
3628:, p. 274.
3618:
3606:
3604:, p. 273.
3594:
3592:, p. 272.
3582:
3580:, p. 278.
3570:
3553:
3551:, p. 271.
3541:
3529:
3527:, p. 270.
3517:
3502:
3490:
3488:, p. 310.
3475:
3473:, p. 259.
3463:
3461:, p. 325.
3448:
3436:
3434:, p. 324.
3421:
3419:, p. 317.
3409:
3407:, p. 316.
3397:
3395:, p. 309.
3385:
3383:, p. 308.
3370:
3355:
3353:, p. 307.
3343:
3331:
3319:
3317:, p. 318.
3307:
3292:
3280:
3265:
3250:
3248:, p. 306.
3238:
3223:
3211:
3196:
3194:, p. 122.
3184:
3172:
3165:
3145:
3118:
3092:
3080:
3068:
3053:
3033:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3024:
3023:
2989:
2986:
2985:
2976:
2967:
2935:
2927:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2915:
2914:
2909:
2902:
2899:
2893:
2892:
2889:
2886:
2883:
2880:
2876:
2875:
2872:
2869:
2866:
2863:
2859:
2858:
2855:
2852:
2849:
2846:
2842:
2841:
2838:
2835:
2832:
2829:
2823:
2822:
2819:
2816:
2813:
2810:
2804:
2803:
2800:
2797:
2794:
2791:
2785:
2784:
2781:
2778:
2775:
2772:
2766:
2765:
2762:
2759:
2756:
2753:
2747:
2746:
2743:
2740:
2737:
2734:
2728:
2727:
2724:
2721:
2718:
2715:
2709:
2708:
2705:
2702:
2699:
2696:
2690:
2689:
2686:
2683:
2680:
2677:
2671:
2670:
2667:
2664:
2661:
2658:
2656:Roman Catholic
2652:
2651:
2648:
2645:
2642:
2639:
2633:
2632:
2629:
2626:
2623:
2620:
2614:
2613:
2610:
2606:
2605:
2602:
2599:
2596:
2585:
2584:
2581:
2578:
2575:
2572:
2568:
2567:
2564:
2561:
2558:
2555:
2551:
2550:
2547:
2544:
2541:
2538:
2534:
2533:
2530:
2527:
2524:
2521:
2517:
2516:
2513:
2510:
2507:
2504:
2500:
2499:
2496:
2493:
2490:
2487:
2483:
2482:
2479:
2476:
2473:
2470:
2466:
2465:
2462:
2459:
2456:
2453:
2449:
2448:
2445:
2442:
2439:
2436:
2432:
2431:
2428:
2425:
2422:
2419:
2418:Roman Catholic
2415:
2414:
2411:
2408:
2405:
2402:
2398:
2397:
2394:
2391:
2388:
2385:
2381:
2380:
2377:
2374:
2371:
2368:
2364:
2363:
2360:
2356:
2355:
2352:
2349:
2346:
2336:
2333:
2330:
2329:
2326:
2323:
2320:
2317:
2313:
2312:
2309:
2306:
2303:
2300:
2296:
2295:
2292:
2289:
2286:
2283:
2277:
2276:
2273:
2270:
2267:
2264:
2262:Little Russian
2258:
2257:
2254:
2251:
2248:
2245:
2239:
2238:
2235:
2232:
2229:
2226:
2220:
2219:
2216:
2213:
2210:
2207:
2201:
2200:
2197:
2194:
2191:
2188:
2182:
2181:
2178:
2175:
2172:
2169:
2163:
2162:
2159:
2156:
2153:
2150:
2144:
2143:
2140:
2137:
2134:
2131:
2125:
2124:
2121:
2118:
2115:
2112:
2106:
2105:
2102:
2099:
2096:
2093:
2087:
2086:
2083:
2080:
2077:
2074:
2047:
2046:
2042:
2041:
2038:
2035:
2031:
2030:
2027:
2024:
2020:
2019:
2016:
2013:
2009:
2008:
2005:
2002:
1998:
1997:
1994:
1991:
1987:
1986:
1983:
1980:
1976:
1975:
1972:
1969:
1965:
1964:
1961:
1958:
1954:
1953:
1950:
1947:
1943:
1942:
1939:
1936:
1932:
1931:
1928:
1925:
1921:
1920:
1917:
1914:
1910:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1881:
1878:
1877:
1876:
1873:
1870:
1867:
1864:
1861:
1855:
1849:
1843:
1840:
1834:
1831:
1828:
1825:
1819:
1813:
1810:
1804:
1798:
1795:
1789:
1786:
1778:
1775:
1772:
1771:
1768:
1765:
1757:
1756:
1753:
1750:
1743:
1740:
1737:
1736:
1733:
1728:
1721:
1718:
1712:
1711:
1708:
1703:
1696:
1693:
1687:
1686:
1683:
1678:
1671:
1668:
1662:
1661:
1658:
1653:
1646:
1643:
1637:
1636:
1633:
1632:Name in German
1629:
1628:
1619:
1616:
1613:
1573:
1570:
1430:in the north;
1391:
1388:
1372:German advance
1234:
1231:
1145:
1138:
1137:
1130:
1123:
1122:
1121:
1120:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1109:Weltanschauung
1046:Oskar Hoffmann
1034:
1031:
904:Main article:
901:
898:
812:Swedish Empire
799:
796:
673:Russian Empire
649:
648:
646:
645:
638:
631:
623:
620:
619:
606:
605:
597:
596:
593:
592:
587:
582:
577:
572:
567:
565:Era of Silence
562:
557:
552:
546:
544:Modern Estonia
543:
542:
539:
538:
535:
534:
529:
524:
519:
513:
510:
509:
506:
505:
502:
501:
496:
491:
489:Polish Livonia
486:
481:
475:
470:
469:
466:
465:
462:
461:
459:Baltic Germans
456:
451:
449:Danish Estonia
446:
441:
436:
430:
427:
426:
423:
422:
419:
418:
413:
408:
403:
398:
393:
387:
382:
381:
378:
377:
369:
368:
359:
358:
351:
344:
343:
340:
333:
332:
329:
322:
321:
318:
314:
313:
310:
306:
305:
301:
300:
297:
293:
292:
289:
285:
284:
280:
279:
274:
268:
267:
258:
254:
253:
250:
246:
245:
242:
238:
237:
235:Russian Empire
232:
228:
227:
224:
216:
215:
209:
203:
202:
201:
198:
197:
192:
189:
188:
185:
184:
169:
154:
138:
134:
127:
122:
121:
117:
116:
109:
98:
76:
73:
62:
59:
52:(January 2021)
40:
39:
38:
36:
29:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6262:
6251:
6248:
6246:
6243:
6241:
6238:
6237:
6235:
6228:
6225:
6188:
6185:
6183:
6180:
6179:
6174:
6170:
6167:
6163:
6162:
6158:
6148:
6145:
6143:
6140:
6138:
6135:
6133:
6130:
6128:
6125:
6123:
6120:
6118:
6115:
6113:
6110:
6108:
6105:
6103:
6100:
6098:
6095:
6091:
6090:
6086:
6084:
6083:
6079:
6078:
6077:
6074:
6072:
6069:
6067:
6064:
6062:
6059:
6057:
6054:
6052:
6049:
6047:
6044:
6042:
6039:
6037:
6034:
6032:
6029:
6027:
6024:
6022:
6019:
6018:
6016:
6014:
6010:
6004:
6001:
5999:
5996:
5994:
5991:
5989:
5988:Ethnic groups
5986:
5984:
5981:
5979:
5976:
5974:
5971:
5969:
5966:
5964:
5961:
5960:
5957:
5954:
5952:
5948:
5938:
5935:
5933:
5930:
5928:
5925:
5923:
5920:
5918:
5915:
5913:
5910:
5908:
5905:
5903:
5900:
5898:
5895:
5893:
5890:
5889:
5886:
5883:
5881:
5877:
5867:
5866:Supreme Court
5864:
5862:
5858:
5854:
5852:
5849:
5847:
5844:
5842:
5839:
5837:
5834:
5832:
5829:
5827:
5824:
5820:
5817:
5816:
5815:
5812:
5810:
5807:
5805:
5802:
5800:
5797:
5795:
5792:
5790:
5787:
5786:
5783:
5780:
5778:
5774:
5764:
5761:
5759:
5756:
5754:
5751:
5749:
5746:
5744:
5741:
5739:
5736:
5734:
5731:
5729:
5726:
5724:
5721:
5720:
5717:
5714:
5712:
5708:
5702:
5699:
5697:
5694:
5692:
5689:
5687:
5684:
5683:
5680:
5677:
5673:
5670:
5668:
5665:
5664:
5663:
5662:Guerrilla war
5660:
5658:
5655:
5651:
5648:
5647:
5646:
5643:
5641:
5638:
5636:
5633:
5629:
5626:
5625:
5624:
5621:
5619:
5616:
5614:
5611:
5609:
5606:
5604:
5601:
5599:
5596:
5594:
5591:
5589:
5586:
5584:
5581:
5579:
5576:
5574:
5571:
5569:
5566:
5564:
5561:
5559:
5556:
5554:
5551:
5549:
5546:
5542:
5539:
5538:
5537:
5534:
5533:
5531:
5529:
5525:
5521:
5517:
5510:
5505:
5503:
5498:
5496:
5491:
5490:
5487:
5476:
5468:
5462:
5456:
5455:
5451:
5449:
5446:
5443:
5439:
5437:
5436:
5432:
5430:
5429:
5425:
5423:
5420:
5418:
5417:
5413:
5412:
5410:
5406:
5400:
5397:
5395:
5392:
5390:
5387:
5385:
5382:
5381:
5379:
5377:
5371:
5365:
5362:
5360:
5359:
5355:
5353:
5352:
5348:
5346:
5343:
5341:
5340:
5336:
5334:
5331:
5329:
5326:
5324:
5323:
5319:
5317:
5314:
5312:
5309:
5307:
5306:
5302:
5300:
5297:
5295:
5292:
5290:
5287:
5285:
5284:
5280:
5279:
5277:
5275:
5271:
5267:
5261:
5258:
5256:
5253:
5251:
5248:
5246:
5243:
5241:
5238:
5236:
5233:
5231:
5228:
5226:
5223:
5222:
5220:
5218:
5214:
5210:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5198:
5194:
5192:
5191:
5187:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5177:
5176:
5174:
5171:
5167:
5161:
5158:
5156:
5153:
5151:
5148:
5146:
5143:
5141:
5138:
5136:
5133:
5131:
5130:
5126:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5116:
5114:
5113:
5109:
5107:
5104:
5102:
5101:
5097:
5095:
5092:
5090:
5089:
5085:
5083:
5082:
5078:
5076:
5073:
5071:
5068:
5066:
5065:
5061:
5059:
5056:
5054:
5051:
5050:
5048:
5046:
5042:
5036:
5033:
5031:
5030:
5026:
5024:
5021:
5019:
5016:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5006:
5005:
5003:
5001:
4997:
4993:
4987:
4986:Semipalatinsk
4984:
4982:
4981:
4977:
4975:
4972:
4971:
4969:
4967:
4963:
4959:
4953:
4950:
4948:
4945:
4943:
4940:
4938:
4937:
4933:
4931:
4930:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4919:
4916:
4914:
4913:
4909:
4907:
4906:
4902:
4900:
4899:
4895:
4893:
4892:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4881:
4878:
4876:
4873:
4871:
4870:
4866:
4864:
4863:
4859:
4857:
4854:
4853:
4851:
4849:
4845:
4839:
4836:
4834:
4831:
4829:
4826:
4824:
4823:
4819:
4817:
4814:
4812:
4809:
4807:
4804:
4802:
4799:
4797:
4796:
4792:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4737:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4729:
4725:
4723:
4722:
4718:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4710:
4706:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4689:
4686:
4684:
4681:
4679:
4676:
4674:
4673:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4661:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4619:
4615:
4613:
4610:
4608:
4607:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4585:
4581:
4579:
4578:
4574:
4572:
4571:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4554:
4550:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4530:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4522:
4518:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4500:
4496:
4494:
4493:
4489:
4487:
4486:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4469:
4465:
4463:
4462:
4458:
4456:
4455:
4451:
4449:
4446:
4444:
4443:
4439:
4437:
4434:
4432:
4431:
4427:
4425:
4422:
4419:
4415:
4412:
4411:
4407:
4406:
4404:
4401:
4396:
4392:
4388:
4381:
4376:
4374:
4369:
4367:
4362:
4361:
4358:
4349:
4345:
4341:
4335:
4331:
4327:
4323:
4318:
4317:
4312:
4298:
4294:
4290:
4286:
4281:
4276:
4272:
4268:
4264:
4260:
4256:
4255:
4250:
4243:
4237:
4233:
4232:
4226:
4222:
4220:9781400854950
4216:
4212:
4207:
4203:
4197:
4193:
4192:
4186:
4182:
4176:
4172:
4168:
4164:
4160:
4154:
4150:
4146:
4142:
4138:
4132:
4128:
4127:
4121:
4117:
4111:
4107:
4102:
4098:
4097:
4091:
4086:
4082:
4081:
4076:
4059:
4055:
4049:
4046:
4043:, p. 25.
4042:
4037:
4034:
4029:
4023:
4019:
4018:
4010:
4007:
4002:
3996:
3992:
3985:
3982:
3969:
3965:
3959:
3957:
3955:
3951:
3948:, p. 24.
3947:
3942:
3939:
3936:, p. 22.
3935:
3930:
3927:
3923:
3918:
3915:
3912:, p. 31.
3911:
3906:
3903:
3897:
3892:
3889:
3876:
3868:
3865:
3861:
3856:
3853:
3849:
3844:
3841:
3837:
3832:
3830:
3826:
3822:
3817:
3815:
3811:
3808:, p. 99.
3807:
3806:O'Connor 2015
3802:
3799:
3795:
3790:
3787:
3783:
3778:
3775:
3771:
3766:
3763:
3759:
3754:
3751:
3747:
3742:
3739:
3735:
3730:
3727:
3723:
3718:
3716:
3712:
3708:
3703:
3701:
3697:
3693:
3688:
3686:
3682:
3678:
3673:
3671:
3667:
3664:, p. 95.
3663:
3658:
3655:
3652:, p. 94.
3651:
3646:
3643:
3640:, p. 85.
3639:
3634:
3631:
3627:
3622:
3619:
3616:, p. 86.
3615:
3610:
3607:
3603:
3598:
3595:
3591:
3586:
3583:
3579:
3574:
3571:
3568:, p. 84.
3567:
3562:
3560:
3558:
3554:
3550:
3545:
3542:
3539:, p. 83.
3538:
3533:
3530:
3526:
3521:
3518:
3515:, p. 82.
3514:
3509:
3507:
3503:
3500:, p. 62.
3499:
3494:
3491:
3487:
3482:
3480:
3476:
3472:
3467:
3464:
3460:
3455:
3453:
3449:
3446:, p. 80.
3445:
3440:
3437:
3433:
3428:
3426:
3422:
3418:
3413:
3410:
3406:
3401:
3398:
3394:
3389:
3386:
3382:
3377:
3375:
3371:
3368:, p. 61.
3367:
3362:
3360:
3356:
3352:
3347:
3344:
3340:
3335:
3332:
3329:, p. 60.
3328:
3323:
3320:
3316:
3311:
3308:
3305:, p. 79.
3304:
3299:
3297:
3293:
3290:, p. 78.
3289:
3284:
3281:
3278:, p. 77.
3277:
3272:
3270:
3266:
3263:, p. 66.
3262:
3257:
3255:
3251:
3247:
3242:
3239:
3236:, p. 65.
3235:
3230:
3228:
3224:
3221:, p. 59.
3220:
3215:
3212:
3209:, p. 57.
3208:
3203:
3201:
3197:
3193:
3188:
3185:
3182:, p. 47.
3181:
3176:
3173:
3168:
3162:
3158:
3157:
3149:
3146:
3134:
3133:
3128:
3122:
3119:
3106:
3102:
3096:
3093:
3090:, p. 34.
3089:
3084:
3081:
3078:, p. 27.
3077:
3072:
3069:
3064:
3057:
3054:
3051:
3047:
3043:
3038:
3035:
3028:
3020:
3016:
3012:
3008:
3004:
2998:
2996:
2994:
2990:
2984:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2971:
2968:
2965:
2959:
2949:
2940:
2937:
2936:
2932:
2929:
2922:
2917:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2904:
2900:
2898:
2890:
2887:
2884:
2881:
2878:
2877:
2861:
2860:
2844:
2843:
2828:
2825:
2824:
2809:
2806:
2805:
2790:
2787:
2786:
2771:
2768:
2767:
2752:
2749:
2748:
2733:
2730:
2729:
2714:
2711:
2710:
2695:
2692:
2691:
2676:
2673:
2672:
2657:
2654:
2653:
2638:
2635:
2634:
2619:
2616:
2615:
2611:
2608:
2607:
2593:
2582:
2579:
2576:
2573:
2570:
2569:
2553:
2552:
2536:
2535:
2519:
2518:
2502:
2501:
2485:
2484:
2468:
2467:
2451:
2450:
2434:
2433:
2417:
2416:
2400:
2399:
2383:
2382:
2366:
2365:
2361:
2358:
2357:
2343:
2334:
2327:
2324:
2321:
2318:
2315:
2314:
2298:
2297:
2282:
2279:
2278:
2263:
2260:
2259:
2244:
2243:White Russian
2241:
2240:
2225:
2222:
2221:
2206:
2203:
2202:
2187:
2184:
2183:
2168:
2165:
2164:
2149:
2146:
2145:
2130:
2127:
2126:
2111:
2110:Great Russian
2108:
2107:
2092:
2089:
2088:
2084:
2081:
2078:
2075:
2072:
2071:
2065:
2061:
2059:
2055:
2043:
2039:
2036:
2033:
2032:
2028:
2025:
2022:
2021:
2017:
2014:
2011:
2010:
2006:
2003:
2000:
1999:
1995:
1992:
1989:
1988:
1984:
1981:
1978:
1977:
1973:
1970:
1967:
1966:
1962:
1959:
1956:
1955:
1951:
1948:
1945:
1944:
1940:
1937:
1934:
1933:
1929:
1926:
1923:
1922:
1918:
1915:
1912:
1911:
1905:
1900:
1897:
1896:
1886:
1879:
1874:
1871:
1868:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1856:
1854:
1850:
1848:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1835:
1832:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1820:
1818:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1805:
1803:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1781:
1780:
1776:
1769:
1766:
1763:
1759:
1758:
1754:
1751:
1748:
1747:
1741:
1734:
1729:
1726:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1713:
1709:
1704:
1701:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1688:
1684:
1679:
1676:
1673:Weißenstein (
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1663:
1659:
1654:
1651:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1638:
1634:
1631:
1630:
1626:
1612:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1594:
1578:
1571:
1569:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1530:
1526:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1496:
1491:
1487:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1460:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1433:
1429:
1428:Cape Stenskär
1425:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1389:
1387:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1376:Soviet Russia
1373:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1348:
1344:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1278:
1277:Eastern Front
1274:
1270:
1265:
1263:
1258:
1252:
1248:
1239:
1232:
1230:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1206:
1204:
1200:
1194:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1182:Bloody Sunday
1178:
1176:
1175:
1170:
1166:
1165:Jaan Tõnisson
1154:
1153:
1149:, founder of
1148:
1142:
1133:
1132:Jaan Tõnisson
1127:
1115:
1113:
1111:
1110:
1103:
1101:
1097:
1096:Protestantism
1093:
1085:
1080:
1076:
1073:
1067:
1065:
1059:
1056:
1055:Russification
1047:
1044:, painted by
1043:
1042:Road to Reval
1039:
1033:Russification
1032:
1030:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1007:
1002:
998:
995:
990:
985:
984:Lydia Koidula
980:
978:
977:Alexander III
974:
970:
966:
958:
955:, written by
954:
953:
947:
943:
941:
937:
931:
926:
921:
917:
913:
907:
899:
897:
895:
891:
887:
883:
879:
874:
872:
868:
864:
860:
856:
852:
848:
844:
839:
837:
833:
829:
825:
821:
817:
813:
804:
797:
795:
793:
788:
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
753:Jaan Tõnisson
750:
746:
743:replaced the
742:
738:
737:Russification
734:
733:Alexander III
729:
724:
722:
718:
714:
710:
706:
702:
698:
694:
690:
686:
682:
678:
674:
670:
666:
665:
660:
656:
644:
639:
637:
632:
630:
625:
624:
622:
621:
618:
608:
607:
604:
603:
599:
598:
591:
588:
586:
583:
581:
578:
576:
573:
571:
568:
566:
563:
561:
558:
556:
553:
551:
548:
547:
541:
540:
533:
530:
528:
525:
523:
520:
518:
515:
514:
508:
507:
500:
497:
495:
492:
490:
487:
485:
482:
480:
477:
476:
473:
468:
467:
460:
457:
455:
452:
450:
447:
445:
442:
440:
437:
435:
432:
431:
425:
424:
417:
414:
412:
409:
407:
404:
402:
399:
397:
396:Narva culture
394:
392:
391:Kunda culture
389:
388:
385:
380:
379:
375:
371:
370:
367:
360:
355:
349:
341:
339:
336: •
330:
328:
325: •
319:
311:
298:
290:
277:
275:
273:
265:
262:(present-day
259:
251:
243:
236:
233:
222:
207:
195:
190:
181:
174:
170:
166:
159:
155:
151:
140:
139:
132:
126:
114:
110:
107:
99:
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
74:
71:
67:
63:
61:
60:
54:
48:
46:
41:You can help
37:
28:
27:
22:
6197:
6088:
6081:
6041:Coat of arms
6026:Architecture
5968:Demographics
5897:Central bank
5860:(parliament)
5856:
5814:Human rights
5794:Constitution
5679:Deportations
5657:World War II
5650:Estonian SSR
5597:
5578:Livonian War
5541:list of wars
5466:
5452:
5433:
5426:
5414:
5408:Dependencies
5356:
5349:
5337:
5320:
5303:
5281:
5270:Governorates
5250:Sankt-Mikhel
5213:Governorates
5202:
5195:
5188:
5127:
5110:
5098:
5086:
5079:
5062:
5027:
5008:Transcaspian
4978:
4966:Stepnoy Krai
4934:
4927:
4910:
4903:
4896:
4889:
4867:
4860:
4820:
4793:
4726:
4719:
4707:
4670:
4616:
4604:
4582:
4575:
4568:
4551:
4519:
4499:Ingermanland
4497:
4490:
4483:
4466:
4459:
4452:
4440:
4428:
4408:
4395:Governorates
4347:
4339:
4329:
4321:
4300:. Retrieved
4270:
4266:
4259:Raukas, Anto
4230:
4210:
4190:
4170:
4167:Raukas, Anto
4148:
4125:
4105:
4094:
4077:Bibliography
4062:. Retrieved
4060:(in Russian)
4057:
4048:
4036:
4016:
4009:
3990:
3984:
3972:. Retrieved
3970:(in Russian)
3967:
3941:
3929:
3917:
3905:
3899:(in Russian)
3891:
3879:. Retrieved
3867:
3855:
3843:
3801:
3794:Plakans 2011
3789:
3777:
3765:
3753:
3741:
3729:
3722:Plakans 2011
3692:Plakans 2011
3677:Plakans 2011
3657:
3645:
3633:
3626:Plakans 2011
3621:
3609:
3602:Plakans 2011
3597:
3590:Plakans 2011
3585:
3578:Plakans 2011
3573:
3549:Plakans 2011
3544:
3532:
3525:Plakans 2011
3520:
3493:
3486:Thaden 2014b
3471:Plakans 2011
3466:
3459:Thaden 2014b
3439:
3432:Thaden 2014b
3417:Thaden 2014b
3412:
3405:Thaden 2014b
3400:
3393:Thaden 2014b
3388:
3381:Thaden 2014b
3351:Thaden 2014b
3346:
3339:Thaden 2014b
3334:
3322:
3315:Thaden 2014b
3310:
3283:
3246:Thaden 2014b
3241:
3214:
3192:Thaden 2014b
3187:
3175:
3155:
3148:
3136:. Retrieved
3130:
3121:
3109:. Retrieved
3105:the original
3095:
3088:Thaden 2014b
3083:
3076:Thaden 2014a
3071:
3062:
3056:
3037:
2931:
2896:
2713:Old Believer
2062:
2050:
1880:Demographics
1591:
1583:
1566:Pärnu County
1531:
1527:
1500:
1461:
1393:
1353:
1325:
1319:
1266:
1254:
1223:Jaan Teemant
1211:Selbstschutz
1210:
1207:
1202:
1198:
1195:
1179:
1172:
1161:
1150:
1107:
1104:
1089:
1068:
1060:
1051:
1041:
1019:Ado Reinvald
1015:Mihkel Veske
1010:
1004:
989:Emajõe ööbik
987:
981:
962:
950:
912:Alexander II
909:
875:
840:
824:Livonian War
809:
789:
773:Jaan Teemant
755:founded the
725:
683:, including
662:
658:
654:
652:
601:
570:World War II
516:
479:Livonian War
276:
210:Coat of arms
125:
88:edit summary
79:
50:
42:
6219: /
5902:e-Residency
5892:Agriculture
5416:Bukey Horde
5070:Elizavetpol
4918:Primorskaya
4880:Transbaikal
4629:Novorossiya
4521:Kiev (1708)
4424:Arkhangelsk
3881:22 December
3836:Raukas 2018
3821:Raukas 2018
3011:Belarusians
2612:Percentage
2362:Percentage
2085:Percentage
1648:Wesenberg (
1625:1897 census
1441:Lake Peipus
1424:Narva river
1416:Lake Peipus
1257:World War I
1215:hard labour
1199:Bürgermusse
1190:counterpart
1027:1897 census
992: [
928: [
851:Charles XII
765:martial law
454:Old Livonia
363:History of
241:Established
194:Governorate
47:in Estonian
6234:Categories
6207:24°44′43″E
6204:59°26′14″N
6142:Television
6122:Newspapers
6089:Kalevipoeg
6076:Literature
5993:Healthcare
5809:Government
5399:Chernovtsy
5339:Podlyashye
4869:Bessarabia
4795:Voznesensk
4448:Bessarabia
3159:. Rodopi.
3007:Ukrainians
2918:References
1857:1902–1905
1851:1894–1902
1845:1885–1894
1836:1870–1875
1821:1833–1841
1815:1832–1833
1806:1816–1819
1800:1811–1816
1791:1808–1809
1782:1786–1797
1752:Population
1621:Population
1542:Lääne-Viru
1404:Baltic Sea
1332:Mensheviks
1322:Jaan Poska
1177:in Reval.
1011:Kalevipoeg
1006:Kalevipoeg
952:Kalevipoeg
938:, and the
767:, causing
602:Chronology
439:Viking Age
304:Population
6107:Mythology
6071:Languages
5978:Estonians
5973:Education
5937:Transport
5912:Oil shale
5857:Riigikogu
5846:President
5799:Elections
5711:Geography
5389:Peremyshl
5255:Tavastgus
5058:Black Sea
5029:Turkestan
5013:Samarkand
4974:Akmolinsk
4885:Kamchatka
4838:Yeniseysk
4828:Yaroslavl
4739:Stavropol
4660:Petrograd
4606:Nikolayev
4570:Lithuania
4474:Chernigov
4436:Astrakhan
4297:240432618
4289:2534-4358
3782:Raun 1991
3770:Raun 1991
3758:Raun 1991
3746:Raun 1991
3734:Raun 1991
3707:Raun 1991
3662:Raun 1991
3650:Raun 1991
3638:Raun 1991
3614:Raun 1991
3566:Raun 1991
3537:Raun 1991
3513:Raun 1991
3498:Raun 1991
3444:Raun 1991
3366:Raun 1991
3327:Raun 1991
3303:Raun 1991
3288:Raun 1991
3276:Raun 1991
3261:Raun 1991
3234:Raun 1991
3219:Raun 1991
3207:Raun 1991
3180:Raun 1991
3029:Citations
2958:romanized
2789:Mennonite
2503:Mennonite
2486:Irvingian
2281:Norwegian
1777:Governors
1484:kukersite
1472:Pandivere
1390:Geography
1282:Petrograd
1262:Austrians
697:Peter I's
664:guberniya
434:Oeselians
249:Abolished
106:talk page
6182:Category
6066:Internet
6061:Folklore
5998:Religion
5922:Taxation
5836:Military
5777:Politics
5536:Timeline
5520:articles
5394:Tarnopol
5351:Sandomir
5328:Petrokov
5283:Avgustov
5260:Uleaborg
5179:Courland
5129:Imeretia
5123:Dagestan
5112:Armenian
5100:Shemakha
4936:Tarnopol
4923:Sakhalin
4898:Kwantung
4875:Don Host
4862:Belostok
4811:Voronezh
4806:Volhynia
4789:Vladimir
4734:Smolensk
4715:Simbirsk
4639:Orenburg
4624:Novgorod
4559:Kostroma
4492:Iziaslav
4468:Caucasus
4454:Bratslav
4442:Belgorod
4302:28 March
4261:(2018).
4147:(2011).
4064:23 March
3974:11 March
3046:Archived
3003:Russians
2979:Estonian
2901:See also
2751:Reformed
2732:Anglican
2618:Lutheran
2469:Brethren
2452:Reformed
2435:Anglican
2367:Lutheran
2335:Religion
2091:Estonian
2073:Language
2045:Source:
1762:Paldiski
1755:Part of
1735:157,736
1700:Haapsalu
1698:Hapsal (
1660:120,230
1641:Wierland
1546:Ida-Viru
1449:Wierland
1432:Kõrksaar
1334:and the
871:dominion
855:advanced
820:Eric XIV
781:autonomy
709:Paul I's
354:a series
352:Part of
272:Counties
165:Estonian
82:provide
6166:Outline
6147:Theatre
6117:Symbols
6046:Cuisine
6013:Culture
5951:Society
5932:Tourism
5880:Economy
5738:Islands
5723:Climate
5528:History
5516:Estonia
5467:Italics
5364:Suvalki
5358:Sedlets
5322:Mazovia
5316:Lyublin
5245:Nyuland
5217:Finland
5203:Estonia
5184:Livonia
5155:Zakatal
5150:Sukhumi
5094:Kutaisi
5088:Georgia
5064:Derbent
5035:Fergana
4996:Oblasts
4962:Oblasts
4929:Taurida
4891:Caspian
4848:Oblasts
4801:Vologda
4784:Vitebsk
4759:Tobolsk
4744:Taurida
4709:Siberia
4703:Saratov
4678:Poltava
4672:Polotsk
4666:Podolia
4634:Olonets
4595:Mogilev
4553:Kolyvan
4537:Kherson
4532:Kharkov
4505:Irkutsk
4485:Finland
4461:Belarus
4106:Estonia
3138:29 July
3111:29 July
2960::
2939:Russian
2891:100.00
2888:412,716
2885:210,307
2882:202,409
2770:Karaite
2694:Baptist
2675:Judaism
2628:370,105
2625:192,110
2622:177,995
2583:100.00
2580:376,337
2577:192,014
2574:184,323
2520:Baptist
2401:Judaism
2376:354,375
2373:183,972
2370:170,403
2328:100.00
2325:412,716
2322:210,307
2319:202,409
2224:Finnish
2205:Latvian
2148:Swedish
2101:365,959
2098:188,987
2095:176,972
2079:Females
2037:412,716
2026:392,138
2015:388,690
2004:386,097
1993:388,484
1982:380,449
1971:377,688
1960:374,890
1949:371,571
1938:376,770
1927:364,094
1916:360,563
1725:Tallinn
1723:Reval (
1716:Harrien
1710:82,077
1685:52,673
1650:Rakvere
1534:Estonia
1507:Hiiumaa
1497:in 1845
1476:Emumägi
1420:Hiiumaa
1327:Maapäev
1227:Finland
1219:Siberia
1174:Teataja
1152:Teataja
1072:Russian
1048:in 1900
973:zemstvo
894:Serfdom
882:Tallinn
863:Livonia
859:Estonia
843:Peter I
798:History
721:Tallinn
685:Hiiumaa
677:Estonia
671:of the
365:Estonia
312:412,716
264:Tallinn
257:Capital
231:Country
150:Russian
104:to the
86:in the
49:.
6187:Portal
6036:Cinema
6021:Anthem
5907:Energy
5758:Rivers
5518:
5333:Plotsk
5311:Lomzha
5305:Krakov
5299:Keltsy
5294:Kalish
5289:Warsaw
5274:Poland
5240:Kuopio
5235:Vyborg
5106:Tiflis
5075:Erivan
4942:Turgay
4822:Vyborg
4816:Vyatka
4749:Tambov
4728:Slonim
4693:Samara
4688:Ryazan
4600:Moscow
4515:Kaluga
4479:Grodno
4295:
4287:
4238:
4217:
4198:
4177:
4155:
4133:
4112:
4024:
3997:
3163:
2970:German
2647:37,817
2644:16,331
2641:21,486
2631:89.68
2609:Number
2601:Female
2554:Others
2393:18,569
2387:11,904
2379:94.16
2359:Number
2351:Female
2186:Polish
2167:Jewish
2139:16,037
2129:German
2120:20,439
2114:12,441
2104:88.67
1666:Jerwen
1611:County
1602:kreise
1598:German
1523:Nargen
1521:, and
1515:Kassar
1302:Pernau
1294:Fellin
1290:Dorpat
934:, the
836:Ingria
826:. The
705:Sweden
689:Vormsi
406:Chudes
356:on the
342:81.32%
331:18.68%
180:German
176:
161:
146:
6173:Index
6137:Sport
6132:Radio
6102:Music
6097:Media
6056:Flags
6003:Women
5963:Crime
5763:Towns
5743:Lakes
5733:Fauna
5345:Radom
5190:Reval
5145:Terek
5140:Kuban
5118:Batum
4952:Yakut
4779:Vilna
4764:Tomsk
4683:Pskov
4649:Penza
4644:Oryol
4590:Minsk
4564:Kursk
4547:Kovno
4542:Kholm
4510:Kazan
4418:Altai
4346:[
4328:[
4293:S2CID
2923:Notes
2879:TOTAL
2874:0.02
2857:0.03
2840:0.00
2821:0.00
2802:0.00
2783:0.00
2764:0.02
2745:0.02
2726:0.08
2707:0.16
2688:0.34
2685:1,403
2669:0.49
2666:2,034
2660:1,386
2650:9.16
2604:Both
2595:Faith
2571:TOTAL
2566:0.05
2549:0.00
2532:0.00
2515:0.00
2498:0.00
2481:0.00
2464:0.03
2447:0.04
2430:0.32
2427:1,214
2413:0.47
2410:1,679
2396:4.93
2390:6,665
2354:Both
2345:Faith
2316:TOTAL
2311:0.13
2299:Other
2294:0.04
2275:0.06
2256:0.06
2237:0.09
2218:0.11
2199:0.30
2196:1,237
2180:0.31
2177:1,261
2161:1.39
2158:5,768
2155:3,043
2152:2,725
2142:1.39
2136:9,046
2133:6,991
2123:4.95
2117:7,998
2076:Males
2040:+5.2%
2029:+0.9%
2018:+0.7%
2007:−0.6%
1996:+2.1%
1985:+0.7%
1974:+0.7%
1963:+0.9%
1952:−1.4%
1941:+3.5%
1930:+1.0%
1767:1,268
1675:Paide
1593:uezdy
1587:уѣзды
1558:Lääne
1554:Järva
1550:Rapla
1538:Harju
1511:Worms
1306:Werro
996:]
932:]
857:into
717:Reval
401:Aesti
338:Rural
327:Urban
260:Reval
66:DeepL
6112:Name
6031:Beer
5819:LGBT
5384:Lvov
5230:Vaza
5197:Riga
5135:Kars
4947:Ural
4912:Omsk
4856:Amur
4769:Tula
4754:Tver
4654:Perm
4527:Kiev
4410:Azov
4400:List
4304:2024
4285:ISSN
4236:ISBN
4215:ISBN
4196:ISBN
4175:ISBN
4153:ISBN
4131:ISBN
4110:ISBN
4066:2024
4022:ISBN
3995:ISBN
3976:2024
3883:2013
3161:ISBN
3140:2022
3113:2022
2598:Male
2348:Male
2058:O.S.
2034:1897
2023:1887
2012:1886
2001:1885
1990:1884
1979:1883
1968:1882
1957:1881
1946:1880
1935:1879
1924:1878
1913:1877
1902:Pop.
1898:Year
1749:Town
1691:Wiek
1618:Area
1562:Hiiu
1560:and
1451:and
1443:and
1414:and
1368:O.S.
1310:Walk
1298:Ösel
1286:O.S.
1249:and
1203:Aula
861:and
747:and
687:and
653:The
283:Area
252:1917
244:1796
80:must
78:You
6082:ABD
5826:Law
5272:of
5215:of
4998:of
4964:of
4774:Ufa
4275:doi
2854:129
2723:328
2720:154
2717:174
2704:662
2701:429
2698:233
2682:483
2679:920
2663:648
2563:204
2557:131
2461:127
2444:158
2438:136
2424:459
2421:755
2407:746
2404:933
2308:553
2305:224
2302:329
2291:160
2285:131
2272:230
2266:210
2253:230
2247:215
2234:362
2228:271
2215:472
2212:121
2209:351
2193:316
2190:921
2174:417
2171:852
1217:in
68:or
6236::
5473:³
5465:¹
4291:.
4283:.
4271:42
4269:.
4265:.
4093:.
3953:^
3828:^
3813:^
3714:^
3699:^
3684:^
3669:^
3556:^
3505:^
3478:^
3451:^
3424:^
3373:^
3358:^
3295:^
3268:^
3253:^
3226:^
3199:^
3129:.
3044:.
2992:^
2981::
2972::
2955:,
2951::
2945:,
2941::
2871:75
2868:15
2865:60
2851:69
2848:60
2761:77
2758:39
2755:38
2742:81
2739:29
2736:52
2560:73
2458:71
2455:56
2441:22
2288:29
2269:20
2250:15
2231:91
1907:±%
1627:)
1600::
1596:;
1590:,
1568:.
1556:,
1552:,
1548:,
1544:,
1540:,
1525:.
1517:,
1513:,
1304:,
1300:,
1296:,
1292:,
1021:,
1017:,
994:et
942:.
930:et
838:.
751:.
5508:e
5501:t
5494:v
5444:²
5440:*
5172:³
4662:²
4658:*
4420:²
4416:+
4413:¹
4402:)
4398:(
4379:e
4372:t
4365:v
4306:.
4277::
4244:.
4223:.
4204:.
4183:.
4161:.
4139:.
4118:.
4068:.
4030:.
4003:.
3978:.
3885:.
3169:.
3142:.
3115:.
2837:1
2834:0
2831:1
2818:1
2815:0
2812:1
2799:1
2796:0
2793:1
2780:2
2777:0
2774:2
2546:1
2543:0
2540:1
2529:1
2526:0
2523:1
2512:1
2509:1
2506:0
2495:1
2492:0
2489:1
2478:7
2475:5
2472:2
1764:)
1727:)
1702:)
1677:)
1652:)
1623:(
642:e
635:t
628:v
278:4
266:)
182:)
178:(
167:)
163:(
152:)
148:(
115:.
108:.
23:.
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