1065:(parliament), issued a complaint against the repression and discrimination of the Polish population which went against guarantees made in 1815. He accused the Prussian authorities of removing the Polish language from public institutions, courts and schools, as well as deleting the history of Poland from school teaching and substituting the name "Province of Posen" for the previous "Grand Duchy of Posen". He also blamed the authorities for erasing the Polish Eagle from the Grand Duchy's seals and emblems and for expelling Poles from offices in order to replace them with Prussians or foreign-born persons of German ethnicity. When land owners of Polish ethnicity sold land, it was often bought in order to resell it to colonists of German ethnicity. The Prussian king rejected the complaint; he was fully supportive of the Germanisation of Polish areas. However, he believed it had to be done through different methods, and in May 1841 decided to name Flottwell upper-president of the Prussian
1222:
Christians had freedom of moving from the grand duchy to
Prussia proper, the grand duchy's Jews were forbidden to immigrate into Prussia. Prussian policy, however, opened an exception, Germanized Jews were enfranchised as citizens and granted freedom of move. So most adherents of the Yiddish culture Germanised themselves within a short period. Many traditional or newly established educational institutions using German language were attended by local Jews who, equipped with Prussian educational and German language skills, often emigrated to Prussia proper with some making their careers. Despite Germanisation efforts, the Polish-speaking population more than doubled to 1,344,000 and remained the majority, however, its percentage decreased to 64% of the population by 1910. However, there were regional differences, with Polish being the prevailing language in the centre, east and south, and German speakers majorities in the west and north.
1090:. Large prayers were held in his memory, often against orders of Prussia. Members of such gatherings were persecuted by police. At the same time the national self-awareness grew among the rural population of Polish and German ethnicity alike. Whereas two thirds of the grand ducal population identified as ethnically Polish (mostly in the centre, south and east), one third envisioned themselves as being of German ethnicity. Anti-Prussian sentiment grew as response to policy of Germanisation and repression by Prussian authorities and the conspiracy organisation called ZwiÄ
zek Plebejuszy found a potent ground. It was led by bookseller Walenty StefaĆski, poet Ryszard BerwiĆski and lawyer Jakub Krauthofer-Krotowski.
90:
130:
481:
1149:
456:
104:
2081:
119:
526:
2348:
870:
1086:. He had been wounded by a gunshot, when the Prussian gendarme attempting to arrest him, engaged in a fight with him. BabiĆski was then captured, sentenced to death and executed in PoznaĆ. His public execution in February 1847 was accompanied by public mourning. Cloth soaked in his blood and other remains were distributed as national
1045:
the landed estates of land-lords, which was dominated by Polish nobility, was abolished, and instead the
Prussian state appointed commissioners. Monasteries and their assets were confiscated by Prussia. The office of the governor (Statthalter) was abolished. Germanisation of institutions, education as well through
999:
administration discriminated against Poles. After 1824 attempts to
Germanise the school system were hastened and the government refused to establish a Polish university in PoznaĆ. Polish politicians issued protests against Prussian policies and a secret, patriotic Polish organisation was founded called
998:
At the beginning of the
Prussian takeover of Polish territories, the discrimination and repression of Poles consisted of reducing their access to education and the judicial system. Prussian officials identified Germanisation as the progress of higher culture over a lower one. As a result, the local
1221:
Whereas in 1812 Jews in then
Prussia proper had been emancipated and naturalised, the Jews of the grand duchy were excluded from citizens franchise, but like women and non-propertied classes mere subjects of the grand duke. Only Christian men, if owning land, were enfranchised as citizens. Whereas
1044:
introduced a stricter system of repression against the Poles. Prussian authorities attempted to expel Poles from administration to weaken the Polish nobility by buying its lands out, and, after 1832, the role of the Polish language in education was significantly repressed. Local self-government in
1269:
in several congregations spread in the area of the grand duchy. Jewish religious life was organised in about 130 congregations spread all over the grand duchy. Since the government tolerated
Judaism, but did not recognise it, no Jewish umbrella organisation, comparable to those of the Christian
1120:, which would have remained outside Germany, but because of the protest of Polish parliamentarians these plans failed and the integrity of the grand duchy was preserved. However, on February 9, 1849, after a series of broken assurances, the Prussian administration renamed the grand duchy the
1985:
Statistischer UmriĂ der sĂ€mmtlichen europĂ€ischen und der vornehmsten auĂereuropĂ€ischen
Staaten, in Hinsicht ihrer Entwickelung, GröĂe, Volksmenge, Finanz- und MilitĂ€rverfassung, tabellarisch dargestellt; Erster Heft: Welcher die beiden groĂen MĂ€chte Ăsterreich und PreuĂen und den Deutschen
960:, put into action after the fall of Napoleon in 1815, parts of the Prussian territory partitioned from Poland were passed on to Russia. From the remainder the Grand Duchy of Posen was to be created, that was to be a nominally autonomous province under
1202:
then recorded in the census. By 1815 in the grand duchy
Catholics were by majority Polish-speaking, most Protestants were native speakers of German and many Jews then spoke Yiddish. Based on the religious data it was estimated that in 1815
1298:, the king's cousin. The governor was assigned to give advice in matters of Polish nationality, and had the right to veto the administration decisions; in reality, however, all administrative power was in the hands of the Prussian
1081:
Before 1848, repressions intensified in the Grand Duchy, censorship was strengthened, settlers of German ethnicity were brought in. Large patriotic demonstrations were held in memory of Antoni BabiĆski, a member of the
1197:
Since in the first half of the 19th century there was no census or other statistics also recording the ethnic identities of the inhabitants of the grand duchy its ethnic composition can only be derived from
1429:
Provinzialverband Posen (provincial federation of Posen, public-law corporation of self-rule of all districts and independent cities within Posen
Province for their common purposes; established in 1875 in
2850:
1231:
1376:, plus two urban districts. In 1824, the Grand Duchy also received a provincial council (term started in 1827) but with little administrative power, limited to providing advice. In 1817, the Culmerland (
2380:
1003:(Society of Scythemen). Resistance activity of Poles resulted in reaction from Berlin, where a trial was held in connection to links between Poles from the Grand Duchy with Poles from Russian-ruled
1457:
Posener
Provinzialvereins zur BekĂ€mpfung der Tuberkulose als Volkskrankheit (Posen provincial association for fighting tuberculosis as a people's disease; established in 1901 in Posen/PoznaĆ)
1493:
3198:
1230:
According to contemporary statistics of 1825 the population consisted of the 65.6% Roman Catholics, 28.1% Protestants and 6.3% Jews. The Roman Catholic congregations formed part of the
3173:
1460:
Verband der Landwirtschaftlichen Genossenschaften fĂŒr die Provinz Posen (Association of the agricultural cooperatives for the Province of Posen; established in 1903 in Posen/PoznaĆ)
2843:
3168:
2373:
1521:
676:
671:
1211:
were 225,000 (25%) and 18,000 (or 2%) were of the Yiddish culture. In 1819, according to Georg Hassel ethnic Poles were 77% of the population, ethnic Germans 17.5% and
1257:
after 1817, with the congregations usually retaining their previous separate confessions. With the persisting resistance of some Lutherans against this administrative
2836:
840:
to Prussia and the proclaimed rights for Polish subjects were not fully implemented. On 9 February 1849, the Prussian administration renamed the grand duchy the
2366:
1274:, forbidden in 1764, did emerge in the grand duchy. The migration of Posen Jews to Prussia was mostly blocked until 1850, when they were finally naturalised.
1295:
3188:
2549:
783:
1473:
89:
3183:
3053:
1243:
1262:
2661:
2437:
1565:
Deutsche Gesellschaft fĂŒr Kunst und Wissenschaft zu Bromberg (German society for art and sciences, established in 1902 in Bromberg/Bydgosccz)
1239:
1423:
Provinzial-FeuersozietĂ€t des GroĂherzogthums Posen (public fire insurance of the Grand Duchy of Posen; established in 1841 in Posen/PoznaĆ)
511:
344:
259:
1788:
1463:
Sparkassenverband der Provinz Posen (Association of savings and loan banks in the Province of Posen; established in 1906 in Posen/PoznaĆ)
1058:
1599:(1861â1944), Polish social and political activist, president of the Union of the Greater Poland Falcons (ZwiÄ
zek SokoĆĂłw Wielkopolskich)
653:
3110:
2923:
2903:
890:
557:
2097:
1856:
597:
2496:
2052:
2010:
1562:
Deutsche Gesellschaft fĂŒr Kunst und Wissenschaft zu Posen (German society for art and sciences, established in 1901 in Posen/PoznaĆ)
2818:
1433:
Landwirtschaftskammer fĂŒr die Provinz Posen (Chamber of Agriculture for the Province of Posen; established in 1875 in Posen/PoznaĆ)
1156:
The area was 28,951 square kilometres (11,178 sq mi) and contained most of the territories of the historical province of
103:
1385:
1062:
577:
364:
278:
290:
1768:
1541:
Organisations aiming at promoting German-speaking culture, settlements, or expressively addressing German-speaking audiences:
129:
2814:
2710:
2352:
1824:
1715:
1606:
1556:
1545:
1099:
1016:
933:
918:
776:
552:
411:
398:
1685:(1847â1934), general and statesman who led the Imperial German Army during World War I and later became President of Germany
1112:
attempted to divide the grand duchy into two parts: the Province of Posen, which would have been annexed to a to-be-created
3193:
3178:
1507:
1411:
1254:
985:
737:
714:
332:
709:
95:
643:
167:
2445:
1663:
638:
2457:
612:
1951:
3138:
2601:
2412:
1817:(1841â1906), Catholic priest archbishop of PoznaĆ and Gniezno, member of Prussian parliament for the Polish faction
1659:
1444:
1258:
1137:
1129:
992:
617:
1400:
Archdiocese of PoznaĆ-Gniezno, seated in PoznaĆ/Posen, a joint diocese of the Roman Catholic Church, joint in 1821
917:) river. Prussia added the remainder during the second partition in 1793. Prussia briefly lost control during the
2751:
2747:
2617:
2589:
1747:(1810â1886), Polish physician, social activist, member of PTPN, founder of the Adam Mickiewicz monument of PoznaĆ
1208:
1083:
1057:
On September 11, 1840, an audience was held by the Prussian king for deputies coming from the Grand Duchy. Count
769:
648:
2702:
2580:
2486:
1692:
1420:
Central-Lehrer-Verein fĂŒr die Provinz Posen (central teachers association; established in 1848 in Posen/PoznaĆ)
607:
2399:
1615:
1246:, separated again in 1946. The bulk of the Lutheran and Reformed (Calvinist) congregations became part of the
848:, and today is used by modern historians to refer to different political entities until 1918. Its capital was
592:
582:
135:
1765:(1787â1857), Polish colonel during the Napoleonic Wars, member of parliament, shareholder of the PoznaĆ Bazar
2883:
2648:
1625:
1248:
988:
of PoznaĆ". In reality the actual administrative power over the region was awarded by Prussia to provincial
1426:
Posener Provinzial-Lehrerverein (Posen provincial teacher association; established in 1872 in Posen/PoznaĆ)
2723:
2681:
2653:
2516:
2481:
1808:
1782:
1676:
1621:
1590:
1113:
602:
587:
2132:
1798:
1631:
1291:
1180:(1815) with an international guarantee of self-administration and free development of the Polish nation.
320:
2828:
2787:
2783:
2736:
2572:
1986:
Staatenbund darstellt; Nationalverschiedenheit 1819: Polen â 680,100; Deutsche â 155,000; Juden â 48,700
1921:
1698:
1688:
1271:
1033:
was significantly supported by Poles from the Grand Duchy. Afterward, the Prussian administration under
3106:
3090:
3049:
2919:
2899:
1750:
1702:
1148:
964:
rule with the rights of "free development of Polish nation, culture and language", and was outside the
1778:
1356:
of the previous Duchy of Warsaw. The regions were further divided into 26 original districts (German:
3074:
2972:
2964:
2756:
2630:
2461:
2425:
2254:
PoglÄ
dy Wielkopolan na sprawy wychowawcze i oĆwiatowe w Ćwietle prasy KsiÄstwa PoznaĆskiego 1814â1847
2211:
1861:
1804:
1549:
1373:
1353:
1349:
1169:
1165:
1125:
1109:
965:
929:
902:
825:
562:
1417:
Naturwissenschaftlicher Verein (Natural Scientific Association, established in 1837 in Posen/PoznaĆ)
3122:
2927:
2714:
2694:
2676:
2450:
2441:
2358:
2166:
1762:
1682:
1647:
1596:
1105:
937:
742:
2228:
2206:
Germanizacja gimnazjĂłw w Wielkim KsiÄstwie PoznaĆskim i opĂłr mĆodzieĆŒy polskiej w latach 1870â1814
1739:
1487:
3114:
3058:
3033:
3029:
2997:
2791:
2771:
2763:
2671:
2637:
2508:
2473:
2466:
2301:
2023:
1820:
1814:
1801:(1775â1833), Polish duke, composer, and politician, governor-general of the Grand Duchy of PoznaĆ
1774:
1735:
1668:
1602:
1177:
1066:
957:
898:
833:
821:
817:
719:
385:
73:
2005:, Berlin: Philo Verlag, 1936, reprint Frankfurt upon Main: JĂŒdischer Verlag, 1992, p. 570.
976:. Prussia, however, disregarded this promise from Congress of Vienna. At this time the city of
3118:
3024:
2968:
2806:
2565:
2560:
2544:
2536:
2529:
2524:
2048:
2006:
1792:
1720:
1711:
1643:
1584:
1577:
1451:
1341:
1305:
The Prussian administrative unit that covered the territory of the Grand Duchy was called the
1235:
1173:
1121:
1070:
1022:
874:
841:
547:
474:
252:
1983:
2608:
2430:
2407:
1756:
1653:
1329:
1299:
1124:. Nevertheless, the territory formally remained outside of Germany until the dissolution of
1037:
1034:
989:
945:
844:. Its former name was unofficially used afterward for denoting the territory, especially by
2779:
2417:
1851:
1838:
1640:(1761â1837), foremost leader of European Jewry of his era and outstanding Talmudic scholar
1525:
1511:
1497:
1477:
1361:
1333:
1318:
1161:
1026:
1004:
941:
878:
829:
809:
801:
572:
567:
542:
461:
59:
45:
1377:
118:
2932:
2860:
2686:
2421:
1744:
1437:
1436:
Historische Gesellschaft fĂŒr den Netzedistrikt zu Bromberg (Historical Society for the
1345:
1157:
1030:
906:
894:
2233:
KsztaĆtowanie siÄ inteligencji wielkopolskiej w Wielkim KsiÄstwie PoznaĆskim 1840â1870
3162:
2948:
2596:
1404:
1266:
1204:
925:
845:
758:
17:
2275:
Szkolnictwo Ćrednie w Wielkim KsiÄstwie PoznaĆskim w I poĆowie XIX wieku (1815â1850)
1920:
The second upper-president of the Grand Duchy, Theodor von Baumann, was born in the
2718:
2584:
2031:
1726:
1410:
Ecclesiastical Province of Posen, seated in PoznaĆ/Posen, a regional branch of the
1381:
1283:
1046:
1041:
961:
837:
699:
69:
1605:(1814â1894), Polish philosopher, social and political activist, co-founder of the
1771:(1808â1866), Polish sculptor, who created a monument of Adam Mickiewicz in PoznaĆ
2612:
2296:
Historia szkolnictwa i oĆwiaty polskiej w Wielkim KsiÄstwie PoznaĆskim 1815â1915
2122:
Religion and the Rise of Nationalism: A Profile of an East-Central European City
1829:
1287:
981:
681:
359:
1883:
1881:
1879:
1877:
1791:(1786â1845), Polish conservative politician, protector of arts, founder of the
1637:
969:
2171:
PrzetrwaÄ nad WartÄ
1815â1914. Dzieje narodu i paĆstwa polskiego, vol. III-55
1759:, Polish political, president of the National Council (Rada Narodowa) in 1913
1729:(1807â1875), Polish philosopher, political and social activist, president of
1656:(1786â1865), Prussian politician, over-president of the Grand Duchy of PoznaĆ
182:
169:
2027:
1952:âDie EinfĂŒhrung der preuĂischen Verwaltung im GroĂherzogtum Posen 1815â1830â
1841:(1812â1912), Prussian politician, lord mayor of Posen city/PoznaĆ, 1891â1902
1618:(1833â1914), Polish composer and organist, activist of the singers societies
2144:
Z dziejĂłw postÄpu technicznego w Wielkopolsce w pierwszej poĆowie XIX wieku
1450:
Historische Gesellschaft fĂŒr die Provinz Posen (Historical Society for the
1447:
association for the Province of Posen; established in 1883 in Lissa/Leszno)
1282:
The monarch of the grand duchy, with title of Grand Duke of Posen, was the
977:
849:
146:
2347:
1502:
Centralne Towarzystwo Gospodarcze dla Wielkiego KsiÄstwa PoznaĆskiego, CTG
1218:
However, a simple identification of religion and ethnicity is misleading.
2047:, Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, 1980, pp. 374â375.
1955:
1482:
Towarzystwo Naukowej Pomocy dla MĆodzieĆŒy Wielkiego KsiÄstwa PoznaĆskiego
973:
910:
704:
301:
1207:
made up about 657,000 persons (or 73% of the overall population), while
525:
2556:
2390:
1695:(Centralne Towarzystwo Gospodarcze), patron of the agricultural circles
1396:
Organisations for items of general interest or province-wide purposes:
1117:
936:
and supplying troops for his campaigns. After the defeat of Prussia by
882:
869:
1807:(1813â1877), Polish bookseller, political activist, co-founder of the
2491:
622:
533:
499:
2240:
Wielkie KsiÄstwo PoznaĆskie w okresie rzÄ
dĂłw Flottwella (1830â1842)
1559:; Polish abbreviation: Hakata; established in 1894 in Posen/PoznaĆ)
1147:
1087:
868:
2268:
Nie damy pogrzeĆÄ mowy. Wizerunki pedagogĂłw poznaĆskich XIX wieku
2247:
Opisanie historyczno-statystyczne Wielkiego KsiÄstwa PoznaĆskiego
1474:
Scientific Help Society for the Youth of the Grand Duchy of Posen
1265:
emerged in 1841, government-recognised in 1845, with about 3,000
2068:, Niedermarschacht: author's edition, 1964, p. 17. No ISBN.
1924:, but had been serving in the Prussian civil service since 1793.
1833:
1730:
1706:
1662:(1785â1855), titled bishop, first general superintendent of the
1610:
1212:
1133:
2832:
2362:
2320:
Walka o polskoĆÄ miast PoznaĆskiego na przeĆomie XIX i XX wieku
1738:(1800â1848), Polish physician, social activist, founder of the
1372:("district councillors"). Later, these were redivided into 40
1286:
king of Prussia and his representative was the Duke-Governor (
1238:, a Roman Catholic jurisdiction formed in 1821 by merging the
2161:
Niemcy w PoznaĆskiem wobec polityki germanizacyjnej 1815â1920
1587:(1815â1868), Polish businessman, social and cultural activist
1152:
Grand Duchy of Posen (light blue) after its creation, in 1815
1593:(1788â1879), Polish general, business and political activist
2154:
ZabĂłr pruski w Powstaniu Styczniowym. MateriaĆy i dokumenty
1832:(1824â1873), Polish economist and historian, co-founder of
1646:(1820â1856), Polish teacher, education activist, editor of
905:; during the first partition (1772), Prussia took just the
2101:
897:. The eastern portions of the territory were taken by the
2066:
Geschichte der Evangelisch-Augsburgischen Kirche in Polen
1989:. Verlag des Geographischen Instituts Weimar. p. 43.
1634:(1796â1861), Polish political activist, protector of arts
836:
it was to have some autonomy. However, in reality it was
1384:. From the 1820s, the grand duchy had a parliament, the
2137:
Przewodnik pod Poznaniu i Wielkim KsiÄstwie PoznaĆskiem
1887:
Historia. Encyklopedia Szkolna. Warszawa 1993. Page 670
1691:(1815â1905), Polish activist, secretary-general of the
1403:
Posener Provinzial-Bibelgesellschaft (Posen Provincial
1309:
in the years 1815â1849, and later to simplify just the
1140:
still held the title "Grand Duke of Posen" until 1918.
27:
Polish client state of the Kingdom of Prussia (1815-48)
1494:
Central Economic Society for the Grand Duchy of PoznaĆ
1328:
The territory of the grand duchy was divided into two
2261:
Bazar PoznaĆski. Zarys stuletnich dziejĂłw (1838â1938)
1899:
Piotr Stefan Wandycz Washington University Press 1974
2289:
Geneza szkĂłĆ realnych w Wielkim KsiÄstwie PoznaĆskim
1823:(1840â1922), Prussian politician, co-founder of the
1714:(1815â1910), Prussian politician, co-founder of the
1069:, which included large territories annexed from the
134:
Map of the Grand Duchy of PoznaĆ (place of storage:
3131:
3099:
3083:
3067:
3042:
3017:
2981:
2957:
2941:
2912:
2892:
2876:
2734:
2628:
2507:
2398:
495:
408:
395:
382:
370:
358:
338:
326:
314:
300:
284:
272:
258:
246:
239:
225:
213:
203:
159:
152:
142:
34:
1723:(1797â1870), Polish politician and parliamentarian
1504:) – promotion of modern agriculture
980:was the administrative centre and the seat of the
2076:
2074:
1972:Page 224. Anna RadziwiĆĆ and Wojciech Roszkowski.
1941:Page 278. Anna RadziwiĆĆ and Wojciech Roszkowski.
1911:Page 255. Anna RadziwiĆĆ and Wojciech Roszkowski.
1484:) – scholarship for the poor youth
924:It was initially administered as the province of
2216:Ć»ycie spoĆeczno-gospodarcze w Poznaniu 1815â1918
2103:Baza osĂłb polskich â polnische Personendatenbank
1701:(1828â1888), Polish historian, publicist of the
1624:(1830â1896), Polish theatre director, editor of
3199:Former administrative regions of Greater Poland
1609:(Liga Polska), co-founder and president of the
1522:PoznaĆ Society of Friends of Arts and Sciences
1176:) that were ceded to Prussia according to the
3174:States and territories disestablished in 1848
2844:
2374:
2148:Rola Wielkopolski w dziejach narodu polskiego
2003:Philo-Lexikon: Handbuch des jĂŒdischen Wissens
1777:(1800â1860), Polish activist, founder of the
777:
8:
1934:
1932:
1930:
1530:PoznaĆskie Towarzystwo PrzyjaciĂłĆ Nauk, PTPN
968:. Originally the Grand Duchy was to include
51:
37:
2199:Wielkopolska. WybĂłr ĆșrĂłdeĆ, t. II 1851â1914
2173:, Krajowa Agencja Wydawnicza, Warszawa 1989
1998:
1996:
1160:, which comprised the western parts of the
1061:, in the name of all Polish members of the
3169:States and territories established in 1815
3014:
2873:
2869:
2851:
2837:
2829:
2381:
2367:
2359:
2192:Wielkopolska. WybĂłr ĆșrĂłdeĆ, t. I 1815â1850
2088:, vol. IV, Aurich: 2007, pp. 195â197.
1753:(1799â1870), political and social activist
1094:Frankfurt Parliament of 1848 and the Duchy
995:, who was a Prussian of German ethnicity.
784:
770:
627:
506:
128:
117:
31:
2178:Studia nad dziejami Wielkopolski w XIX w.
2159:B. GrzeĆ, Jerzy KozĆowski, A. Kramarski,
1518:) promotion of education among the people
828:, and formally established following the
932:in Central Europe, participating in the
677:PolishâLithuanianâRuthenian Commonwealth
672:PolishâLithuanianâMuscovite Commonwealth
2859:Historical administrative divisions of
2146:, in: S.Kubiak, L.Trzeciakowski (ed.),
2086:Biographisches Lexikon fĂŒr Ostfriesland
1957:Polen Didaktik: Wissenschaft und Praxis
1897:"Lands of Partitioned Poland 1795â1918"
1873:
1232:Ecclesiastical Province of Gnesen-Posen
832:in 1815. Per agreements derived at the
532:
518:
357:
238:
212:
209:28,951 km (11,178 sq mi)
202:
151:
141:
2128:Gazeta Wielkiego KsiÄstwa PoznaĆskiego
1454:, established in 1885 in Posen/PoznaĆ)
1407:; established in 1817 in Posen/PoznaĆ)
1263:Evangelical Lutheran Church in Prussia
1443:Pestalozzi-Verein der Provinz Posen (
928:. The Poles were the primary ally of
428:
424:
407:
394:
381:
377:
337:
325:
313:
309:
299:
283:
271:
267:
257:
245:
224:
220:
158:
7:
2249:, wyd. J. N. Bobrowicz, Leipzig 1846
1307:Province of the Grand Duchy of Posen
2335:, 2nd edition, Warszawa-PoznaĆ 1983
1679:(1833â1902), Prussian mathematician
1578:Notable people of Province of Posen
1490:(Bazar PoznaĆski, established 1841)
1348:, whose borders reflected those of
893:, this area largely coincided with
1516:Towarzystwo Czytelni Ludowych, TLC
25:
3189:1848 disestablishments in Prussia
2333:Wielkopolski SĆownik Biograficzny
1532:) promotion of arts and sciencies
1440:in Bromberg, established in 1880)
1136:, while the Prussian Kings up to
123:The Grand Duchy of PoznaĆ in 1815
2346:
2327:W dziewiÄtnastowiecznym Poznaniu
2045:Geschichte Polens. Ein Ăberblick
1960:, retrieved on February 4, 2013.
1664:Ecclesiastical Province of Posen
1555:Deutscher Ostmarkenverein (DOV,
1386:Sejm of the Grand Duchy of Posen
1294:(1815â1831), who was married to
578:Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria
524:
479:
454:
102:
88:
2152:F. Genzen, Z.Grot, F.Paprocki,
1077:Greater Poland Uprising of 1846
934:Greater Poland Uprising of 1806
3184:1815 establishments in Prussia
2156:, WrocĆaw-Warszawa-KrakĂłw 1968
1825:German Eastern Marches Society
1716:German Eastern Marches Society
1705:(PoznaĆ Daily), co-founder of
1557:German Eastern Marches Society
1546:Prussian Settlement Commission
1100:Greater Poland Uprising (1848)
1017:Greater Poland Uprising (1846)
822:territories annexed by Prussia
558:PolishâLithuanian Commonwealth
553:Crown of the Kingdom of Poland
1:
2389:Territories and provinces of
2313:Pod pruskim zaborem 1850â1914
2306:Kulturkampf w zaborze pruskim
2180:, vol.I-III, PoznaĆ 1951â1967
1857:History of Poland (1795â1918)
1660:Karl Andreas Wilhelm Freymark
1412:Evangelical Church in Prussia
1255:Evangelical Church in Prussia
1199:
881:-speaking areas according to
738:Republic of Central Lithuania
715:Military Government of Lublin
1270:denominations or the former
710:Government General of Warsaw
2106:, retrieved on May 6, 2012.
814:Wielkie KsiÄstwo PoznaĆskie
639:Union of Hungary and Poland
345:Adolf von Arnim-Boitzenburg
53:Wielkie KsiÄstwo PoznaĆskie
3215:
3139:Greater Poland Voivodeship
2413:Margraviate of Brandenburg
1508:People's Libraries Society
1296:Princess Louise of Prussia
1278:Territorial administration
1259:Prussian Union of churches
1138:William II, German Emperor
1130:North German Confederation
1097:
1014:
993:Joseph Zerboni di Sposetti
654:Union of Poland and Saxony
618:Polish government-in-exile
573:Congress Kingdom of Poland
2867:
2803:
2654:Principality of NeuchĂątel
1128:and the establishment of
1084:Polish Democratic Society
598:Regency Kingdom of Poland
433:
429:
425:
421:
378:
354:
350:
310:
296:
268:
235:
221:
198:
127:
116:
84:
79:
68:
2282:Wielkopolska przez wieki
2197:Witold JakĂłbczyk (ed.),
2190:Witold JakĂłbczyk (ed.),
2183:Witold JakĂłbczyk (ed.),
2176:Witold JakĂłbczyk (ed.),
2080:Gabriele von Glasenapp,
1693:Central Economic Society
1650:(Polish School) magazine
1414:established in 1817/1826
1290:): the first was Prince
909:, the portion along the
613:Polish People's Republic
608:Polish Underground State
161: âą Coordinates
136:State Archives in PoznaĆ
2884:Duchy of Greater Poland
1574:(in alphabetical order)
1249:Ecclesiastical Province
1240:archdioceses of Gniezno
986:Antoni Henryk RadziwiĆĆ
889:Originally part of the
885:authorities, as of 1905
644:PolishâLithuanian union
399:Greater Poland uprising
2235:, Warszawa-PoznaĆ 1979
2225:, PoznaĆ-Warszawa 1956
1982:Hassel, Georg (1823).
1769:WĆadysĆaw OleszczyĆski
1677:Immanuel Lazarus Fuchs
1626:Dziennika PoznaĆskiego
1622:Franciszek Dobrowolski
1552:, established in 1886)
1529:
1524:(established in 1875,
1515:
1510:(established in 1880,
1501:
1496:(established in 1861,
1481:
1476:(established in 1841,
1365:
1357:
1337:
1322:
1314:
1153:
1116:, and the Province of
1001:Towarzystwo KosynierĂłw
914:
886:
853:
813:
805:
603:Second Polish Republic
52:
38:
2973:Bydgoszcz Departments
2221:K. Malinowski (ed.),
1922:Electorate of Hanover
1699:Kazimierz Jarochowski
1689:Maksymilian Jackowski
1673:between 1829 and 1853
1272:Council of Four Lands
1151:
872:
593:Grand Duchy of KrakĂłw
583:Grand Duchy of PoznaĆ
279:Frederick William III
18:Grand Duchy of PoznaĆ
3194:Former grand duchies
3179:Grand Duchy of Posen
3075:Reichsgau Wartheland
3003:Grand Duchy of Posen
2928:Gniezno Voivodeships
2667:Grand Duchy of Posen
2355:at Wikimedia Commons
2353:Grand Duchy of Posen
2325:Lech Trzeciakowski,
2318:Lech Trzeciakowski,
2311:Lech Trzeciakowski,
2185:Wielkopolanie XIX w.
1550:Ansiedlungskommision
1537:German organisations
1468:Polish organisations
1200:its religious makeup
1126:German Confederation
1110:Frankfurt Parliament
966:German Confederation
903:Partitions of Poland
826:Partitions of Poland
798:Grand Duchy of Posen
649:PolishâSwedish union
563:Partitions of Poland
333:Eduard von Flottwell
291:Frederick William IV
35:Grand Duchy of Posen
3034:Warsaw Governorates
2904:Kalisz Voivodeships
2737:Territorial reforms
2695:Province of Prussia
2280:J. Topolski (ed.),
2133:Konstanty KoĆcinski
1763:Andrzej Niegolewski
1597:Bernard Chrzanowski
1591:Dezydery ChĆapowski
1323:Prowincja PoznaĆska
1144:Area and population
1106:Revolutions of 1848
944:was created by the
919:KoĆciuszko Uprising
806:GroĂherzogtum Posen
743:Free City of Danzig
694:Occupational powers
588:Free City of KrakĂłw
179: /
39:GroĂherzogtum Posen
3091:PoznaĆ Voivodeship
3059:Posen-West Prussia
2819:JĂŒlich-Cleves-Berg
2811:
2772:Posen-West Prussia
2711:Schleswig-Holstein
2302:Lech Trzeciakowski
2024:Berthold Kempinski
1970:Historia 1789â1871
1939:Historia 1789â1871
1909:Historia 1789â1871
1821:Heinrich Tiedemann
1815:Florian Stablewski
1781:, activist of the
1775:Gustaw Potworowski
1736:Karol Marcinkowski
1703:Dziennik PoznaĆski
1683:Paul von Hidenburg
1616:BolesĆaw DembiĆski
1603:August Cieszkowski
1236:Primates of Poland
1178:Congress of Vienna
1154:
1067:Province of Saxony
958:Congress of Vienna
930:Napoleon Bonaparte
899:Kingdom of Prussia
887:
834:Congress of Vienna
818:Kingdom of Prussia
816:) was part of the
720:General Government
623:Republic of Poland
412:Autonomy abolished
386:Congress of Vienna
3156:
3155:
3151:
3150:
3147:
3146:
3123:PiĆa Voivodeships
3054:ĆĂłdĆș Voivodeships
3025:Province of Posen
3011:
3010:
2826:
2825:
2807:Province of Posen
2657:(1814–1848)
2545:Western Pomerania
2537:Minden-Ravensberg
2438:Farther Pomerania
2351:Media related to
2223:X wiekĂłw Poznania
2082:"Herzberg, Isaak"
1950:Jerzy KozĆowski,
1862:History of PoznaĆ
1805:Walenty StefaĆski
1793:Raczynski Library
1751:Maciej MielĆŒyĆski
1721:Antoni Kraszewski
1712:Hermann Kennemann
1644:Ewaryst Estkowski
1585:Hipolit Cegielski
1452:Province of Posen
1354:PoznaĆ Department
1311:Province of Posen
1302:of the province.
1122:Province of Posen
1071:Kingdom of Saxony
1049:was implemented.
1023:November Uprising
956:According to the
938:Napoleonic France
891:Kingdom of Poland
877:. Yellow colour:
875:Province of Posen
842:Province of Posen
794:
793:
752:
751:
548:Kingdom of Poland
505:
504:
491:
490:
487:
486:
475:Province of Posen
467:
466:
340:âą 1841â1848
328:âą 1830â1841
316:âą 1815â1830
286:âą 1840â1848
274:âą 1815â1840
253:Absolute Monarchy
248: âą Type
183:52.400°N 16.917°E
16:(Redirected from
3206:
3015:
2874:
2870:
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2839:
2830:
2812:
2796:
2776:
2768:
2760:
2727:
2707:
2699:
2691:
2658:
2641:
2640:
2631:Post-Congress of
2621:
2609:New East Prussia
2605:
2593:
2577:
2569:
2553:
2541:
2533:
2521:
2478:
2470:
2454:
2434:
2408:Duchy of Prussia
2383:
2376:
2369:
2360:
2350:
2252:B. PleĆniarski,
2167:Witold JakĂłbczyk
2107:
2098:"Freymark, Karl"
2095:
2089:
2078:
2069:
2062:
2056:
2043:Gotthold Rhode,
2041:
2035:
2028:Kempinski Hotels
2020:
2014:
2000:
1991:
1990:
1979:
1973:
1967:
1961:
1948:
1942:
1936:
1925:
1918:
1912:
1906:
1900:
1894:
1888:
1885:
1799:Antoni RadziwiĆĆ
1789:Edward RaczyĆski
1779:Kasyno in GostyĆ
1757:Ludwik Mycielski
1672:
1654:Eduard Flottwell
1632:Tytus DziaĆyĆski
1292:Antoni RadziwiĆĆ
1193:2,100,000 (1910)
1190:1,350,000 (1849)
1164:(Departments of
1063:Grand Duchy Sejm
1059:Edward RaczyĆski
1038:Eduard Flottwell
946:Treaty of Tilsit
786:
779:
772:
628:
528:
519:Polish statehood
507:
483:
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471:
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458:
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435:
434:
321:Antoni RadziwiĆĆ
249:
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3095:
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2937:
2908:
2888:
2877:12â13th century
2863:
2857:
2827:
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2799:
2794:
2780:Halle-Merseburg
2774:
2766:
2754:
2741:
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2615:
2599:
2587:
2575:
2563:
2547:
2539:
2527:
2519:
2503:
2476:
2464:
2458:LauenburgâBĂŒtow
2448:
2428:
2394:
2387:
2343:
2338:
2315:, Warszawa 1973
2291:, Warszawa 1936
2259:A. SkaĆkowski,
2124:, Syracuse 2005
2116:
2111:
2110:
2096:
2092:
2079:
2072:
2064:Eduard Kneifel
2063:
2059:
2042:
2038:
2021:
2017:
2001:
1994:
1981:
1980:
1976:
1968:
1964:
1949:
1945:
1937:
1928:
1919:
1915:
1907:
1903:
1895:
1891:
1886:
1875:
1870:
1852:Congress Poland
1848:
1839:Richard Witting
1666:
1575:
1572:
1539:
1470:
1394:
1380:) was moved to
1300:upper-president
1280:
1228:
1162:Duchy of Warsaw
1146:
1102:
1096:
1079:
1055:
1027:Congress Poland
1019:
1013:
1005:Congress Poland
990:upper-president
954:
942:Duchy of Warsaw
867:
862:
830:Napoleonic Wars
820:, created from
790:
748:
747:
733:
725:
724:
695:
687:
686:
667:
659:
658:
634:
568:Duchy of Warsaw
543:Duchy of Poland
480:
462:Duchy of Warsaw
455:
417:5 December 1848
414:
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388:
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3135:
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2959:
2955:
2954:
2952:
2951:
2945:
2943:
2939:
2938:
2936:
2935:
2933:Netze District
2930:
2916:
2914:
2910:
2909:
2907:
2906:
2896:
2894:
2890:
2889:
2887:
2886:
2880:
2878:
2868:
2865:
2864:
2861:Greater Poland
2858:
2856:
2855:
2848:
2841:
2833:
2824:
2823:
2804:
2801:
2800:
2798:
2797:
2777:
2769:
2764:Greater Berlin
2761:
2744:
2742:
2735:
2732:
2731:
2729:
2728:
2708:
2700:
2692:
2687:Rhine Province
2684:
2679:
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2341:External links
2339:
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2299:
2292:
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2278:
2271:
2266:L. SĆowiĆski,
2264:
2257:
2250:
2243:
2236:
2226:
2219:
2212:CzesĆaw Ćuczak
2209:
2204:T. Klanowski,
2202:
2201:, WrocĆaw 1954
2195:
2194:, WrocĆaw 1952
2188:
2181:
2174:
2164:
2157:
2150:
2142:T. Dohnalowa,
2140:
2130:
2125:
2120:Robert Alvis,
2117:
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2108:
2090:
2070:
2057:
2036:
2015:
1992:
1974:
1962:
1943:
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1748:
1745:Teofil Matecki
1742:
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1724:
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1657:
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1641:
1635:
1629:
1628:(PoznaĆ Daily)
1619:
1613:
1600:
1594:
1588:
1571:
1570:Notable people
1568:
1567:
1566:
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1560:
1553:
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1533:
1519:
1505:
1491:
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1448:
1441:
1438:Netze District
1434:
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1427:
1424:
1421:
1418:
1415:
1408:
1401:
1393:
1390:
1279:
1276:
1227:
1224:
1209:ethnic Germans
1195:
1194:
1191:
1188:
1187:900,000 (1815)
1158:Greater Poland
1145:
1142:
1114:united Germany
1095:
1092:
1078:
1075:
1054:
1051:
1040:known for his
1031:Russian Empire
1012:
1009:
953:
950:
907:Netze District
895:Greater Poland
866:
863:
861:
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3124:
3120:
3116:
3112:
3108:
3105:
3104:
3102:
3098:
3092:
3089:
3088:
3086:
3082:
3076:
3073:
3072:
3070:
3066:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3051:
3048:
3047:
3045:
3041:
3035:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3022:
3020:
3016:
3013:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2995:
2993:
2987:
2984:
2983:
2980:
2974:
2970:
2966:
2963:
2962:
2960:
2956:
2950:
2949:South Prussia
2947:
2946:
2944:
2940:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2925:
2921:
2918:
2917:
2915:
2911:
2905:
2901:
2898:
2897:
2895:
2891:
2885:
2882:
2881:
2879:
2875:
2872:
2871:
2866:
2862:
2854:
2849:
2847:
2842:
2840:
2835:
2834:
2831:
2820:
2816:
2808:
2802:
2793:
2789:
2785:
2781:
2778:
2773:
2770:
2765:
2762:
2758:
2753:
2752:Upper Silesia
2749:
2746:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2733:
2725:
2720:
2716:
2712:
2709:
2704:
2701:
2696:
2693:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2646:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2627:
2619:
2614:
2610:
2607:
2603:
2598:
2597:South Prussia
2595:
2591:
2586:
2582:
2579:
2574:
2571:
2567:
2562:
2558:
2555:
2551:
2546:
2543:
2538:
2535:
2531:
2526:
2523:
2518:
2515:
2514:
2512:
2510:
2506:
2498:
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2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2484:
2483:
2480:
2475:
2472:
2468:
2463:
2459:
2456:
2452:
2447:
2443:
2439:
2436:
2432:
2427:
2423:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2405:
2403:
2401:
2397:
2392:
2384:
2379:
2377:
2372:
2370:
2365:
2364:
2361:
2354:
2349:
2345:
2344:
2340:
2334:
2331:
2329:, PoznaĆ 1987
2328:
2324:
2322:, PoznaĆ 1964
2321:
2317:
2314:
2310:
2308:, PoznaĆ 1970
2307:
2303:
2300:
2297:
2293:
2290:
2286:
2284:, PoznaĆ 1973
2283:
2279:
2277:, PoznaĆ 1972
2276:
2273:J. StoiĆski,
2272:
2270:, PoznaĆ 1982
2269:
2265:
2263:, PoznaĆ 1938
2262:
2258:
2255:
2251:
2248:
2244:
2242:, PoznaĆ 1970
2241:
2238:F. Paprocki,
2237:
2234:
2230:
2227:
2224:
2220:
2218:, PoznaĆ 1965
2217:
2213:
2210:
2208:, PoznaĆ 1962
2207:
2203:
2200:
2196:
2193:
2189:
2187:, PoznaĆ 1969
2186:
2182:
2179:
2175:
2172:
2168:
2165:
2163:, PoznaĆ 1976
2162:
2158:
2155:
2151:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2139:, PoznaĆ 1909
2138:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2123:
2119:
2118:
2113:
2105:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2077:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2061:
2058:
2054:
2053:3-534-00763-8
2050:
2046:
2040:
2037:
2033:
2029:
2026:, founder of
2025:
2022:Examples are
2019:
2016:
2012:
2011:3-633-54053-9
2008:
2004:
1999:
1997:
1993:
1988:
1987:
1978:
1975:
1971:
1966:
1963:
1959:
1958:
1953:
1947:
1944:
1940:
1935:
1933:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1917:
1914:
1910:
1905:
1902:
1898:
1893:
1890:
1884:
1882:
1880:
1878:
1874:
1867:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1849:
1845:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1822:
1819:
1816:
1813:
1811:(Liga Polska)
1810:
1809:Polish League
1806:
1803:
1800:
1797:
1794:
1790:
1787:
1785:(Liga Polska)
1784:
1783:Polish League
1780:
1776:
1773:
1770:
1767:
1764:
1761:
1758:
1755:
1752:
1749:
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1681:
1678:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1661:
1658:
1655:
1652:
1649:
1648:SzkoĆa Polska
1645:
1642:
1639:
1636:
1633:
1630:
1627:
1623:
1620:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1608:
1607:Polish League
1604:
1601:
1598:
1595:
1592:
1589:
1586:
1583:
1582:
1581:
1579:
1569:
1564:
1561:
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1544:
1543:
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1536:
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1517:
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1509:
1506:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1492:
1489:
1486:
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1479:
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1472:
1471:
1467:
1462:
1459:
1456:
1453:
1449:
1446:
1442:
1439:
1435:
1432:
1430:Posen/PoznaĆ)
1428:
1425:
1422:
1419:
1416:
1413:
1409:
1406:
1405:Bible society
1402:
1399:
1398:
1397:
1392:Organisations
1391:
1389:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1350:the Bydgoszcz
1347:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1326:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1315:Provinz Posen
1312:
1308:
1303:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1277:
1275:
1273:
1268:
1267:Old Lutherans
1264:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1250:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1225:
1223:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1201:
1192:
1189:
1186:
1185:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1150:
1143:
1141:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1101:
1093:
1091:
1089:
1085:
1076:
1074:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1052:
1050:
1048:
1043:
1042:anti-Polonism
1039:
1036:
1035:OberprÀsident
1032:
1028:
1024:
1018:
1010:
1008:
1006:
1002:
996:
994:
991:
987:
983:
979:
975:
971:
967:
963:
959:
951:
949:
947:
943:
939:
935:
931:
927:
926:South Prussia
922:
920:
916:
912:
908:
904:
900:
896:
892:
884:
880:
876:
873:The Prussian
871:
864:
859:
857:
855:
851:
847:
843:
839:
835:
831:
827:
823:
819:
815:
811:
807:
803:
799:
787:
782:
780:
775:
773:
768:
767:
765:
764:
761:
760:
759:Poland portal
756:
755:
744:
741:
739:
736:
735:
732:Miscellaneous
729:
728:
721:
718:
716:
713:
711:
708:
706:
703:
701:
698:
697:
691:
690:
683:
680:
678:
675:
673:
670:
669:
663:
662:
655:
652:
650:
647:
645:
642:
640:
637:
636:
630:
629:
624:
621:
619:
616:
614:
611:
609:
606:
604:
601:
599:
596:
594:
591:
589:
586:
584:
581:
579:
576:
574:
571:
569:
566:
564:
561:
559:
556:
554:
551:
549:
546:
544:
541:
540:
539:
538:
535:
531:
527:
523:
522:
517:
513:
509:
508:
501:
498:
496:Today part of
494:
478:
476:
473:
472:
469:
463:
460:
453:
452:
449:
448:
445:
442:
440:
437:
436:
432:
420:
416:
413:
404:19 March 1848
403:
400:
390:
387:
373:
369:
366:
363:
361:
353:
349:
346:
343:
334:
331:
322:
319:
305:
303:
295:
292:
289:
280:
277:
263:
261:
254:
251:
242:
234:
230:
216:
208:
197:
192:
164:
155:
148:
145:
137:
131:
126:
120:
115:
105:
97:
91:
83:
78:
75:
71:
67:
61:
54:
47:
40:
33:
30:
19:
3121: /
3117: /
3113: /
3109: /
3052: /
3032: /
3002:
2971: /
2967: /
2926: /
2922: /
2902: /
2719:Hesse-Nassau
2703:Hohenzollern
2666:
2585:West Prussia
2332:
2326:
2319:
2312:
2305:
2295:
2294:S. Truchim,
2288:
2287:S. Truchim,
2281:
2274:
2267:
2260:
2253:
2246:
2239:
2232:
2229:Witold Molik
2222:
2215:
2205:
2198:
2191:
2184:
2177:
2170:
2160:
2153:
2147:
2143:
2136:
2127:
2121:
2102:
2093:
2085:
2065:
2060:
2044:
2039:
2032:Rudolf Mosse
2018:
2002:
1984:
1977:
1969:
1965:
1956:
1946:
1938:
1916:
1908:
1904:
1896:
1892:
1740:PoznaĆ Bazar
1727:Karol Libelt
1573:
1540:
1488:PoznaĆ Bazar
1395:
1382:West Prussia
1378:CheĆmno Land
1369:
1368:) headed by
1327:
1310:
1306:
1304:
1284:Hohenzollern
1281:
1247:
1229:
1220:
1217:
1205:ethnic Poles
1196:
1183:Population:
1182:
1155:
1103:
1080:
1056:
1047:colonisation
1029:against the
1020:
1000:
997:
962:Hohenzollern
955:
923:
888:
838:subordinated
797:
795:
757:
700:Vistula Land
444:Succeeded by
443:
438:
227:âą 1848
109:Coat of arms
70:Client state
29:
2815:Lower Rhine
2698:(1824â1878)
2649:Brandenburg
2613:New Silesia
2573:East Frisia
2446:Halberstadt
2400:Before 1701
2393:(1525â1947)
2298:, ĆĂłdĆș 1967
2245:L. Plater,
1830:Leon Wegner
1667: [
1342:of Bromberg
1288:Statthalter
1253:within the
1132:as late as
1104:During the
982:Statthalter
901:during the
682:Intermarium
439:Preceded by
391:9 June 1815
360:Legislature
205:âą 1848
186: /
3163:Categories
3132:since 1999
3100:until 1998
3084:until 1975
3068:until 1945
3043:until 1939
3018:until 1918
2985:until 1837
2958:until 1815
2942:until 1806
2913:until 1793
2893:until 1768
2739:after 1918
2682:Westphalia
2509:After 1701
2497:St. Thomas
2487:Gold Coast
2426:Ravensberg
1868:References
1638:Akiva Eger
1576:(see also
1445:Pestalozzi
1098:See also:
1015:See also:
865:Background
824:after the
260:Grand Duke
240:Government
214:Population
2813:From the
2788:Kurhessen
2784:Magdeburg
2662:Pomerania
2638:(1814â15)
2517:NeuchĂątel
2474:Magdeburg
1795:in PoznaĆ
1374:districts
1366:Powiat(y)
1313:(German:
1172:, partly
1170:Bydgoszcz
1073:in 1815.
1053:1840â1846
1021:The 1830
1011:1830â1840
952:1815â1830
948:in 1807.
921:in 1794.
913:(German:
852:(Polish:
231:1,350,000
80:1815â1848
2809:in 1848.
2525:Guelders
2482:Colonies
1846:See also
1370:LandrÀte
1358:Kreis(e)
1352:and the
1346:of Posen
1340:), that
1338:Rejencja
1251:of Posen
1226:Religion
984:"Prince
705:Ober Ost
666:Proposed
512:a series
510:Part of
302:Governor
2805:Became
2724:1866â68
2715:Hanover
2677:Silesia
2590:1772â73
2557:Silesia
2552:/ 1815)
2462:Draheim
2391:Prussia
2114:Sources
1330:regions
1234:led by
1118:Gniezno
1025:within
970:CheĆmno
860:History
410:âą
397:âą
384:âą
371:History
174:16°55âČE
171:52°24âČN
143:Capital
74:Prussia
3115:Leszno
3111:Kalisz
3107:PoznaĆ
3050:PoznaĆ
3030:Kalisz
2998:Kalisz
2969:Kalisz
2965:PoznaĆ
2924:Kalisz
2920:PoznaĆ
2900:PoznaĆ
2795:(1944)
2792:Nassau
2775:(1922)
2767:(1920)
2706:(1850)
2690:(1822)
2672:Saxony
2633:Vienna
2576:(1744)
2540:(1719)
2520:(1707)
2492:Arguin
2477:(1680)
2442:Minden
2418:Cleves
2100:, on:
2084:, in:
2051:
2034:, etc.
2009:
1954:, on:
1526:Polish
1512:Polish
1498:Polish
1478:Polish
1362:Polish
1334:Polish
1319:Polish
1244:PoznaĆ
1215:5.5%.
1174:Kalisz
1166:PoznaĆ
1108:, the
1088:relics
978:PoznaĆ
940:, the
883:German
879:Polish
854:PoznaĆ
810:Polish
802:German
534:Poland
500:Poland
374:
306:
264:
217:
199:
147:PoznaĆ
60:Polish
56:
46:German
42:
3119:Konin
2748:Lower
2561:Glatz
1671:]
974:ToruĆ
915:Netze
911:NoteÄ
850:Posen
846:Poles
2988:1848
2817:and
2757:1919
2618:1795
2602:1793
2581:East
2566:1742
2550:1720
2530:1713
2467:1657
2451:1648
2431:1614
2422:Mark
2049:ISBN
2007:ISBN
1834:PTPN
1731:PTPN
1707:PTPN
1611:PTPN
1344:and
1261:the
1242:and
1213:Jews
1134:1866
972:and
796:The
365:Sejm
153:Area
96:Flag
1325:).
856:).
72:of
3165::
2790:/
2786:/
2782:/
2750:/
2717:/
2713:/
2611:/
2583:/
2559:/
2460:/
2444:/
2440:/
2424:/
2420:/
2304:,
2231:,
2214:,
2169:,
2135:,
2073:^
2030:,
1995:^
1929:^
1876:^
1669:de
1580:)
1528::
1514::
1500::
1480::
1388:.
1364::
1360:,
1336::
1321::
1317:,
1168:,
1007:.
812::
808:;
804::
514:on
2852:e
2845:t
2838:v
2821:.
2759:)
2755:(
2726:)
2722:(
2620:)
2616:(
2604:)
2600:(
2592:)
2588:(
2568:)
2564:(
2548:(
2532:)
2528:(
2469:)
2465:(
2453:)
2449:(
2433:)
2429:(
2382:e
2375:t
2368:v
2256:,
2055:.
2013:.
1548:(
1332:(
800:(
785:e
778:t
771:v
138:)
62:)
58:(
48:)
44:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
