31:
997:
411:
963:
887:
614:
945:
980:
1113:
1014:
1031:
1082:
1099:
1048:
730:
3088:
928:
914:
829:– although it distanced itself from other fascist movements. The organization began to exhibit pro-Soviet sympathies, arguing that the monarchy and the Soviet Bolshevik system could peacefully coexist (their slogan being "Tsar and the Soviets", a socialist version of the traditional "Tsar and People" ). Kirill became more wary of the organization when he learned that its founder,
753:, wearing a red band on his uniform. Kirill had authorised the flying of a red flag over his palace on Glinka Street in Petrograd and in correspondence with a Romanov relative claimed credit for "saving the situation by my recognition of the Provisional Government". It is probable that he had hoped that by ingratiating himself with the Provisional Government he would be declared
1065:
481:. During breaks from his daily lessons, he trained in a gym with his brothers at the Vladimir Palace. He traveled extensively with his parents visiting many European countries, including Spain. A love for music and carpentry work remained in him for the rest of his life. In 1911 he designed a propeller-driven sled that is considered to be one of the predecessors of the
465:, and their country retreat, the Vladimir Villa in Tsarskoye Selo. Until he was fourteen years of age, Grand Duke Kirill was educated at home by private tutors. His education was supervised by General Alexander Daller, a retired artillery officer. He received military training and religion instruction, and learned the languages spoken by the Romanovs:
442:. Kirill's parents, wealthy and sophisticated, were influential figures in Russian society. Grand Duke Vladimir was cultured and a great patron of the arts, while Grand Duchess Maria Pavlovna was a renowned hostess in the Imperial capital. Both had imposing personalities and left a big imprint in the lives of Kirill and his siblings.
30:
390:
and, as next in line to the throne, as the
Guardian of the Throne in 1924. Kirill proclaimed himself emperor-in-exile in 1926. He worked for the restoration of the monarchy from exile for the rest of his life, but his claims were contested by some factions of the monarchists in a division that
493:
From an early age, Grand Duke Kirill had a love for the sea and his parents encouraged him to follow a career in the
Imperial Navy. At age fifteen, in the autumn 1891, he began his training for the naval college. He began his naval career as a midshipman on the sail training ship
716:
when he published a private letter of the
Dowager Empress in 1924 in which she stated that Kirill's assumption of the position was "premature." The Dowager Empress believed that her sons and grandsons might still be alive in Russia. Grand Duke Kirill wrote to
712:. In accordance with these laws, Kirill raised his children to the rank of Grand Duke and Grand Duchess after assuming the position of senior male of the Romanov family, and Head of the Imperial House. This elevation was openly denounced by Grand Duke
498:
in the summer of 1892. He returned to his home in
Tsarkoe Selo in the winter 1892 and spent the following year studying for his examinations at the naval college. Between the summer 1893 and the autumn 1893, he was back at sea training in the ship
648:, the wife of Nicholas II. The Tsarina already disliked her former sister-in-law and first cousin, being instrumental in leading the opposition to the marriage in the Russian court. She was not alone in her opposition. Dowager Empress
799:
After claiming the throne, Kirill became known as the "Soviet Tsar" because in the event of a restoration of the monarchy, he intended to keep some of the features of the Soviet regime. While living in exile, he was supported by some
707:
All the children were born to the rank of Prince and
Princess of Russia, not entitled to the rank of Grand Duke or Grand Duchess as they were not children or grandchildren in the male line of a Russian Emperor according to the
796:. In 1926 at a (Russian) monarchists congress in Paris the delegates voted to recognize Grand Duke Nicholas as their leader; however, with Nicholas's death in 1929 Kirill became the undisputed leader of the monarchists.
3254:
3020:
663:, Nicholas II restored Kirill to his rank of captain in the Imperial Russian Navy and his position as aide de camp to the emperor. He was given the title Grand Duke of Russia and from then on his wife was styled as
552:
In 1898, he took a trip around the world. One of his last stops was in New York in
January 1899. He was invited to the newly formed Russian-speaking club "Rousskaia Beceda" and elected Honorary President.
3209:
2043:"This era of globalization is also an era of monarchs as symbols: An Interview with the Director of the Chancellery of the Russian Imperial House, A. N. Zakatov on the website "Russia for Everyone""
3224:
1481:
2800:
2729:
793:
713:
656:, his position in the navy and then banished him from Russia, though the style of Imperial Highness and title of Grand Duke was restored on 5 October 1905, shortly after Kirill left Russia
3013:
2820:
652:
was also appalled at the effrontery of Kirill's marriage. Shortly after Kirill's return to Russia, the Tsar stripped Kirill of his imperial allowance and title of
Imperial Highness, his
1449:
435:
3259:
721:"Nothing can be compared to what I shall now have to endure on this account, and I know full well I can expect no mercy from all the malicious attacks and accusations of vanity."
2180:
3006:
1423:
622:
538:
334:
172:
457:. The four surviving children were close to each other and to their parents, who were devoted to them. Kirill Vladimirovich grew up between his parents' residence in
2795:
2785:
348:, Grand Duke Kirill was appointed Commander of the Naval Depot of the Guards in 1915. He achieved the rank of rear admiral in the Imperial Navy in 1916. During the
3189:
2780:
2750:
2602:
1786:
Illustrirte
Zeitung, Der Motorschlitten des Großfürsten Kyrill von Russland. Vol. 136, Part 1, Nr. 3523, J. J. Weber, Leipzig 5. Januar 1911, Page 46, online:
792:
he was the heir to the throne. However, his claim caused division within the family; his principal rival, and the only one to reject his claim was Grand Duke
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2724:
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and was its captain in 1912. In 1913, he joined the
Maritime Division of the Imperial Guard and was made Commander of the Naval Guards in 1915.
2805:
2703:
808:, in Russian легитимисты), underlining the "legitimacy" of Kirill's succession. The opponents of Kirill were known as the "un-predetermined" (
2892:
2886:
2635:
2384:
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2225:
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626:
306:
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2457:
886:
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337:, who both defied Nicholas II by not obtaining his consent. They had two daughters and settled in Paris before they were allowed to visit
2998:
1327:
2177:
3219:
1087:
690:
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The marriage caused a scandal in the courts of
European royalty as Princess Victoria was divorced from her first husband, Grand Duke
2595:
2437:
2412:
2370:
2105:
834:
542:
236:
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601:
in April 1904. Kirill barely escaped with his life, and was invalided out of the service suffering from burns, back injuries and
501:
445:
Grand Duke Kirill was six months old when his eldest brother, Alexander, died in childhood. He also had three younger siblings:
985:
868:
653:
3204:
3141:
2398:
2150:
1997:
1925:
1132:
750:
683:(2 February 1907 – 27 October 1951) married Friedrich Karl, Prince of Leiningen on 25 November 1925. They had seven children.
357:
1787:
2611:
1301:
784:, Kirill first declared himself "Guardian of the Throne" on 8 August 1924 and then on 31 August 1924 he assumed the title
700:
645:
526:
419:
290:
83:
1851:"A Club of Russians. The "Rousskaia Beceda," its aims and objects. A membership of forty, all of whom must speak Russian"
3249:
2588:
1359:
1036:
812:, in Russian непредрешенцы); they believed that in the wake of the radical revolutionary events that the convening of a
581:
367:, where his wife gave birth to the couple's only son. In exile, they lived for some years among his wife's relatives in
2453:
3158:
830:
557:
968:
565:
438:, née Duchess Marie Alexandrine of Mecklenburg. As a grandson in the male line to a Russian Tsar, he was titled
1104:
2016:
2200:
1850:
856:
130:
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1053:
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266:
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1207:
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in 1920. The exiled family subsequently moved to a small residence in the tiny French fishing village of
541:. They flirted with each other at the balls and celebrations, but Victoria Melita was already married to
3123:
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2688:
2515:
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996:
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330:
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372:
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729:
2651:
2479:
1871:
1098:
1047:
577:
317:
1989:
1656:
2042:
883:, Russia on 7 March 1995 after negotiations conducted by his granddaughter Maria Vladimirovna.
2988:
title of pretence granted by Grand Duke Vladimir Kirillovich as claimant to the Russian throne
2981:
title of pretence granted by Grand Duke Kirill Vladimirovich as claimant to the Russian throne
2529:
2433:
2408:
2394:
2380:
2366:
2352:
2221:
2146:
2130:
2101:
1993:
1921:
1112:
902:"a sum of nearly half a million gold marks in 1922-1923 for German-Russian national matters".
203:
112:
3037:
2672:
2471:
2260:[Exchange of Decorations between the Kings of Portugal and the Emperors of Russia].
2218:
Les Grand'Croix de la Légion d'honneur de 1805 à nos jours. Titulaires français et étrangers
1981:
1955:
Romanov, Kirill V. "My Life in Russia's Service," London: Seleyn & Blount, 1939., p.222.
1794:
1002:
899:
470:
466:
387:
278:
155:
92:
38:
2621:
2204:
2184:
1081:
979:
478:
474:
462:
368:
825:, a Russian émigré monarchist organization that ultimately became heavily influenced by
3033:
1982:
913:
880:
789:
742:
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353:
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During the rule of the Provisional Governmental in the summer 1917, Kirill escaped to
3173:
1142:
458:
2429:
1138:
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814:
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709:
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on 8 October 1905 without any consent from Tsar Nicholas II. Victoria's father was
801:
598:
2449:
3087:
667:
Grand Duchess Viktoria Feodorovna. From 1909–1912, Kirill served on the cruiser
602:
345:
58:
2300:
2098:
Dreamer of the day: Francis Parker Yockey and the Postwar Fascist International
895:
822:
594:
585:
518:
439:
321:
2065:
1853:. New York Tribune Illustrated Sunday Supplement. 15 January 1899. p. 5.
821:
Kirill found his strongest support among a group of legitimists known as the
3029:
2501:
780:
After a London court order in July 1924 recognized Grand Duke Michael to be
871:, the remains of Kirill and his spouse were transferred from Coburg to the
418:
Grand Duke Kirill Vladimirovich of Russia was born on 12 October [
2258:"Troca de Decorações entre os Reis de Portugal e os Imperadores da Rússia"
1030:
482:
2580:
2325:
2030:
The Frontier of Loyalty: Political Exiles in the Age of the Nation-State
851:
who styled himself "Grand Duke and head of the Russian Imperial House".
426:, at his parents' country residence, the Vladimir Villa. His father was
927:
826:
761:
364:
231:
2178:
Staatshandbuch für das Großherzogtum Sachsen / Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach
1791:– "Der Motorschlitten des Großfürsten Kyrill von Russland" (in German)
644:, also her first cousin. The Grand Duke of Hesse's sister was Tsarina
2974:
of 1886, limiting the style to sons and male-line grandsons of a tsar
2288:
Hof- und Staatshandbuch des Herzogtums Braunschweig für das Jahr 1912
1064:
944:
765:
754:
534:
509:, in the summer 1894, he joined his third training ship, the frigate
141:
2257:
617:
Kirill with his wife Victoria and their two daughters Marie and Kira
2450:
Newspaper clippings about Grand Duke Kirill Vladimirovich of Russia
2427:
A Fatal Passion: The Story of the Uncrowned Last Empress of Russia,
898:, when he was in Germany. On one occasion, he is said to have paid
676:
Grand Duke Kirill and Princess Victoria Melita had three children:
402:, is one of two claimants to the headship of the House of Romanov.
2971:
2197:
728:
612:
506:
409:
2014:
Michael and Natasha: The Life and Love of the Last Tsar of Russia
414:
Kirill (centre) with his brothers Andrei (left) and Boris (right)
3002:
2584:
1693:
1691:
637:, a daughter of Tsar Alexander II and Kirill's paternal aunt.
333:
in April 1904. In 1905, he married his paternal first cousin,
316:
serving for 20 years in the Naval Guards. He took part in the
1145:, who notoriously claimed to be the Grand Duchess Anastasia.
3255:
Burials at Saints Peter and Paul Cathedral, Saint Petersburg
533:, became the new Tsar. During the coronation festivities in
356:
at the head of the Naval Guards and swore allegiance to the
293:
30 September] 1876 – 12 October 1938) was a son of
818:
was necessary in order to choose a new monarch for Russia.
837:
agent. Kirill accepted Kazem-Bek's voluntary resignation.
398:, which was published after his death. His granddaughter,
1141:
portrayed Kirill as an embittered and dangerous enemy to
733:
Grand Duke Kirill with his wife and their three children.
382:
With the death of his cousins Nicholas II and Grand Duke
2256:
Bragança, Jose Vicente de; Estrela, Paulo Jorge (2017).
1450:
Frederick Francis II, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
2573:(182nd ed.). Almanach de Gotha. 1998. p. 214.
1684:(182nd ed.). Almanach de Gotha. 1998. p. 214.
890:
The imperial monogram of Grand Duke Cyril Vladimirovich
521:
in the summer of 1895. Grand Duke Kirill's uncle, Tsar
3210:
Grand Crosses of the Order of Saint Stephen of Hungary
1157:
Ancestors of Grand Duke Kirill Vladimirovich of Russia
537:, Kirill fell in love with his paternal first cousin,
371:
and, from the late 1920s, on an estate they bought in
2422:. London: Seleyn & Blount. 1939. ASIN: B001AS1FMI
2245:(in German), Darmstadt: Staatsverlag, 1907, p. 8
3225:
Russian military personnel of the Russo-Japanese War
2166:. No. 36659. London. 8 January 1902. p. 4.
894:
Among his activities he was close to members of the
3136:
3095:
3048:
2943:
2925:
2902:
2844:
2743:
2712:
2681:
2665:
2644:
2628:
1819:
1817:
1815:
262:
252:
242:
230:
202:
166:
122:
102:
78:
74:
64:
54:
46:
37:
23:
1424:Paul Frederick, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
386:, Kirill proclaimed himself to be the head of the
305:, Russia's last emperor. He was also the uncle of
840:Just before he died, he wrote his autobiography,
701:Princess Leonida Georgievna Bagration-Moukhransky
623:Princess Victoria Melita of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
539:Princess Victoria Melita of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
335:Princess Victoria Melita of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
173:Princess Victoria Melita of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
2966:born a Grand Duke, but stripped of his title by
2100:. Brooklyn, New York: Autonomedia. p. 603.
529:20 October] 1894 and Kirill's cousin,
3260:White movement collaborators with Nazi Germany
2220:. Paris: Archives & Culture. p. 518.
1769:
1767:
1765:
1751:
1749:
1735:
1733:
3014:
2596:
2393:, Odense: Syddansk Universitetsforlag, 2009.
2145:, Odense: Syddansk Universitetsforlag, 2009.
505:. After joining his father on a long trip to
8:
854:Kirill was buried at the ducal mausoleum at
693:on 31 October 1938. They had seven children.
621:Grand Duke Kirill married his first cousin,
564:, on 1 January 1904, Kirill was promoted to
2375:Korneva, Galina and Cheboksarova, Tatiana.
1266:Grand Duke Vladimir Alexandrovich of Russia
312:Grand Duke Kirill followed a career in the
295:Grand Duke Vladimir Alexandrovich of Russia
247:Grand Duke Vladimir Alexandrovich of Russia
3021:
3007:
2999:
2603:
2589:
2581:
2467:Grand Duke Kirill Vladimirovich of Russia
2462:
2420:My Life in Russia's Service - Then and Now
2067:My life in Russia's service - then and now
1302:Louis II, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine
1162:
1153:
842:My Life in Russia's Service – Then and Now
760:In June 1917 Kirill and Victoria moved to
749:(Marine Guard) to swear allegiance to the
635:Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia
593:, but the ship was blown up by a Japanese
29:
20:
2188:(1900), "Großherzogliche Hausorden" p. 17
2032:University of Michigan Press (2005) p.69.
1386:Grand Duke Kirill Vladimirovich of Russia
703:on 13 August 1948. They had one daughter.
699:(30 August 1917 – 21 April 1992) married
697:Grand Duke Vladimir Kirillovich of Russia
275:Grand Duke Kirill Vladimirovich of Russia
222:Grand Duke Vladimir Kirillovich of Russia
2403:Perry, John and Pleshakov, Constantine.
1920:(1st ed.). Doubleday. p. 282.
1869:"Grand Duke Cyril Dies In Paris Exile".
1864:
1862:
1860:
1544:Heinrich LXIII, Prince Reuss of Köstritz
971:, Grand Duchy of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach –
885:
757:after Nicholas II was made to abdicate.
689:(9 May 1909 – 8 September 1967) married
681:Grand Duchess Maria Kirillovna of Russia
513:. He concluded his training on the ship
3154:Branches of the Russian Imperial Family
2333:(in Japanese). 明治聖徳記念学会紀要. p. 149.
1965:"Duke Cyril Prompt To Side With Duma".
1668:
687:Grand Duchess Kira Kirillovna of Russia
659:In 1908, after the death of Grand Duke
341:in 1909. In 1910 they moved to Russia.
212:Maria Kirillovna, Princess of Leiningen
2786:Grand Duke Konstantine Konstantinovich
2121:
2119:
2117:
1941:"Death Wins Pardon For A Grand Duke".
1523:
1403:
1399:
1389:
1281:
1171:
1167:
1022:, Grand Duchy of Hesse and by Rhine –
320:, barely surviving the sinking of the
188:
3190:People from Pushkin, Saint Petersburg
2796:Grand Duke Vyacheslav Konstantinovich
1676:
1674:
1672:
1599:
1589:
1585:
1573:
1567:
1557:
1541:
1531:
1527:
1511:
1508:Duchess Marie of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
1505:
1495:
1479:
1469:
1465:
1453:
1447:
1437:
1421:
1411:
1407:
1383:
1373:
1357:
1347:
1343:
1331:
1325:
1315:
1299:
1289:
1285:
1269:
1263:
1253:
1237:
1227:
1223:
1211:
1205:
1195:
1179:
1175:
804:who styled themselves "legitimists" (
627:Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
257:Duchess Marie of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
7:
2243:Großherzoglich Hessische Ordensliste
1328:Princess Marie of Hesse and by Rhine
986:Royal Hungarian Order of St. Stephen
217:Kira Kirillovna, Princess of Prussia
192:
3215:Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour
2781:Grand Duke Nicholas Konstantinovich
2391:Riddere af Elefantordenen 1559–2009
2143:Riddere af Elefantordenen 1559–2009
2085:(in German). Verkehrsverein Coburg.
3245:White Russian emigrants to Germany
3235:White Russian emigrants to Finland
2857:Grand Duke Alexander Alexandrovich
2725:Grand Duke Constantine Nikolaevich
2620:The generations are numbered from
2083:Führer durch Coburg Stadt und Land
1570:Princess Augusta Reuss of Köstritz
1088:Supreme Order of the Chrysanthemum
691:Louis Ferdinand, Prince of Prussia
14:
3240:White Russian emigrants to France
3200:House of Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov
2826:Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich
2791:Grand Duke Dmitri Konstantinovich
2761:Grand Duke Vladimir Alexandrovich
2472:House of Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov
543:Ernest Louis, Grand Duke of Hesse
428:Grand Duke Vladimir Alexandrovich
3230:Pretenders to the Russian throne
3086:
2867:Grand Duke Michael Alexandrovich
2811:Grand Duke Nicholas Mikhailovich
2751:Tsarevich Nicholas Alexandrovich
2694:Grand Duke Constantine Pavlovich
2535:31 August 1924 – 12 October 1938
2290:. Braunschweig 1912. Meyer. p. 9
1111:
1097:
1080:
1063:
1046:
1029:
1012:
995:
978:
961:
943:
926:
912:
847:Kirill was succeeded by his son
307:Princess Marina, Duchess of Kent
50:31 August 1924 – 12 October 1938
3195:People from Tsarskoselsky Uyezd
2916:Grand Duke Vladimir Kirillovich
2893:Grand Duke John Konstantinovich
2882:Grand Duke Andrew Vladimirovich
2872:Grand Duke Kirill Vladimirovich
2862:Grand Duke George Alexandrovich
2816:Grand Duke Michael Mikhailovich
2801:Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolaevich
2771:Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich
2766:Grand Duke Alexei Alexandrovich
2730:Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolaevich
2305:(in Swedish), 1921, p. 784
1482:Princess Alexandrine of Prussia
869:Dissolution of the Soviet Union
741:of 1917, Kirill marched to the
525:, died on 1 November [
434:. His mother was Grand Duchess
422:30 September] 1876 in
352:of 1917, Kirill marched to the
184:
24:Grand Duke Kirill Vladimirovich
2952:Grand Duke George Mikhailovich
2910:Tsesarevich Alexei Nikolaevich
2877:Grand Duke Boris Vladimirovich
2836:Grand Duke Alexei Mikhailovich
2831:Grand Duke Sergei Mikhailovich
2821:Grand Duke George Mikhailovich
2735:Grand Duke Michael Nikolaevich
2538:Reason for succession failure:
2216:M. Wattel, B. Wattel. (2009).
2070:. London: Selwyn & Blount.
2064:Cyril; Lieven, Leonid (1939).
2012:Crawford, Rosemary and Donald
1945:. 19 November 1908. p. 6.
1875:. 13 October 1938. p. 23.
1133:Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna
833:, was spotted meeting with an
751:Russian Provisional Government
580:, he was assigned to serve as
358:Russian Provisional Government
1:
3097:Nikolayevichi → Mikhaylovichi
2776:Grand Duke Paul Alexandrovich
2045:. Imperial House. 30 May 2013
1905:. 17 October 1905. p. 1.
1890:. 15 October 1905. p. 6.
1240:Princess Charlotte of Prussia
844:which was published in 1939.
2934:Grand Duke Michael Pavlovich
2806:Grand Duke Peter Nikolaevich
2704:Grand Duke Michael Pavlovich
2377:Grand Duchess Marie Pavlovna
2198:"A Szent István Rend tagjai"
1886:"Czar Furious With Cousin".
1725:Grand Duchess Marie Pavlovna
1723:Korneva & Cheboksarova,
1699:Grand Duchess Marie Pavlovna
1697:Korneva & Cheboksarova,
1360:Princess Wilhelmine of Baden
1037:Order of the Tower and Sword
988:, Austro-Hungarian Empire –
394:He wrote a book of memoirs,
287:Kirill Vladimirovich Romanov
39:Head of the House of Romanov
2887:Grand Duke Dmitri Pavlovich
2454:20th Century Press Archives
2081:Klüglein, Norbert (1995) .
1969:. 17 March 1917. p. 2.
629:, the second eldest son of
430:, the third son of Emperor
396:My Life in Russia's Service
283:Кирилл Владимирович Романов
86:30 September] 1876
3278:
3159:Romanov Family Association
2636:Tsarevich Alexei Petrovich
2405:The Flight of the Romanovs
1916:Mironenko, Sergei (1997).
1517:
1401:
1275:
1169:
1052:Knight Grand Cross of the
1035:Knight Grand Cross of the
1018:Knight Grand Cross of the
1001:Knight Grand Cross of the
984:Knight Grand Cross of the
967:Knight Grand Cross of the
957:– during a visit to Greece
949:Knight Grand Cross of the
786:Emperor of all the Russias
556:After graduating from the
3220:House of Romanov in exile
3149:
3084:
2961:
2618:
2566:
2557:
2547:
2520:
2507:
2500:
2465:
2379:. Eurohistory.com, 2014.
2017:Weidenfeld & Nicolson
1600:15. Countess Eleonore of
1587:
1579:
1551:
1529:
1525:
1489:
1467:
1459:
1431:
1409:
1405:
1367:
1345:
1337:
1309:
1287:
1283:
1247:
1225:
1217:
1189:
1173:
969:Order of the White Falcon
282:
28:
3036:throne and heads of the
2543:Empire abolished in 1917
2425:Sullivan, Michael John.
2313:– via runeberg.org
2203:22 December 2010 at the
2183:6 September 2020 at the
1105:Order of the Black Eagle
1039:, Kingdom of Portugal –
867:, Coburg. Following the
633:. Victoria's mother was
576:. With the start of the
297:, a grandson of Emperor
237:Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov
1980:Massie, Robert (1969).
1901:"Grand Duke Degraded".
1130:In the 1986 miniseries
1056:, Duchy of Brunswick –
1054:Order of Henry the Lion
936:, Kingdom of Denmark –
877:Peter and Paul Fortress
857:Friedhof am Glockenberg
654:honours and decorations
289:; 12 October [
152:Peter and Paul Fortress
131:Friedhof am Glockenberg
2096:Coogan, Kevin (1999).
1984:Nicholas and Alexandra
1208:Alexander II of Russia
1119:Order of the Rue Crown
1073:, Kingdom of Sweden –
953:, Kingdom of Greece –
891:
734:
618:
562:Nikolaev Naval Academy
545:, the only brother of
432:Alexander II of Russia
415:
301:and a first cousin of
3205:Grand dukes of Russia
2612:Grand Dukes of Russia
2551:Vladimir Cyrillovitch
2523:— TITULAR —
2407:, Basic Books, 1999,
2361:Chavchavadze, David.
2351:, Eurohistory, 2012.
2349:The Other Grand Dukes
1071:Order of the Seraphim
951:Order of the Redeemer
934:Order of the Elephant
889:
873:Grand Ducal Mausoleum
788:. By the laws of the
732:
665:Her Imperial Highness
642:Ernst Ludwig of Hesse
616:
609:Marriage and children
574:Imperial Russian Navy
570:Russian Pacific Fleet
413:
314:Imperial Russian Navy
148:Grand Ducal Mausoleum
82:12 October [
42:(disputed until 1929)
2560:Notes and references
2477:Cadet branch of the
2418:Kirill, Grand Duke.
1602:Stolberg-Wernigerode
1182:Nicholas I of Russia
1107:, Kingdom of Prussia
1090:, Empire of Japan –
1086:Grand Cordon of the
1005:, French Republic –
849:Vladimir Kirillovich
764:and then escaped to
714:Nicholas Nikolaevich
661:Alexei Alexandrovich
646:Alexandra Fyodorovna
191:; died
3250:Russian monarchists
2302:Svensk rikskalender
1789:Illustrirte Zeitung
1121:, Kingdom of Saxony
920:Order of St. Andrew
831:Alexander Kazem-Bek
770:Saint-Briac-sur-Mer
745:at the head of the
739:February Revolution
719:Grand Duchess Xenia
350:February Revolution
2512:Title last held by
2502:Titles in pretence
2480:House of Oldenburg
2389:Pedersen, Jørgen.
2365:, Atlantic, 1989,
2286:Zimmermann, Paul:
2241:"Ludewigs-orden",
2162:"Court circular".
1943:The New York Times
1918:A Lifelong Passion
1903:The New York Times
1872:The New York Times
892:
735:
619:
578:Russo-Japanese War
416:
400:Maria Vladimirovna
318:Russo-Japanese War
3167:
3166:
2996:
2995:
2622:Peter I of Russia
2579:
2578:
2575:
2571:Almanach de Gotha
2562:
2548:Succeeded by
2530:Emperor of Russia
2525:
2385:978-0-9854603-6-5
2357:978-0-9854603-9-6
2264:(in Portuguese).
2227:978-2-35077-135-9
2141:Jørgen Pedersen:
2127:Almanach de Gotha
1682:Almanach de Gotha
1647:
1646:
1643:
1642:
558:Naval Cadet Corps
547:Tsarina Alexandra
391:continues today.
272:
271:
113:Neuilly-sur-Seine
3267:
3090:
3038:House of Romanov
3034:Russian imperial
3023:
3016:
3009:
3000:
2989:
2982:
2975:
2605:
2598:
2591:
2582:
2574:
2567:
2558:
2545:
2539:
2521:
2496:
2489:
2463:
2347:Beéche, Arturo.
2335:
2334:
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2315:
2314:
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2125:Justus Perthes,
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2061:
2055:
2054:
2052:
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2020:
2010:
2004:
2003:
1987:
1977:
1971:
1970:
1962:
1956:
1953:
1947:
1946:
1938:
1932:
1931:
1913:
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1898:
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1797:
1795:Internet Archive
1784:
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1163:
1154:
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1115:
1102:
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1084:
1068:
1067:
1051:
1050:
1041:31 December 1903
1034:
1033:
1017:
1016:
1003:Legion of Honour
1000:
999:
983:
982:
966:
965:
948:
947:
931:
930:
922:, Russian Empire
917:
916:
900:Erich Ludendorff
865:
650:Maria Feodorovna
388:House of Romanov
284:
267:Russian Orthodox
196:
194:
190:
186:
156:Saint Petersburg
139:
109:
93:Saint Petersburg
33:
21:
3277:
3276:
3270:
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3132:
3091:
3082:
3044:
3027:
2997:
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2987:
2980:
2965:
2957:
2944:10th generation
2939:
2921:
2898:
2840:
2739:
2708:
2677:
2661:
2640:
2624:
2614:
2609:
2569:
2553:
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2540:
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2536:
2534:
2526:
2513:
2495:12 October 1938
2490:
2488:12 October 1876
2484:
2483:
2475:
2468:
2446:
2363:The Grand Dukes
2344:
2339:
2338:
2330:
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2322:
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2306:
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2298:
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2205:Wayback Machine
2196:
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1963:
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1939:
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1900:
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1868:
1867:
1858:
1849:
1848:
1844:
1838:A Fatal Passion
1835:
1831:
1825:A Fatal Passion
1822:
1813:
1807:A Fatal Passion
1804:
1800:
1785:
1781:
1775:A Fatal Passion
1772:
1763:
1757:A Fatal Passion
1754:
1747:
1741:A Fatal Passion
1738:
1731:
1722:
1718:
1712:A Fatal Passion
1709:
1705:
1696:
1689:
1680:
1679:
1670:
1665:
1653:
1648:
1151:
1128:
1110:
1096:
1079:
1062:
1045:
1028:
1024:12 October 1899
1011:
994:
977:
960:
942:
938:18 October 1928
925:
911:
908:
859:
810:nepredreshentsi
778:
727:
611:
502:Prince Pojarsky
491:
463:Vladimir Palace
408:
226:
198:
182:
178:
175:
162:
161:
133:
111:
107:
106:12 October 1938
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5:
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3137:Leiningen line
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3050:Vladimirovichi
3046:
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2937:
2929:
2927:
2926:9th generation
2923:
2922:
2920:
2919:
2912:
2906:
2904:
2903:8th generation
2900:
2899:
2897:
2896:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2848:
2846:
2845:7th generation
2842:
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2833:
2828:
2823:
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2813:
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2798:
2793:
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2773:
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2745:
2744:6th generation
2741:
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2732:
2727:
2722:
2716:
2714:
2713:5th generation
2710:
2709:
2707:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2685:
2683:
2682:4th generation
2679:
2678:
2676:
2675:
2669:
2667:
2666:3rd generation
2663:
2662:
2660:
2659:
2654:
2648:
2646:
2645:2nd generation
2642:
2641:
2639:
2638:
2632:
2630:
2629:1st generation
2626:
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2619:
2616:
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2610:
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2607:
2600:
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2585:
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2460:
2445:
2444:External links
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2021:
2005:
1998:
1972:
1967:New York Times
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1948:
1933:
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1908:
1893:
1888:New York Times
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1117:Knight of the
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1103:Knight of the
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1069:Knight of the
1060:
1043:
1026:
1009:
1007:September 1897
992:
975:
958:
940:
932:Knight of the
923:
918:Knight of the
907:
904:
881:St. Petersburg
790:Russian Empire
777:
774:
747:Garde Equipage
743:Tauride Palace
726:
723:
705:
704:
694:
684:
631:Queen Victoria
610:
607:
566:Chief of Staff
490:
487:
436:Maria Pavlovna
424:Tsarskoye Selo
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354:Tauride Palace
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2324:刑部芳則 (2017).
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2035:
2031:
2028:Shain, Yossi
2025:
2022:
2019:(1997) p.276.
2018:
2015:
2009:
2006:
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1995:
1991:
1986:
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590:Petropavlovsk
587:
583:
582:First Officer
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
554:
550:
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536:
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523:Alexander III
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
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497:
488:
486:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
459:St Petersburg
456:
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174:
169:
165:
157:
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149:
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143:
137:
132:
129:
128:
125:
121:
118:
114:
105:
101:
98:
94:
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85:
81:
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73:
70:
67:
63:
60:
57:
53:
49:
45:
40:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
16:Russian noble
3144:(since 2013)
3126:(since 2021)
3096:
3073:(since 1992)
3058:
3049:
2950:
2932:
2914:
2891:
2871:
2720:Alexander II
2570:
2559:
2528:
2527:
2522:
2514:
2508:
2492:
2485:
2478:
2470:
2430:Random House
2426:
2419:
2404:
2390:
2376:
2362:
2348:
2326:
2319:
2307:, retrieved
2301:
2295:
2287:
2282:
2270:. Retrieved
2265:
2262:Pro Phalaris
2261:
2251:
2242:
2236:
2217:
2211:
2193:
2176:
2172:
2163:
2157:
2142:
2137:
2126:
2097:
2091:
2082:
2076:
2066:
2059:
2049:13 September
2047:. Retrieved
2037:
2029:
2024:
2013:
2008:
1983:
1975:
1966:
1960:
1951:
1942:
1936:
1917:
1911:
1902:
1896:
1887:
1881:
1870:
1845:
1837:
1832:
1824:
1806:
1801:
1788:
1782:
1774:
1756:
1740:
1724:
1719:
1714:, p. 167–168
1711:
1706:
1698:
1681:
1657:White émigré
1385:
1139:Rex Harrison
1131:
1129:
1091:
1075:13 July 1912
1074:
1057:
1040:
1023:
1020:Ludwig Order
1006:
989:
972:
955:January 1901
954:
937:
893:
855:
853:
846:
841:
839:
820:
815:Zemsky Sobor
813:
809:
805:
798:
785:
782:legally dead
779:
759:
746:
736:
710:Pauline Laws
706:
675:
669:
664:
658:
639:
620:
589:
555:
551:
514:
510:
500:
495:
492:
489:Naval career
444:
417:
395:
393:
381:
362:
343:
325:
311:
299:Alexander II
286:
274:
273:
158:(since 1995)
108:(1938-10-12)
18:
3185:1938 deaths
3180:1876 births
3129:heir: Peter
3120:(2016–2021)
3114:(2014–2016)
3108:(1992–2014)
3067:(1938–1992)
3061:(1924–1938)
2852:Nicholas II
2689:Alexander I
2516:Nicholas II
2327:明治時代の勲章外交儀礼
1092:8 July 1898
860: [
806:legitimisti
776:Life abroad
737:During the
603:shell shock
599:Port Arthur
531:Nicholas II
373:Saint-Briac
346:World War I
331:Port Arthur
303:Nicholas II
144:(1938–1995)
134: [
59:Nicholas II
55:Predecessor
3174:Categories
3030:Pretenders
2699:Nicholas I
2399:8776744345
2342:References
2151:8776744345
1999:033002213X
1988:. p.
1927:0385486731
1836:Sullivan,
1823:Sullivan,
1805:Sullivan,
1773:Sullivan,
1755:Sullivan,
1739:Sullivan,
1710:Sullivan,
896:Nazi Party
823:Mladorossi
725:Revolution
586:battleship
519:Baltic Sea
440:Grand Duke
406:Early life
322:battleship
2657:Peter III
2309:6 January
2164:The Times
1840:, p. 173.
1827:, p. 172.
1809:, p. 171.
1777:, p. 170.
1743:, p. 168.
1126:Portrayal
65:Successor
3142:Nicholas
3106:Nicholas
3065:Vladimir
2652:Peter II
2432:, 1997,
2272:19 March
2201:Archived
2181:Archived
1759:, p. 169
1727:, p. 54.
1701:, p. 53.
1651:See also
1149:Ancestry
794:Nicholas
483:Aerosani
263:Religion
69:Vladimir
3112:Dimitri
3032:to the
2456:of the
2452:in the
2129:(1922)
906:Honours
875:of the
827:fascism
802:émigrés
762:Finland
584:on the
572:in the
568:to the
517:on the
471:English
467:Russian
384:Michael
369:Germany
365:Finland
279:Russian
197:
181:
177:
3124:Alexis
3118:Andrew
3078:George
3076:heir:
3059:Kirill
3040:since
2673:Paul I
2509:Vacant
2491:
2436:
2411:
2397:
2383:
2369:
2355:
2224:
2149:
2104:
1996:
1924:
766:Coburg
755:regent
535:Moscow
515:Vernyl
496:Moriak
479:German
475:French
461:, the
453:, and
451:Andrei
377:France
339:Russia
253:Mother
243:Father
187:
167:Spouse
142:Coburg
123:Burial
117:France
47:Tenure
3071:Maria
2972:ukase
2493:Died:
2486:Born:
2331:(PDF)
2131:p. 84
1663:Notes
864:]
511:Vovin
507:Spain
455:Elena
447:Boris
232:House
204:Issue
195:)
183:(
179:
138:]
3099:line
3052:line
3042:1917
2434:ISBN
2409:ISBN
2395:ISBN
2381:ISBN
2367:ISBN
2353:ISBN
2311:2018
2274:2020
2268:: 12
2222:ISBN
2147:ISBN
2102:ISBN
2051:2019
1994:ISBN
1922:ISBN
1542:14.
1480:13.
1422:12.
1358:11.
1300:10.
1137:Sir
1058:1907
990:1897
973:1896
835:OGPU
670:Oleg
595:mine
560:and
527:O.S.
477:and
420:O.S.
291:O.S.
193:1936
189:1905
103:Died
84:O.S.
79:Born
2970:'s
2568:1.
2458:ZBW
1990:433
1568:7.
1506:3.
1448:6.
1384:1.
1326:5.
1264:2.
1238:9.
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1180:8.
879:in
597:at
344:In
329:at
309:.
3176::
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2116:^
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2415:.
2276:.
2230:.
2110:.
2053:.
2002:.
1930:.
1135:,
277:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
